4美国文学选读_课件BENJAMIN_FRANKLIN
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《美国文学》课件四
Franklin’s literary works：
The Autobiography:（1771）
The earliest autobiography in American literature; 1771 , 65 years old; a record of a man who rose to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, and the faithful account of the colorful career of America ’s first selfmade man.
Franklin’s Position:
• Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker(历书编撰者), essayist, scientist, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, parlor man. • He seemed to be born with King Midas' golden touch: in whatever field he happened to appear, he achieved a peerless degree of accomplishment.
美国文学课件
第一讲美国文化的背景与特征一、美国文化背景概观1、荒野里诞生的国度开拓型文化对于美国民族精神的塑造大有裨益：（1）有利于培植个人主义价值观（2）有利于造就美利坚民族的乐观精神（3）有利于培养创新精神2、清教传统美国主流文化：白人盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化清教（Puritanism）是新教的一个支派清教主义的信念：（1）上帝具有万能的力量（2）每个人凭借对上帝的信仰就可以成为上帝的选民（3）相信原罪说，注重反省自身（4）只有辛勤劳动，勤俭节约，取得事业成功，才能完成上帝赋予自己的使命清教对美国社会发展具有重要作用:（1）造就了精打细算、兢兢业业的作风和追求财富的动力（2）养成了开发新疆土、征服大自然的冒险精神（3）具有社会凝聚力，产生了一种新的民族认同3、多元开放的移民社会移民社会与美国文化的发展：（1）早期移民给新大陆的政治生活注入了民主的气氛（2）美国没有经历过封建社会阶段，商业的迅速发展对美国人的价值取向、国民心态产生了深远的影响（3）多元、开放性使美国文化充满生机与活力二、美国文化的特征1、核心价值观——个人主义（1）“个人主义”的含义：指西方从文艺复兴以来随着资本主义反对封建压迫和神权统治斗争的发展而形成的以个人为中心的思想，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价格，高度重视个人自由（2）个人主义和利己主义的区别与联系: 个人主义强调个人的独立性，创造性，个人的个性发展。
利己主义把个人的特殊利益凌驾于他人，社会公共利益之上，是违背功德的极端个人主义。
（3）美国个人主义的起源:清教传统是主要根源。
在拓荒中以自给自足方式生存使个人主义成为信仰和民族精神。
政治家，思想家的理论阐述时个人主义成为美国文化的主要信条。
爱默生强调个人精神的重要性，美国文化要从欧洲独立。
（4）美国个人主义价值观的主要内容A、个人的力量无限: 美国“牛仔精神”-个人英雄主义B、自主抉择，自力更生C、个人的权利不可侵犯(5) 对美国个人主义价值观的评价（思考）2、冒险、开拓、富有创新精神3、自由、平等精神4、实用主义/功利主义5、物质主义6、种族主义和扩张主义第二讲美国文学的发展阶段一、印第安传统文学二、殖民地时期文学（17世纪初-18世纪中叶）三、启蒙与独立战争时期文学（18世纪中叶-19世纪初）四、浪漫主义时期文学（19世纪上半叶）五、现实主义时期文学（南北战争后-20世纪初）六、现代文学（20世纪上半叶）七、当代文学（二战以后- 今）一、印第安传统文学印第安传统文学的主要特征（1）以口头形式流传（2）常见文学样式：典仪、曲词、神话与传说、史诗等（3）同印第安人生活有着特殊的联系（4）有一些基本相同的主题（5）常运用重复、渐进的手法关于印第安文学，值得研究的问题：1、如何认识印第安传统文学在美国文学整体中的地位？2、印第安传统文学同殖民地时期移民关于印第安人的叙述有何联系？3、印第安传统文学与印第安当代文学之间，有着怎样的延续和继承关系？4、印第安文学与其它弱势文学之间有何关系？《最后的莫希干人》二、殖民地时期文学The colonial period (1607 - 1765)这一时期文学的成就与特点：（1）体裁：主要包括游记、日记、信札、报道、历史、传记和宗教诗歌等，其内容大多表现的是探险者和移民对自己事业的赞颂。
美国文学 富兰克林传.ppt
Literary Giant: Benjamin Franklin
Major works
Poor Richard's Almanack 2.The Autobiography 1.
Poor Richard's Almanack
Poor Richard's Almanac (1733-1758) took Franklin twentyfive years to contrive homely aphorism out of whatever source he could tap and improve most of then with his gift for pungenct and imagery.
The Autobiography
In his Autobiography , told how and when he began to write it "Memoires De La Vie Privee...,”1791,in Paris The first English translation, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin ”,1793,in London
"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin”was written for Franklin's son William The work portrays a fascinating picture of life in Philadelphia The first five chapters were written in England in 1771,resumed in 1784-1785 in Paris,and later in 1788 in the US
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
12
2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林 PPT
It was considered to be the greatest autobiography produced in Colonial America which was published here contained 14 chapters.
