模拟试题一 - 答案
国开大学-经济学基础模拟题一(试题及答案)
经济基础模拟题(一)一、填空题1.影响供给弹性的最重要的因素是时间2.替代效应使价格上升的商品需求量减少,收入效应使价格上升的商品需求量减少。
3.在经济萧条时期,应该采用宽松的货币政策;在经济繁荣时期,应该采用紧缩的货币政策。
4.在正常情况下,会计利润正常利润经济利润。
5.自然失业率是衡量自然失业状况的指数,可以用自然失业人数之比来表示。
6.当边际效用为增加时,总效用是增加的;当边际效用为零时,总效用达到最大;当边际效用为负数时,总效用减少。
7.在开放经济中,出口的增加会使均衡的国内生产总值增加,贸易收支状况改善。
8.对个别企业来说,只有在完全竞争市场上,平均收益、边际收益与价格才相等。
9.根据等产量线与等成本线相结合的分析,生产要素最适组合之点一定是等产量线与等成本线的等产量线与等成本线相切之点,这时就是既定成本下产量最大或者既定产量下成本最小。
10.长期中存在的失业称为自然失业,短期中存在的失业是周期性失业。
二、单项选择题11.凯恩斯所说的需求拉上的通货膨胀发生的条件是:(资源得到了充分利用,而总需求仍然在增加)12.需求定理意味着,在其他条件不变的情况下:(随着汽车价格上升,汽车需求量将减少)13.在以下四种政策工具中,属于需求管理的是(C.货币政策)14.当咖啡的价格急剧升高时,在其他条件不变的情况下,对茶叶的需求将:C.增加15.市场经济中价格机制做不到的是;(D.实现全社会文明程度的提高)16.能够做到薄利多销的商品是(需求富有弹性)的商品17.在完全竞争市场上,长期均衡的条件是:(D.MR=MC,AR=AC)18.经济学家认为,利润推动的通货膨胀的根源在于:(企业的垄断)19.经济学研究方法中的实证方法:(主要研究“是什么”的问题)20.凯恩斯主义所重视的政策工具是:(A.需求管理)21.在以下四种情况中,可称为通货膨胀的是:(价格总水平上升而且持续了一定时期)22.已知X商品的价格为5元,Y商品的价格为2元。
长安大学道路工程材料模拟试题及答案一
筛孔 9.5 (mm) 筛余质量(g) 分计筛余(%) 累计筛余(%) 通过率(%) 0 0 0 100 35 7 7 93 25 5 12 88 70 14 26 74 160 32 58 42 105 21 79 21 80 16 95 5 25 5 100 0 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 底盘
9.沥青混合料随沥青用量的增加而出现峰值的物理力学指标是 A.马歇尔稳定度 C.空隙率 10.钢材的冷弯性能表示钢材的 A.塑性 C.内部结构的缺陷状况 三、判断题(10 分) 1.不同级配的砂可能会有相同的细度模数。 B.流值 D.饱和度 。 B.抗疲劳性能 D.低温性能
。
( )
2.在水泥混凝土中粗细集料的分界尺寸为 2.36mm,在沥青混合料中,粗细集料的分界尺 寸为 4.75mm。 3.同一种材料的毛体积密度要大于其表观密度。 4.采用冻融劈裂试验方法评价沥青混合料的低温性能。 ( ) ( ) ( )
Mf
(12 26 58 79 95) 5 7 270 35 2.53 100 7 93
3
2.在进行某水泥砼配合比设计时,其单位用水量 W =180 ㎏/ m ,水灰比 W/C = 0.5,砂率βs = 32%, 假设水泥混凝土的表观密度为 2400 ㎏/ m 。 分别按密度法与体积法计算出初步配合Leabharlann 。两项试验的测试结果对不同
下的质量。
B.全部闭口孔隙体积 D.全部空隙体积 用于评价沥青混合料水稳定性。 B.冻融劈裂试验 D.蠕变试验
B.针入度越小 D.更适宜在环境温度偏高的地区使用
指标不合格时,在工程中仍然可以酌情考虑使用。 B.初凝时间
C.强度
D.安定性 。
数据库模拟试题1(含答案)
模拟试题1一. 单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.在文件系统中,所具有的数据独立性是[ ] A .系统独立性 B .物理独立性C .逻辑独立性D .设备独立性2.数据库系统中存放三级结构定义的DB 称为[ ]A .DBSB .DDC .DDLD .DBMS 3.设有关系R(A,B,C)和关系S(B,C,D),那么与R ⋈S 等价的关系代数表达式[]A .σ1=5(R ⋈S )B .σ1=5(R ×S )C .σ1=2(R ⋈S )D .σ1=2(R ×S )4.与域表达式 { ab | (c) (R(ac) ∧ R(cb))} 等价的关系代数表达式是[ ] A .π1,4(σ2=3(R ×R ))B .π1,3(R ⋈R )C .π1,4(R ⋈R )D .π1,3(R ⋈S )5.设有两个关系R (A ,B )和S (B ,C ),与下列SELECT 语句SELECT A ,BFROM RWHERE B NOT IN (SELECT BFROM SWHERE C='C56');等价的关系代数表达式是[ ] A .πA ,B (σC ≠'C56'(R ⋈S ))B .πA ,B (R ⋈ S )C .R -πA ,B (σC= 'C56'(R ⋈S ))D .R -πA ,B (σC ≠'C56'(R ⋈S )) 6.嵌入式SQL 的预处理方式,是指[ ]A .识别出SQL 语句,加上前缀标识和结束标志B .把嵌入的SQL 语句处理成函数调用形式C .对源程序进行格式化处理D .把嵌入的SQL 语句编译成目标程序7.设关系模式R (A ,B ,C ,D ),F 是R 上成立的FD 集,F={ B →D ,AD →C },那么ρ={ ABC ,BCD }相对于F [ ]A .是无损联接分解,也是保持FD 的分解B .是无损联接分解,但不保持FD 的分解C .不是无损联接分解,但保持FD 的分解D .既不是无损联接分解,也不保持FD 的分解8.设有关系模式R (A ,B ,C ,D ),F 是R 上成立的FD 集,F={A→B ,C→D },C ≠'C56' 2=12=3则F+中左部为(BC)的函数依赖有[ ] A.2个B.4个C.8个D.16个9.有12个实体类型,并且它们之间存在着15个不同的二元联系,其中4个是1:1联系类型,5个是1:N联系类型,6个M:N联系类型,那么根据转换规则,这个ER结构转换成的关系模式有[ ] A.17个B.18个C.23个D.27个10.DBMS的并发控制子系统,保证了事务__________的实现[ ] A.原子性B.一致性C.隔离性D.持久性11.SQL中不一定能保证完整性约束彻底实现的是[ ] A.主键约束B.外键约束C.局部约束D.检查子句12.ORDB中,同类元素的有序集合,并且允许一个成员可多次出现,称为[ ]A.结构类型B.集合类型C.数组类型D.多集类型13.在ORDB中,当属性值为单值或结构值时,引用方式任和传统的关系模型一样,在层次之间加[ ] A.冒号“:”B.单箭头“→”C.下划线“_”D.圆点“.”14.某一种实际存在的事物具有看来好像不存在的性质,称为[ ]A.不存在性B.虚拟性C.无关性D.透明性15.DDBS中,全局关系与其片段之间的映象是[ ] A.一对一的B.一对多的C.多对一的D.多对多的二.填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)16.关系模型和层次、网状模型最大差别是用___________而不是用___________导航数据。
高一数学模拟试题及答案
高一数学模拟试题及答案一、选择题(每题4分,共40分)1. 下列哪个选项不是实数集合R的子集?A. 整数集合ZB. 有理数集合QC. 无理数集合D. 复数集合C2. 函数f(x) = 2x + 3的值域是:A. (-∞, +∞)B. [3, +∞)C. (-∞, 3]D. [0, +∞)3. 如果a和b是方程x^2 - 4x + 4 = 0的两个根,那么a + b的值是:A. 0B. 2C. 4D. 84. 已知点A(3, 4)和点B(6, 8),线段AB的长度是:A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 55. 以下哪个不等式是正确的?A. |-3| > 3B. |-3| < 3C. |-3| = 3D. |-3| ≠ 36. 圆的标准方程为(x - 1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 25,圆心坐标是:A. (1, 2)B. (-1, -2)C. (2, 1)D. (-2, -1)7. 函数y = sin(x)的周期是:A. πB. 2πC. 3πD. 4π8. 已知等差数列的首项a1 = 3,公差d = 2,第5项a5的值是:A. 7B. 9C. 11D. 139. 以下哪个是二次方程x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0的解?A. x = 2B. x = 3C. x = 4D. x = 610. 已知三角形ABC的三边长分别为a = 3,b = 4,c = 5,根据余弦定理,角A的余弦值是:A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 1/6二、填空题(每题3分,共15分)11. 圆的面积公式为πr^2,其中r是圆的______。
12. 函数y = 3x - 2的反函数是______。
13. 已知等比数列的首项a1 = 2,公比q = 3,第3项a3的值是______。
14. 根据勾股定理,直角三角形的斜边长为c,两直角边长分别为a和b,那么c^2 = ______。
15. 已知向量\(\vec{a}\) = (2, 3),向量\(\vec{b}\) = (4, -1),向量\(\vec{a}\)与向量\(\vec{b}\)的数量积是______。
期中模拟试题一2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语九年级上册(含答案)
九年级上学期期中综合能力评估试题(一)一、选择填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
