2020复旦大学自主招生试题答案

合集下载

复旦自主招生试题及答案

复旦自主招生试题及答案

复旦自主招生试题及答案一、语文部分阅读理解:1. 阅读下面短文,回答问题。

(1)张謇(1854-1926)是中国现代教育家、政治家、社会活动家和思想家。

张謇曾于光绪十九年(1893年)中策划创办私立南洋公学,为中国留学生出国深造提供了机会,也为中国教育事业的发展做出了巨大贡献。

(2)南洋公学的创建者张謇,生于一般家庭,自小勤奋好学。

他上学时就常常帮助同学,与人为善,仗义疏财。

他在学习中总是能将分散的学习知识联系起来,形成系统地知识体系,且能应用灵活。

在上学期间,他还考取了举人资格。

(3)1875年,张謇考入了南洋公学,他将自己多年的积累展示了出来,并在广大师生的面前,发表了知名的《自力更生》演讲。

这个演讲使他备受赞誉,也为他未来的事业奠定了基础。

(4)张謇毕业后曾出任江西体育局局长,任内积极推行体育运动,提倡健身,改变了当时青年学生体育锻炼不足的状况。

后来,他还出任过官员、教育家等多个职位,努力改革中国教育制度,致力于提高教育的普及率和质量。

(5)张謇还通过创办南京高级工业学堂(复旦大学前身),来培养工科人才。

这一举措对中国的现代工业化进程起到了积极作用。

张謇还参与了辛亥革命,成为众多反清护国的活动家之一。

问题:(1)张謇是中国的哪位教育家和思想家?(2)张謇曾任职的机构有哪些?(3)南京高级工业学堂现在的名称是什么?答案:(1)张謇是中国现代教育家、政治家、社会活动家和思想家。

(2)张謇曾任江西体育局局长,官员和教育家等多个职位。

(3)南京高级工业学堂现在的名称是复旦大学。

二、数学部分选择题:1. 已知函数 f(x) = 2x + 3,求 f(4) 的值。

A. 7B. 9C. 11D. 132. 若 a + b = 20,且 a:b = 2:3,则 a 的值为多少?A. 8B. 10C. 12D. 16填空题:1. C = πd 的公式中,若 d = 10cm,则 C = ______ cm。

(复旦大学)自主招生与三位一体面试真题及答案分析

(复旦大学)自主招生与三位一体面试真题及答案分析

复旦大学自主招生与三位一体面试真题及答案分析1.你对当前房价上涨有何看法?【参考答案】现在的房子不是用来住的,是用来炒的。

真正想住房子的人住不上房子,房子只是那些商家用来赚钱的工具。

中国楼市这样下去总有一天崩盘。

投机倒把,没有任何理性,房价显示出人性最丑陋的一面,正确认识这些问题,对症下药、加大力度,遏制房价上涨势头,这既是广大群众的强烈呼声,也是关乎国民经济又好又快发展的重大问题。

还有人认为改革开放以来居民收入增加是房价上涨的首要原因,其次宽松的信贷政策是房价上涨的重要支撑,所以房价上涨也是理所当然的。

当然,每个人的年龄和他所处的环境不同,对房价上涨都会有不同的看法。

【专家点评】考查学生对时事现象的关注和思考情况,言之有理自圆其说即可。

2.金融危机对农村有何影响?【参考答案】金融危机不断向各国各个领域蔓延。

目前已经对农村和农民也有了非常直接的影响。

首先是由于出口需求的缩减,导致相关企业经营不景气,首当其冲的就是农民工失去就业机会,造成农民工返乡潮,既影响农民收入,也影响农村稳定,造成一些混乱局面;其次是以农副产品为原材料的加工业也很不景气,从而导致对农副产品需求的减少和价格回落,直接影响农民收入;第三,由于整体上预期收入和购买力增长的不协调,导致农产品价格合理上涨的势头受到抑制,甚至可能出现一定程度的价格回落;第四,由于各级财政收入可能因金融危机的影响而增幅减缓,而用于涉农的财政支出必将受到较大的影响,而直接影响农村基础设施和公共品的供给。

这些问题应当引起相关部门的重视。

换言之,应对金融危机,农村经济和农民生活是不可忽视的一个重要领域,国家要大力重视这个问题。

【专家点评】考查学生对于社会热点问题的理解。

3.如何对待文理分科?【参考答案】现在的社会是一个讲求专业人才、讲究分工协作的社会,人们主要从各自的专长和兴趣出发进行工作。

经过初中以及高一的文理科学习,相信大部分学生已经能够发现自己的能力和兴趣所在,此时进行文理分科有利于各类专才的早日培养,因为到了高中阶段学生的学习特长、兴趣倾向已经呈现,要根据自身的特长和今后的发展方向,自主选择侧重文科还是理科,有利于他们集中精力,为今后的发展奠定基础。

复旦自主招生试题

复旦自主招生试题

复旦自主招生试题复旦大学是中国知名的综合性高等教育机构,旨在培养具有创新意识和全球视野的高素质人才。

为了选拔优秀的学生,复旦大学设立了自主招生项目。

以下是一些典型的复旦大学自主招生试题,希望能帮助考生更好地准备自主招生考试。

1. 个人表现和领导能力(1) 请列举你在学校或社会活动中的个人成就,并解释你如何在领导团队或组织中发挥作用。

(2) 请描述一个你曾经遇到过的具体问题,解释你是如何解决这个问题的,并思考你从中学到了什么。

2. 学术潜力和研究兴趣(1) 请列举你在学校学习中的最骄傲的成绩和奖项,并解释你在这些学科中的研究兴趣或潜力。

(2) 请描述一个你在学术研究或实践中的项目,解释你在这个项目中的角色和所取得的成就。

3. 社会责任和公益活动(1) 请列举你在社会公益活动中的经历,并说明你对社会问题的看法和态度。

(2) 请描述一个你参与的具体公益活动,解释你对这个项目的贡献和对社会的影响。

4. 外语能力和跨文化交流(1) 请描述你的英语水平和你如何提高你的英语表达能力。

(2) 请根据你的经历,谈谈你对国际交流和跨文化交流的看法,并举例说明你在这方面的经验。

5. 自主学习和创新思维(1) 请描述一个你自主学习的经历,解释你如何培养了自主学习的能力。

(2) 请从你的角度出发,谈谈你对创新思维的理解,并举例说明你如何应用创新思维解决问题。

6. 价值观和人生目标(1) 请谈谈你的价值观和人生目标,并解释这些价值观和目标对你的影响。

(2) 请描述一个具体的情况,解释你如何遇到挫折并坚持追求目标。

以上是一些可能出现在复旦大学自主招生考试中的典型问题。

希望考生能认真思考并准备好答案,展示自己的优势和潜力。

同时,希望考生在撰写答案时能够充分发挥个人思考和表达能力,以增加自己的竞争力。

祝愿所有参加复旦大学自主招生考试的学生取得优异的成绩,实现自己的理想!。

上海学校自主招生试题答案

上海学校自主招生试题答案

上海学校自主招生试题答案一、语文试题答案(一)阅读理解1. 根据文章内容,作者通过对比传统教育与现代教育的不同,强调了创新教育在培养学生独立思考和解决问题能力方面的重要性。

