2014年西北大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题

大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题第1篇：苏州大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题parti.termtranslation.a.translatethefollowingintoenglish.(15points)1.ginicoefficient:基尼系数(是经济学上用来综合考察居民内部收入分配差异状况的一个重要分析指标。

)2.britishcouncilofculture：英国文化协会3.debtcap：债务上限4.altitudesickness：高空病;高原病;高原反应5.highstreet：(尤指市商业区的)大街6.environmentalrefugee：环境难民7.theministryofindustryandinformationtechnology：(中华*共和国)工业和信息化部8.publicdiplomacy：公共外交9.exclusiveeconomiczone：专属经济区10.paternityleave：(男*)陪产假11.mobilephonedependencysyndrome：手机依赖症综合症12.avian/birdflu：禽流感13.manneddeep-seasubmersible：深海载人潜水器14.culturaldeficit：文化逆差15.airdefenseidentificationzone：防空识别区未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题i.directions:translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsortermi nologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.(30)1.ltd：有限公司(panylimited)2.cpi：居民消费价格指数(consumerpriceindex)3.r.s.v.p：请回复(法语rpondezsilvousplat.=reply,ifyouplease.)4.lse5.att(c)6.vtr7.sw8.eecs9.caf10.alongsidedelivery11.exchangesettlerment12.installmentpaymentddeparturepoint14.debitnote15.noticeofdamage16.全损17.分批装船18.增值税：19.中等发达国家20.运费免付21.工商管理学学士22.零售价格指数痛23.瑞士法郎24.聚酯纤维25.自由关税区26.转账凭单27.注销支票28.**信托投资公司29.直送航铗30.账面赤字ii.directions:translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtar getla未完，继续阅读 >第3篇：西北大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题西北大学2014年翻译硕士mti考研真题i.phrasetranslationcbd：*商务区(centralbusinessdistrict);交货前付款(cashbeforedelivery)api：空气污染指数(airpollutionindex);应用程序编程接口(applicationprogramminginterface)nasa：美国宇航局;美国太空总署(nationalaeronauticsandspaceadministration)cio：首席信息官(chiefinformationofficer)hegemonism：霸权主义ethnicaffairsmittee：民族委员会ministryoflandandresources：(中华*共和国)国土资源部sourcedocument：源文档;原始文件retainedearning:留存收益;留存盈余;留存利润dabber:轻拍的人;敷墨具publicreservefunds:公积金globalpositionsystem:全球定位系统treasurybonds:国库债券oracleboneinscriptions:*骨文yasukunishrine:财务报表:financialstatements;fin未完，继续阅读 >第4篇：翻译硕士MTI考研真题i.phrasetranslation1.who:世界卫生组织(worldhealthorganization)2.cbd:*商务区(centralbusinessdistrict)3.yog:青奥会(youtholympicgames)4.imf:*货*基金组织(internationalmoaryfund)5.iso:*标准化组织(internationalstandardorganization)6.opec:石油输出国组织(organizationofpetroleumexportingcountries)7.unesco:联合国教科文组织(unitednationseducational，scientificandculturalorganization)8.euromart:欧洲共同市场(europeanmonmarket))9.guinessbookofrecord:吉尼斯世界纪录10.negativepopulationgrowth:人口负增长11.theeuropeaneconomicmunity:欧洲经济共同体(theeuropeaneconomicmunity)12.worldintellectualpropertyorganization:世界知识产权未完，继续阅读 >第5篇：关于翻译硕士MTI考研真题i.phrasetranslation(一)英译汉(15分)cbsgattunesco(二)英译汉(15分)房地产经济危机空气污染绿*食品社区服务失业保险信息产业电子图书馆可持续发展计算机辅助翻译安理会外交部新华社英国广播公司*特别行政区ii.passagetranslationsourcetext1:whatistheessenceofdisneyworld?muchofitrevolvesarounddis neyefforttocreatetheillusionforvisitorsthattheyhaveenteredaper fectworld,whichmorecloselyconformstotheirdesires.itcreatesthis perfectworldinvariousways.forexample,itencouragesvisitorstosee theparkthroughtheeyesofachildanddefinesitselfasaplacethatbrin gsdreamtolife.butmostessentiallyitcreatesafictionalizedversionof aperfectworldbyinvitingvisitor未完，继续阅读 >第6篇：中山大学翻译硕士MTI真题及*i.phrasetranslation1.多边合作：multilateralcooperation2.可持续发展：sustainabledevelopment3.试行阶段：pilotphase4.应急计划:contingencyplan5.污水处理:sewagetreatment6.全球变暖:globalwarming7.新闻发布会:pressconference;newsbriefing8.市场占有率:shareofmarket;marketshare9.研发中心:rdcenter(researchanddevelopmentcenter)10.跨国犯罪:transnationalcrime11.企业文化:enterpriseculture;corporateculture12.八*会:g8summit;group8summit13.数字鸿沟:digitaldivide14.危害品贩运:drugtrafficking15.国有企业:state-ownedenterprise16.brandloyalty:品牌忠诚度17.corporategovernance:公司治理;企业管治18.corporatesocialresponsibility:企业社会责任19.prolifera未完，继续阅读 >第7篇：中山大学翻译硕士考研真题及*i.phrasetranslation1.中小企业:smallandmediumenterprises2.洗钱：moneylaundering3.**升值：appreciationofthermb4.次贷危机:subprimemortgagecrisis5.水土流失:waterandsoilloss6.贸易顺差:tradesurplus7.企业社会责任:corporatesocialresponsibility8.*信用评级:sovereigncreditrating9.贩卖人口:humantrafficking10.美国驻华大使:americanambassadortochina11.温室效应:greenhouseeffect12.投资回报率:returnoninvestment13.供应链:supplychain14.劳动密集型产业:labor-intensiveindustry15.防止核扩散条约:treatyonthenon-proliferationofnuclearweapons;nuclearnon-proliferationtreaty16.capitalchain:资金链17.humanitarianintervention:人道主义干涉18.creditfa未完，继续阅读 >第8篇：翻译硕士考研真题翻译硕士*课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧，虽然每个考生的*不同，但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。