( )1. Among the subjects, I like________best and I do well in it. I think it is interesting to do kinds of experiments.A. PhysicsB. BiologyC. ChemistryD. Geography( )2._______Millie her sister enjoy watching The Reader because they can learn about Chinese culture through it.A. Both; andB.Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also( )3.Some novels didn't become famous ______ they were made into films, while some famous novels have never been made into films.A. whileB.afterC.untilD.whenever( )4. China successfully launched Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft(发射神舟十六号载人飞船) on 30th May this year. This means that China has achieved new______in developing manned spacecrafts.A. trustB. peaceC. praiseD. progress( )5. It is wise of us to think twice before we make a(n)_____. Because once it is made, we shouldn't change it.A. victoryB. decisionC. suggestionD.achievement( )6.Xu Yuanchong, one of China's most famous translators, died at the age of 100. He left us with more than one hundred translated works, all very ________ to mankind.A. ancientB. naturalC. powerfulD.valuable( )7.---What do you think of “tang ping (躺平)”?---Well, I think it is important for young people to be____themselves and work hard.A. angry withB. strict withC. curious aboutD. worried about( )8. When you have made up your mind to do a thing, you shouldn't doubt_____you can do it or not.A.whyB.whatC. whereD. whether( )9. Tina misses her family very much. She ________with her parents several times since she _______here.A. video chatted; arrivedB. video chatted; has arrivedC. has video chatted; arrivedD. has video chatted; has arrived( )10.---Hello, Henry! Can I see Mr Smith? ---________.I'll tell him you are here.A. My pleasureB. Sounds like fun.C. Sorry to hear thatD. Just a minute二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
考研英语模拟试题1及答案
考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides[C] Despite [D] Throughout2.[A] connected [B] restricted[C] equal [D] inferior3.[A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5.[A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6.[A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8.[A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9.[A] calculated [B] denied[C] doubted [D] imagined10.[A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15.[A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of[C] in the way of [D] in the name of17.[A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18.[A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20.[A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is thatairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大,有迹象表明:在可预见的未来,英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
广东省大亚湾区2024届高三联合模拟(一)语文试题及答案解析
广东省大亚湾区2024届高三联合模拟(一)语文试题及答案解析本卷共10页,23小题,满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和准考证号填写在答题卡上,将条形码横贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题5小题,共19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
西汉长安城在秦都咸阳渭南宫室及上林苑的基础上修建起来,后来陆续建设了七座具有卫星城性质之陵邑,汉长安城也成为横跨渭河南北的大都市。
汉长安城大体以安门大街为中轴线。
据考古学者秦建明勘察测量,通过安门大街的中轴线向南延伸至子午谷口,向北延伸至汉高祖长陵两座封土中点、清峪河(也称“清河”)大回转,直至天井岸村天齐祠遗址,总长74千米。
这条基线与真子午线的夹角误差仅为±1度,与我国大地原点仅相差2分经度左右。
隋都大兴城平面近方形,单边城墙约九公里,规模巨大;东西南三面城墙均设三门。
在城市形态与“旁三门”等方面基本符合《考工记》,同时以南北向朱雀大街为轴线,具有“中轴对称”的布局特点。
大兴城由宫城、皇城与外郭城组成,宫城在都城北部正中,东有东宫,西有掖庭宫,如同双翼东西护卫。
皇城位于宫城南面,是宗庙和军政机构所在地,其中太庙与太社位居东南与西南,以符“左祖右社”之制。
郭城正中为朱雀大街,宽达150米,是当时世界城市中最长的中轴线,又称“天街”。
朱雀门东西各有五条街道,沿街的里坊数目东西基本相等。
2025年高考(新高考)模拟试卷英语试题(一)(含听力音频和答案)
2025年高考(新高考)模拟试题卷英语听力音频 双击收听.mp3本试卷共12页,考试用时150分钟,满分150分;广东省考生无需答听力部分,考试用时120分钟,满分120分。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1.What does the woman think of the movie?A.It’s amusing B.It’s exciting C.It’s disappointing 2.How will Susan spend most of her time in France?A.Traveling around B.Studying at a school C.Looking after her aunt 3.What are the speakers talking about?A.Going out B.Ordering drinks C.Preparing for a party 4.Where are the speakers?A.In a classroom B.In a library C.In a bookstore 5.What is the man going to do?A.Go on the Internet B.Make a phone call C.Take a train trip第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
广东省珠海市2025届高三第一次模拟考试语文试题及答案解析
广东省珠海市2025届高三第一次模拟考试语文试题一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:追溯人类早期秩序建立的过程,“命名”无疑是其中至关重要的一环。
《释名》云:“名,明也,名实事,使分明也。
”凡事凡物皆须有名,有了名称方可识别归类,此为秩序的开端。
因此,给事物命名在古人看来绝非小事。
《尚书·吕刑》谈及远古时期尧初建社会秩序,派诸官分掌各项事务,大禹命名山川即其中重要举措之一。
反映早期先民观念意识的《山海经》对事物命名也很有兴趣。
《山海经》叙述山林川泽、飞禽走兽以及异域地产,皆用“名曰xx”或“其名曰xx”句式。
如《南山经》的招摇山,“有草焉……其名曰祝余”“有木焉,其名曰迷榖”。
在这种“命名识物”的叙述技法下,花木鸟兽、人种国度——被赋予名号,书中荒诞驳杂的内容因此显得秩序井然。
不仅如此,《山海经》在为事物命名时也表现出早期文化的一些特点。
人类早期对自然声音的辨识力和敏感度极高。
《山海经》一书记载虫鱼鸟兽时经常描摹声音,诸如“其音如狗吠”“音如婴儿”等。
鸟兽跳跃奔伏,物状难辨,故以音别之,专门通过鸟兽本身的叫声给其命名。
在此意义上,命名即为识物。
除了以声音名物之外,还有些物怪依据活动场所来命名,如《庄子·达生》曰:“水有罔象,丘有峷,野有彷徨,山有夔,泽有委蛇。
