2016年4月8日GRE真题最全解析

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2016年考研英语真题及解析

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days， 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [ D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that”incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing itschance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could beinfluenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge atthe Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)1、【答案】[B] as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，“择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友”显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。

2016考研英语(一)真题及答案详细解析

Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1.[标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2.[标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。

2016年4月05844国际商务英语真题及答案

Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

1. cross-border transaction2. absolute advantage3. Free on Board4. net positions5. confirmed letter of credit6. shipping marks7. indirect quote8. traded options market9. Generalized System of Preference10. differential treatmentⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

11.外汇12.技术进步13.初级产品14.资本市场15.承兑交单16.大宗货物17.自有承运人18.交货费用19.国际收支20.关税配额Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

21. assess a. done by one side or party only22. decentralize b. a tax on the difference between the cost of an item and its selling price23. unilaterally c. to judge an amount or value24. contracting parties d. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area25. ban e. the terminal to which goods are sent26. impeccable f. signatories of an agreement27. destination g. faultless28. deposit h. required as a condition for something else29. prerequisite i. prohibit，forbid30. V AT j. Money paid as part payment that is owedⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English：本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

2016年英语专八考试真题及答案

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)-GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN]SECTION A MINI—LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture。

You will hear the mini—lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini—lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word（s) you fill in is （are）both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Y ou may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap—filling task。

Now listen to the mini—lecture. When it is over，you will be given THREE minutes to check your work。

SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY。

2016GRE阅读真题解析

2016GRE阅读真题解析2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage2PP2-4Passage 2The dusky salamander lives only in slow-moving streams where organic debris settles and accumulates. In almost all places in New York State where ducky salamanders used to live, suburban development has cleared uplands and put down asphalt. As a result, rainwater now runs directly into streams, causing increased flow that slows the accumulation of organic sediments. Therefore, it is probably the increased flow caused by suburban development that is responsible for the dusky salamander’s virtual disappearanc e from New York State.1. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?A. Since 1980 the suburban population of New York State has grown ten times faster than its urban population.B. Dusky salamanders have disappeared in the past ten years from some suburban areas of New York State that were originally developed more than a century ago and that have not experienced significant development for decades.C. The two-line salamander, a species that lives in both slow- and swift-moving waters, continues to thrive in streams in New York State from which dusky salamanders have disappeared.D. Suburban development in New York State contributes significantly to pollution of local streams with lawn fertilizers that are poisonous to most small aquatic animals.E. Much of the suburban development in New York State has been occurring in areas that never provided prime habitat fordusky salamanders.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage1PP2-4Passage 1Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlem “stride” style, and an important blues and jazz composer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African American, traditions.Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924 both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhaud’s and Gershwin’s experiments. In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from spirituals and Johnson’s own popular songs. Yamekraw, premiered successfully in Carnegie Hall, was major achievement for Johnson, becoming his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly the possibility of assimilating contemporary popular music into the symphonic tradition.1. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. A historical overview is presented, and a particular phenomenon is noted and analyzed.B. A popular belief is challenged, and a rival interpretation is presented and supported.C. A common viewpoint is presented and modified, and themodification is supported.D. An observation is made and rejected, and evidence for that rejection is presented.E. A common claim is investigated, and an alternative outlook is analyzed and criticized.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2. The author suggests which of the following about most classical composers of the early 1920s?A. They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of the Milhaud and Gershwin.B. They had little working familiarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songs.C. They made few attempts to introduce innovations into the classical symphonic tradition.3. The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT:A. jazz worksB. popular songsC. symphonic musicD. spiritualsE. blues pieces2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage3PP2-3Passage 3Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urbanhouseholds had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.1. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?A. People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.B. Households that had sent their clothes to professional laundries before 1925 were more likely than other households to purchase an electric washing machine when they became available.C. People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households.D. The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing machines.E. In the 1920s and 1930s the proportion of rural households with electricity was smaller than the proportion of urban households with electricity.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage2PP2-3Passage 2In 1996, scientists caused an experimental flood of the Colorado River by releasing water from Glen Canyon Dam above the Grand Canyon. Because an unintentional flood in 1983 had reduced the river’s introduced population of nonnative trout,biologists were concerned that the experimental flood would wash many fish, native and nonnative, downstream. T o find out, biologists placed nets in the river. The nets captured a few more trout than they would have without the flood but did not show substantial flushing of native fish, whose ancestors had, after all, survived many larger natural floods. The biologists surmised that the native species (and most of the trout) must have quickly retreated to protected areas along the riverbank.1. Which of the following, if true, would make the information presented in the passage compatible with the experimental flood’s in fact having caused substantial flushing of native fish?A. Many of the native fish are too small to have been captured by the nets.B. There had been and increase from normal levels in the native fish population prior to the flood.C. The native fish in the Colorado are much stronger swimmers than taxonomically similar fish in other rivers in the region.D. The unintentional flood of 1983 had not affected the river’s trout population as much as was originally thought.E. The experimental flood raised the water level much less than a typical natural flood would have.2. According to the passage, which of the flowing is true of the Colorado River flood of 1983?A. The flood had a negative effect on the river’s trout population.B. There was substantial flushing of the river’s native fish population during the flood.C. Unlike the 1996 flood, it was not deliberately caused forscientific research purposes.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage1PP2-3Passage 1Some universities have created environmental studies programs that can be marketed to prospective students but that suffer from too little administrative support, limited faculty resources, and a lack of careful deliberation over the hard choices. In the short term, this institutional strategy can pay rich dividends: at minimal expense a university can lay claim to an environmental studies program and attract new students or accommodate the interest of existing ones, perhaps with the full intention of bringing additional resources to bear in later years. As the number of students in these skeleton programs grows, however, the flimsy administrative and curricular scaffolding begins to buckle, leading to an anything-goes strategy that degenerates into curricular incoherence.1. The passage implies which of the following about the relationship between students and environmental studies programs?A. Students new to a university are more likely to be aware of environmental studies programs than existing students are.B. Students prefer curricular incoherence in environmental studies programs to rigid administrative decision making.C. The curricular flexibility of an environmental studies program is an attraction for new students.D. If a university offers an environmental studies program, then students will enroll in it.E. New students will guarantee the success of an environmental studies program.2. The passage suggests which of the following about “skeleton programs” in en vironmental studies?A. They may fail to attract prospective students.B. At some point they are likely to collapse into curricular confusion.C. They may par rich dividends in short term.。

4月8日gre填空真题分享你值得拥有!

4月8日gre填空真题分享你值得拥有!2016年4月8日的gre填空考试已经结束，不知道正在备战新gre填空的考生是否清楚本次考试的内容了呢?当然，不清楚也不要紧哦!在今天的文章中，天道小编就为同学们准备了这一天的gre填空真题，赶紧来瞧瞧吧!提前预祝考生们能够在新gre填空考试中取得满意成绩!4月8日的gre填空考了啥?别着急!下面，天道小编就为您准备了新gre填空机经，一起来看!gre填空真题1.In the solar system, collisions among the planets are among themost_____processes shaping surfaces: many a picture of the planets in it show that aproliferation of impact craters happened in the last 4 to 5 billion years.A. cataclysmicB. pervasiveC. misleadingD. clairvoyantE. vivacious答案：E2.Many innovative photographers were delighted to find in instant photography amode that encouraged them to stop viewing photographers as____ and startviewing it as something they could handle with spontaneity, even derision.A. sacrosanctB. ephemeralC. malleableD. sacrilegiousE. evanescent答案：A3.Researchers in University of Maryland discover that many people subconsciouslythink that in assessment of others competence and warmth are (i) ____: whenthey feel someone is highly capable, they will assert that he or she must havea tendency to be (ii) ______.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A.clearly interconnected D. passiveB.inversely related E. nonchalantC.physically paralyzed F. unfeeling答案：BE4.Recent scholarship has questioned the (i) ____ of tropical forests around theworld. Archaeologists have shown, for example, that the largest contiguoustract of what was thought to be virgin rain forest in the southern Amazon hadbeen transformed into a cultural parkland before European contact, and many ofthe forest islands in West Africa’s savanna forest transition zone are(ii)_____ as well.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. diversity D. isolatedB. naturalness E. endangeredC. sustainability F. anthropogenic答案：BF5.Unlike some mammals-- cows and sheep, for instance-- that are notably____,lions have a wide range of facial expressions.A. tameB. reticentC. impassiveD. rampantE. rapacious答案：C关于gre填空的内容，天道小编就为同学们介绍完毕了!在上面的文章中，天道小编主要就2016年4月8日的gre填空真题，与备考生们进行了分享，还望大家可以好好“利用”哦!如需了解更多新gre填空的资讯，还请继续关注我们的频道!感谢您的阅读!天道留学服务针对每个学生，我们明确需要完成以下五个任务:1. 根据学生目标和背景分析其机会和问题(To help clients analyze opportunities and problems associated with their goals and background)2. 通过头脑风暴协助学生进行自我内省，与学生共同分析个人规划和职业目标，让学生清晰个人定位，让学生的教育投资获得最佳回报。