作者认为,传统教育过于注重知识的灌输,而忽视了学生个性的发展和创新能力的培养。

现代教育应当更加关注学生的全面发展,鼓励学生主动探索,培养学生的批判性思维和创新精神。

2. 文章中提到的“翻转课堂”是一种新型的教学模式,它将传统的课堂教学模式进行了颠覆。

在这种模式下,学生在课前通过观看视频等方式自主学习新知识,课堂时间则更多地用于讨论、实践和深入理解。

这种模式有助于提高学生的学习积极性和自主学习能力,同时也要求教师具备更高的引导和组织能力。

(二)作文题目:《我理想中的教育》我理想中的教育,应当是一片沃土,让每一颗种子都能在这里找到适合自己的生长空间。

在这片土地上,没有单一的评价标准,没有刻板的教学模式,有的只是对每个孩子个性的尊重和潜能的挖掘。

在这样的教育环境中,老师不再是知识的单向传递者,而是学生学习过程中的引导者和伙伴。

他们不仅传授知识,更引导学生如何去思考、去探索、去实践。

学生们不再是被动接受的容器,而是积极求知的探索者,他们勇于提问,敢于质疑,善于合作,乐于分享。

课程设置应当多元化,不仅仅局限于传统的语文、数学、英语等学科,还应当包括艺术、体育、科学实验等多样化的课程,让学生在不同领域都能找到自己的兴趣所在。

同时,教育不应仅仅局限于课堂,社会实践、户外探索等活动也是学习的重要组成部分,让学生在实践中学习和成长。

评价体系也应当是全面的,不仅关注学生的学业成绩,更关注学生的创新能力、团队协作能力、社会责任感等综合素质。

通过多元化的评价方式,让学生明白,学习不仅仅是为了考试,更是为了成为一个全面发展的人。

总之,我理想中的教育,是能够激发每个孩子潜能的教育,是能够让每个孩子都发光发热的教育。

在这样的教育下,孩子们不仅能够获得知识和技能,更能够拥有追求梦想的勇气和力量。

浅析一道复旦自主招生面试题,及面试题汇集

浅析一道复旦自主招生面试题,及面试题汇集

浅析一道复旦自主招生面试题,及面试题汇集浅析一道复旦自主招生面试题,及面试题汇集郑燮是康熙秀才、雍正状元、乾隆进士,这是真的还是假的,请说说原因。

小王当时被问倒了,因为学习时并没有过郑燮到底历经过几朝,但是后来仔细一想,其实只要推理一下:郑燮是1693到1765年间的人,康熙1667年亲政,持续了61年,雍正只有短短的13年,可以推断出郑燮一定是历经三朝的,那么这个名号是可信的。

小王应该是一个很刻苦很优秀的学生了,他能准确记下这么多的数据,而且其中的年份数据是比较冷僻的,相信他同时也记住了很多事件。

但是,这道题,小王不仅当时没答出来,后来的推理也不对路。

梦里江河记不得这么多年份,但很容易答对这道题。

梦里江河的解题思路是怎样的呢?第一条,从记忆进行判断。

梦里江河以前过状元问题,记得王维、吕蒙正、蔡京、文天祥、杨慎、张骞这些比较有名的文状元。

郑燮就是郑板桥,也是很有名的文人了,如果他是状元,应该有印象,现在没有这个印象,他就不是状元。

对于中学生来说,也许没有刻意去了解历史上谁是状元,但在应试作文中,除了屈原、司马迁、李白、苏轼、文天祥等等,郑燮也是一个频繁登场的重要人物了,学生们对他并不陌生。

若郑燮是状元,老师多半会讲到,小王一定会记得,据此就可以判断郑燮不是状元了。

第二条,从常识进行推理。

如果有人对你说:李宇春2005年参加湖南卫视超级女声比赛获得冠军,2007年又参加湖南卫视超级女声比赛,没有得冠军,但进入了十强。

就算你平时不关心谁是超级女声,你会相信吗?当然不信。

状元就是皇帝钦点的进士第一名,他的科举考试成绩已经到顶了,下一步就是去做官了。

郑燮尽管自况难得糊涂,但他如果真是雍正点的状元,会糊涂到再去考乾隆的进士吗?有关部门会让他去考吗?假如真的很荒谬的放他去考了,乾隆也得点他状元啊,否则就对老皇帝不孝了。

