英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)ppt课件
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英语句子成分讲解超级详细ppt课件
这个计划证明是可行的。 _T_h_e_p_l_an__tu_r_n_ed__o_u_t/_pr_o_v_e_d_（_t_o_b_e_)_p_r_a_c_tic_a_l_. ________.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need know whae should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
《英语句子成份》PPT课件
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补） 1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。 2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色 3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子 无人居住。 5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？ 6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去 7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那 辆公共汽车。
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red.
他的脸红了。
There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，
不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，
▪ 形容词作定语： ▪ The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）
/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 ▪ Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 ▪ There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 ▪ 数词作定语相当于形容词： ▪ Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 ▪ The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 ▪ There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 ▪ 代词或名词所有格作定语： ▪ His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 ▪ His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)(课堂PPT)
11
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
英语句子结构分析1.句子成分ppt课件
❖ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常 帮我做功课) /
❖ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步 说明它的情况。
❖ 如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数 词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从
pronunciation. ❖ ④ How many new words did you learn last
class? ❖ ⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming.
❖
his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
可编辑课件
9
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行 为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的 后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
2024届高考英语复习：句子成分课件(共74张PPT)
试卷讲评课件
例如: I happened to meet him on my way back. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇见了他。(半助动词+不定式) Passengers may not take any photo during flight. 飞行期间,旅客不得拍照。(情态动词+动词原形)
She was determined to find out who was responsible for this. 她决意弄清楚谁该对此事负责。(be+形容词+不定式) She is known to be a good teacher. 大家都称她是一位优秀教师。(动词被动式+不定式)
二、复合谓语
试卷讲评课件
复合谓语有多种结构,包括: 半助动词+不定式( appear to do, seem to do, happen to do 等); 情态动词+动词原形; be+形容词+不定式(be about to do , be determined to do, be ready to do 等); 动词被动式+不定式/现在分词/过去分词(be known to be, be found to do, be kept doing 等); used to+动词; 连系动词+表语。
Point 2、 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,通常由动词或短语动 词充当。谓语有人称和数的变化,可分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。
一、简单谓语
试卷讲评课件
由一个动词或短语动词构成。 例如: The car parks operate a pay-as-you-leave system. 这些停车场按“离开时付费”的模式运作。(实义动词) Don't take on too much work-the extra cash isn't worth it. 不要太卖命了--多挣那点钱不值得。(动词短语)
英语句子成分讲解清晰PPT课件
, 时le间a状v语ing
only
•
The students
dancing.
came
into
the
classroom,
s i n g i n原目g因的状状a n语语d
• If he goes, so will I . • Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
结果状语
• 这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.
The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.
The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.
第11页/共21页
2．主语 + 谓语 1）Building has started.
主语 谓语 2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语 • ______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
动词副词The child walks ver y slowly. • _____搭配： The girl looked at the picture.
数词
• Those who want to go to Tibet are to sig形n容t词h/e序i数r 词na/tomdeos不h定e式re.
现在分词 doing
to do 不定式
从句
第5页/共21页
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条
件、让步、伴随情况等。
• The best fish swim near the bottom.
英语句子成分分析分析解析(课堂PPT)(2024版)
6. I prefer my coffee hot.
7. Don’t worry about me; just take care of yourself.
8. You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.
与全句没有什 么语法关系， 有感叹词、肯 定与否定的答 语、插入语、 呼语等
常用词 例句 类
名词、 I find the book very boring. 形容词, 分词, 不定式 介词短 语等
名词、 This is Mr. Li, our 数词、 headmaster. 代词或 The news that he is ill 从句 worries us.
2024/11/13
14
主动语态变成被动语态后, 宾语补足语变成主补.
I last saw him playing near the river. →He was seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating →in the exam.
machine off. ● She wondered why Jim was so angry
with her.
2024/11/13
13
㈤宾语补足语
We must keep it a secret.
I found the book interesting.
Please keep the dog out.
The student was caught cheating in the exam.
We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor.