Content
changing.
• 省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河 。 • 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明 。 • 天助自助者 。 • 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 • 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 • 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 《本杰明·富兰克林自传》
Serving god best is to contribute your talent
to the people and community
Franklin’s Contributions to Science
A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
content
1. Life Experience 2. Great Contributions 3. Literary Worperience
He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely.
Content
changing.
• 省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河 。 • 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明 。 • 天助自助者 。 • 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 • 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 • 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 《本杰明·富兰克林自传》
Serving god best is to contribute your talent
to the people and community
Franklin’s Contributions to Science
A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
content
1. Life Experience 2. Great Contributions 3. Literary Worperience
He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely.
美国文学ppt课件
histories, travel accounts, diaries,
biographies, letters, autobiographies, sermons,
and poems.
Wor
5
Major writers:
Captain John Smith （约翰·史密斯）
? the first American
? The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
? As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent
Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made
artists self-conscious about American subjects.
?“Poet of the American
Revolution”
?“Father of American
Poetry”
?“Pioneer of the New
Romanticism”
?“A gifted and versatile lyric
Wor
poet”
? “The Rising Glory of America” (1772)
课堂ppt-美国文学选
American Literature Benjamin Franklin 3
Then, many European countries became stronger. Their ships reached Africa and Asia. They got gold, silver, silk, tea and other things from the orient. Columbus wanted to make another way to India and China.
American Literature
Benjamin Franklin
9
The First American Literature
The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Captain John Smith’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.
Colonial Period and Early American Literature (1582-1789)
Historical Introduction
Then, many European countries became stronger. Their ships reached Africa and Asia. They got gold, silver, silk, tea and other things from the orient. Columbus wanted to make another way to India and China.
American Literature
Benjamin Franklin
9
The First American Literature
The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Captain John Smith’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.
Colonial Period and Early American Literature (1582-1789)
Historical Introduction
(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件
area, by Mayflower and found Plymouth Colony (普利茅斯殖民地).
ship of Mayflower
roast turkey
❖ The origin of Thanksgiving Day
精选PPT课件
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New England
精选PPT课件
5
2. American Puritanism
To achieve freedom , prosperity and success through honest hard work.
The ability to rise from rags to riches through hard work.
"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with for each according to ability or achievement“
❖What is Puritan?
The Puritans were originally devout members
of Church of England who advocated highly
religious and moral principle. They wished to
“purify” their religious belief---to clean up the
精选PPT课件
7
❖What is American Puritanism?
❖ Puritanism is the practices and religious beliefs of puritans in America.
ship of Mayflower
roast turkey
❖ The origin of Thanksgiving Day
精选PPT课件
4
New England
精选PPT课件
5
2. American Puritanism
To achieve freedom , prosperity and success through honest hard work.
The ability to rise from rags to riches through hard work.
"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with for each according to ability or achievement“
❖What is Puritan?
The Puritans were originally devout members
of Church of England who advocated highly
religious and moral principle. They wished to
“purify” their religious belief---to clean up the
精选PPT课件
7
❖What is American Puritanism?
❖ Puritanism is the practices and religious beliefs of puritans in America.
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in
美国文学史 Benjamin franklin
❖ The style：use of humor、simple、clear in order、 direct and concise、predome work was one of the first autobiographies in the English language
❖ The autobiography tell us today what life was like in 18th country American.
❖ Franklin’s autobiography is also a reflection of 18th century idealism.
Philade About political advocations
lphia
13 virtues
❖ Temperance 节制 ❖ Silence 缄默 ❖ Order 条例 ❖ Resolution 决心 ❖ Frugality 节俭 ❖ Industry 勤奋 ❖ Sincerity 真诚 ❖ Justice 正义
❖ Moderation 适度 ❖ Cleanliness 整洁 ❖ Tranquility 平静 ❖ Chastity 纯洁 贞操 ❖ Humility 谦逊
Why are we still reading this book over 200 years after it was written?
❖Appeared from 1732—1758 and contained information that typical almanac would contain.
❖Many aphorisms and proverbs. (eg, action speak loud than words)
❖ The autobiography tell us today what life was like in 18th country American.
❖ Franklin’s autobiography is also a reflection of 18th century idealism.
Philade About political advocations
lphia
13 virtues
❖ Temperance 节制 ❖ Silence 缄默 ❖ Order 条例 ❖ Resolution 决心 ❖ Frugality 节俭 ❖ Industry 勤奋 ❖ Sincerity 真诚 ❖ Justice 正义
❖ Moderation 适度 ❖ Cleanliness 整洁 ❖ Tranquility 平静 ❖ Chastity 纯洁 贞操 ❖ Humility 谦逊
Why are we still reading this book over 200 years after it was written?