如果我是考生,我会把这两条都说说,这样一来,教授来不及问我其他问题,15分钟面试时间就过去了,他一定会给我高分的。

2020年复旦大学强基计划数学试题及其详解

2020年复旦大学强基计划数学试题及其详解

2020年复旦大学强基计划数学试题及其详解甘志国(北京市丰台二中㊀100071)摘㊀要:2020年复旦大学强基计划数学试题共计33道ꎬ全部是单项选择题.本文中的试题均是由参加考试的学生回忆得出的ꎬ因而回忆出的题目可能不准确(没有回忆出选项的题目均改成了填空题)ꎬ题号也不准确.㊀关键词:复旦大学ꎻ强基计划ꎻ数学试题ꎻ详解ꎻ华清园教育ꎻ整理中图分类号:G632㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文献标识码:A㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文章编号:1008-0333(2020)28-0051-03收稿日期:2020-07-05作者简介:甘志国(1971-)ꎬ湖北省竹溪人ꎬ研究生ꎬ正高级教师ꎬ特级教师ꎬ从事高中数学教学研究.基金项目:本文系北京市教育学会 十三五 教育科研滚动立项课题 数学文化与高考研究 (课题编号FT2017GD003ꎬ课题负责人:甘志国)阶段性研究成果之一.㊀㊀试题及其解答是笔者由华清园教育(http://gk.qhyedu.com/qhy/20200714/98185.html)等公开的内容整理而成的.1.已知直线m:xcosα-y=0和直线n:3x+y-c=0ꎬ则(㊀㊀).A.m和n可能重合B.m和n不可能垂直C.直线m上存在点Pꎬ使得直线n绕点P旋转后与直线m重合D.以上都不对2.Given㊀two㊀sets㊀A:1ꎬ2ꎬ3ꎬ4ꎬ5{}㊀and㊀B:3ꎬ4ꎬ5ꎬ6ꎬ7{}ꎬthen㊀the㊀intersection㊀set㊀of㊀A㊀and㊀B㊀is(㊀㊀).A.{1ꎬ2}㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀B.{3ꎬ4ꎬ5}C.{1ꎬ2ꎬ3ꎬ4ꎬ5ꎬ6ꎬ7}㊀㊀D.{6ꎬ7}3.若实数xꎬy满足x2+2xy-1=0ꎬ则x2+y2最小值为.4.若点O是әABC的内心ꎬcosøBAC=13ꎬ且满足AOң=xABң+yACңꎬ则x+y的最大值是.A.3+32㊀㊀B.3-32㊀㊀C.34㊀㊀D.435.Which㊀number㊀that㊀number㊀5㊀is㊀the㊀cubic㊀root㊀of?A.3㊀㊀B.5㊀㊀C.25㊀㊀D.1256.在抛物线y2=2px(p>0)中ꎬ过焦点F作直线交抛物线于两点AꎬBꎬ且有AFң=3FBң.再过点A作抛物线准线的垂线ꎬ垂足为Aᶄꎬ准线与x轴交于点C.若四边形CFAAᶄ的面积是123ꎬ则p=.7.已知抛物线x=3y2的焦点为Fꎬ若该抛物线在点A处的切线与直线AF的夹角为30ʎꎬ则点A的横坐标为.A.19㊀㊀B.136㊀㊀C.14㊀㊀D.1168.已知点P在直线xy-6-14=0上ꎬ且点P到点A2ꎬ5()和点B(4ꎬ3)的距离相等ꎬ则点P的坐标为.9.已知两点A(xꎬy)ꎬB(yꎬx)ꎬ其中xꎬyɪ{1ꎬ2ꎬ3ꎬ4ꎬ5ꎬ6ꎬ7ꎬ8}且xʂyꎬ连结OAꎬOB(其中O是坐标原点)ꎬ则øAOB=2arctan13的概率为.10.arcsin14+328+arcsin34=.A.π3㊀㊀B.π2㊀㊀C.2π3㊀㊀D.3π411.已知三棱锥P-ABC的体积为212ꎬ且AB=6ꎬAC=BC=4ꎬAP=BP=10ꎬ则CP=.12.在әABC中ꎬ已知AB=9ꎬBC=6ꎬCA=7ꎬ则BC边上中线长为.13.已知fx()=asin(2πx)+bcos(2πx)+csin(4πx)15+dcos(4πx)ꎬ若f12+xæèçöø÷+fx()=f2x()ꎬ则在aꎬbꎬcꎬd中能确定的参数是.14.若关于x的实系数一元三次方程x3+ax2+4x+5=0有一个根是纯虚数ꎬ则a=.15.x2+1x+y3+1yæèçöø÷10的展开式中的常数项为16.limnң¥11ˑ4+12ˑ5+ +1nn+3()[]=17.已知xꎬyɪ[-π4ꎬπ4]ꎬ若x2+cos(x+3π2)-2a=0ꎬ4y2+sinycosy+a=0ꎬ{则cos(x+2y)的值是.A.0㊀㊀B.1㊀㊀C.-1㊀㊀D.与a有关图118.如图1所示ꎬ在凸四边形ABCD中ꎬøBAC=øBDC是øDAC=øDBC的.A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件19.如图2所示ꎬ平面内两条直线l1ꎬl2交于点OꎬM为该平面内的任意一点.若点M到直线l1ꎬl2的距离分别为pꎬqꎬ则称(pꎬq)是点M的 距离坐标 .pꎬq是已知的非负常数ꎬ给出下列三个结论:图2(1)若p=q=0ꎬ则 距离坐标 为(0ꎬ0)的点有且仅有1个ꎻ(2)若pq=0ꎬ且p+qʂ0ꎬ则 距离坐标 为pꎬq()的点有且仅有2个ꎻ(3)若pqʂ0ꎬ则 距离坐标 为pꎬq()的点有且仅有4个.其中正确结论的个数是.A.0㊀㊀B.1㊀㊀C.2㊀㊀D.320.若函数f(x)=3x-3-x的反函数为y=f-1(x)ꎬ则g(x)=f-1(x-1)+1在[-3ꎬ5]上的最大值和最小值的和为.A.0㊀㊀B.1㊀㊀C.2㊀㊀D.421.若k>4ꎬ则直线kx-2y-2k+8=0与2x+k2y-4k2-4=0与两条坐标轴围成的四边形面积的取值范围是.22.如图3所示ꎬ已知AꎬBꎬCꎬD四点共圆ꎬ且AB=1ꎬ图3CD=2ꎬAD=4ꎬBC=5ꎬ则PA=.A.133㊀㊀B.143㊀㊀C.5㊀㊀D.16323.已知向量数列anң{}满足an+1ң=anң+dң(nɪN∗)ꎬ且a1ң=3ꎬa1ңdң=-32.若Sn=a1ңðni=1aiңꎬ则当Sn取最大值时ꎬn=.A.8㊀㊀B.7㊀㊀C.6㊀㊀D.6或724.给定5个函数ꎬ其中3个是奇函数但不是偶函数ꎬ2个是偶函数但不是奇函数ꎬ则在这5个函数中任意取3个ꎬ其中既有奇函数又有偶函数的概率为.25.方程5ρcosθ=4ρ+3ρcos2θ所表示的曲线形状是.26.在平面直角坐标系xOy中ꎬ把点(4ꎬ5)绕点(1ꎬ1)顺时针旋转60ʎꎬ所得的点的坐标为.27.已知实数xꎬy满足x2+y2=1ꎬ若x+2y-a+a+6-x-2y的值与xꎬy的取值无关ꎬ则a的取值范围是.28.某公司安排甲㊁乙㊁丙等7人完成除夕到大年初六共7天的值班任务ꎬ每人值班一天.已知甲不值第一图4天ꎬ乙不值第二天ꎬ甲和丙在相邻两天值班ꎬ则不同的安排方式共有种.29.若函数f(x)的图象如图4所示ꎬ则函数f(f(x))的图象大致为.29.解法1㊀B.设g(x)=ffx()().由f(x)的图象关于y轴对称不关于坐标原点对称ꎬ可得f(x)是偶函数不是奇函数ꎬ所以可得g(x)也是偶函数不是奇函数ꎬ从而可排除选项AꎬD.可得g(1)=ff1()()=f(0)=-1<0ꎬ可排除选项C.30.定义fM(x)=1ꎬxɪMꎬ-1ꎬx∉Mꎬ{M N=x|fM(x)fN(x)=-1{}ꎬ已知集合A=x|x<2-x{}ꎬB=25x|x(x+3)(x-3)>0{}ꎬ则A B=.31.方程3x+4y+12z=2020的自然数解的组数为.A.C2168㊀㊀B.C2169㊀㊀C.C2170㊀㊀D.C217132.已知mꎬnɪZꎬ且0ɤnɤ11.若22020+32021=12m+nꎬ则n=.A.4㊀㊀B.7㊀㊀C.10㊀㊀D.1333.下列不等式恒成立的是(㊀㊀).A.x2+1x2ȡx+1x㊀㊀㊀B.|x-y|+1x-yȡ2C.|x-y|-1x-yȡ2D.|x-y|ȡ|x-z|+|y-z|参考答案1.C㊀2.B㊀3.㊀5-12㊀4.B㊀5.B㊀6.22㊀7.C8.(1ꎬ2)㊀9.19㊀10.d㊀11.98ʃ743㊀12.214㊀13.aꎬbꎬcꎬd㊀14.54㊀15.12600㊀16.1118㊀17.B㊀18.C㊀19.D㊀20.C㊀21.(174ꎬ8)㊀22.B㊀23.D㊀24.910㊀26.(52+23ꎬ3-323)㊀27.[5-6ꎬ-5]㊀28.1128㊀29.B㊀30.(-ɕꎬ-3]ɣ[0ꎬ1)ɣ(3ꎬ+ɕ)㊀31.C㊀32.B㊀33.A㊀㊀参考文献:[责任编辑:李㊀璟]函数与不等式齐驱并驾㊀多角度解决最值问题2020年全国Ⅱ卷第21题一题多解探讨张培杰(云南省大理大学教师教育学院㊀671000)摘㊀要:最值问题能考查学生推理㊁转换㊁归纳等综合数学能力ꎬ每年高考都会出现.在高中数学教学中ꎬ最值问题的有两个主要的解决策略ꎬ一是转换成函数ꎬ利用函数性质求解ꎬ二是利用不等式求解.2020年全国Ⅱ卷第21题第(2)问是典型的最值问题ꎬ本文分别从函数性质和不等式的角度给出不同的解答ꎬ以总结出一般的思路步骤ꎬ供复习参考.关键词:最值问题ꎻ函数ꎻ不等式ꎻ一题多解中图分类号:G632㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文献标识码:A㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文章编号:1008-0333(2020)28-0053-03收稿日期:2020-07-05作者简介:张培杰(1993.9-)ꎬ男ꎬ研究生ꎬ从事数学教学研究.㊀㊀一㊁真题再现(2020年全国Ⅱ卷第21题)已知函数f(x)=sin2xsin2x.(1)讨论f(x)在(0ꎬπ)的单调性ꎻ(2)证明:f(x)ɤ338ꎻ(3)证明:sin2xsin22xsin24x sin22nxɤ3n4n.通过观察题目发现ꎬ该题以三角函数为背景ꎬ考查判断函数在区间内的单调性㊁求函数值域㊁不等式证明等多个知识点.题目综合性强ꎬ难度较大ꎬ对考生的逻辑推理能力和运算能力有较高的要求ꎬ很好地体现了课程标准要求的核心素养导向ꎬ具有高考命题需要的区分度.下面重点给出第(2)问的一题多解ꎬ对于第(1)㊁(3)问仅给出一种可行的解答.35。