2016英语专业四级真题与题解

2016英语专业四级真题与题解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)—GRADE FOUR—T IME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSB. To ask the man a few questions about his interview.C. To tell the man the procedure of the interview.D. To explain to the man how to make a presentation.2. A. Questions related to the job.B. General questions about himself.C. Specific questions about his CV.D. Questions about his future plan.3. A. Questions from the interviewers.B. Questions from the interviewee.C. Presentation from the interviewee.D. Requests from the interviewee.4. A. Educational and professional background.B. Problems he has faced and solved.C. Major successes in his career so far.D. Company future and his contribution.5. A. 11 a.m., next Tuesday.B. 11 a.m., next Thursday.C. 9 a.m., this Tuesday.D. 9 a.m., this Thursday.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. How college students pay for their education.B. How to handle the problem of college loans.C. The disadvantage of college loans.D. Government financing in college education.7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.B. It has increased by 8 to 10%.C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%.D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%.8. A. Student’s family income.B. First year salary after graduation.C. A fixed amount of 30, 000 dollars.D. Payment in the next ten years.9. A. Students can borrow money first.B. Students pay no tax on savings.C. Students pay less tax after graduation.D. Students withdraw without paying tax.10. A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.B. Neglecting their study at college.C. Giving up further education.D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one wordor phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. How can I concentrate if you __________ continually __________ me with silly questions?A. have… interruptedB. had… interruptedC. are… interruptingD. were… interrupting12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence __________ express the highest degree of possibility.A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.13. She is a better speaker than __________ in the class.A. all the girlsB. the other boysC. other any girlD. any boy14. Nobody heard him sing, __________?A. did theyB. did heC. didn’t theyD. did one15. I can’t put up with __________.A. that friend of youB. that friend of yoursC. the friend of youD. the friend of yours16. There has been an increasing number of __________ in primary schools in past few years.A. man teacherB. men teacherC. man teachersD. men teachers17. This is one of the issues that deserve __________.A. mentioningB. being mentionedC. to mentionD. for mention18. The audience __________ excited on seeing__________ favorite star glide onto the stage.A. were… itsB. were… theirC. was… theirD. was… one’s19. __________ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.A. Hadn’t it been forB. Had it not been forC. Had it been forD. Had not it been for20. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money express the speaker’s __________.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief21. The Attorney General ordered a federalautopsy of Brown’s body, seeking to __________ the family and community there would be a thorough investigation into his death.A. ensureB. assureC. insureD. ascertain22. The police department came under strongcriticism for both the death of an unarmed and its handling of the __________.A. consequenceB. outcomeC. resultD. aftermath23. The Foreign Secretary tried to __________ doubts about his handling of the crisis.A. dispelB. expelC. repelD. quell24. Mutual funds are thus best for investorswho don’t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who __________ the resources to build a portfolio.A. depriveB. lackC. yearnD. attain25. Chris ran __________ John at asporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck __________ an easy rapport.A. into…upB. on…intoC. across…onD. against…into26. “I’m leaving the country soon,”he told a __________ convened group of reporters.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. speciallyD. specifically27. Israel and Hamas had reached a deal onextending the __________ ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at midnight.A. contemporaryB. makeshiftC. spontaneousD. temporary28. __________ to unplugging the alarm clockand trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.A. DueB. PriorC. RelatedD. Thanks29. If you are an athlete, strong abdominalmuscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during __________upper-body movement.A. valiantB. variableC. vigorousD. vigilant30. Finning is a cruel __________ in which theshark’s fins are lopped off, and the liveshark is thrown back to sea.A. realityB. truthC. skillD. practicePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. ampleB. combinationsC. directlyD. disseminatedE. generationsF. genuinelyG. insteadH. listsI. promulgatedJ. publicizedK. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtualImagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typeswriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such__________ (31) of subjects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, __________ (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and __________ (33) their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through __________ (34), and spread to others,in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and __________ (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing.A world without writing would bear __________(36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a __________ (37) necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not __________(38) involved in food procurement or production.A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade, and its public works, requires a __________ (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writingbut __________ (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic, I was alone in the world, and had nothing todepend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-fourI went without food and shelter.(2)About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear——minus one bite——into the gutter. Istopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3)I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “ Step in here, please.”(4)I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, Ihad to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5)Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.(6)You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his beingin possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7)I finally became the pick of it.41. In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet”probably means __________.A. put me asideB. start my journeyC. prepare meD. let me walk42. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that __________.A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pearC. The man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear43. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more __________ towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total strange.A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1)The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some language, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons --- that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them.The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. InChristian art, the dove was used to symbolized the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head.(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popularmovements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after rain.Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7)The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway could protect you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church - it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympics Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9)The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was foundin many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Concept of Peace.B. Origin of Peace Symbols.C. Popular Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all thefollowing countries EXCEPT __________.A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate __________.A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47.The origin of the ankh can date back to __________.A. the NileB. the “afterword”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into goodcitizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny”problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and PresidentClinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5)Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6)On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7)Not only can we never find the “perfect”punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment --- even the disgrace of being charged with a crime --- is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “Ibeat it”.(8)So how can you use the system --- welfare or criminal justice --- to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.(9)We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people --- to make them think and behave the way we do --- when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10)We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.(11)And we have trouble understandingthat not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prison and the mean street of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.(12)I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13)All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14)If we encourage our young people tobelieve in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48. What is the author’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are __________ to the underclass.A. uselessB. hopelessC. frighteningD. humiliating50. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55.What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst of circumstances, we believewe are in control of our lives” (Para. 10)?PART VI WRITING[45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:·summarize the main message of the excerpt,and then·comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.—THE END—A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars......Conversation TwoWrite your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.——THE END ——ANSWER SHEET 1(反面)PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONWhat is Grit?My questionsW hy isn’t I.Q. the only difference between students?What is the key to(1) ______?(1)______My Researchinvestigation of all kinds of (2)______: including:(2)______— West Point Military Academy—(3) _______ (3)______—p rivate companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of successGrit is(4) ______ for a very long-term goals (4)______Grit is working hard for years to make (5)______(5)______Grit is living your life like a(6) _____ (6)______My surveyHigh school juniors took grit questionnaires(7)______ kids were more likely to graduate (7)_____Grit-buildinglittle is known about how to build grit in studentsdata show grit is unrelated to (8)_______ (8)____growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) _______ (9)____ kids with grit believe failure is(10) ______ (10)____ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kinds grittier.TEM 4 SCRIPTPARTⅠDICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Now listen to the passage.Are you confident or insecure in a difficultsituation?Do you react positively or negatively?The answer may depend in part on whom you are around.A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates.They measu red each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking.It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. And students with more positive thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive as well.The second and third readings. You should begin writing now.The last reading.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work. (a two-minute interval)That is the end of PartⅠDictation.2016年4级听写评分标准THINK POSITIVE AND FEEL POSITIVE（标题忽略不计）第一组：Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? /Do you react positively or negatively? /The answer may depend in part on whom you're around. /A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases./For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. / (45words)第二组：They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. /Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. / And students with。