”这种命名物怪的方式通常没有特指某个固定对象,而是类的称呼,条件限定也欠严密。
这些名称显示出早期先民“命名识物”思维中较为朴素而直接的状态。
即认为“名”与其所指事物差不多对等。
名字确定,“物”的性质、界限方才清晰,此即为重视命名、以辨名来识物的认知模式。
《周礼》论及周王朝设官分职状况,其中职官大都有辨析“名物”的职责。
从内涵来看,周礼之“名物”既有物类自然属性的区分,亦包含抽象伦理象征意义之建构。
如“司服”职掌九种吉服,不同吉服各有相应的使用场合,承载着诸多象征意义。
驾驶证f证考试科目一模拟试题及答案
驾驶证f证考试科目一模拟试题及答案驾驶证F证考试科目一模拟试题及答案一、单选题1. 根据《道路交通安全法》,驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶,最高时速不得超过多少公里?A. 120公里B. 100公里C. 80公里D. 60公里答案:A2. 机动车驾驶证有效期满后,需要在多长时间内申请换证?A. 30日内B. 60日内C. 90日内D. 180日内答案:C3. 驾驶摩托车时,以下哪个行为是正确的?A. 单手驾驶B. 双手离开车把C. 戴安全头盔D. 边驾驶边使用手机答案:C二、多选题4. 下列哪些情况需要立即停车?A. 发现车辆有故障B. 遇到交通事故C. 遇到交通管制D. 遇到行人过马路答案:A, B, C5. 驾驶摩托车时,以下哪些行为是违法的?A. 酒后驾驶B. 超载C. 未戴安全头盔D. 未按规定使用转向灯答案:A, B, C, D三、判断题6. 驾驶摩托车时,可以不戴安全头盔。
答案:错误7. 驾驶摩托车在高速公路上行驶时,可以随意变道。
答案:错误8. 驾驶摩托车在夜间行驶时,应使用近光灯。
答案:正确四、填空题9. 驾驶摩托车时,应保持车距,以确保安全。
在高速公路上行驶时,车距应保持在____米以上。
答案:10010. 驾驶摩托车时,遇到交通信号灯为红灯时,应____。
答案:停车等待五、简答题11. 请简述驾驶摩托车在雨天行驶时应注意的事项。
答案:在雨天行驶时,应注意减速慢行,保持车距,避免急刹车,确保视线清晰,使用雨刮器,并注意路面湿滑情况。
12. 请简述驾驶摩托车在夜间行驶时应注意的事项。
答案:在夜间行驶时,应注意使用近光灯,保持车距,避免使用远光灯影响对向车辆驾驶员视线,注意行人和非机动车,减速慢行,并随时准备应对突发情况。
e听说模拟试题1答案
e听说模拟试题1答案一、听力理解部分1. A) 根据录音内容,第1题的正确答案是A。
录音中提到了“Todayis a sunny day, perfect for a picnic.” 这表明天气晴朗,适合野餐。
2. B) 第2题的正确答案是B。
录音中提到了“Due to the heavy rain, the flight has been cancelled.” 这说明由于大雨,航班被取消了。
3. C) 第3题的正确答案是C。
录音中提到了“After the meeting,we will have a team dinner.” 这表明会议结束后将有团队晚餐。
4. D) 第4题的正确答案是D。
录音中提到了“Unfortunately, the project deadline has been extended.” 这表明项目截止日期被延长了。
5. A) 第5题的正确答案是A。
录音中提到了“Please make sure to submit your report by Friday.” 这要求在周五前提交报告。
6-10. 接下来的5个问题,根据录音内容,正确答案分别是B, C, A, D, B。
这些题目涉及对对话或叙述的理解,需要仔细听录音中的细节。
二、口语表达部分1. 根据题目要求,第1题的口语表达可以是:“I'd like to invite you to my birthday party next Saturday.” 这句话邀请对方参加下周六的生日派对。
2. 第2题的口语表达可以是:“The meeting is scheduled for 3 PM in the conference room.” 这句话说明了会议的时间和地点。
3. 第3题的口语表达可以是:“We need to discuss the budget for the upcoming project.” 这句话提出了需要讨论即将到来的项目预算。
广西北海市2024届高三第一次模拟考试语文试题及参考答案
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。
材料一:需要承认的是,面对新时代人民对于美好生活的更高要求,当前的现实题材创作与时代发展大潮之间仍然存在一定的差距。
现实题材创作不同程度上存在着观念滞后和思想僵化的问题。
部分现实题材创作仍然停留在对现实生活照相式、不加剪裁的机械照搬,停留在新闻素材的自然呈现,而非作者主体介入后对于客观社会生活的能动反映上。
这使得现实题材创作滑向自然主义写作,不能真实反映人民生产生活的生动现状和人民喜怒哀乐的复杂情感。
同时也由于一部分创作者对现实题材创作还存在误解,回避或放弃现实关注,偏向于写作技艺上的单独用力,使创作渐渐偏离现实生活,或者出现对现实生活聚焦不准甚至扭曲的现象。
现实题材创作不同程度上存在着理论上的模糊认识和生活窄化倾向。
有人认为现实题材创作就是问题式写作,从而以偏概全,只见树木不见森林,创作上先入为主,撇开真实的现实状况,而始终以有色眼镜看待生活。
有人只见光明不见曲折,一味拔高,悖逆真正的现实主义精神,使现实题材创作流于浮泛、浅薄,失去打动人心的思想内涵与艺术魅力。
现实题材创作不同程度上存在着创新不足和艺术手法老化的现象。
或混淆现实题材与现实主义两个概念,或长期以来对现实主义的理解过于狭隘,无视现实主义的发展性、广阔性和再生性,导致现实题材作品显得面目老旧、风格单一、魅力不足。
叙事上的粗糙和艺术上的懒惰,极大阻碍了现实题材创作的内在创新。
(摘编自何向阳《现实题材文学创作的逻辑起点与最终归宿》)材料二:能把现实题材文学作品写好,熟悉生活肯定是第一位的。
三生三笑介绍:“在写网文之前,我进过外企,当过村官,做过图书馆馆员,既在一线城市最顶尖的甲级写字楼坐过班,也在粤西最贫困的山区量过青苗。
”她表示,正因为有了这样丰富的经历,对现实生活特别熟悉,所以产生了创作现实题材作品的动力,短短几年间就写出了四五本反映基层生活的现实题材文学作品。
《国际贸易概论》模拟试题一(含答案)
国际贸易概论》模拟试题一、 单项选择题(将正确答案的字母代号写在答题纸上;每小题 1 分,共 16分) 1. ( ) 是指商品生产国与商品消费国进行买卖商品的行为。
A 双边贸易 B 直接贸易 C 无形贸易D有形贸易2. 资本主义国家征收关税税率,一般是 ( )3.( ) 是指将本国的商品和劳务向外国输出。
A 进口贸易 B 出口贸易 C 世界贸易D过境贸易4.( ) 是以本币或国际通用的美元所表示的一国一定时期内出口贸易额与进口贸易额的总和。
A. 对外贸易额B. 对外贸易量C. 对外贸易差额 5.通过提高商品的价格来达到减少进口的目的,这种贸易保护政策是( )。
A 进口关税B进口配额C 自愿出口限制D 技术性贸易壁垒6.( ) 是一国对通过其关境的外国货物所征收的关税。
A. 进口税B.出口税 C. 过境税D.转口税7.出口直接补贴的形式是()。
A 提供给厂商低息贷款B 退还或减免出口商品的直接税C 超额退还间接税D 给予厂商现金补贴8.( ) 当某种国内生产的产品的国内价格高于同类进口商品的价格时,为削弱进口商品的竞争能力,保护国内工业和市场而征收的一种附加关税。
A. 反倾销税B.反补贴税C.差额税D.普通税9.征税方法又叫 ( ) 。
A 征税标准B征税依据A.对原料的进口征收高关税B. 对半成品的进口征收高关税C.对工业制成品的进口征收高关税D.对消费性的奢侈品征收高关税D. 国际贸易额C 征税目标D 征税原则是指进口国规定某些商品进口必须事先领取许可证,才可进口,否则一律不准进口的一10.( )种限制进口的措施。
A. 进口配额制B. 进口许可证C. 自动的出口限制D. 绝对配额11.市场经济一体化中最低级、最松散的一种形式是( ) 。
A 关税同盟B 自由贸易区C经济同盟 D 优惠贸易安排12.( ) 是出口国银行或金融机构向本国出口厂商提供的出口信贷。
A. 买方信贷B. 卖方信贷C. 中期信贷D.双边信贷13.进出口商品经过一国的关境时海关向进出口商征收的税叫( ) 。
2024年全国1卷高考语文模拟试题及答案
2024年全国1卷高考语文模拟试题及答案2024年全国1卷高考语文模拟试题及答案一、选择题1、下列词语中,字形和读音全部正确的一项是:()A. 订正、汲取教训、锲而不舍、撒手锏B. 修茸、一筹莫展、越俎代庖、狙击手C. 针砭、明察秋毫、咎由自取、口头禅D. 矍铄、言简意赅、气冲霄汉、洗脚婢2、下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:()A. 我们既要传承传统文化,又要与时俱进,以适应新的时代环境。
B. 大量的事实告诉我们,环境恶化导致生物灭绝,人类要善待大自然。
C. 有关部门高度重视人民的意见,以确保“禁烟令”的顺利实施。
D. 即使生活再艰辛,我也要坚持不懈地努力,因为我的梦想就是成为一个科学家。
3、下列作品中,属于鲁迅小说集《呐喊》的是:()A. 《孔乙己》B. 《背影》C. 《荷塘月色》D. 《葫芦僧判断葫芦案》二、阅读理解阅读下面的文言文,完成4-6题。
未几,夫恬上前,问所欲言。
王曰:“吾欲言南尚可斗太守恶其无状。
”恬曰:“前日恬罪甚重,郎中令劳赐如令,是恬与并得罪。
”夫恬曰:“死未晚也。
”恬闻天下之至苦也莫苦于狱吏而吏道也莫患于无文而止在促捕之众也幸而道不携犹破折锐首而折左股而话之犹无所羞而夫恬为上相与为朝廷之法而以贾竖受货为资而挛拘牵张于辞语者恶独安?窃见郡县之吏徒以阿坐为毕能郡之大者也吏安得不悉虎狼还以道为尚父且父之不德而咎若曹罪乃大矣陷乃公独痴牧羊而道苦索则何?”恬不为理,引首以塞其气。
相与营当引太守舍,驾不能过半涂,良市卒正言于从者曰:“可与杀牛茵茵也。
”而恬得兵甚备,因恬请曰:“窃闻恬为人臣,佞而无骨,畏强怀弱,以货自免。
骄君甚则贵而求逆,暴君甚则利而求逆。
恬不知为死计,而尚与贾竖受货。
”恬得死诚节矣!4、下列句子中,断句正确的一项是:()A. 前日/恬罪甚重B. 贾竖/受货为资/而挛拘牵张于辞语者/恶独安C. 引首以塞/其气D. 可与杀牛茵茵也5、下列关于文章内容的理解,正确的一项是:()A. 夫恬认为自己的罪行很重,所以觉得自己应该被处死。