上海复旦附中自主招生英语试题(3)含答案(20200802193610).pdf

上海复旦附中自主招生英语试题(3)含答案(20200802193610).pdf

上海复旦附中自主招生英语试题(3)1.A.increasinglyB.loweringmonD.solutionsE.individuallyF. callingG.dependent H.shortcomings I.consumption J.introduced K.sensesA United Nations panel on climate change says global warming is causing extreme weather all over the world and is__41__on governments to come up with new ideas to curb gas emissions. Since much of the air pollution comes from coal-fired power plants,scientists in Denmark areenergy needs with new types of smart streetlights.trying to lower their nation’sOur__42__industrialized world needs huge amounts of electrical energy,but our powerplants, plants still rely mostly on technology__43__as early as the19th century—coal—powered hydroelectric dams or somewhat never nuclear energy,all of which have their own__44__.But scientists say we can slow down global warming by__45__energy demands for street lights.urban areasrequire a lot of electricity.These__46__features of the world’sThe U.S.Energy Information Administration estimates that in2012,lighting for buildings, streets and highways in the ed about274billion kilowatt hours.first carbon-neutral city by2025,scientists in the In a bid to make Copenhagen the world’sDanish capital are testing a variety of new street lighting technologies.Kim Brostrom is the chief technical officer at the Danish Outdoor Lighting Lab.“We h ave installed nine kilometers of streets,we have280masts placed here,we have50 different__47__,we have10different management systems,and we have a lot of differentsaid Brostrom.sensorsand things out in the open area,”Chief science officer Jakob Andersen says the lights can be managed__48__from a tablet computer or a smart phone.The main goal is to lower energy__49__when the light is not needed.So the lamp brightens up only when it__50__an approaching pedestrian,cyclist or vehicle.Some of them even have a backup wind generator or a solar cell.2.Diet Coke,diet Pepsi,diet pills,on-fat diet,vegetable diet…We are__51__by the word everywhere we look and listen.We have so easily been attracted by the promise and__52__“diet”of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us.We are paying for products that__53__us psychologically and physically(身体上).Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically.On one level,we are not allowing our brain to__54__that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight,but in controlling the__55__of fatty,high-calorie,unhealthy foods.Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead.All we have to do is to swallow or__56__ in food labels.the word“diet”On another level,diet products have greater psychological effects.Every time we have azero-calorie drink,we are telling ourselves without our__57__that we don’thave to work to get results.Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain,and that life can be without resistance a(n)__58__.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us,but also in the physical harm that they cause.Diet foods can__59__harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having__60__ nutrients(营养成分).Diet foods and diet pills__61__zero calorie only becausethe diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products.Diet products may not be__62__,and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us,it is time to__63__think about buying them.Losing weight lies in the power of minds,not in the power of chemicals. __64__we realize this,we will be much better able to resist diet products,and__65__prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.51. A.confused B.surrounded C.mixed D.fascinated52. A.potential B.affection C.obligation D.calculation53. A.weaken B.harm C.enforce D.inspire54. A.admire B.argue C.deny D.admit55. A.assumption B.digestion C.dissolution D.consumption56. A.recognize B.foresee C.overlook D.research57. A.frustration B.ignorance C.awareness D.emphasis58. A.maintenance B.efficiency C.struggle D.setback59. A.indirectly B.inevitably C.incredibly D.innocently60. A.extra B.basic anic D.delicate61. A.contain B.persist C.exclude D.melt62. A.nutritional B.poisonous C.ridiculous D.sensitive63. A.strongly B.enthusiastically C.eagerly D.seriously64. A.Unless B.While C.Though D.Once65. A.therefore B.otherwise C.meanwhile D.furthermore3.beard was It was a bitter cold evening in northern Virginia many years ago.The old man’sfrost while he waited for a ride across the river.The wait seemed endless.His glazed by winter’sbody became numb and stiff from the frigid north wind.It was long before he heard the faint,steady rhythm of hooves(马蹄)along the frozen path. Anxiously watching several horsemen coming up,he let the first one passby without any effort to get his attention,then another passed by,and another.Finally,the last rider drew near where the old man sat like a snow statue when old man caught his eyes and said,“Sir,would you mind giving an old man a ride to the other side?”Seeing the old man unable to lift Stopping his horse,the rider replied,“Sure!Jump aboard.”his half-frozen body from the ground,the horseman got down to help him.The horseman took him not just across the river,but to his destination just a few miles away.curiosity causedhim to inquire, As they approached the tiny but cozy cottage,the horseman’s“Sir,I noticed you let several other riders passby without making an effort to secure a ride.Then I came up and you immediately asked me for a ride.I am curious why,on such a bitter night,you would wait and ask the last rider.What if I had refused and left you here?”The old man looked the rider straight in the eyes and replied,“Ireckon I know people pretty good.I looked into the eyes of the other riders and immediately found no concern for my situation. It would have been useless even to ask them for a ride.But when I looked into your eyes,your gentle spirit would welcome the opportunity to give me assistancein my time of need.”so grateful for what you Those heart-warming comments touched the horseman deeply.“I’mhe told the old man.“May I never get too busy in my own affairs that I fail to respond have said,”to the needs of others with kindness and compassion.”With that,Thomas Jefferson turned his horse around and made his way back to the White House.the old man ask the previous riders for a ride?66.Why didn’tA.Because he was waiting for the last rider.B.Because his efforts failed to get their attention.C.Because he assumed they had no concern for him.D.Because he was too numb to lift his half-frozen body.67.What caused the last rider to stop and help the old man?warm comments.poor situation. B.The old man’sA.The old man’sC.His own affairs.D.Kindness and sympathy.68.What do you know about the old man?A.He judged people by looking into their eyes.B.He lived in a cozy cottage a few miles away.C.He gave the last rider an opportunity to help.D.He recognized the president at first.69.Which can be the best title of this text?A.Look into your eyes.passion of a great man.C.The last rider to help.D.Return to the White House.4.International Book ClubHave you ever thought of joining a book club and buying new books through the post?Here at the International Book Club,we already have many members buying books from us by mail. Immediate benefits:As a special offer,you may choose any reduced price books from our new members’book list, to the value of$6in total(plus postage and packing).By doing this,you will save pounds on prices.the publishers’Tick the box on your form to order a free watch.If you reply within seven days,we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list by our staff.Order aDVD from the many on offer in our list,at half the recommended retail price.joined:When you’veprice on As a member,you’ll enjoy savings of between30%and50%off the publisher’severy book you buy,and what’scome straight to your door.Your free club magazinemore,they’llarrives once a month,to keep you up to date with the latest bestsellers.This means that every year we offer over1,000books to choose from.On the Internet,you can find all our titles for the yearwebsite.on our exclusive members’Being a member:All we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year.After that,you can decide on the number of books you wish to take.In each of our monthly club magazines,our experienced staff choose a Club Choice book—a work of fiction or a reference title which they feel is particularly worth buying,and which is offered at an extra special price.However,if you do not want this book,just say so in the space provided on the form.We will always send the book if we do not receive this.not every day we can make you an So,return your application form today,but hurry—it’soffer like this.To apply to become a member,all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postage paid envelope supplied.send any money now,as we Before you know it,your books will be with you.Please don’twill send you your bill with the books.And remember,you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered.You should then either return the books or send your payment.belong to the benefits of being a club member?70.Which of the following doesn’tA.Get four books for free in the first year.B.Order a free watch.C.Get a gift for nothing.D.Order a DVD at a low price.71.Every month the club provides a free club magazine in order to_______.A.let readers know the number of books to be soldB.keep readers well informed of recent bestselling booksdevelopmentC.make readers know the club’sD.attract more and more readers to join the club72.If a book is worth$100,how much will a member probably save if he buys one?A.