初中英语句子成分讲解及练习 PPT课件 图文
Sunday.（介词短语） 4.When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数 词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词 或短语等。
单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 1.The black bike is mine.（形容词） 2.What’s your name?（代词） 3.They make paper flowers.（名词）
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或 “是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名 词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 2.He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定
(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
小练习
请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking
into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son? 5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数 词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词 或短语等。
单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 1.The black bike is mine.（形容词） 2.What’s your name?（代词） 3.They make paper flowers.（名词）
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或 “是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名 词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 2.He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定
(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
小练习
请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking
into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son? 5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)ppt课件
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The prt (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。
主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
– To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。
主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
– To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
go swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
《英语句子成分》PPT课件
The relationship between sentence components
Subject predicate relationship
The relationship between the subject and predicate, indicating the relationship between the action executor and the action itself.
and omitted components
01 Overview of English Sentence Elements
Definition and Function
Definition
English sentence components refer to the various parts that make up an English sentence, each of which plays a different role in the sentence and together form the complete meaning of the sentence.
Tense consistency
The subject and predicate must be consistent in tense, that is, the present tense subject uses the present tense predicate, and the past tense subject uses the past tense predicate, etc.
Function
The object plays an indispensable role in English sentences by taking action and indicating the object or result of the action.
《英语句子成分》优秀课件PPT课件
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( 争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( 谁要来还不确定。)
二、谓语
Predicate:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常 由_动__词___ 充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系 动词,情态动词和助动词.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子 中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡， 避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置 于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时 it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得 翻译下列句子吗？
8.She works very hard though she is old.
（让步状语）
9.I am taller than he is. （比较状语）
七、补语
• Complement是用于补充说明主语或宾语的 身份或特征。
Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） He is called Jack.（主补）
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
great care. （方式状语）
二、谓语
Predicate:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常 由_动__词___ 充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系 动词,情态动词和助动词.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子 中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡， 避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置 于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时 it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得 翻译下列句子吗？
8.She works very hard though she is old.
（让步状语）
9.I am taller than he is. （比较状语）
七、补语
• Complement是用于补充说明主语或宾语的 身份或特征。
Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） He is called Jack.（主补）
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
great care. （方式状语）
高考英语语法专项课件 句子成分、结构和种类 (85页PPT)+练习(含答案)
句子成分
（2）复合谓语
复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词＋动词”“ 系动词＋表语”构成。
【例句】
eg：He can speak English very well. 他英语说得很好。ppy. 他似乎不高兴。
句子成分
3．表语
表语与系动词一起构成复合谓语，用 以说明主语 的性质、特征、状态或身份。表 语可由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、 分词、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）、 介词短语或从句等充当。
句子成分、结构和种类
【备考2023】高考专项语法
目录
目录
Table Of Contents
01
02
03
04
句子成分
句子结构
句子种类
练习
句子成分
Part 01
句子成分
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语 、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等。主语和谓语是句 子的主体部分，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句 子的次要部分。
【例词】
d r e a m a terrible dream
做一个噩梦 die a glorious death 光荣牺牲
④同源宾语
同源宾语指少数不及物动词后，由名词担任的能重复动词部 分或全部意思的同源名词，名词前常有修饰语。
【例词】
smile a gentle smile 微微一笑 sing a sweet song 唱一首甜美的歌
句子成分
1．主语
主语是句子叙述的主体， 是谓语所表示的动作或状态的 执行者。主语可由名词（短语 ）、代词、数词、不定式（短 语）、动名词（短语）或从句 等充当。
【例句】
英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)
on the left. • ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. • ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
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主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
(4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time.
主
谓
时间状语
(5) The first solution appeared easy,
主
谓
表/主补
8
(6) the problem remained.
主
谓
(7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
6
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is timeconsuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
5
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主谓
表/主补
定
(8) they want instant answer.
主谓
宾
(9) They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）.
主
谓
宾
宾补
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
Hale Waihona Puke – To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
英语句子成分
1
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语 – 谓语动词 – 宾语 – 补足语
• 修饰成分
– 状语 （用来修饰动词 [状语修饰对象不限于动词]） – 定语（用来修饰名词）
2
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成分
直接宾语
谓语成分
宾语 补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 （表语）
宾语补足语
7
(1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。
主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
定语 （修饰名词）
修饰成分
状语（修饰动词）
3
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
属性
名词性的 动词性的 名词性的或形容词性的 副词性的 形容词性的
4
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语