英语每日一练

英语每日一练【英语每日一练（51）】This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.【词汇突破】discrimination：歧视alphabet：字母表【主干识别】This refers to discrimination against those加定语从句【其他成分】for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage：插入语，可改写为：for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet理解起来会方便很多；as yet至今；whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet定语从句。

【微观解析】若是对于句中的插入语理解起来有困难，不妨试着改变它的句式结构，将长定语还原为定语从句，而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，使文章的句式更加灵活多变。

【难点揭秘】较长插入语的出现会混淆视听，不容易把握主干。

【译文赏析】对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视【英语每日一练（52）】From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic andpopulist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.（【词汇突破】democratic：民主的populist：平民主义的【主干识别:】our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句【其他成分】says Hofstadter插入语；our democratic and populist urges have driven us to…可提炼出sth has drive n sb to do… 这个句型；that smells of elitism定语从句，修饰anything。

（注意smell的介词搭配）【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变为Hofstadter aid ,”From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges havedriven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。

”这样的由直接引语构成的宾语从句会降低句子的难度【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。

【译文赏析】Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西【英语每日一练（53）】The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, apioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supportingglobal warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences ofindustrial growth.【词汇突破】depletion：消耗（consume的同义替换词）ozone layer:臭氧层（碰到这种专业词汇不要慌张，判断出它是一个名词即可）【主干识别】the enemies are those 加定语从句、【其他成分】argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University插入语，相当于上一句中的says Hofstadter，of Stanford University做定语修饰Paul Ehrllch；a pioneer of environmental studies：插入语；who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth定语从句修饰those。

【微观解析】a pioneer of environmental studies插入语，改写为who is a pioneer of environmental studies就可以很快判断出它是修饰Paul Ehrllch的，而并非是句子的主语。

定语从句中supporting global warming作evidence的定语（仍旧是修饰形式的变化）。

【难点揭秘】在这个句子中，关于Paul Ehrllch的修饰成分作为插入语造成了主干隔离。

句子的后半部分，定语从句中修饰evidence的定语以非谓语的形式出现。

另外由于插入语的存在可能会导致判断主语的失误从而句意理解错误。

【译文赏析】环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗61厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。

【英语每日一练（54）】Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.主干识别：tools and technology have been ignored.其他成分：over the years 状语themselves 反身代词作同位语as a source of fundamental innovation 定语by historians and philosopher 状语翻译点拨：定语前置：作为基本发明源泉的工具和技术本身；词的处理：philosophers of science科学哲学家/科学思想家参考译文：多年来，作为基本发明源泉的工具和技术本身在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们所忽视了。

|【英语每日一练（55）】Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.主干识别：Galileo's greatest glory was that （主句主干）he was the first person to prove that （从句主干）the planets revolve around the sun (从句主干）其他成分：to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that （定语）（turn ...on... to prove(目的状语）...）rather than around the earth（我们很熟悉的rather than做状语）翻译点拨：中文到英文，如果表语较短的时候没有必要遵守英文中的主系表结构：他是第一个人，就直接翻译为：“他第一个将”就可以了。

he is the one who invented the telephone. 可以翻译为：他发明了电话= 他是发明电话的那个人。

参考译文：伽利略最大的辉煌就是在1609年的时候，他第一个将新发明的望远镜对准了天空，去证明了行星是围绕着太阳而不是地球转动的。

【英语每日一练（56）】Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.主干识别：Whether+主语从句depends on the issue其他成分：the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（主语从句）of which is seen as the driving 短语of + which 引导的宾语句子"翻译点拨：先翻译主语从句，再用代词“这”代替；词的处理：increase the financing of pure science 增加对纯理论科学的经费投入at the expense of technology 减少对技术经费的投入the driving force 动力，驱动力量the issue of 可以不翻译：比较两种翻法：1.哪一方被看做是驱动力的问题 2.那一方面被看做是驱动力第二种更加符合中文的表达。

政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

【英语每日一练（57）】The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users.主干识别：The target is wrong其他成分：for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users.（原因状语）for +状语从句；in attacking the tests 状语从句中的状语；critics divert attention from the fault.(状语从句的主句）that lies with illinformed or incompetent users 定语从句修饰fault;翻译点拨：词汇的处理：divert attention from... divert attention from... 原义是把注意力引开，反译为没有注意到；lies with在于illinformed or incompetent users 不甚了解或使用不当的使用者；初步可以翻译为：这个目标是错的，因为批评者在攻击测试的时候，没有注意到在于这个错误，这个错误在于不甚了解或使用不当的使用者。