$20B.$40C.$60D.$7073.What should you do if you want to join the book club?A.Just fill in a form with personal information and send the club an email.B.Ask other club members to recommend you to the club.C.Fill in an application form with neededinformation and return it to the club.D.Apply for a membership card.5.In1789the ernment passeda law which said that the land of the American Indians could never be taken from them without their agreement.One hundred years later,however,the Indians only had a very small part of the land that originally belonged to them.How did this great injustice occur?After1812white settlers began to move west across North America.At first,the settlers and the Indians lived in peace.However,the number of settlers increased greatly every year,and slowly the Indians began to see the white settlers as a danger to their survival.To feed themselves,the settlers killed more and more wild animals.The Indians,who depended on these animals for food,had to struggle against starvation.The settlers also brought with them many diseaseswhich were common in white society,but which were new for the Indians.Great numbers of Indians became sick and died.Between1843and1854the Indian population in one area of the country went down from100,000to30,000.More land was needed for the increasing number of white settlers.In Washington,the old respect for the rights of the Indians disappeared.The old promises to the Indians were broken;the government began to move groups of Indians from their original homelands to other poorer parts of the country.Some Indians reacted angrily and violently to this treatment.They began to attack white settlers,and the Indian war began.For30years,until the late1880s,different groups of Indians fought against the injustices of the white man.They had a few famous successes,but the result of the struggle was never in doubt.There were too many white soldiers,and they were too powerful.Many Indians were killed;the survivors were moved from their homelands to different area of the country.It was a terrible chapter in the history of a country that promised freedom and equality to everyone.74.It can be inferred from the passagethat______.A.in the U.S.there were many laws that provided the rights of American IndiansB.the law which was passed in1789by the ernment was not successfully carried outC.in the19th century no injustices were done against the Indians by the ernmentD.the majority of white settlers were openly opposed to the law passedin178975.According to the passagewhich of the following is TRUE?A.The Indians believed that killing too many wild animals had disturbed the balance of nature.B.The government began to have a better understanding of the Indians in the fifties of the 19th century.C.Between1843and1854about70,000Indians were killed in the battle.D.The whites carried serious diseasesinto where the Indians lived.76.It is implied in the passagethat______.A.the Indians had many great successes in the Indians warsB.the Indians had no doubt that they would win the warsC.after the war the Indians stayed where they were beforeD.the Indians were too weak to win the struggle77.What is the writer’sopinion about the treatment that the Indians received from the U.S. government?A.He believed that the government always respected the rights of the Indians.be criticized for its treatment to the Indians.B.He believed that the government can’tC.He believed that the government treated the Indians unjustly.unfair treatment against the Indians was not onD.He believed that the government’spurpose.6.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or thean either/or proposition(命题),although the current emphasis liberal arts in higher education isn’ton preparing young Americans for STEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-related fieldscan make it seemthat way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training,butalso asserts that the study of the humanities(人文学科)and social sciences must remain centraleducational system at all levels.Both are critical to producing citizens components of America’swho can participate effectively in our democratic society,become innovative(创新的)leaders,and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transformnatural to look professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances,it’sway out of the problem“Major in a subjectfor what may appear to be the most“practical”designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some,though this ignores the fact thatoften,in fact,lead to employment andmany disciplines in the humanities characterized as“soft”success in the long run.Indeed,according to surveys,employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well,think critically,research creatively,and communicate easily.Moreover,students should be prepared not just for their first job,but for their4th and5th jobs, little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon toas there’splay many different roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in thisnew environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability toup from science,arts,and technology—to draw upon every available tool and insight—pickedsolve the problems of the future,and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves,will be helpful to them and the United States.(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78.The latest congressional report suggeststhat________________________________.79.What is the main concern of students when they choosea major?80.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?81.What suggestions does the author give to college students?7.In order to study enzymes(酶),a small piece of potato is cut into very thin pieces.These thin pieces are placed in a little glass container and covered with water.Then a little of the proper chemical is added.Immediately,because of the enzyme present in the potato,the chemical starts joining with the oxygen in the air above the water.If the container is entirely closed,a partial vacuum(真空)is framed inside.If the container is now connected with a fine tube which is dippedin water,the water is sucked part way up the tube becauseof the vacuum.The scientists doing the experiment carefully notice how far up the tube is when water is sucked in a certain time.The higher it is sucked,the more of that particular enzyme and evenabout the way in which it operates.And all the time we are working with amounts far too small to see or weigh.1.What do the scientists want to find out in the experiment?a.Whether enzyme is present in the potato.b.What particular enzyme there is in the potato.c.How much enzyme there is in the potato.d.How enzyme works in the potato.A.a and bB.c and dC.b and dD.a and c2.The proper title for the passageis______.A.How a Vacuum Is FormedB.How Enzyme Is StudiedC.How Enzyme Works in a PotatoD.How Much Enzyme There Is in the Potato3.Which of the following correctly shows how the experiment is done?A.Put very thin pieces or potato in a vacuum container.B.Connect the glass container with a tube through which oxygen is sent in.C.Add some chemical to the water before thin pieces of potato are put in.D.Place thin pieces of potato in a glass container,cover them with water and then close it.4.The result of the study shows that______.A.the higher water is sucked,the less of enzyme in the potato isB.the more water is put into,the more of enzyme in the potato isC.the higher water is sucked,the more of enzyme in the potato isD.the lower water is sucked,the more of enzyme in the potato is上海复旦附中自主招生英语试题(3)1.FAJHB CDEIK2.BABDD ACCAB AADDA3.CDAB4.ABBC5.BDDC6.78.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.79.Their chances of getting a good job.80.Those who have received a well-rounded education.81.Preparing themselves to be flexible;achieving every available tool and insight.7.BBDC。