2016年全国英语专四考试题和完整答案解析

2016年英语专四1. A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.C) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2. A) At a gift shop.B) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agency.D) In a school library.3. A) He used to work in the art gallery.B) He does not have a good memory.C) He declined a job offer form the art gallery.D) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.4.A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.B) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.C) The woman should have informed him earlier.D) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.A) Reward those having made good progress.B) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.C) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6. A) The way to the visitor’s parking.B) The rate for parking in Lot C.C) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classes.B) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better life.D) He has benefited form exercise.8.A) How to ? work efficiency.B) How to select secretaries.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D) The secretaries in the man’s company.Conversation OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is more difficult to learn than English.B) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10.A) It has words words from many languages,B) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.11.A) It includes a lot of words form other languages.B) It has a growing number of newly coined words,C) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.D) It is the largest among all languages in the world. Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To return some goods.B) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.B) He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.C) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It costs 15 more for express delivery.D) It depends on a number of factors.15.A) Report the information to her superior.B) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.C) Ring back when she comes to a decision.D) Make inquiries with some other companies.Section B Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows exactly where they were ??B) No one knows for sure when thy came into being.C) No one knows for what purpose they were ?D) No one knows what they will17. A) Carry ropes across rivers.B) Measure the speed of wind.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Give warnings of danger.18. A) To protect houses against lightning.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To find out the strength of silk for kites.D) To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) She enjoys teaching languages.B) She can speak several languages.C) She was trained to be an interpreter.D) She was born with a talent for languages.20. A) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B) They would like to live abroad permanently.C) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She got a chance to visit several European countries.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She learned to appreciate classical music.22. A) Taste the beef and give her comment.B) Take part in a cooking competition.C) Teach vocabulary for food in ??D) Give cooking lessons onPassage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He grew up in a poorD) He often helped his24.A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25.A) Write two book reports a week.B) Keep a diary.C) Help with housework.D) Watch education??Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see？There are other bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail. The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.Part Ш Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).Section B The Perfect EssayA) Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.B) When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page.“Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what and professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was my mother.C) My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris（得意忘形）or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In and event. My mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flaw less essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions（过渡）, structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.D) First off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint（印记）on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.E) Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me it took the form of my firs t, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.F) Franz Kafka once said; “Writing is utter solitude（独处）, the descent into the cold abyss（深渊）of oneself.” My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective（内省的）descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude, I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “It is a thing of no great difficulty.”according to Plutarch, “to raise objections against another man’s speech. it is a very easy matter, but to produc e a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them. What I remember, however, is how she took up the“extremely troublesome”work of ongoi ng criticism.G) There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce“a better in its place.”In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques（评论）.My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero’s claim that one should“criticize by creation, not by finding fault.”Genuine criticism creates a precious opening f or an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.H) My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the essay was“flawless,” she would take an evening to walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I) She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon （行话）. She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech.“Writers can’t bluff（虚张声势）their way through ignorance.” That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.J) She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression.“John,” she almost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: “I can’t hear you when you shout at me.” So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.K) Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I miss ed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writhing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked“song of Myself” between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.46. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.47. The author’s mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.48. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.49. Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can’t produce anything.50. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essayas“flawless”.51. Criticizing someone’s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.52. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.53. The criticism the author received from his mother changed his as a person.54. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.55. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing. Section C Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters，like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance—you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness—represent something that matters?But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone of an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as pebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.56. What is happening to the wallet?A) It is disappearing. C) it is becoming costly.B) It is being fattened. D) It is changing in style.57. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?A) Individually. C) In the abstract.B) Electronically. D) Via a cash register.58. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A) Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B) The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C) Earning money is getting more difficult.D) Spending money is so fast and easy.59. Why does the author choose to write about what’s h appening to the wallet?A) It represents a change in the modern world.B) It has something to do with everybody’s life.C) It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D) It is the concern of contemporary economists.60.What can we infer from the passage about the author?A)He is resistant to social changes.B)He is against technological progress.C)He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D)He fells insecure in the ever-changing modern world.Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.From data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and holidays. Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifte d the country permanently to “winter time”starting on October 26.Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.Russian s also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.Similarly, Americans’ late nights late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey(冰球）final.The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺）, The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns, in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking, If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?61. What does the author say about people’s sleeping habits?A) They are culture-related C)They change with the seasons.B) They affect people’s health. D)They vary from person to person.62.What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A) They don’t fall asleep until very late.B) They don’t sleep much on weekends.C) They get less sleep on public holidays.D) They sleep longer than people elsewhere.63.What is the major cause for Europeans’ loss of sleep?A) The daylight savings time.B) The colorful night life.C) The World Cup.D) The summertime.64.What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their patterns?A) They have trouble falling asleep.B) They want to get sufficient sleep.C) They are involved in a sleep research.D) They want to go to bed on regular hours.65. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A) Sleeplessness does harm to people’s health.B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.C) It is important to study our sleep patterns.D) Average people probably sleep less than the rich.选词填空：36. N. saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December可以推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw.37. F. decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，"for the first time in the two decades", 二十年来头一次。

自学考试英语二真题20164月(带答案解析)