❖Appeared from 1732—1758 and contained information that typical almanac would contain.
❖Many aphorisms and proverbs. (eg, action speak loud than words)
美国文学史及选读 ppt课件
2. character of colonial literature a. content: religious, political b. form: diary, journal, letters, travel books,
sermons, history (personal literature) c. style: simple. direct, concise d. out of humble origins
With regard to technique one naturally thinks of the simplicity which characterizes the Puritan style of writing.
John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 小虫小物尚扬声，难道吾便如哑子。
2. John Calvin a. predestination b. original sin and totated few
3. practical , optimistic， idealistic 4. a doctrinaire opportunist
The American Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly important in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
The Literature of Colonial America
Historical Introduction
1. colonial settlement(1607-1776) In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered
sermons, history (personal literature) c. style: simple. direct, concise d. out of humble origins
With regard to technique one naturally thinks of the simplicity which characterizes the Puritan style of writing.
John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 小虫小物尚扬声，难道吾便如哑子。
2. John Calvin a. predestination b. original sin and totated few
3. practical , optimistic， idealistic 4. a doctrinaire opportunist
The American Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly important in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
The Literature of Colonial America
Historical Introduction
1. colonial settlement(1607-1776) In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered
美国文学——Benjamin Franklin课件
Benjamin Franklin and The
Autobiography
First of its kind in literature Writing when he was 65 An introduction of his life to his own son Including four parts written in different time Puritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement (timetable, thirteen virtues, life style) Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature good, rights of liberty, virtues includes “order〞) Style: simple, clear in order, direct and concise (“Nothing should be expressed in two words that can as well be expressed in one.〞) (Puritanism’s influence) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans
The End
Literary works
Poor Richard’s Almanac?穷查理的年历? Modeled on farmers’ annual calendar; kept publishing for many years; includes many classical sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.〞 The Autobiography:
本杰明富兰克林.ppt
CONTENTS content
About
Benjamin Franklin
About his identities About his books
About his famous
quotations
Famous Quotation
The world is full of fools and faint hearts and yet every one has courage enough to bear the misfortunes and wisdom enough to manage the affairs of his neighbor.
Scientist Add your title
The lightning rod, bifocal glasses, armonica etc.
Social Add your activist title
Established library ,founded the college etc.
Industrialist Add your title
Байду номын сангаас
Pennsylvania Gazette
Politician Add your title
Declaration of Independence
CONTENTS
Lightning rob 避雷针
Inventions
Rocking chair 摇椅 Franklin stove 富兰克林电炉
Road lamp 路灯
CONTENTS content
About
Benjamin Franklin
About his identities About his books
本杰明·富兰克林PPT美国文学史
+ Franklin wrote many things during his lifetime:
articles for his newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette（宾夕法尼亚公报）, letters about his life (later published as his Autobiography), letters on an amazingly wide range of subjects, including politics, science, libraries, even fire stations. + Sometimes he was humorous, but he always followed his own rule for writing: make it "smooth, clear and short."
品质：
节制（restrained）、沉默(silent)、 秩序(plan)、意志(strong-willed)、 节俭(thrifty)、产出(effective)、诚 恳(sincere)、公平(fair)、中道()整 洁(tidiness)、平静(calm)、洁身 (integrity)、谦逊(modest)
Nation:
1.He developed and improved the postal system , making it run at a profit after years of losses.(邮政系统) . 2.He supported and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence(独立宣言). 3.He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that support for America in the war. 4.He was a delegate to the Convention that wrote the Constitution.
4.美国文学选读_课件Benjamin_Franklin
founded the first public library, organized the first fire department and the first paid police force, founded a school and a hospital.
the great man of letters
Autobiography
A story that a person writes about his or her own life is called an autobiography. Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies in thirdperson point of view.
bifocal glasses
politician, public-spirited citizen, prose writer
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution
Analysis of the Selected Parts on page20-21:
Autobiography
• The style: it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision( 言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂 的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).
美国文学选读课件
American Natrualism
Applied scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to the study of human beings. Influenced by Darwinism (natural selection) and psychology (Freud) Posited that men were governed by heredity（遗传） and environment. Often depict man in conflict with nature, society, or himself. Prominent from 1880-1920(ish) Naturalism, together with realism, regionalism, is a truly American mode of writing.
Two Poems to facilitate our thinking
"When I was one-and-twenty..." by A. E. Housman (1859-1936)
When I was one-and-twenty I heard a wise man say, 'Give crowns and pounds and guineas But not your heart away; Give pearls away and rubies But keep your fancy free.' But I was one-and-twenty, No use to talk to me.