复旦大学自主招生考试数学试题及答案

复旦大学自主招生考试数学试题及答案

1、设函数y=f(x)=e x+1,则反函数OyxOyxO x答案:A2、设f(x)是区间[a,b]f(x)是[a,b]上的递增函数,那么,f(xA.存在满足x<y的x,y∈[a,b]B.不存在x,y∈[a,b]满足x<y且fC.对任意满足x<y的x,y∈[a,b]D.存在满足x<y的x,y∈[a,b]答案:A3、设]2,2[,ππβα-∈,且满足sinαA. [−2,2] B. [答案:D4、设实数0,≥yx,且满足2=+yxA.97/8 B.答案:C5则该多面体的体积为______________。

A.2/3 B.3/4答案:D6、在一个底面半径为1/2,高为1的圆柱内放入一个直径为1的实心球后,在圆柱内空余的地方放入和实心球、侧面以及两个底面之一都相切的小球,最多可以放入这样的小球个数是___________。

A .32个;B .30个;C .28个;D .26个答案:B7、给定平面向量(1,1),那么,平面向量(231-,231+)是将向量(1,1)经过________. A .顺时针旋转60°所得; B .顺时针旋转120°所得; C .逆时针旋转60°所得;D .逆时针旋转120°所得;答案:C8、在直角坐标系O xy 中已知点A 1(1,0),A 2(1/2,3/2),A 4(−1,0),A 5(−1/2,−3/2)和A6(1/2, −3/2).问在向量−−→−ji A A (i ,j=1,2,3,4,5,6,i≠j)中,不同向量的个数有_____. A .9个; B .15个; C .18个; D .30个答案:C9、对函数f:[0,1]→[0,1],定义f 1(x )=f (x ),……,f n(x ) =f (f n −1(x )),n=1,2,3,…….满足f n (x )=x 的点x ∈[0,1]称为f 的一个n −周期点.现设⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≤≤-≤≤=121,22,210,2)(x x x x x f 问f 的n −周期点的个数是___________.A .2n 个;B .2n 2个;C .2n个;D .2(2n−1)个.答案:C10、已知复数z 1=1+3i ,z 2=−3+3i ,则复数z 1z 2的幅角__________. A .13π/12 B .11π/12 C .−π/4 D .−7π/12答案:A11、设复数βαβαcos sin ,sin cos i w i z +=+=满足z w =3/2,则sin (β−α)=______. A .±3/2B .3/2,−1/2C .±1/2D .1/2,−3/2答案:D12、已知常数k 1,k 2满足0<k 1<k 2,k 1k 2=1.设C 1和C 2分别是以y =±k 1(x −1)+1和y =±k 2(x −1)+1为渐近线且通过原点的双曲线.则C 1和C 2的离心率之比e 1/e 等于_______.A .222111k k ++ B .212211k k ++ C .1 D .k 1/k 2答案:C13、参数方程0,)cos 1()sin (>⎩⎨⎧-=-=a t a y t t a x 所表示的函数y=f (x )是____________.A .图像关于原点对称;B .图像关于直线x =π对称;C .周期为2a π的周期函数D .周期为2π的周期函数.答案:C14、将同时满足不等式x −k y −2≤0,2x +3y −6≥0,x +6y −10≤0 (k>0)的点(x ,y )组成集合D 称为可行域,将函数(y +1)/x 称为目标函数,所谓规划问题就是求解可行域中的点(x ,y )使目标函数达到在可行域上的最小值.如果这个规划问题有无穷多个解(x ,y ),则k 的取值为_____.A .k≥1;B .k≤2C .k=2D .k=1.答案:C15、某校有一个班级,设变量x 是该班同学的姓名,变量y 是该班同学的学号,变量z 是该班同学的身高,变量w 是该班同学某一门课程的考试成绩.则下列选项中正确的是________.A .y 是x 的函数;B .z 是y 的函数;C .w 是z 的函数;D .w 是x 的函数.答案:B16、对于原命题“单调函数不是周期函数”,下列陈述正确的是________. A .逆命题为“周期函数不是单调函数”; B .否命题为“单调函数是周期函数”; C .逆否命题为“周期函数是单调函数”; D .以上三者都不正确 答案:D17、设集合A={(x ,y )|log a x +log a y >0},B={(x ,y )|y +x <a}.如果A∩B=∅,则a 的取值范围是_______ A .∅ B .a>0,a≠1 C .0<a≤2, a≠1 D .1<a≤2答案:D18、设计和X 是实数集R 的子集,如果点x 0∈R 满足:对任意a>0,都存在x ∈X 使得0<|x −x 0|<a ,则称x 0为集合X 的聚点.用Z 表示整数集,则在下列集合(1){n/(n+1)|n ∈Z , n≥0}, (2) R\{0}, (3){1/n|n ∈Z , n≠0}, (4)整数集Z 中,以0为聚点的集合有_____. A .(2),(3)B .(1),(4)C .(1),(3)D .(1),(2),(4)答案:A19、已知点A (−2,0),B (1,0),C (0,1),如果直线kx y =将三角形△ABC 分割为两个部分,则当k =______时,这两个部分得面积之积最大?A .23-B .43-C .34-D .32-答案:A20、已知x x x x f 2cos 3cos sin )(+=,定义域⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=ππ127,121)(f D ,则=-)(1x f_____A .π12123arccos 21+⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x B .π6123arccos 21-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x C .π12123arcsin 21+⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--x D .π6123arcsin 21-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x 答案:A21、设1l ,2l 是两条异面直线,则直线l 和1l ,2l 都垂直的必要不充分条件是______ A .l 是过点11l P ∈和点22l P ∈的直线,这里21P P 等于直线1l 和2l 间的距离 B .l 上的每一点到1l 和2l 的距离都相等 C .垂直于l 的平面平行于1l 和2lD .存在与1l 和2l 都相交的直线与l 平行 答案:D22、设ABC −A’B’C’是正三棱柱,底面边长和高都为1,P 是侧面ABB’A’的中心,则P 到侧面ACC’A’的对角线的距离是_____A .21B .43C .814D .823答案:C23、在一个球面上画一组三个互不相交的圆,成为球面上的一个三圆组.如果可以在球面上通过移动和缩放将一个三圆组移动到另外一个三圆组,并且在移动过程中三个圆保持互不相交,则称这两个三圆组有相同的位置关系,否则就称有不同的位置关系.那么,球面上具有不同的位置关系的三圆组有______A .2种B .3种C .4种D .5种 答案:A24、设非零向量()()()321321321,,,,,,,,c c c c b b b b a a a a ===为共面向量,),,(31x x x x x = 是未知向量,则满足0,0,0=⋅=⋅=⋅x c x b x a的向量x 的个数为_____A .1个B .无穷多个C .0个D .不能确定 答案:B25、在Oxy 坐标平面上给定点)1,2(),3,2(),2,1(C B A ,矩阵⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-112k 将向量OC OB OA ,,分别变换成向量,,,如果它们的终点',','C B A 连线构成直角三角形,斜边为''C B ,则k 的取值为______A .2±B .2C .0D .0,−2 答案:B26、设集合A ,B ,C ,D 是全集X 的子集,A∩B≠∅,A∩C≠∅.则下列选项中正确的是______. A .如果B D ⊂或C D ⊂,则D∩A≠∅; B .如果A D ⊂,则C x D∩B≠∅,C x D∩C≠∅; C .如果A D ⊃,则C x D∩B=∅,C x D∩C=∅; D .上述各项都不正确.27、已知数列{}n a 满足21=a 且n a n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是公比为2的等比数列,则∑==nk k a 1______A .221-+n nB .22)1(1+-+n n C .)1(22-+n n n D .n n n 22)1(+-28、复平面上圆周2211=+--iz z 的圆心是_______ A .3+i B .3−iC .1+iD .1−i29.已知C 是以O 为圆心、r 为半径的圆周,两点P 、P *在以O 为起点的射线上,且满足|OP|∙|OP *|=r 2,则称P 、P *关于圆周C 对称.那么,双曲线22x y -=1上的点P (x ,y )关于单位圆周C':x 2+y 2=1的对称点P *所满足的方程是(A )2244x y x y -=+(B )()22222x y x y-=+(C )()22442x y x y-=+(D )()222222x y x y-=+30、经过坐标变换⎩⎨⎧+-=+=θθθθcos sin 'sin cos 'y x y y x x 将二次曲线06532322=-+-y xy x 转化为形如1''2222=±b y a x 的标准方程,求θ的取值并判断二次曲线的类型_______ A .)(6Z k k ∈+=ππθ,为椭圆 B .)(62Z k k ∈+=ππθ,为椭圆C .)(6Z k k ∈-=ππθ,为双曲线D .)(62Z k k ∈-=ππθ,为双曲线31、设k , m , n 是整数,不定方程mx+ny=k 有整数解的必要条件是____________ A .m ,n 都整除kB .m ,n 的最大公因子整除kC .m ,n ,k 两两互素D .m ,n ,k 除1外没有其它共因子。

2020年《高校自主招生考试》数学真题分类解析之1、不等式

2020年《高校自主招生考试》数学真题分类解析之1、不等式

专题之10、不等式一、选择题。

1.(2009年复旦大学)若实数x满足对任意实数a>0,均有x2<1+a,则x的取值范围是( ) A.(-1,1) B.[-1,1]C.(-,)D.不能确定2.(2010年复旦大学)已知点A(-2,0),B(1,0),C(0,1),如果直线y=kx将△ABC分割为两个部分,则当k= 时,这两个部分的面积之积最大. ( )A.-B.-C.-D.-3.(2010年复旦大学)将同时满足不等式x-ky-2≤0(k>0),2x+3y-6≥0,x+6y-10≤0的点(x,y)组成的集合D称为可行域,将函数z=称为目标函数,所谓规划问题就是求解可行域内的点(x,y),使目标函数达到在可行域内的最小值.如果这个规划问题有无穷多个解,则( ) A.k≥1 B.k≤2 C.k=2 D.k=14.(2011年复旦大学)设n是一个正整数,则函数y=x+在正实半轴上的最小值是( )A. B. C. D.5.(2011年复旦大学)若对一切实数x,都有|x-5|+|x-7|>a,则实数a的取值范围是( ) A.a<12 B.a<7 C.a<5 D.a<26.(2011年清华大学等七校联考)已知向量a=(0,1),b=(-,-),c=(,-),xa+yb+zc=(1,1),则x2+y2+z2的最小值为( )A.1B.C.D.2二、填空题。