山东省2016年4月份高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each time).1. All primary school children, including those in independent schools, were given milk free of ______ until 1970 when the government abolished this benefit.A. costB. payC. grantD. charge2. Other church books were also printed, ____ were Greek and Lath classics, history books, and astronomy books.A. whoseB. asC. thatD. what3. My next job was ______ an athletic company as a telephone customer service representative.A. WithB. aboutC. ofD. to4. It took her a while to ______ to living alone when she went to college.A. goB. presentC. adjustD. lock5. ________ hard was the work that all of us got tired out that evening.A. WhatB. SoC. AsD. How6. The college admission process ,an imperfect science, can rarely distinguish those students to _____ learning.A. committedB. convincedC. participatedD. pursued7. It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they’re addressed “where are you going?”, ______ is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese.A. thatB. whoC. WhatD. which8. He had time to spend on other things that seemed more ______.A. worthwhileB. worthC. worthyD. worthing9. __________ that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas.A. Not Until the 4th centuryB. Until the 4th centuryC. It was not Until the 4th centuryD. It was Until the 4th century10. If he ______ of Timmy, as he had of me, the separation between us would be complete.A. disagreedB. disapprovedC. devastatedD. driftedII. Close (10 points, 1 point for each item)All over the world, the mention of English education suggests a picture of “public schools”, but people do not always realize what place these institutions occupy in the whole education system. Oxford and Cambridge are universities each 11 about 12000 students out of a total of over 250000 students at all British universities.12 from the so-called public schools there is a complete system of state primary and secondary education, which 13 in general the state education in most other countries. All children must, 14 law, receive full time education between the ages of five and sixteen. Any child may 15 without paying fees, a school provided by the public authorities.Among the universities Oxford and Cambridge hold a 16 position. Of cabinet ministers who went to universities ,nearly all went to one or the other of these two, and to Oxford in 17 .The number of young people who can enter universities is limited by the 18 of the universities, 19 is less than enough to take all the young people who have the basic qualifications for universities admission. In practice, 20 , entry to universities is competitive.11. A. have had B. Have C. Having D. has12. A. Part B. Apart C. Separate D. Depart13. A. resembles B. assembles C. assemble D. resemble14. A. in B. by C. for D. as15. A. participate B. come C. attend D. go16. A. control B. dominant C. responsible D. charge17. A. reality B. overall C. plus D. particular18. A. expense B. fee C. capacity D. cabinet19. A. what B. which C. that D. who20. A. therefore B. however C. but D. besidesIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)Passage oneQuestions 20 to 25 are based on the following passageOne summer morning, my cousin Eddie asked me if I wanted to play football with some of his friends. He got mad because I gave him a confused look, and said I didn’t know how to play. Then he told me to learn the rules first. A couple of minutes later, he went into his room and pulled out an old videotape, so for the rest of the morning we sat down and watched all the videos as he explained all the rules of the game. I picked up really quickly. I understood the game at that point, but I just needed to learn the basic rules of football such as catching, throwing, and how run with the ball!After we watched the videos, he took me outside and we threw the ball around. He liked the way I threw the ball, and he told me that I had a big chance at being a quarterback! Two dayslater, his friends called him and told him that it’s time to play. We played that day and ended up until we couldn’t see the ball anymore. I was exhausted when we finished playing.Since that day, I knew football was my passion! I love the game so much that I still play it today, and till this day, I still thank my cousin for getting me into the game of football!21. The writer’s cousin got mad because______.A. the writer did not want to play football with himB. the writer did not like playing footballC. the writer did not know how to play footballD. The writer did not want to play football with his friends22. The writer’s cousin used a ______ to help explain the rules of the game to him.A. videotapeB. pictureC. tapeD. book23. The phrase “pick up” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) means ______.A. findB. masterC. noticeD. reach24. The writer felt ______ after playing football with is cousin and his friends.A. sadB. surprisedC. tiredD. excited25. The following statements are true EXCEPT______.A. The writer learned the football rules by himselfB. after watching the videos, the writer and his cousin went outside and played the ballC. since the day he played football with his cousin and his friends, the writer knew that he loved footballD. the writer thanked his cousin for getting him into the game of footballPassage twoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.We don’t have beds in the space shuttle, but we do have sleeping bags. During the day, when we are working, we leave the bags tied to the wall, out of the way. At bedtime we unite them and take them wherever we’ve chosen to sleep.On most space shuttle flights everyone sleeps at the same time. No one has to stay awake to watch over the space plane; the shuttle’s computers and the engineers at Mission Control do that. If anything goes worry, the computers ring an alarm and the engineers call us on the radio.On the space shuttle, sleeping-time doesn’t mean nighttime. During each ninety-minute orbit, the sun “rises” and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes; the it “sets” as our path takes us around the dark side of the Earth. To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleep masks.It is surprisingly easy to get comfortable and fall asleep in space. Every astronaut sleeps differently. Some sleep upside down, some right side up. When it’s time to sleep, I take my bag, my sleep mask, and my tape player with earphones and float up to the flight deck. Then I crawl into the bag, and float in sitting position just above a seat, right next to a window. Before 1 pull the mask down over my eyes, I relax for a while, listening to music and watching the Earth go by beneath me.26. When it’s bedtime, astronauts put their sleeping bags ______.A. near the windowsB. above the seatsC. in the flight deckD. in any place the like27. “Watch over” (Line 2, Paragraph 2) has the closest meaning to______.A. take care ofB. look atC. seeD. pay attention to28. How long does it take for the space shuttle to go round the Earth?A. Twenty-four hoursB. Fifty minutesC. Ninety minutesD. Nineteen minutes29. According to the passage, in order to get comfortable and fall asleep in speech, it is necessary to______.A. wear a sleep maskB. sleep upside doC. listen to musicD. sleep sideways30. The best title for this passage can be______.A. Bedtime Doesn’t Mean NighttimeB. Traveling in SpaceC. Sleeping in SpaceD. Sleeping on the Space ShuttlePassage threeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes, in work. Even in difficult times of business, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one’s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm’s interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This isbecause they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the company---the consequence of lifetime employment --- may explain why Japanese worker seem positive to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.31. Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee______.A. Leaves his Company only when businessB. gets a job soon after he leaves school or universityC. can work there throughout his careerD. can have his serious mistakes in work corrected32. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Family and company interests are equally importantB. The Japanese worker is vary loyal to his companyC. One’s future is guaranteed through hard workD. Devotion to one’s company is encouraged33. Lifetime employment influences one’s ______.A. Achievements at workB. performance at workC. career optionsD. attitude toward work34. The Japanese worker is fond of his company’s products because of ______.A. His marriage with the daughter of the presidentB. the close link between him and his companyC. his willingness to work overtimeD. his active participation in quality control35. The passage mainly discusses______.A. How lifetime employment works in JapanB. what benefits employment has brought to Japanese workersC. what lifetime employment isD. how lifetime employment is viewed第二部分非选择题(共50分) IV. Word spelling (10 points, l point for two items)36. 顾客n. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _37. 容忍, 宽容n. t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _38. 变化, 多样化n. v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _39. 使暴露v. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _40. 耽搁, 延迟v. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _41. 小甜饼n. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _42. 角色, 作用n. r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _43. 主题, 题目n. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _44. 弯, 使弯曲v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _45. 选择, 选择权n. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46. 坚持v. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _47. 自信的, 确信的a. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _48. 侮辱, 凌辱n. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _49. 奢侈, 奢华n. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _50. 校园, 校区n. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _51. 伤痕, 伤疤n. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _52. 装置n. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _53. 获得, 得至v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _54. 芯片, 碎片n. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _55. 保持v. r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _36. customer 37. tolerance 38. variety 39. expose 40. delay41. candy 42. role 43. subject 44. curve 45. option46. persist 47. confident 48. insult 49. 1uxury 50. campus51. scar 52. device 53. obtain 54. chip 55. remainV. Word Form (10 point, 1 point for each item)56. But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and________ (efficient) if they did not know what had happened in British history.57. The shock from the physical changes in the city, however, was nothing compared to the________ (confuse) and hurt I hurt soon began to feel in my parents’ home.58. How, otherwise, are we to understand the nature of ________ (hate), of cruelty, of power polities?59. Both are ________ (harm) to health60. ________ (disagree) between the colonies and the British Was becoming quite serious.61. There are several ways to continue in ________ (high) education in the United States.62. In this way, a university and a college are ________ (like)63. If you are a moderator, you should begin by giving a quick ______ (introduce) of the people onthe panel.64. People will trade the time they now spend ______ (read) the paper for information they will find on thecomputer screen.65. An older woman would be ________ (like) to feel she was being made a kind of servant.56. inefficient 57. confusion 58. hatred 59. harmful 60. disagreement 61. higher 62. alike 63. introduction 64. reading 65. likelyVI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3points for each item)66. 中国在这个问题上标明了立场。

GRE考试的真题答案及解析

GRE考试的真题答案及解析16. TRENCHANCY : INSIPID::(A) forgetfulness : concerned(B) iniquity : vicious(C) tranquility : forbearing(D) arrogance : brazen(E) artlessness : canny鲜明：平淡乏味的 (反义关系)健忘：关心的;有关的不公正：不道德的;恶意的宁静：容忍的傲慢;自大：厚颜无耻的天真：慎重的,精明的Section 28. FORAGE : SUSTENANCE::(A) foretell : omen(B) salvage : wreck(C) reconnoiter : plan(D) canvass : support(E) question : poll搜寻v.(饲料n.)：食物 (动作及其目的对象)预言：预兆救助：失事;残骸侦察：方案,规划游说;调查：支持询问;疑心：投票;民意调查9. WREST : TAKE::(A) appoint : designate(B) plummet : drop(C) charter: establish(D) cite : quote(E) tear : separate费力夺取强夺：拿走获得程度类比非正常与正常) 指定委任：指明任命垂直下落v.(铅锤n.)：下落下降特许发执照v.(执照n.)：建立确立引用引证：引用报价撕裂流泪v.：别离10. FRUGAL : STINGY::(A) bative : aggressive(B) attentive : oblivious(C) lenient : lax(D) informed : astute(E) dubious : unsure节约的：吝啬的褒贬程度类比)好斗的：好斗的有进取心的留意的：遗忘的宽大的仁慈的：松驰的松懈的见多识广的：机敏的可疑的：不确定的这是一道比较容易迷惑的题。