《英语教学法》模拟试题1及答案
C. Auditory learners.
D. Visual learners.
3. What type of intelligence is cooperative learning best suited for?
A. Interpersonal intelligence.
2) Match and logical B. Sketching
thinking
3) Spatial intelligence C. Verbalizing
4) Bodily/Kinesthetic D. Conceptualizing
H cavy Day
Nice Baby
Close Building
Light Rain
inteligence
3. Match the activities on the left with the language focus on the right. (4 points)
1) Grouping words together A. Reading
6. Which of the following is a communication game?
A. Bin
C. Rearranging and describing.
D. Cross-word puzzle.
7. Which of the following can help train speaking?
B. Intrapersonal intelligence.
C. Logical intelligence.
D. Linguistic intelligence.
浙江省温州市2024届高三第一次模拟考试数学试题含答案
浙江省温州2024届高三第一次模拟考试数学学科(答案在最后)一、选择题:本大题共8小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知i 为虚数单位,则复数1i1i +-的虚部为()A.i - B.iC.0D.1【答案】D 【解析】【分析】利用复数的除法运算,得到复数的代数形式,由此求得复数的虚部.【详解】因为()()21i (1i)2ii 1i 1i 1i 2++===-+-,所以虚部为1.故选:D .2.某校高一年级18个班参加艺术节合唱比赛,通过简单随机抽样,获得了10个班的比赛得分如下:91,89,90,92,94,87,93,96,91,85,则这组数据的80%分位数为()A.93B.93.5C.94D.94.5【答案】B 【解析】【分析】利用百分位数的定义即可得解.【详解】将比赛得分从小到大重新排列:85,87,89,90,91,91,92,93,94,96,因为1080%8⨯=,所以这组数据的80%分位数第8个数与第9个数的平均值,即939493.52+=.故选:B.3.已知直线:2l y x b =+与圆()()22:235C x y ++-=有公共点,则b 的取值范围为()A.[]2,12 B.(][),212,∞∞-⋃+C.[]4,6- D.(][),46,-∞-+∞ 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】由圆心到直线距离小于等于半径,得到不等式,求出答案.【详解】由题意得,圆心()2,3-到直线:2l y x b =+的距离≤,解得212b ≤≤,故b 的取值范围是[]2,12.故选:A4.三棱锥-P ABC 中,PA ⊥平面ABC ,ABC 为等边三角形,且3AB =,2PA =,则该三棱锥外接球的表面积为()A.8πB.16πC.32π3D.12π【答案】B 【解析】【分析】首先作图构造外接球的球心,再根据几何关系求外接球的半径,最后代入三棱锥外接球的表面积公式.【详解】如图,点H 为ABC 外接圆的圆心,过点H 作平面ABC 的垂线,点D 为PA 的中点,过点D 作线段PA 的垂线,所作两条垂线交于点O ,则点O 为三棱锥外接球的球心,因为PA ⊥平面ABC ,且ABC 为等边三角形,2,3PA AB ==,所以四边形AHOD 为矩形,3AH AB ==112OH PA ==,所以2OA ==,即三棱锥外接球的半径2R =,则该三棱锥外接球的表面积为24π16πR =.故选:B5.已知等比数列{}n a 的首项11a >,公比为q ,记12n n T a a a =⋅⋅⋅(*n ∈N ),则“01q <<”是“数列{}n T 为递减数列”的()A.充要条件B.充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据等比数列的通项公式,结合等差数列的前n 项和公式、充分性和必要性的定义进行判断即可.【详解】由题意,()()1123(1)1121211110n n n nn n n n a a q a q aT qa qa a a a --+++-=⋅=⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅>= ,(1)12111(1)21n n n nn n n n nT a q a q T a q +++-⋅==⋅⋅,当11,01a q ><<时,11na q ⋅<对于N n *∈不一定恒成立,例如122,3a q ==;当{}n T 为递减数列时,0q >且11na q ⋅<对于N n *∈恒成立,又因为11a >,所以得01q <<,因此“01q <<”是“数列{}n T 为递减数列”的必要不充分条件,故选:C.6.已知函数()π4f x x ω⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,其中0ω>.若()f x 在区间π3π,34⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,则ω的取值范围是()A.10,3⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦B.35,43⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C.50,3⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦D.(]0,1【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用余弦函数的单调性求出()π4f x x ω⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭单调递增区间,可得3π2ππ4,3π2π3π4,4k k ωω⎧-+⎪≤⎪⎪⎨⎪+⎪≥⎪⎩,解不等式即可得出答案.【详解】由题意得,函数()f x 的增区间为()ππ2π2π4k x k k ω-+≤-≤∈Z ,且0ω>,解得()3ππ2π2π44k k x k ωω-++≤≤∈Z .由题意可知:()3ππ2π2ππ3π44,,34k k k ωω⎛⎫-++ ⎪⎛⎫⊆∈⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪⎝⎭Z .于是3π2ππ43π2π3π44k k ωω⎧-+⎪≤⎪⎪⎨⎪+⎪≥⎪⎩,解得()9186433k k k ω-+≤≤+∈Z .又0ω>,于是103ω<≤.故选:A .7.在直角梯形ABCD ,AB AD ⊥,//DC AB ,1AD DC ==,=2AB ,E ,F 分别为AB ,BC 的中点,点P 在以A 为圆心,AD 为半径的圆弧DEM 上变动(如图所示),若AP ED AF λμ=+,其中,R λμ∈,则2λμ-的取值范围是()A.⎡⎤⎣⎦B.⎡⎣C.11,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D.,22⎡-⎢⎣⎦【答案】A 【解析】【分析】结合题意建立直角坐标系,得到各点的坐标,再由AP ED AF λμ=+ 得到3cos 2αλμ=-+,1sin 2αλμ=+,从而得到2π4αλμ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭,由此可求得2λμ-的取值范围.【详解】结合题意建立直角坐标,如图所示:.则()0,0A ,()1,0E ,()0,1D ,()1,1C ,()2,0B ,()ππcos ,sin 22P ααα⎛⎫-≤≤ ⎪⎝⎭,则31,22F ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,()cos ,sin AP αα=,()1,1ED =- ,31,22AF ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭ ,∵AP ED AF λμ=+ ,∴()()3131cos ,sin 1,1,,2222ααλμλμλμ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+=-++ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,∴3cos 2αλμ=-+,1sin 2αλμ=+,∴()13sin cos 4λαα=-,()1cos sin 2μαα=+,∴()()11π23sin cos cos sin sin cos 224λμααααααα⎛⎫-=--+=-=- ⎪⎝⎭,∵ππ22α-≤≤,∴3πππ444α-≤-≤,∴π1sin 42α⎛⎫-≤-≤ ⎪⎝⎭,∴π14α⎛⎫≤-≤ ⎪⎝⎭,故21λμ≤-≤,即()2λμ⎡⎤⎣⎦-∈.故选:A.8.已知lg4lg5lg610,9,8a b c ===,则,,a b c 的大小关系为()A.a b c >>B.a c b>> C.b c a>> D.c b a>>【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据题意可得lg lg4lg10,lg lg5lg9,lg lg6lg8a b c =⋅=⋅=⋅,构建函数()()lg lg 14,46f x x x x =⋅-≤≤,利用导数分析可知()f x 在[]4,6上单调递增,进而结合对数函数单调性分析判断.【详解】因为lg4lg5lg610,9,8a b c ===,两边取对数得:lg lg4lg10,lg lg5lg9,lg lg6lg8a b c =⋅=⋅=⋅,令()()lg lg 14,46f x x x x =⋅-≤≤,则()()()()()()lg 1414lg 14lg lg 1ln1014ln10ln1014x x x x x x f x x x x x ⎡⎤----⋅=-=⎢⎥-⋅-⎢⎥⎣⎦',令()lg g x x x =⋅,则()()()()1lg lg lg 0,1,ln10g x x x x x x x '=⋅+⋅=+>∈''+∞,可知()g x 在()1,+∞上单调递增,因为46x ≤≤,则81410x ≤-≤,可知14x x ->恒成立,则()()14g x g x ->,即()()140g x g x -->,可得()0f x ¢>,则()()lg lg 14f x x x =⋅-在[]4,6上单调递增,可得()()()456f f f <<,可得lg4lg10lg5lg9lg6lg8⋅<⋅<⋅,即lg lg lg a b c <<,又因为lg y x =在()0,∞+上单调递增,所以a b c <<.