MBAMPAMPACC考试英语真题

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MPAccMBAMPA联考英语真题完整版训练

MPAcc/MBA/MPA联考英语真题完整版训练Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Y et [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Y et satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Y et the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showedother makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. V isual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word “V iscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sides Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsew here. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the timeand we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.”says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lec ture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.Y ou should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Y ou should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.Y ou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)。

2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题.doc

2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题12012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题Section 1 Use of EninglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。

2013年MBA MPA MPACC管理类英语真题

2013年MBA/MPA/MPACC管理类英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwillingto 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in themeantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves anelectronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over[C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail。

管理类MBAMPA联考英语真题试卷【23】（含答案及解析）

单项选择题 2 [
]Olaf Street Study
A.originates from a long walk that the ar st took B.illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art
C.reminds people of the English landscape pain ng tradi on.
me.
Parks feature, par cularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pre y girl and unwi ngly assaulted in a
The Bri sh land art, typiﬁed by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domes cally scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibi on of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “ac on” is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.

2012MBAMPAMPACC管理类联考考研英语真题及答案下载(word版) (2)

2012MBA英语真题和解析Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

MBAMPAMPACC考试英语真题修订版

M B A M P A M P A C C考试英语真题修订版IBMT standardization office【IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18】MBA/MPA/MPACC考试英语真题本试卷满分100分，考试时间为180分钟) PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (2 0%)1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ____ military service。

A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish2. He was laid _____ for six weeks with we broken ribs。

A. inB. outC. upD. down3. He _______ to be affected by many things。

A. forcedB. permittedC. advisedD. tended4."Did you remember to giver Anne the money you own her。

"Yes, ______ I saw her, I remembered."A. momentarilyB. whileC. suddenlyD. the instant4. _______ the formation of the sun, the planets and other stars began with the consideration of an interstellar cloud。

A. It accepted thatB. Accepted thatC. It is accepted thatD. That is accepted6. He is a man __ no one has a better right to speak。

MBAMPAMPACC考试英语真题

MBA/MPA/MPACC考试英语真题本试卷满分100分，考试时间为180分钟) PART I STRUCT URE AND VOCABULARY (20%)1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ___ _ military service。

A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish2. He was laid _____ for six weeks with we brok en ribs。

A. inB. outC. upD. down3. He _______ to be affected by many things。

A. forcedB. permittedC. advisedD. tended4."Did you remember to giver Anne the money you own her。

"Yes, ______ I saw her, I remembered."A. momentarilyB. whileC. suddenlyD. the instant4. _______ the formation of the sun, the planet s and other starsbegan with the consideration of an interstellar cloud。

A. It accepted thatB. Accepted thatC. It is accepted thatD. That is accepted6. He is a man __ no one has a better right to speak。

A. whomB. to whomC. than whoD. than whom7.______ would have known the answer。

2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题.doc

2015年一月联考MBAMPAMPAcc英语真题及答案

/shiti/1332.html 1.[A] ticket[B] permit[C] signal[D] record 2.[A] nothing[B] little[C] another[D] much 3.[A] beaten[B] guided[C] plugged[D] brought 4.[A] message[B] code[C] notice[D] sign 5.[A] under[B] beyond[C] behind[D] from 6.[A] misapplied[B] mismatched[C] misadjusted[D] misinterpreted 7.[A] replaced[B] fired[C] judged[D] delayed 8.[A] unreasonable[B] ungrateful[C] unconventional[D] unfamiliar 9.[A] comfortable[B] confident[C] anxious[D] angry 10.[A] attend[B] point[C] take[D] turn 11.[A] dangerous[B] mysterious[C] violent[D] boring 12.[A] hurt[B] resist[C] bend[D] decay 13.[A] lecture[B] conversation[C] debate[D] negotiation 14.[A] passengers[B] employees[C] researchers[D] trainees 15.[A] reveal[B] choose[C] predict [D] design 16.[A] voyage[B] ride[C] walk[D] flight 17.[A] went through[B] did away[C] caught up[D] put up 18.[A] in turn[B] in fact [C] in particular[D] in consequence 19.[A] unless[B] since[C] if[D] whereas 20.[A] funny[B] logical[C] simple[D] rare Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s control. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge。

MBAMPAMPACC考试英语真题

MBA/MPA/MPACC考试英语真题本试卷满分100分，考试时间为180分钟) PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (2 0%)1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ____ military service。

A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish2. He was laid _____ for six weeks with we broken ribs。

A. inB. outC. upD. down3. He _______ to be affected by many things。

A. forcedB. permittedC. advisedD. tended4."Did you remember to giver Anne the money you own her。

A. It accepted thatB. Accepted thatC. It is accepted thatD. That is accepted6. He is a man __ no one has a better right to speak。

A. whomB. to whomC. than whoD. than whomwould have known the answer。

mba考试英语真题及答案解析

mba考试英语真题及答案解析MBA考试英语真题及答案解析一、简介MBA（Master of Business Administration）是国际上商科教育最高的硕士学位，也是许多企业高层管理人员追求的梦想。