2016年4月学位英语真题及答案

2016年4月24日学位英语考试真题答案解析-阅读理解（统考卷）Passage OneThe new year brought new desks for students at Vallecito ElementarySchool, in San Rafael, California. The last three of the school's 22 classroomsswitched from seated desks to standing desks. “It's now the first all-standingschool,”Juliet Starrett told TFK. She started the group StandUp Kids. Her goalis to have every U.S. public school kid using a standing desk within the next10 years.Starrett's daughters—Georgia, 10, and Caroline, 7—attend Vallecito.They are thrilled with their desks. “You feel happier, you're less tired, andyou're more active,”Georgia says.Some of the desks have wheels and fidget bars. The bars let kidsmove in a way that doesn't disturb the class. Wheels allow the desks to bemoved easily. The desks also adjust to different heights. Kids take breaks bysitting on the floor or on stools.There is the trend of designing things to make them easy and safe touse. According to Mark Benden, director of the Texas A&M Center, standingworkers are more focused and healthier. He says his research shows that kidsusing standing desks are more engaged and burn more calories (卡路里). InDecember, researchers in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdomreleased similar findings. But not everyone is convinced standing is betterthan sitting. Some parents and teachers worry that kids will get tired and thatstanding for long periods of time may be harmful. And standing desks are moreexpensive.Benden says both sitting and standing desks can cause problems ifthey are not the proper height. “Our message should not be ‘Sit less, standmore,'” he says, “but ‘Sit less, move more.'”11. How many classrooms in Vallecito areequipped with standing desks?A. 3B. 25C. 19D. 2212. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Why standing desks are used.B. Where standing desks are used.C. How standing desks are used.D. Who use standing desks.13. Mark Benden's research shows that kidsusing standing desks .A. feel more tiredB. are more focusedC. get better scoresD. tend to eat more14. The researchers in Australia and the UK(para. 4) .A. would agree with BendenB. are not fully convinced by BendenC. partly support Benden's findingsD. find it hard to accept Benden's theory15. Some parents and teachers worry that usingstanding desks may .A. disturb the kids in classB. leave the classroom noisyC. harm the students' healthD. increase the teachers' workloadPassage TwoJapan and Germany have the world's oldest populations, but neithercountry has enough trained health care workers to meet the needs of older adults.So, they are turning to Vietnam for help. This month, 100 young Vietnamese aregoing to Germany as part of a project to train what are called geriatric (老年的) nursesto work in the European country. The trainees recently completed a six-monthlanguage and culture class, they will spend the next two years in anoccupational training program. If the trainees pass the final exam, they willbe able to work in Germany as geriatric nurses for another 3 years.Germany is facing a crisis as low birth rates combine with a growingpopulation of citizens who are living longer. About 20 percent of thepopulation is over the age of 65, and that percentage is expected to continuerising.This is a problem Japan also faces. Later this year, 150 Vietnamesecandidates will go to Japan for two years of training at the country'shospitals, after that they are expected to take the national nursing exam. Japanalready trains nurses from the Philippines and Indonesia, but the health caresystem has been criticized for being too harsh. All candidates must take thesame exam, but it is very difficult for foreign applicants because few canspeak the Japanese language.Even with an aging population, many Japanese are opposed toforeigners working in some industries. Critics say foreign labor could lead tohigher unemployment, but there is little opposition to foreign nurses.In Vietnam, the situation is very different. 60 percent of thepopulation was born after the Vietnam war ended in 1985. There are not enoughjobs for everyone who wants one in Vietnam, but learning the nursing skills canhelp them find jobs overseas.16. The overseas Vietnamese nurses mustcomplete the following EXCEPT.A. a culture courseB. a health care examC. a language trainingD. a driving test17. A Vietnamese youngster will spend atleast in Germany before working there as a geriatricnurse.A. six monthsB. one and a half yearsC. two and a half yearsD. five years18. It is inferred from the passage that inJapan.A. the health care system is much more strict than that in GermanyB. the majority of nurses are from Vietnam,Indonesia and the PhilippinesC. the Vietnamese who pass the national exams will be trained at hospitalsD. foreigners find it hard to pass nursing exams because few can speak Japanese19. Faced with the aging population, manyJapanese .A. welcome foreign nurses working in JapanB. oppose foreign labor working in most placesC. criticize the government for being tooharshD. blame the government for highunemployment20. The last paragraph indicates that .A. the Vietnamese also face the agingproblemB. over half of the Vietnamese are underthe age of 45C. sixty percent people cannot find jobs inVietnamD. more and more Vietnamese have found jobs abroadPassage ThreeBorn around 1770 in Tennessee, Sequoyah was a Cherokee. Like otherNative Americans of that time, he could neither read nor write. He couldn'thelp noticing, though, how white people wrote to one another on sheets ofpaper. They often used these “talking leaves,” as some Native Americans calledthem, to communicate.Back then, the Cherokee had no way to write down words in their ownlanguage. Sequoyah believed it was important for the Cherokee to have a systemof writing. So, in 1809, he set out to create an alphabet that the Cherokeecould use to do just that.Sequoyah started by drawing pictures, with each one representing adifferent word or idea. He soon realized that writing sentences using pictureswould be much too difficult. There were too many words. No one would ever beable to remember that many pictures.Sequoyah decided to try a different approach. He began to developsymbols to stand for the sounds, or syllables (音节), that made upwords. Twelve years later, he completed a system of writing with 86 differentsymbols. Each one stood for a different syllable in the Cherokee language. Thesymbols could easily be put together to form words. Soon thousands of Cherokeewere able to read and write in their own language.Sequoyah's work did not end there, however. He helped to establish aprint shop and began publishing a bilingual newspaper in both Cherokee andEnglish. The shop also printed books translated from English into Cherokee.Inlater years, Sequoyah also became a political leader among the Cherokee.21. As can be learned from the firstparagraph, a Cherokee was a .A. Native AmericansB. writerC. White manD. genius22. “Talking leaves” in the final paragraphrefers to .A. English spellingsB. pieces of paper with wordsC. English sentencesD. tree leaves that make sounds23. To create an alphabet, Sequoyah beganwith pictures that stand for .A. soundsB. symbolsC. wordsD. syllables24. Sequoyah's invention was important tothe Cherokee, because .A. the Cherokee are now able to read and writeB. the Cherokee now make a living with thewriting systemC. one of their parks was named afterSequoyahD. the Cherokee are proud of hisachievement25. Sequoyah is best remembered for .A. being able to read and writeB. being raised as a CherokeeC. drawing pictures to represent words orideasD. inventing a written language for the CherokeePassage FourClosed Circuit Television, usually abbreviated to CCTV, iseverywhere in today's society. In fact, when we go about our everyday lives itis virtually impossible to avoid it. If you take a bus to school, there will bea camera on it. When you pop out to the supermarket to buy some bread, a camerawill be watching you walk around the shop. If you look up, you'll see camerason many street corners, at bus stops, on trains and even in some publictoilets. We seem to have developed an obsession (迷恋) with them!In 2013, an article published in The Guardian (a British newspaper)stated that there was 1 camera for every 11 people in Britain. There are estimatedto be around 6 million CCTV cameras across Britain - now that's a lot ofcameras! Thanks to our apparent love of CCTV, Britain has been nicknamed the"surveillance state".CCTV is a vital tool for the police and can help solve crimes - anotable example would be the James Bulger case from 1993. CCTV images meantthat the two boys who committed the crime were caught and prosecuted. However,CCTV does not always have all the answers. Sometimes the images aren't clearenough to identify people; often, criminals obscure their faces to avoid beingcaught. Recently, some talking CCTV cameras have been installed in the UK.These react to movement, and warn criminals that their photo has been taken.In my opinion, CCTV has gone too far. As a nation, we rely on it fartoo much. At what point did we decide to replace police officers withtechnology? Many people claim to feel safer as a result of CCTV; if more policewere around I'm sure they'd feel just as safe! Many schools across Britain haveinstalled CCTV - in classrooms, toilets and changing rooms. They say it helpsto prevent bullying - but surely something else could be done instead?26. According to Paragraph 1, CCTV________A. can be easily avoidedB. is widely used in societyC. can be bought in supermarketD. makes public streets much safer27. The word “surveillance” (Para.2)probably means “________”.A. monitorB. safetyC. crimeD. public28. Why does the author mention the JamesBulger case?A. It is a well-known case in the UK.B. It proves the importance of CCTV.C. It is a lesson for the British police.D. It warns of the danger from boycriminals.29. According to the passage, the talkingCCTV cameras__________.A. do not have clear imagesB. help find hidden criminalsC. can identify dim facesD. give warnings to criminals30. What is the author's attitude towardsCCTV?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. ObjectiveD. Unclear答案解析：Passage one11、【答案】D【解析】根据第一段第二句话可知一共有22间教室，所以推断答案选D.12、【答案】C【解析】锁定第三段，主要讲如何使用立式办公桌。