故选:D.【点睛】关键点睛:对题中式子整理观察形式,构建函数()()lg lg 14,46f x x x x =⋅-≤≤,利用导数判断其单调性.二、多选题:本大题共4小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.9.下列选项中,与“11x>”互为充要条件的是()A.1x <B.20.50.5log log x x >C.233x x< D.()()11x x x x -=-【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】求解各不等式判断即可.【详解】对A ,11x>则110x ->,即10xx ->,()10x x -<,解得01x <<,故A 错误;对B ,20.50.5log log x x >则20x x <<,故()10x x -<,解得01x <<,故B 正确;对C ,233x x <则2x x <,解得01x <<,故C 正确;对D ,()()11x x x x -=-,则()10x x -≤,解得01x ≤≤,故D 错误.故选:BC10.设A ,B 是一次随机试验中的两个事件,且1(3P A =,1()4P B =,7()12P AB AB +=,则()A.A ,B 相互独立B.5()6P A B +=C.()13P B A =D.()()P A B P B A≠【答案】ABD【解析】【分析】利用独立事件、对立事件、互斥事件的定义与概率公式可判定A 、B ,利用条件概率的定义与公式可判定C 、D .【详解】由题意可知()()()23()1,134P A P A P B P B =-==-=,事件,AB AB 互斥,且()()()()()(),P AB P AB P A P AB P AB P B +=+=,所以()()()()()7()212P AB AB P AB P AB P A P B P AB +=+=+-=,即()()()()2171234126P AB P AB P A P B +-=⇒==,故A 正确;则()()()()()()()()P A B P A P B P AB P A P B P A P B+=+-=+-⋅1313534346=+-⨯=,故B 正确;由条件概率公式可知:()()()11162433P AB P B A P A ===≠,故C 错误;()()()()()()11146134P AB P B P AB P A B P B P B --====,()()()()()()21336243P BA P A P AB P B A P A P A --====即()()P A B P B A ≠,故D 正确.故选:ABD11.在三棱锥-P ABC 中,ACBC ⊥,4AC BC ==,D 是棱AC 的中点,E 是棱AB 上一点,2PD PE ==,AC ⊥平面PDE ,则()A.//DE 平面PBCB.平面PAC ⊥平面PDEC.点P 到底面ABC 的距离为2D.二面角D PB E --的正弦值为7【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】根据线面平行的判定定理可判断A ;根据面面垂直的判定定理可判断B ;取DE 的中点O ,过点O 作OF DE ⊥交BC 于点F ,利用线面垂直的判定定理可得PO ⊥平面ABC ,求出PO 可判断C ;以{},,OE OF OP为正交基底建立空间直角坐标系,求出平面PBD 、平面PBD 的一个法向量,由线面角的向量求法可判断D .【详解】对于A ,因为AC ⊥平面PDE ,DE ⊂平面PDE ,所以AC DE ⊥.因为AC BC ⊥,且直线,,AC BC DE ⊂平面ABC ,所以//DE BC .因为DE ⊄平面PBC ,BC ⊂平面PBC ,所以//DE 平面PBC ,A 正确;对于B ,AC ⊥平面PDE ,AC ⊂平面PAC ,所以平面PDE ⊥平面PAC ,B 正确;对于C ,取DE 的中点O ,连接PO ,过点O 作OF DE ⊥交BC 于点F ,因为PD PE =,所以PO DE ⊥.因为AC ⊥平面PDE ,PO ⊂平面PDE ,所以AC PO ⊥,因为DE AC D ⋂=,DE ,AC ⊂平面ABC ,所以PO ⊥平面ABC,PO =,C 错误;对于D ,如图,以{},,OE OF OP为正交基底建立空间直角坐标系,因为D 是AC 的中点,4AC BC ==,所以()()()()0,0,0,3,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,0O B E D -,因为2PD PE ==,所以PO =,即(P ,所以()((()4,2,0,1,0,,1,0,,2,2,0DB DP EP EB ===-=,设平面PBD 的一个法向量()111,,m x y z =,则00m DB m DP ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即11114200x y x +=⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩,令1x =111y z =-=-,所以平面PBD的一个法向量)1m =--,设平面PBE 的一个法向量()222,,n x y z = ,则0n EB n EP ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即22222200x y x +=⎧⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩,令2x =,得221y z ==,所以平面PBE的一个法向量)n =,所以1cos ,7m nm n m n-⨯-⋅== ,设二面角D PB E--为[],0,πθθ∈,所以21sin 7θ==,所以二面角D PB E --的正弦值为7,故D 正确.故选:ABD .【点睛】方法点睛:二面角的通常求法,1、由定义作出二面角的平面角;2、作二面角棱的垂面,则垂面与二面角两个面的交线所成的角就是二面角的平面角;3、利用向量法求二面角的平面.12.设F 为抛物线2:4C y x =的焦点,直线():2200l x ay b a -+=≠与C 的准线1l ,交于点A .已知l 与C 相切,切点为B ,直线BF 与C 的一个交点为D ,则()A.点(),a b 在C 上B.BAF AFB∠<∠C.以BF 为直径的圆与1l 相离 D.直线AD 与C 相切【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】A 选项,联立直线l 与抛物线方程,根据根的判别式得到点(),b a 在C 上;B 选项,作出辅助线,结合抛物线定义得到相等关系,再由大边对大角作出判断;C 选项,证明出以BF 为直径的圆与y 轴相切,得到C 正确;D 选项,设出直线BD 方程,与抛物线方程联立求出D 点坐标,从而求出直线AD 方程,联立抛物线,根据根的判别式得到答案.【详解】对于A ,联立直线l 与C 的方程,消去x 得2240y ay b -+=,因为l 与C 相切,所以2Δ4160a b =-=,即24a b =,所以点(),b a 在C 上,A 错误.对于B ,过点B 作BM 垂直于C 的准线,垂足为M ,由抛物线定义知BF BM =,因为0a ≠,所以AB BM >,所以在ABF △中,AB BF >,由大边对大角得BAFAFB ∠<∠,B 正确.对于C ,()1,0F ,由A 选项l 与C 相切,切点为B ,可得(),B b a ,其中24a b =,则BF 的中点坐标为1,22b a +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,且()221BF b a =-+()()22211412b a b bb -+-++==,由于半径等于以BF 为直径的圆的圆心横坐标,故以BF 为直径的圆与y 轴相切,所以与1l 相离,C 正确;对于D ,设直线BD 方程为11b x y a -=+,与C 联立得()24140b y y a ---=,所以4D a y ⋅=-,解得4D y a=-,则21144111D D b b x y a a a a b --⎛⎫=+=⋅-+== ⎪⎝⎭,因为221,b A a -⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,所以直线AD 方程为22b y x a a=--,联立直线AD 与曲线C 的方程得2240by ay ++=,因为2Δ4160a b '=-=,所以直线AD 与C 相切,D 正确.故选:BCD .【点睛】抛物线的相关结论,22y px =中,过焦点F 的直线与抛物线交于,A B 两点,则以,AF BF 为直径的圆与y 轴相切,以AB 为直径的圆与准线相切;22x py =中,过焦点F 的直线与抛物线交于,A B 两点,则以,AF BF 为直径的圆与x 轴相切,以AB 为直径的圆与准线相切.三、填空题:本大题共4小题13.已知:31p x -≤≤,:q x a £(a 为实数).若q 的一个充分不必要条件是p ,则实数a 的取值范围是________.【答案】[)1,+∞【解析】【分析】利用小范围是大范围的充分不必要条件转换成集合的包含关系求解.【详解】因为q 的一个充分不必要条件是p ,所以[3,1]-是(],a -∞的一个真子集,则1a ≥,即实数a 的取值范围是[)1,+∞.故答案为:[)1,+∞.14.已知正项数列{}n a 满足121n n n a a n +=+,则106a a =_______.【答案】485【解析】【分析】由递推公式可得121n n a n a n +=+,再由累乘法即可求得结果.【详解】由121n n n a a n +=+可得121n na n a n +=+,由累乘可得9101879870662928272648918171615a a a a a a a a a a ⨯⨯⨯⨯=⋅⋅⋅=⨯⨯⨯=++++.故答案为:48515.直三棱柱111ABC A B C -的底面是直角三角形,AC BC ⊥,6AC =,8BC =,14AA =.若平面α将该直三棱柱111ABC A B C -截成两部分,将两部分几何体组成一个平行六面体,且该平行六面体内接于球,则此外接球表面积的最大值为______.【答案】104π【解析】【分析】α可能是AC 的中垂面,BC 的中垂面,1AA 的中垂面.截下的部分与剩余的部分组合成为长方体,用公式求出外接球直径进而求解.【详解】平行六面体内接于球,则平行六面体为直四棱柱,如图α有如下三种可能.截下的部分与剩余的部分组合成为长方体,则222238489R =++=或222264468R =++=或2222682104R =++=,所以2max 4π104πS R ==.故答案为:104π16.对任意(1,)x ∈+∞,函数()ln ln(1)0(1)x f x a a a x a =--≥>恒成立,则a 的取值范围为___________.【答案】1e e ,⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭【解析】【分析】变形为()()11ln 1ln 1x x aa x x --≥--,构造()ln ,0F t t t t =>,求导得到单调性进而11x a ->恒成立,故()10x F a->,分当(]10,1x -∈和11x ->两种情况,结合()ln u g u u =单调性和最值,得到1e e a ≥,得到答案.