翻译硕士英语2014(211)【试题+答案】

2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Don’t mention itD. Neither do I【答案】B【解析】根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。

2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did up【答案】D【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。

do up刷新；修缮。

do for适合。

do in 欺骗；搞垮。

3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.—Well. _____A. So I did!B. So did I.C. So I do!D. So do I.【答案】A【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。

“so+主语+助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法。

4. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _____ ones.A. turbulentB. tragicC. vulnerableD. suspicious【答案】A【解析】句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损毁名誉，把平静的局势弄得十分动荡。

2014年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Grammar & Vocabulary (20 Points)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. Richard lives in _____, but he is leading _____.A. a palace of a house, the hell of a lifeB. the palace of a house, a hell of a lifeC. a palace of the house, a hell of a lifeD. a palace of a house, a hell of a life【答案】D【解析】句意：Richard住在如宫殿般的房子中，却过着地狱般的生活。

本题考查的是冠词的用法，palace，house，hell，life前面都应该加a，故答案为D。

2. He must have waited here for a long time, _____?A. mustn’t heB. hasn’t heC. didn’t heD. doesn’t he【答案】C【解析】句意：他一定在这儿等了很长一段时间，不是吗？本题考查的是反义疑问句的用法，must have done表示对过去事实的推测,表示动作的时候用did当助动词,表示状态时用was，该题是动作，故答案是C。

3. Individuals who are subjects of research should participate knowingly in research and _____ the opportunity to decide if they want to participate.A. gaveB. givingC. givenD. be given【答案】D【解析】句意：研究的对象应该对该研究了如指掌，应该有权利决定加不加入研究当中去。

2015年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 60 minutes)Section I Synonyms and replacements (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never dig out your potential and will remain what you are.A. correspondB. responsiveC. submitD. recounted【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你屈从于命运，就永远不会发掘出自己的潜力，并将一成不变。

be reconciled to服从于，甘心于。

submit to服从于，屈从于。

be responsive to对……敏感；对……有应答。

recount叙述；重新计算。

2. Sometimes students are given a passage unintelligible even to teachers of English.A. disagreeableB. inconsiderableC. incredibleD. incomprehensible【答案】D【解析】句意：有时，学生们会拿到一篇连英语老师都很难懂的文章。

(NEW)西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

目　录2011年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and Grammar: Multiple Choice (30%)Part 1 Vocabulary Selection (10%)1．Being both spoiled and lazy, he _______ everyone else for his lack of success.A. accusedB. chargedC. criticizedD. blamed【答案】D【解析】句意：因为被惯坏了而且懒惰，他把自己的失败归咎于其他人。

blame意为“责备”，常与for连用。

accuse意为“控告，谴责”，常与of 连用。

charge意为“控诉”，常与with连用。

2．The prisoner _______ that he had assaulted a policeman.A. deniedB. rejectedC. contradictedD. refused【答案】A【解析】句意：那名犯人否认曾袭击警察。

deny普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。

contradict指肯定地否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见。

3．The jury gave a ________ of not guilty.A. sentenceB. judgmentC. chargeD. verdict【答案】D【解析】句意：陪审团做出了无罪的判决。

verdict为法律用词，指陪审团的裁决。

2012西北大学翻译硕士入学考试试题)