2016年4月00600高级英语真题及答案

Ⅰ. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. （15 points，1 point for each）1. The media described the young actor's performance as ________ successful.A. undesirablyB. uncontrollablyC. unspeakablyD. unconditionally2. These charities depend on the ________ feelings and generosity of the general public.A. marvelousB. compassionateC. curiousD. friendly3. I was ________，and reached a higher state of consciousness.A. balancingB. analyzingC. calculatingD. meditating4. Supplies may ________ according to seasonal availability but you'll always find a wide selection.A. increaseB. fluctuateC. improveD. flatter5. Jokes were a natural self-defense mechanism against the ________ of daily life.A. tediumB. convictionC. charmD. diversion6. They said the geatest virtues in a politician were ________，correctness and honesty.A. integrityB. tranquilityC. vanityD. simplicity7. Filmmakers have often been accused of ________ organized crime.A. finalizingB. emphasizingC. glamorizingD. visualizing8. He earned respect by the good ________ he showed at meetings.A. discriminationB. senseC. implicationD. tendency9. The market is beginning to ________ into a number of well-defined categories.A. breakB. crashC. runD. segment10. In the 200-meter race，Lizzy and Sarah came first and third ________.A. personallyB. separatelyC. individuallyD. respectively11. He noticed how the neat tables were ________ with old newspapers and cigar ends.A. litteredB. linedC. splashedD. decorated12. Jane was extremely ________ and believed the color green brought bad luck.A. cautiousB. consciousC. suspiciousD. superstitious13. When you realize they are singing the same songs over again，the ________ wears off.A. expectationB. imaginationC. noveltyD. puzzlement14. This may sound ________，but I assure you it is quite important！A. trivialB. cheerfulC. seriousD. mysterious15. ________ we could find no sign of the man and the search had to be terminated.A. PossiblyB. SensiblyC. RegrettablyD. DoubtfullyRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ.（1）The professor glanced hastily around the room as he entered，then he looked suspiciously over at the blackboard. While removing his overcoat he read the scrawl that the previous class had left，and judging it unnecessary clutter，he daintily lifted the eraser and waved it back and forth in front of the class，until the board was clear. He checked his watch. It wasn't yet time to start class，so the teacher started to pace back and forth in front of the class. nervously stroking the lock of hair that covered his bald spot. This man had obviously been sitting in astuffy office in front of a computer screen for too long. Math professors should get out in the sun more. I noticed his pale skin and the many nicks he'd gotten shaving his overly-sensitive face.（2）Finally it was time to start. He began by presenting an example: you want to house a football team with 20 white players and 20 black players. What is the probability that all of the pairs of roommates will be of the same color. “A hundred percent，” I said. Okay. I know it was a poor attempt at humor，but I could have sworn no one had heard me. Not one person flinched，sighed，moaned，or giggled. Nothing. They didn't even turn their heads to see what jerk said that.（3）“Okay，either everybody in this class is dead，or I am，” I thought. I pinched myself. No，it wasn't me. I watched everyone else copy down what the teacher had written on the board. So they were at least animate. The professor was doing a good job of dealing with the dilemma and posed questions at which a few members of the group guessed. I wondered why he was being paid to talk to corpses.（4）Yes，something was definitely wrong here. This man was talking to 30 dead people who were diligently copying down his every word. Now the only reason I could see for the lack of response by his audience was that they didn't share my interest in probability. That seemed reasonable，but I couldn't imagine why anyone would take a 400-level math course unless he was a math major，or at least a math minor. No，these people were interested in the topic.（5）Maybe they all understood exactly what he was saying and didn't have to ask any questions. I still couldn't explain the blank stares and the silence，as heavy as the silence of parting lovers，whenever the professor asked a question. The room was too big for the quiet and I felt awkward there. Everyone seemed to want to leave，but there he was，the man up there with the chalk holding the whole class silent and holding all of us hostage.（6）All of these tortured faces were looking straight ahead and they were taking it all down，just like it was，so that they could go back to their little cells and look it over and over again until they had it memorized. And if they couldn't understand it，they would ask someone else in the class who would invariably say，“ I don't know. I'm not sure I understand that part either.”（7）Nobody ever goes to a teacher's office hours，either. I've gone to see my teachers，and there's never anyone else there. The professor sets up time when he can sit and wait for students to talk to him and no one shows up，week after week. It's nice because teachers are human，too，and they need time alone. I guess that zombies don't leave their cells unless they have class. I looked over at the people next to me. How did they get that way in the first place？（8）What in the world was I doing in this ridiculous class，writing down a description of the teacher's clothing？I was listening to the words，and I even had some vag-le comprehension of what he was discussing，but I really couldn't explain my attendance. But what I really couldn't explain was the professor's presence. He seemed to have a good sense of humor about the fact that we were all sitting there dead，but I don't know how he could face us that way. I kept wanting to get up and shout at the class myself，say，“Hey，what are you doing here？Aren't you paying for this？Didn't you come here to learn？” I couldn't face these zombies as boldly as this man was. He didn't scream or despair. He just kept on talking. And I kept on thinking: “This is an institution of higher learning.”Ⅱ. In this section，there are ten incomplete statements or questions，followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.（20 points，2points for each）16. What made the author believe that the professor needed more sunshine？A. His sensitiveness.B. His baldness.C. The color of his skin.D. The overcoat he was wearing.17. How did the author feel when his response to the teacher was ignored？A. Frustrated.B. Shocked.C. Defeated.D. Humiliated.18. The word “moaned” in Paragraph 2 means ________.A. doubtedB. mournedC. criedD. complained19. The word “animate” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. alertB. aliveC. activeD. accurate20. There was little response to the professor's questions because the students ________.A. lacked active thinkingB. didn't hear himC. were busy taking notesD. had no time to think about them21. The word “tortured” in Paragraph 6 means ________.A. confusedB. delightfulC. inquisitiveD. anguished22. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that ________.A. the students were industrious and willing to learnB. the students preferred to learn from each otherC. the students enjoyed learning individuallyD. the students had an effective way of learning23. What is the purpose of a professor's office hours？A. To give himself some private time.B. To help students with their studies.C. To spend more time with his students.D. To provide students with extra time for study.24. The author couldn't understand why the professor ________.A. made his class so unusualB. had such inspiration in his teachingC. handled the situation the way he didD. failed to realize that the students were living dead25. The author's attitude towards higher education is ________.A. skepticalB. criticalC. supportiveD. indifferent第二部分非选择题Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.（10 points，2 points for each）26. It wasn't yet time to start class，so the teacher started to pace back and forth in front of the class，nervously stroking the lock of hair that covered his bald spot.27. The professor was doing a good job of dealing with the dilemma and posed questions at which a few members of the group guessed.28. Now the only reason I could see for the lack of response by his audience was that they didn't share my interest in probability.29. Everyone seemed to want to leave，but there he was，the man up there with the chalk holding the whole class silent and holding all of us hostage.30. I was listening to the words，and I even had some vague comprehension of what he was discussing，but I really couldn't explain my attendance.Ⅳ. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. （10 points）31. Are you enthusiastic about the pursuit of knowledge？Why or why not？Ⅴ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks，followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blanik only.（25 points，1 point for each）On her way home she usually bought a 32 of honey-cake at the baker's. It was her Sunday 33 Sometimes there was an almond in her slice，sometimes not. It made a great 34 . If there was an almond it was like carrying home a tiny present — a surprise — something that 35 very well not have been there. She hurried on the almond Sundays and struck the 36 for the kettle in quite a dashing way.Our anger goes beyond the simple policy matters. It goes into the fact that all the things we were 37 about Vietnam we found untrue when we got 38 . We found that too often American men were 39 in those rice paddies from want of support 40 our so-called allies. We saw first hand the money — your taxes — squandered by a 41 dictatorial regime. We saw that Ag1ewhad a one-sided idea of who was kept free by the flag，as blacks provided the highest percentage of casualties.So long as such disharmonies continue to exist，so long as there is good 42 for sullen boredom，so long as human beings 43 themselves to be possessed and hagidden by monomaniacal 44 ，the cult of beauty is destined to be ineffectual. Successful in 45 the appearance of youth，or realizing or simulating the symptoms of 46 ，the campaign inspired by this cult remains fundamentally a failure.The new intellectual climate in Watts was hard-wrought. It was rich 47 to support even a communist bookstore. Writers，poets，artists 48 . I was handed full manuscripts of 49 books by indigenous writers and asked to criticize50.I have not seen during eight years of college life as 51 personal journals kept and sketches written as in Watts since the 1965 riots. A new，rough wisdom of the street corner was emerging.At last，with the Vietnam War，Amencans are beginmng to realize that they are 52 to original sin as much as Europeans are. Some things - the masslve cnme figures，for 53- can now be explained only in 54 Of absolute evil.America is no longer Europe's daughter 55 her rich stepmother; she is Europe's sister. The agony that America is 56 is not to be associated with breakdown as much as with theⅥ. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet.（20 points，2 points each for 57-60，4 points for 61，8 points for 62）57.在我最好的朋友中有些曾是革命者，其中的一些人生活得还相当满意。