【详解】由题意得1ln ln(1)x a a x -≥-,因为(1,)x ∈+∞,所以()()()11ln 1ln 1x x aa x x --≥--,即()()11ln 1ln 1x x a a x x --≥--,令()ln ,0F t t t t =>,则()()11x F aF x -≥-恒成立,因为()1ln F t t ='+,令()0F t '>得,1e t ->,()ln F t t t =单调递增,令()0F t '<得,10e t -<<,()ln F t t t =单调递减,且当01t <≤时,()0F t ≤恒成立,当1t >时,()0F t >恒成立,因为1,1a x >>,所以11x a ->恒成立,故()10x F a ->,当(]10,1x -∈时,()10F x -≤,此时满足()()11x F a F x -≥-恒成立,当11x ->,即2x >时,由于()ln F t t t =在()1e ,t ∞-∈+上单调递增,由()()11x F a F x -≥-得()1ln 11ln 1x x a x a x --≥-⇒≥-,令11u x =->,()ln u g u u =,则()21ln u g u u -'=,当()1,e u ∈时,()0g u '>,()ln u g u u =单调递增,当()e,+u ∞∈时,()0g u '<,()ln u g u u =单调递减,故()ln u g u u =在e u =处取得极大值,也是最大值,()ln e 1e e eg ==,故1ln e a ≥,即1e e a ≥,所以,a 的取值范围是1e e ,∞⎡⎫+⎪⎢⎣⎭.故答案为:1e e ,∞⎡⎫+⎪⎢⎣⎭【点睛】导函数求解参数取值范围,当函数中同时出现指数函数与对数函数,通常使用同构来进行求解,本题难点是1ln ln(1)x a a x -≥-两边同时乘以1x -,变形得到()()11ln 1ln 1x x a a x x --≥--,从而构造()ln ,0F t t t t =>进行求解.四、解答题:木大题共6小题,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.在ABC 中,内角,,A B C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且222a c b ac +-=,a =cos 3A =.(1)求角B 及边b 的值;(2)求sin(2)A B -的值.【答案】(1)π3B =,94b =(2【解析】【分析】(1)由余弦定理得到π3B =,求出2sin 3A =,由正弦定理得到94b =;(2)由二倍角公式求出sin 2,cos 2A A ,由差角公式求出答案.【小问1详解】因为222a cb ac +-=,由余弦定理得2221cos 222a c b ac B ac ac +-===,因为()0,πB ∈,所以π3B =,因为()0,πA ∈,cos 3A =,所以2sin 3A ==,由正弦定理得sin sin a b A B =,即232=94b =;【小问2详解】由(1)得2sin 22sin cos 2339A A A ==⨯⨯=,2251cos 22cos 12139A A ⎛=-=⨯-= ⎝⎭,8sin(2)sin 2cos cos 2s 11929i 1n 2A B A B A B -=-=⨯-⨯=.18.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且2n n S a n =-.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若数列{}n b 满足11n n n n a b a a ++=,其前n 项和为n T ,求使得20232024n T >成立的n 的最小值.【答案】(1)21n n a =-;(2)10.【解析】【分析】(1)根据,n n a S 关系及递推式可得112(1)n n a a -+=+,结合等比数列定义写出通项公式,即可得结果;(2)应用裂项相消法求n T ,由不等式能成立及指数函数性质求得10n ≥,即可得结果.【小问1详解】当2n ≥时,111(2)(21)2()1n n n n n n n a S S a n a n a a ---=-=---+=--,所以121n n a a -=+,则112(1)n n a a -+=+,而1111211a S a a ==-⇒=,所以112a +=,故{1}n a +是首项、公比都为2的等比数列,所以12nn a +=⇒21n n a =-.【小问2详解】由1111211(21)(21)2121n n n n n n n n n a b a a ++++===-----,所以111111111111337715212121n n n n T ++=-+-+-++-=---- ,要使1202324112102n n T +>=--,即111202520211422n n ++>-<⇒,由1011220252<<且*N n ∈,则11110n n +≥⇒≥.所以使得20232024n T >成立的n 的最小值为10.19.如图,正三棱锥O ABC -的三条侧棱OA 、OB 、OC 两两垂直,且长度均为2.E 、F 分别是AB 、AC 的中点,H 是EF 的中点,过EF 作平面与侧棱OA 、OB 、OC 或其延长线分别相交于1A 、1B 、1C ,已知132OA =.(1)求证:11B C ⊥平面OAH ;(2)求二面角111O A B C --的大小.【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)【解析】【分析】(1)利用三角形中位线定理结线面平行的判定可得EF ∥平面OBC ,再由线面平行的性质可得EF ∥11B C ,由等腰三角形的性质可得AH ⊥EF ,从而可得AH ⊥11B C ,再由已知可得OA ⊥平面OBC ,则OA ⊥11B C ,然后利用线面垂直的判定定理可证得结论;(2)作ON ⊥11A B 于N ,连1C N ,则由已知条件可证得11A B ⊥平面1OC N ,从而可得1ONC ∠就是二面角111O A B C --的平面角,过E 作EM ⊥1OB 于M ,则可得EM ∥OA ,设1OB x =,然后利用平行线分线段成比例定理结合已知条件可求得x ,在11R t OA B 中可求出11A B 的长,从而可求得ON ,进而可直角三角形1OC N 中可求得结果.【详解】(1)证明:因为E 、F 分别是AB 、AC 的中点,所以EF 是ABC 的中位线,所以EF ∥BC ,因为EF ⊄平面OBC ,BC ⊂平面OBC ,所以EF ∥平面OBC ,因为EF ⊂平面111A B C ,平面111A B C Ç平面11OBC B C =,所以EF ∥11B C .因为E 、F 分别是AB 、AC 的中点,所以11,22AE AB AF AC ==,因为AB AC =,所以AE AF =,因为H 是EF 的中点,所以AH ⊥EF ,所以AH ⊥11B C .因为OA ⊥OB ,OA ⊥OC ,OB OC O = ,所以OA ⊥平面OBC ,因为11B C ⊂平面OBC ,所以OA ⊥11B C ,因为OA AH A= 因此11B C ⊥面OAH .(2)作ON ⊥11A B 于N ,连1C N .因为111111,,OC OA OC OB OA OB O ⊥⊥= ,因为1OC ⊥平面11OA B ,因为11A B ⊂平面11OA B ,所以111OC A B ⊥,因为1ON OC O = ,所以11A B ⊥平面1OC N ,因为1C N ⊂平面1OC N ,所以1C N ⊥11A B,所以1ONC ∠就是二面角111O A B C --的平面角.过E 作EM ⊥1OB 于M ,则EM ∥OA ,则M 是OB 的中点,则111,122EM OA OM OB ====.设1OB x =,由111OB OA MB EM =得,312x x =-,解得3x =,则13OC =,在11R t OA B中,11A B ==则1111OA OB ON A B ⋅==.所以在1R t ONC中,11tan OC ONC ON ∠==故二面角111O A B C --为20.甲、乙、丙为完全相同的三个不透明盒子,盒内均装有除颜色外完全相同的球.甲盒装有4个白球,8个黑球,乙盒装有1个白球,5个黑球,丙盒装有3个白球,3个黑球.(1)随机抽取一个盒子,再从该盒子中随机摸出1个球,求摸出的球是黑球的概率;(2)已知(1)中摸出的球是黑球,求此球属于乙箱子的概率.【答案】(1)23(2)512【解析】【分析】(1)设出事件,运用全概率公式求解即可.(2)利用条件概率公式求解即可.【小问1详解】记取到甲盒子为事件1A ,取到乙盒子为事件2A ,取到丙盒子为事件3A ,取到黑球为事件B :由全概率公式得1122331815132()()(|)()(|)()(|)31236363P B P A P B A P A P B A P A P B A =++=⨯+⨯+⨯=,故摸出的球是黑球的概率是23.【小问2详解】由条件概率公式得2215()536(|)2()123P A B P A B P B ⨯===,故此球属于乙箱子的概率是51221.设椭圆(222:109x y C b b +=<<,P 是C 上一个动点,点()1,0A ,PA长的最小值为2.(1)求b 的值:(2)设过点A 且斜率不为0的直线l 交C 于,B D 两点,,E F 分别为C 的左、右顶点,直线BE 和直线DF 的斜率分别为12,k k ,求证:12k k 为定值.【答案】(1;(2)证明见解析.【解析】【分析】(1)设出点P 坐标,并求出PA 长,再结合二次函数探求最小值即得解.(2)设出直线l 的方程,与椭圆方程联立,设出点,B D 的坐标,利用斜率坐标公式,结合韦达定理计算即得.【小问1详解】依题意,椭圆C 的焦点在x 轴上,设焦距为2(0)c c >,设00(,)P x y ,则222000||(1),[3,3]PA x y x =-+∈-,而22200(19x y b =-,则222200||(1)219b PA x x b =--++=222222*********()199c c x x b x b c c -++=-++-,而0b <<,则2(9(3,9))b -∈,即2(3,9)c ∈,因此29(1,3)c∈,由0[3,3]x ∈-,得当029x c =时,222min 295||1(22PA b c =+-==,即229392b b -=-,化简得42221450b b -+=,又0b <<,解得23b =,所以b=【小问2详解】由(1)知,椭圆C 的方程为22193x y +=,点(3,0),(3,0)E F -,设()()1122,,,B x y D x y ,则121212,33y y k k x x ==+-,即12k k =121212213(3)3(3)y x y x x y y x --⋅=++,斜率不为0的直线l 过点(1,0)A ,设方程为1x my =+,则112121221122(13)2(13)4k y my my y y k y my my y y +--==+++,由22139x my x y =+⎧⎨+=⎩消去x 并整理得22(3)280m y my ++-=,显然0∆>,则12122228,33m y y y y m m --+==++,即有2211)4(my y y y =+,因此()()121112112212212212422241444482y y y k my y y y y k my y y y y y y y +--+====++++,所以12k k为定值.