2012年西北大学翻译硕士入学考试真题回忆版一、翻译硕士基础
词汇语法等好像是50道题
阅读理解（共四篇）
1.讲美国少数名族大学毕业率低的问题；
4.讲欧洲北部，好像跟英国很近的，一个小国家的民族性格
作文：migrant worker, a blessing or a damned
二、翻译基础
1.名词解释
CPPCC
GATT
UNSECA
GMT
ISO
The favourable balance of trade
Free zone of trade
辛亥革命
非政府组织
以和为贵
实事求是
天人合一
妄自菲薄
公正勤朴
廉租房
非公有制经济
2.英译汉：the test of courage is not to die but to live. （60分）
3.汉译英：和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题（60分）
三、百科：
名词解释,共25道题：（50分）
1.中国三大国粹
2.扬州八怪
3.乔治华盛顿
4.三农
5.《梦的的解析》
6.元曲
7.史记
8.基因技术
9.文艺复兴
10.欧盟
11.故宫博物院
12.可持续发展
13.辛亥革命
14.诺曼征服
应用文写作（40分）
共25题写一篇调查报告450字
中文写作（60分）
写一篇题为“制约与发展”的作文，800字。

2014年英语翻译硕士考研真题

爱考机构中国高端(保过保录限)考研第一品牌
2014 年英语翻译硕士考研真题第一部分短语翻译。英译汉部分(1'*15=15') CATTI GRE GDP play of words Kumara Jiva semantic translation cultural untranslatability descriptive translation studies idiomatic expressions in English ideological conflict interpreter's booth negative transfer of culture over-loaded translation Robinson Crusoe Gone with the Wind （今年考了好多翻译理论里的专有名词。。）
Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than thebitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “comebetween” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, forpeople are not the captives or victims of others---they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill.
We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of thechildren “belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else. Eachperson belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents,and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right toremove them from their parents’ trusteeship.

西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2013年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Grammar & Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1．Whenever you see an old film, you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the actresses—their hair styles and make-up look dated, their general appearance is in fact slightly _____.A. classicB. fancifulC. derangedD. ludicrous【答案】D【解析】句意：每次看老电影，女演员出场之时，你都会感到很震惊，她们的妆容和发型都过时了，她们的相貌总的来说都有点滑稽。

本题考查的是词义辨析，ludicrous滑稽的；荒唐的，符合题意，故为正确答案。

classic经典的；古典的。

fanciful想象的；稀奇的。

deranged疯狂的；精神错乱的。

2．When an American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient prosperous city on the _____ Ayia Irini, the archaeologists discovered a graceful Goddess.A. promontoryB. outpostC. traitsD. channel【答案】A【解析】句意：当一支美国探险队于阿伊亚•依里尼海角的古城里发现了一座庙宇之时，考古学家发现了一座优雅的女神雕像。

2014年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following terms, proper names and phrases into English/Chinese.(30 points)Section A. translate the following terms into English. (15 points)1. 理论研究【答案】theoretical research2. 副教授【答案】associate professor3. 单亲家庭【答案】single parent family4. 白手起家【答案】start from scratch5. 必修课【答案】compulsory course6. 国际奥林匹克委员会【答案】International Olympic Committee7. 印花税【答案】stamp tax8. 光盘行动【答案】“Clear your plate” campaign9. 中国汉字听写大会【答案】Dictation Assembly of Chinese Characters10. 选边站【答案】take side11. 人均国民生产总值【答案】gross national product per capita12. 《西游记》【答案】Journey to the West13. 微信【答案】Wechat14. 国际货币基金组织【答案】International Monetary Fund15. 门诊部【答案】outpatient departmentSection B. translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points) 1. literature review【答案】文献综述2. housing project for low-income families【答案】安居工程3. to rationally readjust the employment structure【答案】合理调整就业结构4. compensation for demolition【答案】拆迁补偿费5. tertiary industry【答案】第三产业6. CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数7. Warsaw 2013【答案】华沙20138. IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构9. invitation for bid【答案】招标10. poverty-stricken areas 【答案】贫困地区11. medical cuisine【答案】健康饮食12. shadow puppetry 【答案】皮影13. RSVP【答案】请回复14. Associated Press【答案】美国联合通讯社15. Red Star Over China【答案】《西行漫记》（《红星照耀中国》）II. Paragraph translation. (120 points)Section A. translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. (60 points) To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He didn’t do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your bias. If an opinion contrary toyour own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology, there is only opinion. So, whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own.【参考译文】为了避免人类易于陷入的各种愚蠢的见解，并不需要什么超凡的天才。