7.(2010年中南财经政法大学)已知实数a,b满足a>b,ab=1,则的最小值是 . 8.(2009年华中科技大学) 对任意的a>0,b>0,的取值范围是 .三、解答题。

9.(2009年中国科技大学)求证:∀x,y∈R,不等式x2+xy+y2≥3(x+y-1)恒成立.10.(2009年南京大学)P为△ABC内一点,它到三边BC,CA,AB的距离分别为d1,d2,d3,S为△ABC的面积,求证:++≥.11.(2010年南京大学)(a+b)2+3a+2b=(c+d)2+3c+2d. (*)证明:(1)a=c,b=d的充分必要条件是a+b=c+d;(2)若a,b,c,d∈N*,则(*)式成立的充要条件是a=c,b=d.12.(2010年浙江大学)有小于1的n(n≥2 )个正数:x1,x2,x3,…,x n,且x1+x2+x3+…+x n=1.求证:+++…+>4.13.(2009年清华大学)设a=(n∈N*),S n=(x1-a)(x2-a)+(x2-a)(x3-a)+…+(x n-1-a)(x n-a),求证:S3≤0.14.(2009年清华大学)(1)x,y为正实数,且x+y=1,求证:对于任意正整数n,x n+y n≥;(2)a,b,c为正实数,求证:++≥3,其中x,y,z为a,b,c的一种排列.15.(2009年北京大学)∀x∈R都有acos x+bcos 2x≥-1恒成立,求a+b的最大值. 16.(2011年北京大学等十三校联考)求f(x)=|x-1|+|2x-1|+…+|2 011x-1|的最小值. 17.(2012年北京大学等十一校联考)求+=1的实数根的个数.1.B【解析】对任意实数a>0,函数f(a)=1+a的值域是(1,+∞),因此只要x2≤1即可.由x2≤1,解得x∈[-1,1].3.C【解析】可行域如图中阴影部分所示,目标函数z=的几何意义是可行域内的点与点(0,-1)连线的斜率,如果要使其取得最小值的点有无穷多个,则直线x-ky-2=0必过点(0,-1),即k=2.选C. 在解含有参数的平面区域问题时要注意含有参数的直线系的特点,本题的突破点是直线系x-ky-2=0过定点(2,0).4.C【解析】题中函数为非常规函数,可利用导数求其最值.因为y=x+=x+x-n,所以y'=1-x-n-1=1-,令y'=0得x=1,且函数y在(0,1)上递减,在(1,+∞)上递增,故函数y在正实半轴上的最小值为1+=.5.D【解析】可先求出函数y=|x-5|+|x-7|的最小值,然后根据不等式恒成立的条件求得a的取值范围.由于|x-5|+|x-7|≥|5-7|=2,即函数y=|x-5|+|x-7|的最小值等于2,所以要使|x-5|+|x-7|>a恒成立,应有a<2.方法二∵xa+yb+zc=(1,1),∴-y+z=1,x-y-z=1,∴-y+z=,y+z=2x-2,∴z=+x-1,y=-+x-1,∴x2+(-+x-1)2+(+x-1)2=3x2-2(+1)x+(+1)2+2(-1)x+(-1)2=3x2-4x++2=3(x2-x+)++2-=3(x-)2+≥,当且仅当x=,z=,y=时等号成立.9.x2+xy+y2-3(x+y-1)=(x+y)2+x2+y2-3x-3y+3=(x+y)2+(x-3)2+(y-3)2-6≥(x+y)2+(x+y-6)2-6=(x+y)2-3(x+y)+3=[(x+y)-]2≥0,故∀x,y∈R,不等式x2+xy+y2≥3(x+y-1)恒成立.10.2S=2(S△PBC+S△PCA+S△PAB),2S=ad1+bd2+cd3.要证++≥成立,即证(ad1+bd2+cd3)(++)≥(a+b+c)2成立.由柯西不等式可得上面不等式成立,当且仅当d1=d2=d3时等号成立.11.(1)由a=c,b=d得到a+b=c+d是显然的;反之,把a+b=c+d代入(*)式可得a=c,于是b=d.因此,a=c,b=d的充要条件是a+b=c+d.(2)充分性是显然的,下面证明必要性.当a+b=c+d时,由(1)可知:a=c,b=d,即必要性成立.当a+b>c+d时,有a-c>d-b,设a-c=d-b+p(p≥1),由(*)式得(a+b+1)2+a=(c+d+1)2+c,∴(a+b-c-d)(a+b+c+d+2)+a-c=0,∴[(a-c)-(d-b)](a+b+c+d+2)+a-c=0.∴a-c+p(a+b+c+d+2)=0,∴(1+p)a+pb+(p-1)c+pd+2p=0,这与p≥1相矛盾,于是a+b>c+d不能成立. 同理可证a+b<c+d也不能成立.综上可知:必要性成立.12.∵0<x i<1,∴>(i=1,2,3,…,n).∴+++…+>+++…+≥,又∵1=x 1+x2+x3+…+x n≥n,∴≥n,又∵n≥2,∴+++…+>n2≥4.13.S3=(x1-)(x2-)+(x2-)(x3-)=(x2-)(x1-+x3-)=·=-(x1+x3-2x2)2≤0.14.(1)设x=+a,则y=-a,其中-<a<,于是x n+y n=(+a)n+(-a)n=()n+()n-1·a+()n-2·a2+…+a n+()n-()n-1·a+()n-2·a2-…+(-a)n=2[()n+()n-2·a2+()n-4·a4+…]≥2×()n=.(2)不妨设a≥b≥c>0,即0<≤≤,且{,,}={,,},由排序不等式得++≥++=3.15.2【解析】方法一令cos x=t,则-1≤t≤1,f(t)=2bt2+at+1-b≥0恒成立.(1)当b<0时,,利用线性规划知识,如下图,可以解得:-1≤a+b<1.(2)当b=0时,at+1≥0,由-1≤t≤1,得-1≤a+b≤1.(3)当b>0时,(i),利用线性规划知识,如下图,可以解得:0<a+b<;(ii),即,⇒9b2-(2k+8)b+k2≤0,Δ≥0⇒-1≤k≤2,∴(a+b)max=2;(iii),即,利用线性规划知识,如图,可以解得:-1≤a+b<0.综上,(a+b)max=2.方法二2bcos2x+acos x-b+1≥0,令cos x=-,得+≤1,即a+b≤2,又当a=,b=时,cos2x+cos x+=(2cos x+1)2≥0成立,∴(a+b)max=2.16.【解析】解法一由绝对值的几何意义联想到求距离的最小值,如|x-a|+|x-b|的最小值应该是在数轴上a,b两点之间取得,为|a-b|,所以将函数f(x)的右边整理为|x-1|+|x-|+|x-|+|x-|+|x-|+|x-|+…+|x-|+|x-|+…+|x-|,共有1+2+3+…+2 011=1 006×2 011项,则f(x)可以理解为x到这1 006×2 011个零点的距离之和.从两端开始向中间靠拢,每两个绝对值的和的最小值都是在相应的零点之间取得,而且范围是包含关系,比如|x-1|+|x-|的最小值是在x∈[,1]上取得,|x-|+|x-|的最小值是在x∈[,]上取得,…,所以f(x)的最小值应该在正中间的零点或正中间的相邻两个零点之间取得.由=503×2 011可知,f(x)取得最小值的范围在第503×2 011个零点和第503×2 011+1个零点之间(这两个零点也可能相等).由<503×2 011算得n≤1 421,所以第503×2 011个零点和第503×2 011+1个零点均为,则[f(x)]min=f()=.解法二由零点分区间法讨论去绝对值:当x∈(-∞,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+(1-2x)+…+(1-2 011x),此函数图象是一条直线中的一部分,斜率k1=-1-2-…-2 011.当x∈(,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+(1-2x)+…+(1-2 010x)+(2 011x-1),此函数图象是一条直线中的一部分,斜率k2=-1-2-…-2 010+2 011.当x∈(,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+…+(1-2 009x)+(2 010x-1)+(2 011x-1),此函数图象是一条直线中的一部分,斜率k3=-1-2-…-2 009+2 010+2 011. ……当x∈(,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+…+(1-mx)+[(m+1)x-1]+…+(2 011x-1),此函数图象是一条直线中的一部分,斜率k2 012-m=-1-2-…-m+(m+1)+…+2 011. 当x∈(,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+…+[1-(m-1)x]+(mx-1)+…+(2 011x-1),此函数图象是一条直线,斜率k2 013-m=-1-2-…-(m-1)+m+…+2 011.令,即,即,由于m∈N*,解得m=1 422.所以当x∈(,]时,f(x)=(1-x)+…+(1-1 422x)+(1 423x-1)+…+(2 011x-1)=833-711×1 423x+1 717×589x, [f(x)]min=f()=.。