而MBA考试则是进入MBA学校的门槛之一。

英语是MBA考试的一项重要内容，下面将结合真题及其答案解析，来帮助大家更好地准备和理解MBA考试。

二、真题及答案解析1. 阅读理解题示例：根据下面短文，回答问题：The concept of social entrepreneurship is gaining momentum as both individuals and organizations areincreasingly seeking innovative ways to address social issues. Social entrepreneurs are driven by a desire to make apositive impact on society, and they create and manage ventures that combine market-based approaches with a focus on enhancing the common good.Question: What is the main character of social entrepreneurship?答案解析：社会创业的主要特点是将市场导向的方法与促进社会福利的关注结合起来。

2. 完形填空题示例：根据下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择合适的词或词组完成短文，并将其标号填入题后括号内。

A study conducted by the Harvard Business School has revealed that a well-designed office space can significantly (41) productivity and employee satisfaction. The study (42) that the physical environment directly affects work behaviors and attitudes. It has been discovered that the presence of natural light, comfortable furniture, and ample space (43) collaboration and communication among employees.41. A. increase B. decrease C. sustain D. maintain42. A. confirmed B. assured C. ensured D. proved43. A. promotes B. denies C. disrupts D. ignores答案解析：41. A；42. D；43. A3. 阅读填空题示例：根据下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择合适的词或词组完成短文，并将其标号填入题后括号内。

mbampampacc联考英语真题

m b a m p a m p a c c联考英语真题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]2012MBA MPA MPACC联考英语真题Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not . is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the t op .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。

