小学英语语法专题一：形容词和副词

形容词和副词

第一节形容词（adj.）

一、定义：用来形容人或事物特点的词。

二、形容词的作用：

1. 作定语：e.g. ①It’s an interesting book.②a red apple

2. 作表语：用在系动词后：

be动词，五感动词(smell, taste, sound, look, feel) 和get, become, turn 后+ adj 作表语。

e.g. ①She is angry.②Mary is tall. The food tastes delicious. The silk feels soft.

3. 作宾语补足语。①We should keep our classroom tidy and clean.

②We should make our country beautiful and strong.

三、貌似adv. 的adj。

lonely (孤独的),friendly (友好的), lively (生动的),lovely (可爱的), deadly (致命的)等。

四、复合形容词。

He is an eleven- year- old boy. 数--单名作定语good- looking好看的，warm- hearted热心的，middle-aged中年的

五、多个adj的排序问题。

口诀：美、小、圆、旧、黄、法国、木、书房。

一张小的圆木桌。a small round wooden table.

一件黑色的旧大衣。an old black coat.

六、以–ing 和–ed结尾的adj用法区别：

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Julia thinks maths is very interesting because she is interested in maths.

boring I’m bored with my job.

interesting I’m not interested in my job any more.

My job is tiring I’m always tired when I do my homework.

satisfying I’m not satisfied with my job.

depressing My job makes me depressed.

通过以上例子发现，当修饰人或人作主语时用–ed，当修饰物或物作主语时用–ing。

第二节副词（adv.）

一、副词的构成：

许多adv来源于adj, 在adj词尾后加上–ly而成。这些adj向adv转换遵循两个规则：

1. 在adj后直接+ ly.

quick — quickly sudden — suddenly rapid — rapidly warm — warmly

2. 以“辅+y” 结尾的adj, 把y变i, 再加-ly.

thirsty — thirstily hungry — hungrily angry — angrily

happy — happily ready — readily hearty — heartily

3. 去e加ly：terrible—terribly

二、adv的作用。

1. 修饰v. 表示行为或动作的方式。He listens carefully.

Please speak quietly. Tom looked at me sadly. She speaks English perfectly.

2. 修饰adj. It was terribly dry. I’m terribly sorry.

3. 修饰其他adv. He sings very well.

第三节形容词、副词的特殊用法

1. enough. 足够地

She shouldn’t get married yet. She’s not old enough.

The English and Maths papers weren’t easy enough for me. (新一L103)

★enough用在adj和adv之后。

2. too…to… 太……而不能……

She is not old enough to get married. = She is too young to get married.

★too + adj / adv + to… 太…而不能

3. so / so...that... 如此……以至于……

The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.

I was so tired that I fell asleep. The story was so stupid.

总结：so...that / so 后+ adj / adv.

4. It is important for us to learn English.

I found it difficult for me to sing English songs.

总结：It is + adj (for sb) to do sth

主+ v. + it + adj to do sth 两个句型。即it 作形式主语/形式宾语adj的考点。

adj与adv的比较级，最高级

adj与adv比较级，最高级的构成一样。

一、规则变化。

口诀：直、去、双、变、加。

1. long → longer few → fewer young → younger weak → weaker low → lower hard → harder

规则变化，直接+ er/est。

2. nice → nicer large → larger wide → wider fine → finest safe → safer

以e结尾，直接+ r/st。

3. big → bigger hot → hotter thin → thinner fat → fatter wet → wetter red → redder

以一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母结尾，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est。

4. heavy → heavier early → earlier busy → busier dirty → dirtier easy → easier hungry → hungrier

以一个辅音字母+ y结尾，y变i + er/est。

5. difficult → more difficult useful → more useful careful → more careful quietly → more quietly

slowly → more slowly more / most + 双音节或多音节词

6. 特殊变化：clever→ cleverer, cleverest

二、不规则变化。(好，坏，多，少，远，老)

good / well → better → best bad / badly / ill → worse → worst

many / much → more → most little → less → least

far → farther → farthest（表距离）→ further → furthest（表程度）

old → older → oldest ；→ elder → eldest（只作定语，如：elder sister姐姐）

第五节adj/adv比较级、最高级用法