复旦大学自主招生试题

复旦大学自主招生试题

复旦大学自主招生试题(正文)复旦大学自主招生试题自主招生,作为一种独特的选拔方式,给予了高中生更多展示自己的机会,而复旦大学作为一所顶尖的综合性大学,其自主招生试题更是备受考生关注。

本文将通过介绍复旦大学自主招生试题的一些例子,分析其考查内容和要求。

一、数学试题1. 已知函数f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 12x + 5,求函数f(x)在区间[-2, 3]上的最小值和最大值。

分析:首先,我们需要先求出函数f(x)的导函数f'(x),然后再通过导函数的零点来找出函数f(x)的极值点。

根据极值的定义,我们可以通过求解f'(x) = 0来得到。

2. 某商店商品价格打9折,然后再减去10元,最后的价格是原价的40%。

求该商品的原价。

分析:假设原价为x元,那么根据题意,我们可以得到以下等式:0.9x - 10 = 0.4x。

通过解这个方程,我们可以求出该商品的原价x。

二、英语试题1. 阅读下面短文,并根据短文内容完成后面的题目。

Most people know that exercise is good for their health. Regular physical activity can prevent a multitude of diseases and improve one’s overall well-being. However, it is essential to find an exercise routine that suits your lifestyle and preferences. In this regard, yoga is a great option for many.Yoga combines physical poses, breathing exercises, and meditation to promote a healthy mind and body. The slow and controlled movements help build flexibility, strength, and balance. Additionally, the focus on deep breathing and mindfulness promotes relaxation and stress reduction.Furthermore, yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and fitness levels. From beginner classes to advanced poses, there are variations suitable for everyone. It is a versatile practice that can be adapted to individual needs and goals.Based on the information provided in the passage, answer the following questions:a. What are the benefits of regular exercise?b. What aspects does yoga combine?c. Why is yoga suitable for people of all ages and fitness levels?三、文学试题阅读下面的《Active Learning》一文,根据文章内容回答问题。

最新复旦大学历年自主招生---语文真题及答案

最新复旦大学历年自主招生---语文真题及答案

复旦大学自主招生---语文真题071.[唐]韩愈《进学解》:“业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。

”这一句子中“于”的意思是____________。

A.在 B.从 C.由 D.对于2.[当]王充《论衡·量知篇》:“人之学问,知能成就,犹骨象玉石,切磋琢磨。

”其中“磋”字的准确含义是____________。

A.搓弄 B.商量讨论 C.摘取 D.把象牙加工成器物3.《左传·宣公十五年》:“我无尔诈,尔无我虞。

”句中前一个“尔”的意思是。

A.如此 B.而已 C.你 D.那样4.“苦口老师归寂日,知恩弟子庆生辰。

”([宋]惠洪《石门文字禅·云庵生辰》)其中“苦口”一词的含义是_____。

A.佛口B.说话太多口变苦C.口气沉重D.不辞烦劳、反复恳切地说5.当代小说家毕淑敏在《提醒幸福》中写道:“幸福有时会同我们开一个玩笑,乔装打扮而来。

机遇、友情、成功、团圆……它们都酷似幸福,但它们并不等同于幸福。

”与这里的“乔装打扮”一语的意思最远的一顶是_______。

A.涂脂沫粉B.改头换面C.庐山面目D.面目全非6.韩小蕙在《悠悠心会》中写道:“有的夫妻一个屋檐下厮守一辈子,有的同事一个办公室对坐几十年,就是没话,心灵始终隔膜着一片寸草不生的荒漠。

”与这里的“寸草不生”一语的意思最近的一项是______。

A. 赤地千里B.天府之国C.鱼米之乡D.山穷水尽7.2004情,通过中国国际救援队队员等多方救助后情况就得到了改善。

句中方框应填入的字是_________。

A.防B.措C.猝D.促8.[清]刘熙载《艺论》:“是其苦心孤诣,且不欲徇非常人意,况肯徇非常人之意乎?”句中“苦心孤诣”一语的结构属于____。

A.并列式B.偏正式C.补充式D.主谓式9.蒋子龙在《乔厂长上任记》中写道:“但是,他相信生活不是命运,也不是赶机会,而是需要智慧和斗争的无情逻辑!因此他要采取大会战孤注一掷。

”这里的“孤注一掷”在句中作________。

2020年上海市复旦附中自招模拟物理试题(教师版)

2020年上海市复旦附中自招模拟物理试题(教师版)

2020上海复旦附中物理自招模拟试卷(二)单项选择题(一)1.甲、乙两个同学各用200 N 的力沿相反的方向拉测力计,则测力计的示数为A. 100NB. 200 NC. 0 ND. 400 N 【答案】B【解析】【详解】弹簧测力计指示的力为:在平衡状态(静止或匀速直线运动)下,一端的拉力数值,两位同学沿相反方向拉弹簧测力计,各用200N 的拉力,弹簧测力计示数应为200N.故B 正确..2.一个物体同时受到两个力的作用,这两个力的三要素完全相同,那么这两个力A. 可能是平衡力B. 肯定不是平衡力C. 肯定是平衡力D. 无法确定 【答案】B【解析】【详解】两个力的三要素完全相同,说明了这两个力的方向也相同.而平衡力的方向是相反的,由此可知这两个力一定不是平衡力.故B 正确.3.如图所示,物体A 在水平力F 的作用下,静止在竖直墙壁上。

当水平力减小为2F 时,物体A 恰好沿竖直墙壁匀速下滑,此时物体A 所受摩擦力的大小( )A. 减小为原来的12B. 和原来一样C. 增大为原来的2倍D. 无法判断 【答案】B【解析】【详解】物体静止和匀速下滑,都是平衡状态,所受平衡力为重力和摩擦力,根据平衡力特点可知:摩擦力等于重力,而重力不变,所以两次摩擦力不变。

故选B 。

4.一物体做匀速直线运动,由公式v=s t可知()A. v与s成正比B. v与t成反比C. s与t正比D. 以上说法都不对【答案】C【解析】【详解】A.已知物体做匀速直线运动,所以v是确定的,与s的大小无关,A错误;B.已知物体做匀速直线运动,所以v是确定的,与t的大小无关,B错误;C.已知物体做匀速直线运动,由公式s=vt知,v一定,t越大,s越大,即s与t成正比,C正确;D.因为选项C正确,D错误。

故选C。

5.重约3N的物体可能是()A. 一枚1元硬币B. 一本练习本C. 一只鸡蛋D. 一听可乐【答案】D【解析】【详解】3N物体的质量m=3N10N/kgGg=0.3kg=300gA.一枚1元硬币的质量大约5g,不符合题意;B.一本练习本的质量大约40g,不符合题意;C.一只鸡蛋的质量大约50g,不符合题意;D.一听可乐质量大约300g,符合题意。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
相关文档
最新文档