00015英语二2016年04月真题+解析+作文

2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1. 本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2. 第一、二部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B 铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3. 话三〜七部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5亳米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4. 合理安排答题空间。

超出答题区域无效。

第TP 分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了 10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A ；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 选择C 。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Red Nose DayRed Nose Day (RND) is a well-known event in the UK. The aim of the day is to raise money for Comic Relief. This is a charity that helps people in need in Africa and in the UK.Comic Relief was started in 1985 by Richard Curtis. He wrote the famous films “Four Weddings and a Funeral" and "Notting . Richard started Comic Relief in response to the severe famine in Ethiopia. It' s called Red Nose Day as on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear! The money made from selling red noses goes to the charity.Red Nose Day takes place every two years in the spring. It is now so well established that many people consider it to be an unofficial national holiday.The slogan for the last RND was "Do Something Funny for Money. " The money that wascollected was used to help fund projects in such areas as education and mental health. Money-raising events take place on this day all over the country and many schools participate. People also donate money by post in banks by phone using a credit card and online.In the evening of Red Nose Day a telethon takes place on the BBC TV channels. This islike a television marathon (马拉松)that shows some of the events of the day and reports how the money raised will be spent. People also upload videos of local charity events onto the Internet.So if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, you will know why you find normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It' s all for a good cause!Day is a famous event in Britain.B. FalseC. Not Given 2. Comic Relief aims to help people all over the world.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenRed Nose Day has become an official national holiday..1.Red Nose A. True 3. Richard Curtis is a well-known actor and film director.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given 4. Many people wear a A. 5. A. True Red Nose Truered nose on Red Nose Day. C.Not Given B. FalseDay takes place every year.B. FalseC. Not Given 6.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. The funnier people look the more money they collect.A. True B~ False C. Not Given8.People give money to Comic Relief in many ways.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9.M any schools take part in the money-raising events on Red Nose Day.A. True B . False C. Not Given10.The Red Nose Day telethon has attracted lots of film stars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第?15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

2016年5月8日gre阅读真题全解析!

2016年5月8日gre阅读真题全解析!正在紧张备战gre阅读的童鞋们，可千万不要出现gre真题不重要想法哦!要知道，不管是哪个部分，不管是哪类考试，机经的作用远超想像。

因此，在今天的文章中，天道小编就为同学们准备了2016年5月8日的gre阅读真题解析。

倘若您还不造本次考试的内容的话，那就赶快与小编一起走进今天的文章吧!更多gre机经，尽在天道教育!2016年5月8日这一天，同学们迎来了5月份第一场gre阅读考试。

那么，在这场考试中，都考了哪些题目呢?别急!下面，小编准备了这一天的gre阅读真题，相信一定能够帮到你!5月8日gre机经如下：【Section1】长文章——西班牙教堂建筑与Kiva【内容大意】【第一段】建筑形态学研究的是变化的文化和环境条件如何产生建筑形式变化。

当应用到位于现在美国西南部那些展现出17-18世纪西班牙殖民地建筑风格那些新墨西哥教堂时，建筑形态学展现了很多关于美国土著文化是如何改变西班牙传教士们的欧洲教堂建筑风格的，而这些传教士原本想讲那些土著人传化成基督徒。

【第二段】很多对于这些教堂的研究仔细地记录了它们独特建筑建筑形式的设计和历史。

大部分人把这些教堂建筑和16世纪欧洲教堂的不同归因于当地的气候和less-mechanized的建筑技术。

确实，这些由于人工和当地材料的局限性带来的限制使得与欧洲最初的建筑模式不同成为一种必需。

但是这样一种适应于西南地区生活的教堂的出现的根源并非材料和技术，而是更根本的东西。

新的建筑来源于西班牙殖民者和当地土著社会双方文化力量，两种文化力量都具备这样一种关于空间和概念表达的竞争性思想。

【第三段】比如，传教士教堂和当地的Kiva建筑有一些共性，Kiva是西南地区土著美国人建造的位于地下的用作宗教仪式作用的圆形房间。

就像它想去替代的Kiva，传教士的教堂有很厚的土砖墙，一个地下的楼梯，以及一到两个小窗户。

和欧洲传统模式一样，这些教堂的天花板要比传统的Kiva高。

国际商务英语2016年4月真题及答案解析

Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English (10%)
11. 11.外汇
2
答案：FOREIGN EXCHANGE 解析：该表达选自 L17。exchange 一般意为“交换”，这里理解为“兑换”更加确切。相关表达还有 exchange rate 汇率。
6. 6.shipping marks
1
答案：唛头
解析：该表达选自 L13。唛头即为发货标记，装运标志。例：Port of destination, package number, gross and net weights, measurement and shipping mark shall be stenciled conspicuously on each package. 每件货物上应刷明到货口岸、件号、毛重及净重、尺码及唛头。
16. 16.大宗货物答案：BULK GOODS 解析：该表达选自 L2。bulk 为“大批量的”、“大宗的”，可以同时记忆相关表达，如：大量生产；批量生产 bulk production 17. 17.自有承运人
7. 7.indirect quote 答案：间接标价
解析：该表达选自 L17。也称 indirect quotation，这个表达更为正式。与之对应的表达是 direct quote 直接标价。这两种不同的汇率表示方法课文均有详细说明。而大家有时仍会混淆，可以通过简单的例子来加强理解，例如：买菜时若说 2 元钱 1 斤则类似直接标价，若说 1 元钱买半斤则类似tment 答案：差别待遇
解析：该表达选自 L22。differential “差别的”，treatment“对待”、“待遇”。指对不同国家的进口货物使用不同关税的差别待遇。non-discrimination principle 或者 principle of nondiscrimination treatment 为“无差别待遇”。

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2016年4月8日GRE真题最全解析本文天道小编为大家整理了关于2016年4月8日GRE考试机经的详细内容，希望对大家备考GRE有所帮助，更多GRE机经请关注天道教育GRE频道。

GRE填空题目及解析第一个语文部分填空的词汇基本都在韩冰老师和潘晨光老师的佛脚词汇(回复【佛脚词】)范围内，只出现一个生词，三空题里选项里的，题目不记得，prophylactic(反正不是正确答案)1. 题干：Contrary to 它一直以来_____的声誉，1950年代充满了trenchant and far-reaching (一针见血的并且影响深远的)社会批评。

题目选项：keenness;inclusiveness; complacency;integrity; productivity参考答案：inclusiveness原句：The Lonely Crowd quickly became one of the defining works of the 1950s—a decade that, contrary to its reputation for intellectual blandness andtimidity, was exceptionally rich in works of sharp and enduring social criticism.原句来源链接：/essays/fifty-years-lonely-crowd2. 题干：人们可以识别出很多色彩(数字貌似是10的n次方), but as the ____ of 色彩的词汇，能够准确地把这些色彩都说出来是rare case。

题目选项：paucity;sophistication;richness参考答案：paucity (不足)。

思路：逻辑连接词为as，表因果，因果部分同义对应，果的部分说很少有人能够说出所有的色彩，因的部分要填入的词表示很少人能够说出色彩的原因。

当然是人们掌握的色彩的词汇很少，所以能够说出这些色彩是特例。

3. 题干：虽然这个作者以尖酸刻薄的精确性satirizes(讽刺了)social aspirants and moneyed folk(社会野心家和有钱人)的生活，但是这个作者似乎(i)______成为这个她所呈现的如此(ii)______的the world(这个世界)中一份子。

第一空选项：abhor;relish;evoke第二空选项：unattainable;insufferable;enchanting参考答案：relish;insufferable思路：首先看第二空，要求填入一个形容词表示她所呈现的the world (这个世界)的特征。