【点睛】方法点睛:求定值问题常见的方法有两种:①从特殊入手,求出定值,再证明这个值与变量无关.②直接推理、计算,并在计算推理的过程中消去变量,从而得到定值.22.已知()3ln (1)f x x k x =--.(1)若过点(2,2)作曲线()y f x =的切线,切线的斜率为2,求k 的值;(2)当[1,3]x ∈时,讨论函数2π()()cos π2g x f x x =-的零点个数.【答案】(1)1(2)答案见解析【解析】【分析】(1)求导,设切点坐标为()()000,3ln 1x x k x --,结合导数的几何意义列式求解即可;(2)求导,可得()g x '在[1,3]内单调递减,分类讨论判断()g x 在[1,3]内的单调性,进而结合零点存在性定理分析判断.【小问1详解】由题意可得:3()f x k x'=-,设切点坐标为()()000,3ln 1x x k x --,则切线斜率为003()2k f x k x '==-=,即032k x =-,可得切线方程为()()0003ln 12y x k x x x ---=-⎡⎤⎣⎦,将(2,2),032k x =-代入可得()()0000323ln 2122x x x x ⎡⎤⎛⎫----=-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦,整理得001ln 10x x -+=,因为1ln ,y x y x ==-在()0,∞+内单调递增,则1ln 1y x x=-+在定义域()0,∞+内单调递增,且当1x =时,0y =,可知关于0x 的方程001ln 10x x -+=的根为1,即01x =,所以0321k x =-=.【小问2详解】因为2π2π()()cos 3ln (1)cos π2π2g x f x x x k x =-=---,则3π()sin 2g x k x x '=-+,可知3y x=在[1,3]内单调递减,且[1,3]x ∈,则ππ3π,222x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,且sin y x =在π3π,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦内单调递减,可知πsin 2y x =在[1,3]内单调递减,所以()g x '在[1,3]内单调递减,且(1)4,(3)g k g k ''=-=-,(i )若0k -≥,即0k ≤时,则()()30g x g ''≥≥在[1,3]内恒成立,可知()g x 在[1,3]内单调递增,则()()10g x g ≥=,当且仅当1x =时,等号成立,所以()g x 在[1,3]内有且仅有1个零点;(ⅱ)若40k -≤,即4k ≥时,则()()10g x g ''≤≤在[1,3]内恒成立,可知()g x 在[1,3]内单调递减,则()()10g x g ≤=,当且仅当1x =时,等号成立,所以()g x 在[1,3]内有且仅有1个零点;(ⅲ)若400k k ->⎧⎨-<⎩,即04k <<时,则()g x '在()1,3内存在唯一零点()1,3m ∈,可知当1x m ≤<时,()0g x '>;当3m x <≤时,()0g x '<;则()g x 在[)1,m 内单调递增,在(],3m 内单调递减,且()10g =,可知()()10g m g >=,可知()g x 在[)1,m 内有且仅有1个零点,且()33ln 32g k =-,①当()33ln 320g k =-≤,即3ln 342k ≤<时,则()g x 在(],3m 内有且仅有1个零点;②当()33ln 320g k =->,即30ln 32k <<时,则()g x 在(],3m 内没有零点;综上所述:若[)3,ln 34,2k ⎛⎫∈-∞+∞ ⎪⎝⎭U 时,()g x 在[1,3]内有且仅有1个零点;若3ln3,42k⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭时,()g x在[1,3]内有且仅有2个零点.【点睛】方法点睛:对于函数零点的个数的相关问题,利用导数和数形结合的数学思想来求解.这类问题求解的通法是:(1)构造函数,这是解决此类题的关键点和难点,并求其定义域;(2)求导数,得单调区间和极值点;(3)数形结合,挖掘隐含条件,确定函数图象与x轴的交点情况进而求解.。
动物营养学:模拟测试题1及答案
模拟测试题1学号:姓名:一、名词解释(每个4分,共5个,20分)1、饲养标准:2、RDP:3、妊娠合成代谢:4、ME:5、维持需要:二、填空(每个空一分,共20分)1.挥发性脂肪酸主要包括、和2.一般认为,猪需要种必需氨基酸,而家禽需要种。
3.动物体内的水来源于、和4. 幼龄动物缺钙的典型症状是。
5. 家禽缺乏硫胺素的典型症状是。
6.饲料蛋白质进入反刍动物瘤胃后,可分为和两部分。
7.确定养分的需要量常采用法和法。
8.限制性氨基酸是指一定所含的量与动物所需的蛋白质必需氨基酸的量相比,比值的氨基酸。
9.某饲料含N 5%,则蛋白质含量为。
10.与凝血功能有关的维生素是。
11.产蛋家禽的钙需要量很高,一般为非产蛋家禽的倍。
三、判断(每题1分,共10分)1、反刍动物的饲料越细越有利于提高饲料利用效率。
()2、一般动物性饲料中的钙含量低于植物性饲料中的钙含量。
()3、家禽的蛋白质代谢尾产物主要是以尿素的形式排出体外的。
()4、总能不能用来区别饲料能量价值的高低。
()5、产乳热是高产奶牛因缺铁引起内分泌功能异常而产生的营养缺乏症。
( )的合成速度可受被毛色素的多少所调节,通常深色被毛的动物合6、动物体内维生素D3成维生素D的能力强。
()。
37、猪对玉米中的粗纤维的消化率高于反刍动物。
()8、消化能扣除尿能后就是代谢能()9、某家畜患了佝偻病,说明该家畜日粮一定缺钙()。
10、蛋氨酸通过甲基的供给,可补偿胆碱的不足。
()四、计算题(每题10分,共20分)1、一头小公牛每天采食9千克饲料,排出18千克粪便。
饲料和粪便的组成(%)如下表:⑴计算粪便的无氮浸出物百分含量?(4分)⑵计算饲料粗蛋白的消化率?(6分)2、按我国奶牛饲养标准中所建议的有关参数,计算一头体重600kg、日产奶30kg(乳脂4%、乳蛋白3.4%)的产奶牛的如下参数:[1] 计算该牛的每日能量需要量(4分)[2] 计算该牛对饲粮降解蛋白的需要量(6分)(注:奶牛维持能量需要量为13.73NND;每NND可产生的微生物蛋白为38克;瘤胃微生物对降解蛋白的利用率为0.9。
2024届江苏省苏州市中考英语检测模拟试题1(一模)含答案
2024届江苏省苏州市中考英语检测模拟试题(一模)第一部分完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)通读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was on a plane that was about to take off when my phone rang. I felt something awful had happened. It was my neighbour saying I needed to get to the 1 at once. She explained thatshe'd heard my two boys, George, then five, and Mickey, then four, crying. At first, she had ignored(忽视)it, but when the crying continued for a long time, she 2 something was wrong. So she came round and discovered my wife, Mary, lying on the kitchen floor. She had been emptying the dishwasher 3 a live wire(电线)fell and touched her.Mary was taken to hospital. When I arrived, doctors were trying to rescue her, but there was no point. I explained to the boys that Mum had died. I felt it was important to be 4 with them. For a year I was in a suffering state of mind. I went through the activities of a father but inside I felt lonely.Later, I felt I had to honor my love for Mary by not breaking 5 . She married me because I was a 6 man and I knew I had to carry on and actively chose to swim rather than sink.We moved to another city but two years later, I was diagnosed(诊断)with cancer. The anxiety that had been gone came 7 back-would my boys be left with no parents? 8 , the disease was in its early stage and doctors could treat it in time.With everything happening to me, I realized merely thinking "why me" doesn't 9 . We have to learn to accept and adapt to the changes it has brought about. It is no use thinking about the past or being worried about the future. Instead, just focus on the 10 .1. A. house B. exit C. entrance D. hospital2. A. wondered B. realized C. expected D. predicted3. A. while B. when C. until D. as4. A. clear B. familiar C. strict D. pleased5. A. up B. down C. away D. off6. A. rich B. considerate C. handsome D. strong7. A. flooding B. returning C. looking D. calling8. A. Gradually B. Personally C. Thankfully D. Eventually9. A. matterB. affectC. countD. help 10. A. present B. honor C. activity D. life第二部分 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市2024届高三第一次模拟考试语文试题含答案