MBA联考英语真题2003年

2003 MBA、MPA、MPAcc联考英语试题(整合新题型)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.Each year, hundreds of thousands of people die from heart attack, a leading cause of death. In the Landmark Physicians' Health Study at Harvard University in the United States in the late 1980s, a research team led by Dr. Hennekens studied 22, 701 healthy male physicians,half of whom were randomly (1) to take an aspirin every other day while the others took placebos(安慰剂). After the participants had been (2) for an average of five years, the doctors in the aspirin group were found to have suffered 44 percent fewer first heart attacks. (3) , a recent international study indicates that aspirincan be beneficial for those people with a history of coronaryartery(冠动脉) bypass surgery, (4) of their sex, age or whether they have high blood pressure or diabetes.According to a report by the American Heart Association, doctors should consider prescribing (5) aspirin for middle-aged people with a family history of, or (6) for, heart disease. (Risk factors include smoking, being more than 20 percent overweight, high blood pressure and lack of exercise. )Aspirin is also a lifesaver during heart attacks. Paramedics now give it routinely, and experts urge anyone with chest pain, (7) if it spreads to the neck, shoulder or an arm, or is accompanied by sweating, nausea (恶心), lightheadedness and breathing difficulty to chew and (8) an aspirin tablet immediately.When taking aspirin for heart attack, (9) the plain, uncoated variety. For even faster absorption, crush and mix with a little water. Speedof absorption is critical because most heart attack deaths occur (10) the first few hours after chest pain strikes.( )1．A．expected B．demanded C．assigned D．advised( )2．A．followed B．examined C．monitored D．experienced( )3．A．Meanwhile B．Above all C．However D．In addition( )4．A．in spite B．regardless C．careless D．whatever( )5．A．low-dose B．high-amount C．more D．right( )6．A．ready B．at risk C．maybe D．in danger( )7．A．naturally B．apparently C．especially D．furthermore( )8．A．eat B．swallow C．digest D．assimilate( )9．A．choose B．use C．hold out D．pick out( )10．A．for B．along C．within D．exceptSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions blow each passage by choosing A, B, C and D．Text 1A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hopeof gaining support for his work.After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, "It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?""I don't know," replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you'll be taxing them. "From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of gettingthings done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4, 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal's remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B．C．with 90, 000 foot soldiers, 12, 000 horsemenand a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarityof direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785．( )11．The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates thatA．politicians tax everythingB．people are skeptical about the values of pure research C．government should support scientistsD．he was rejected by his government( )12．Management is defined asA．the creator of the Industrial RevolutionB．supervising subordinatesC．the art of getting things doneD．an emerging profession( )13．Management came into its own______.A．in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firmsB．in Hannibal's famous trip across the AlpsC．in the development of early Christian ChurchD．in the eighteenth century( )14．A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage is______. A．the problem of command B．division of laborC．control by authority D．competitionText 2By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior,of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible(容易受影响的) to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced bythe environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity (遗传；继承). When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal isled astray by its instincts. Thus the " ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen (腹部), goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it.It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion (堡垒) ofgravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these couldonly be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longerinherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitelystill of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism-is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fittedto the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸), and preeminently(卓越地) by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.( )15．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A．The Evolution of Insects.B．Environment and Heredity.C．Education: The Influence of the Environment.D．The Instincts of Animals.( )16． What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?A．Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situations.B．When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted. C． Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.D． Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.( )17．Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will probably______.A．begin a completely new net B．destroy the half-netC．spin the rest of the net D．stay away from the net( )18．Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?A．They are natural endowments to living creatures.B．They are more important than instincts to all animals.C．They are subject to the formative influence of the environment. D．They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.Text 3One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing estrangement(疏远) between America and Europe. This may be a surprising discovery to those who are over impressed by the speedwith which turbojets can hop from New York to Paris. But to anyonewho is aware of what America once meant to English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibsen bitterly excoriating (痛斥) European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in the way that the European Left, historically " pro-American" because it identified America with expansive democracy, now punishes America with Europe's lack of hope in the future.Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of themselves as an idea, a "proposition" (inLincoln's word) set up for the enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our original principles; we insist on this boastfully and even inhumanly. And it is precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks(使苦恼，使厌烦) Europeans who under so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to retreat.Historically, the obstinacy of America's faith in "principles" has been staggering--the sacrament(神圣) of the Constitution, the legacyof the Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French Revolution, and that have survivedall the socialist utopias and internationals. Americans honestlyinsist on the equality of men even when they deny this equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians.It is a fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical, pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths (陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Walt Whitman to fill outhis poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allowsa president to make pious references to God. As an Americantradition--references which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America.( )19．The writer uses the example of Ibsen and others to maintainthatA．Europeans do not have the proper appreciation of the United States B．Europeans have made a notable shift in attitude toward the United StatesC．American culture has been rediscovered by EuropeansD．Europeans no longer feel that there should be an exchange of ideas with Americans( )20．The writer states that, until recently, Americans thought of their country as a______.A．source of enlightenment B．leader in technological progress C．recipient of a European heritage D．peacemaker( )21．The author states that American democracy in practice sometimes is in conflict withA．theoretical notions of equality B．other political systems C．Europe's best interests D．both A and B( )22．Which of the following was NOT mentioned by the author as an American principle?A．Equality of man.B．Moral rightness as American policy decisions.C．Man's capacity to become perfect.D．The inviolability(不可侵犯) of the individual's integrity.Text 4The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday."We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their peers(同等人) tended to think that they did rather well,"Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills-logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor-people who essentially were inept (无能的；愚蠢的) never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion (欺骗), the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely(愉快地；快活地) unaware of the problem.This was especially true in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based + often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed(搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning."You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look attheir performance," Dunning added.( )23．Why do incompetent people rarely know they are inept?A．They are too inept to know what competence is.B．They are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor.C．They lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically.D．They have some ability to over criticize themselves.( )24．Which of the following statement is NOT true, according to the passage?A． Students at Cornell University often rated themselves-highly even when they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test.B．Grammar was an area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence.C． Participants in the test estimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.D．Students scored better on a logical reasoning test but rated themselves lower.( )25．What do you know about "above-average effect" based on the passage?A．Most Americans assess themselves as above average.B．American doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses.C．American gun enthusiasts thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.D．All of the above.Part BDirections: Read the following text carefully and then give short answers to the five questions.Both in America and Britain there is an eagerness on the part of TV executives to play down the importance of the small screen, except,of course, in the field of selling goods.This desire to minimize the social impact of TV is perfectly natural. If it could be conclusively proved that the electronic box was amajor factor in determining the attitudes and the values of a nation then two awkward questions would have to be answered.Is it right that a medium that has such influence should be primarily concerned with the provision of entertainment and the advertising of goods?And an even more embarrassing question people might ask is whetherthe men now running TV have the authority, the understanding or the intelligence to be in control of such a vital part of the state apparatus.Because it is disrupting and disturbing life on almost every level in America and Britain, and because it is largely indulged in by what might be described as the first "telly generation", violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequencesof TV.There are other even more important trends that might be stimulatedor provoked by the program content of TV.The demoralization of institutions like the army, the law, the church; the contempt for authority, a healthy skepticism and a welcome permissiveness; an over-simplification of complex issues which makes an electorate (选民) impatient with a political process that cannot solve them. How much is TV responsible? And that these trends are helping to change society at a unprecedented rate can hardly be denied.Because the impact of these changes is relatively long-term and not easily pinpointed, there is a vast depth of unconcern about these developments.On violence, however, there is an intuitive suspicion that TV might have something to do with it. Yet the men running TV have gone to considerable lengths to assure us that we are unduly alarmed about nothing.26． In order to avoid the repetitions of the word "television", what other nouns does the author use? Please list at least four.27．Can you use another word in this passage to take the place of "play down" in para. 1 ?28．Why are TV executives in America and Britain eager to play down the importance of TV?29．Why do people believe that TV has something to do with increasing violence?30．What is the author's attitude toward the argument over TV's influence?Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: In this section there is a text in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese.Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (31) But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy's vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories.Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and are expected to generate halfof all new jobs between now and the year 2000．Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200, 000 entrepreneursstriking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. (32) Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor(欣赏) the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. Accordingto Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive.(33) Most credited their success in large' part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviouslycritical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm's health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or ofdecaying profitability. (34) They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually toofar gone to save.Frequent checks of your firm's vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. (35) To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideas.Section Ⅳ WritingPart ADirections: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s) , and making an apology.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address.Part BDirections: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled What is More Important, Wealth or Health? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be about 150 words.Outline :1．有人认为财富比健康重要。