注意世界前面的定冠词the，表特指，因此世界的这个特征是前文中提到过的。

前文对应the world (世界)的词显然是the social aspirants and moneyed folk(社会野心家与有钱人)。

作者对社会野心家与有钱人是讽刺的态度，所以空格2填入一个表示作者对这个世界负态度的词，所以选insufferable (难以忍受的)。

再做第一空，第一空所在的逻辑连接词为despite，引导让步转折，让步的部分与转折的部分取反，转折的部分作者对这个世界是负态度，让步的部分应该体现作者的正面态度，所以第一空选relish (享受)。

4.LT写了很多非小说类作品and professed (i)______ these explorations of ethicsand religion compared with 他的小说和短篇故事。

但是，在他内心深处小说作者的这一身份是很难(ii)______. HM是一本史诗般的短篇小说，这本小说中生动的刻画和紧凑的故事叙述深深地打动了读者。

While读者能够感受到这个故事创作者的道德上的考虑，但是这本小说is a farcry from(与……截然不同)the (iii)______ of T的非小说作品。

第一空选项： a preference for;an aversion to;an indifference toward第二空选项： suppress;identity; incite第三空选项： didacticism;fluidity;creativity参考答案：a preference for;suppress;didacticism5. 题干：Although she…., …. ______ lesser hand其他六选二题目选项：obsequious, sycophanticGRE阅读题目及解析长文章《寡妇的财产继承》题目1. 这篇文章的主要目的是?主题题。

浏览全文，可以看到整篇文章主要都是在讲Chester郡和费城的遗嘱模式的变化，并且用当地的特征的变化来解释这种遗嘱内容的变化。

因此，参考答案是：将一个历史现象与经济学和人口学变化联系起来。

2. 文章提到了下列哪一个选项作为获得固定比例的农场农产品的优点?细节题。

定位到提到固定比例农产品的句子，即：“这种带有农产品分配的遗嘱能够一定程度上保护寡妇不受18世纪晚期和19世纪早期的美国常见的经济波动的影响。

这种安排能够比以现金形式发放的年金更好地保护她不受通货膨胀的影响，因为现金的价值可能会下跌。

相反，在萧条时期，如果价格大幅降低，她无法从出售农产品中获得利润，她也至少还有食物。

”因此，参考答案是：它在好的经济条件和坏的经济条件下对农村的寡妇都很有用。

3. 文章的作者暗示，第二段开头提到的“比例大幅下降”之所以会发生是因为?细节题。

定位到文章第二段开头，并阅读紧接着这句话的几个句子：“…比例大幅下降，…这种变化部分反映了这个郡特征的变化。

随着田园之中的小镇的崛起，更多的人开始从事非农业的工作。

”另外，最后第三自然段整段都是在解释这种遗嘱模式的变化。

第三段中提到了” 他们之所以把所有的东西都留给他们的妻子，是因为他们很看重他们妻子的商业意识。

”显然，这种下降的原因是因为Chester郡本身发生了变化，越来越多的人开始从事非农业的工作。

并且这些人信任自己妻子的商业意识。

因此，参考答案为：从事非农业工作的男人们相信他们的妻子有能力经营家庭的生意。

4. 文章暗示，在1800年到1830年之间，在费城的遗嘱模式和在Chester的遗嘱模式之间有什么不同?细节题。

解题的关键在于两个年份。

在原文中定位到两个年份的出现的地方：描述Chester郡的句子：1830年之后的20年中，这种分配一部分房屋和农场产品给寡妇的遗嘱比例大幅下降，而把整个不动产全部给寡妇的比例则有上升。

描述费城的句子：随着费城变得更加的工业化，大概在1800年之后，立遗嘱的人越来越多地选择把所有的不动产留给妻子。

从这两句话可以推断出，Chester郡是在1830年之后才开始有越来越多的人把整个不动产全部留给妻子;而费城从1800年开始，就有很多人把整个不动产全部留给妻子。

因此可以推断出，1800年到1830年之间费城和Chester郡县之间的区别就在于，费城的遗嘱中将房屋和供应品的一部分留给寡妇的较少，而把整个不动产全部给寡妇的比例较多。

因此，参考答案是：费城的遗嘱中将房屋和供应品的一部分留给寡妇的比例比Chester郡要少。

长文章《CO2与造林》题目：3道题目1. 关于造林，本文暗示了下面哪一项?细节题。

定位到文章第一句，第一句说造林行为能够减少大量的二氧化碳，因此本题的参考答案是：造林能够起到明显改变大气的作用。

2. 关于山区松甲虫，文章暗示了下面哪一项?细节题。

定位到文章讲述山区松甲虫的句子，可以看出关于山区松甲虫的信息有两点：1. 山区松甲虫能够将一大片松林变为二氧化碳释放到大气中;2. 山区松甲虫活跃的原因是冬天的最低气温上升、夏天的温度和干燥程度上升。

基于这两个信息，可以确定答案是：在夏天比较阴冷、潮湿而不是温暖、干旱的地方，它们造成的破坏可能会小一些。

3. 根据文章，下列哪一个会被土地拥有者对于树种的选择所影响?细节题。

定位到土地拥有者对于树种的选择出现的这句话：“第三个可能的限制因素是在私人森林领域土地拥有者的行为，包括对于树种的选择以及对于森林管理的投入程度。

”从这句话显然可以看出，土地拥有者对于树种的选择是对于造林和重造林活动减少二氧化碳方面的限制因素。

因此，参考答案是：公共造林和重造林项目的成功与否。

逻辑单题：《干洗店》题目大意文章是关于有一个地方的四个干洗店的。

文章说今年跟去年相比，这四个干洗店获得的收入占这个地方人们花在干洗上所有的钱的比例相对去年都上升了。

问一定能得到下列哪一个结论。

分析假如这个结论不成立，即去年这个地方只有四家干洗店，那么这四家干洗店去年获得获得的收入占这个地方人们花在干洗上所有的钱的比例之和应该就等于100%，而今年四个干洗店获得的收入占这个地方人们花在干洗上所有的钱的比例相对去年都上升，那么四家店的比例之和就会大于100%，这显然是不可能的。

因此，去年这个地方的干洗店数量一定不止四家。

答案去年这个地方的干洗店数量一定多于四家。

短文章《文艺复兴时期的画家》题目：2文章大意文艺复兴时期强调要画的真实，但是有一个问题是画家没有材料来体现真实的色彩。

虽然颜料的价格降低了因此渐渐地允许人们去混合颜料了，但是之前禁止混合颜料的传统还是存在。

结果就是，直到油画的出现之前，文艺复兴时期的画家都面临着需要画的真实准确这个新的要求，但是手上掌握的颜色范围并不比中世纪的画家多的问题。

题目大意1. 从文章中可以推断出，跟文艺复兴时期的画家相比，中世纪的画家有什么不同?细节题。

定位到中世纪画家，可以看到，文艺复兴时期的画家与中世纪画家的区别在于，文艺复兴时期的画家要求画的真实准确，也就是说中世纪的画家不需要画的真实准确。

参考答案：中世纪的画家不那么重视对自然的真实描绘。

2. 作者暗示，文艺复兴时期对于混合颜料的态度是?细节题。

本题用排除法。

最后参考答案是：这种态度部分受到了颜料价格的影响。

因为文章中提到了，由于颜料价格降低了，渐渐地允许人们混合颜料了，这就说明对于混合颜料的态度部分是受到颜料价格的影响的。

短文章《消费者抵制》题目：2 (只回忆出1道)文章大意 8世纪爱尔兰的一个报纸的编辑呼吁大家抵制进口货物。

历史学家们认为这种消费者抵制(consumer boycott) 是从美国起源的，然后传到爱尔兰的。

但是，另一个历史学家说，早在更早的时候，爱尔兰就有对进口货物的抵制，这种抵制跟后来美国的消费者抵制是很像的。

(言下之意即认为，消费者抵制不是从美国起源的)。

题目大意1. 文章主要目的是?主旨题。

文章显然叙述了关于消费者抵制的两个不同的观点，因此参考答案为：引述关于一个问题的不同观点。