2024届湖南省长沙市高三第一次模拟考试语文试题(答案在最后)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
有两大主要因素决定了你什么时候想睡觉,什么时候想醒来。
第一个因素,是你大脑深处的24小时生物钟发射出的信号。
生物钟会制造出循环的昼夜节律,让你在夜晚和白天的常规时段感到疲倦或清醒。
第二个因素,是一种在你的大脑中积聚的化学物质,会制造出“睡眠压力”。
这两个因素之间的平衡决定了你白天的清醒和专注程度,晚上感到疲倦并准备上床睡觉的时间,还在某种程度上决定了你会睡得多好。
对于白天活动的昼行性物种(比如人类)来说,昼夜节律会在白天激活大脑和身体的许多机制,使你保持清醒和警觉。
这些过程会在夜间逐渐变得低缓,从而消除产生警觉性的影响。
值得注意的是,尽管人类显示出一种固定的24小时作息模式,每个人各自的高峰和低谷却有着明显的差异。
对一些人来说,他们在白天很早的时候就达到清醒状态的高峰,而睡眠的低谷也在入夜后早早到来。
这些都是“晨型人”,大约占总人口数的40%。
另一些人则是“夜型人”,约占人口总数的30%。
他们更喜欢很晚入睡,第二天上午很晚才起,甚至下午才起床。
24小时生物时钟坐落在大脑中央一处被称为“视交叉上核”的地方。
你的视交叉上核通过一个叫作褪黑激素的循环信使,将它的日夜反复的信号传递给你的大脑和身体。
褪黑激素的作用就像一个强有力的扩音器,向大脑和身体大声喊出一个明确的信息:“天黑啦,天黑啦!”这时,我们就收到了一份进入夜间的通知,也就是一个着手安排睡眠时间的生物命令。
但是褪黑激素对睡眠本身的形成几乎不产生影响。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
《C++程序设计》模拟试题(一)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)1.C++源程序文件扩展名为( B)。
A..h B..cpp C..1ib D..obj2.在C++中使用流进行输入输出,其中专用于从键盘进行输入的流是( A)。
A.cin B.cout C.cerr D.clog3.对于类中没有设置访问属性的数据成员,其默认为( C)。
A.public B.protected C.private D.static4.下列关于类和对象的叙述中,错误的是( A)。
A.一个类只能有一个对象B.对象是类的具体实例C.类是对某一类对象的抽象D.类和对象的关系是一种数据类型与变量的关系5.类的构造函数是在定义该类的一个( C)时被自动调用执行的。
A. 成员函数B. 数据成员C. 对象D. 友元函数6.派生类的对象可以访问以下哪种情况继承的基类成员( D)。
A.私有继承的私有成员B.公有继承的私有成员C.私有继承的保护成员D.公有继承的公有成员7.int Func(int,int);不可与下列哪个函数构成重载( B)。
A.int Func(int,int,int);B.double Func(int,int);C.double Func(double,double);D.double Func(int,double);8.假定AA为一个类,int a()为该类的一个成员函数,若该成员函数在类定义体外定义,则函数头为( A)。
A.int AA::a() B.int AA:a()C.AA::a() D.AA::int a()9.设函数void swap(int,int)将交换两形参的值,如两整型变量int a=10;int b=15;则执行swap(a,b)后,a、b值分别为( B)。
A.10,10 B.10,15C.15,10 D.15,1510.当一个类A或函数f()被声明为另一个类B的友元后,类A或函数f()能够直接访问类B的( D)。
A.只能是公有成员B.只能是保护成员C.只能是除私有成员之外的任何成员D.任何权限的成员二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)1.若要在程序文件中进行标准输入输出操作,则必须在开始的#include命令中使用iostream.h头文件。
2.同一个函数名可以对应着多个不同的函数实现,每一类实现对应着一个函数体,称为函数重载。
3.在C++中,当一个对象被创建后,它的每一个成员函数都含有一个系统自动生成的隐含的指针,称之为this指针。
4.假定A为一个类,a()为该类公有的函数成员,x为该类的一个对象,则访问x对象中函数成员a()的格式为x.a()。
5.当类中一个字符指针成员指向具有n个字节的存储空间时,它所能存储字符串的最大长度为n-1。
6.在C++中,对于基类的protected成员,当以public方式派生一个新类时,该成员将成为派生类的protected成员。
7.能够用来作为基类派生出新类,却不能创建自己的对象的类称为抽象类。
8.在C++程序中使用的cout标识符是系统类库中定义的ostream类中的一个对象。
9.若x=5,y=10,则x>y的逻辑值为False。
10.执行“char ch=14*5+2;cout<<ch<<endl;”语句序列后,得到的输出结果为H。
三、阅读下列程序,写出执行结果(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)1.#include<iomanip.h>void main(){int a[9]={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18};for(int i=0;i<9;i++){cout<<setw(5)<<*(a+i);if((i+1)%3==0)cout<<endl;}}运行结果:2 4 68 10 1214 16 182.#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>void main(){char *a[5]={"student","worker","cadre","soldier","peasant"};char *p1,*p2;p1=p2=a[0];for(int i=0;i<5;i++){if(strcmp(a[i],p1)>0)p1=a[i];if(strcmp(a[i],p2)<0)p2=a[i];}cout<<p1<<","<<p2<<endl;}运行结果:worker,cadre3.#include<iostream>using namespace std;class Simple{int x,y;public:Simple(){x=y=0;}Simple(int i,int j){x=i;y=j;}void copy(Simple &s);void setxy(int i,int j){x=i;y=j;}void print(){cout<<"x="<<x<<",y="<<y<<endl;} };void Simple::copy(Simple &s){x=s.x;y=s.y;}void func(Simple s1,Simple &s2){s1.setxy(30,40);s2.setxy(70,80);}void main(){Simple obj1(1,2),obj2;obj2.copy(obj1);func(obj1,obj2);obj1.print();obj2.print();}运行结果:x=1,y=2x=70,y=804.#include<iostream.h>class A{public:A();void Show() ;~A();private:static int c;};int A::c =0;A::A(){cout <<"constructor."<<endl;c+=10;}void A::Show(){cout<<"c="<<c<<endl;}A::~A(){cout <<"destructor. "<<endl; }void main(){A a,b;a.Show();b.Show();}运行结果:constructorconstructorc=20c=20destructordestructor5.#include<iostream.h>class base{int n;public:base(){};base (int a){cout << "constructing base class" << endl;n=a;cout << "n=" << n << endl;}~base() { cout << "destructing base class" << endl; } };class subs : public base{int m;public:subs(int a, int b) : base(a){cout << "constructing sub class" << endl;m=b;cout << "m=" << m << endl;}~subs() { cout << "destructing sub class" << endl; } };void main (){subs s(1,2);}运行结果:constructing base classn=1constructing sub classn=2destructing sub classdestructing base class四、完成程序题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)1.#include<iostream.h>class Sample{int x,y;public:Sample(){x=y=1;}Sample(int a,int b){x=a;y=b;}void disp(){cout<<"x="<<x<<",y="<<y<<endl;}};void main(){Sample s1,s2(2,3);s1.disp();s2.disp();}输出结果为:x=0,y=0x=2,y=32.下面是一个输入半径,输出其面积和周长的C++程序,在下划线处填上正确的语句。
#include <iostream>using namespace std;const double pi=3.14159;void main( ){double r;cout<<"r=";cin>>r ;double l=2.0*pi*r;double s=pi*r*r;cout<<"The long is:"<<l<<endl;cout<<"The area is:"<<s<<endl;}3.#include <iostream>using namespace std;void main( ){float a,b;float cha(float x,float y); //函数cha的原型声明a=12.5;b=6.5;float c=cha(a,b); //调用函数chacout<<c<<endl;}float cha(float x,float y){float w;w=x-y;return w;}4.根据输出结果,在下划线处填上正确的语句。