2014年西北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年西北大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1. CBD【答案】中央商务区2. API【答案】空气污染指数3. NASA【答案】美国宇航局4. CIO【答案】首席信息官5. hegemonism【答案】霸权主义6. Ethnic Affairs Committee【答案】民族委员会7. Ministry of Land and Resources【答案】国土资源部8. Source Document【答案】源文档9. Retained Earning【答案】留存收益10. dabber【答案】配音演员11. Public Reserve Funds 【答案】公积金12. Global Position System 【答案】全球定位系统13. Treasury Bonds【答案】国库券14. oracle bone inscriptions 【答案】甲骨文15. Yasukuni Shrine【答案】靖国神社二、将下列短语译成英语1. 财务报表【答案】Financial statements2. 原始设备制造商【答案】original equipment manufacturer; OEM3. 红学【答案】Redology4. 安居工程【答案】affordable housing project5. 禅宗【答案】Zen Buddhism6. 小品【答案】Sketch7. 侨务办公室【答案】Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs8. 主任编辑【答案】Associate Senior Editor9. 老三届【答案】Three graduating classes10. 电视台台长【答案】director of TV station11. 老字号【答案】a time-honored brand12. 利改税【答案】Tax for Profits13. 南水北调【答案】South-to-North water diversion Project14. 强权外交【答案】power diplomacy15. 全面小康社会【答案】a well-off society in an all-round way三、将下列篇章译成汉语Would that I could enrich this sketch with the names of all those who have ministered to my happiness! Some of them would be found written in our literature and dear to the hearts of many, while others would be wholly unknown to most of my readers. But their influence, though it escapes fame, shall live immortal in the lives that have been sweetened and ennobled by it. Those are red-letter days in our lives when we meet people who thrill us like a fine poem, people whose handshake is brimful of unspoken sympathy, and whose sweet, rich natures impart to our eager, impatient spirits a wonderful restfulness which, in its essence, is divine. The perplexities, irritations and worries that have absorbed us pass like unpleasant dreams, and we wake to see with new eyes and hear with new ears the beauty and harmony of God s real world. The solemn nothings that fill our everyday life blossom suddenly into bright possibilities. In a word, while such friends are near us we feel that all is well. Perhaps we never saw them before, and they may never cross our life s path again; but the influence of their calm, mellow natures is a libation poured upon our discontent, and we feel its healing touch, as the ocean feels themountain stream freshening its brine.I have often been asked, do not people bore you? I do not understand quite what that means. I suppose the calls of the stupid and curious, especially of newspaper reporters, are always inopportune. I also dislike people who try to talk down to my understanding. They are like people who when walking with you try to shorten their steps to suit yours; the hypocrisy in both cases is equally exasperating.The hands of those I meet are dumbly eloquent to me. The touch of some hands is an impertinence. I have met people so empty of joy, that when I clasped their frosty finger tips, it seemed as if I were shaking hands with a northeast storm. Others there are whose hands have sunbeams in them, so that their grasp warms my heart. It may be only the clinging touch of a child s hand; but there is as much potential sunshine in it for me as there is in a loving glance for others. A hearty handshake or a friendly letter gives me genuine pleasure.I have many far-off friends whom I have never seen. Indeed they are so many that I have often been unable to reply to their letters; but I wish to say here that I am always grateful for their kind words, however insufficiently I acknowledge them. 【参考译文】我所以不惜笔墨地提到很多人的名字，是因为他们曾带给我无尽的快乐！其中一些人已经被记载在文献中，并且成为世人瞩目的焦点。

2012年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年西北大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I Vocabulary and Structure (60 minutes)Section A (10 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this section there are t0 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.1. Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to combat global warming.A. focus onB. settle downC. fight againstD. sum up【答案】C【解析】句意：7月16日，德国波恩举行了关于气候变化的会谈，以应对全球变暖问题。

combat战斗；应对。

fight against抵抗，对抗。

settle down定居；专心于。

2. The legislative provision has a great impact on the operations of the department.A. lawB. passageC. revisionD. clause【答案】D【解析】句意：法律条款对这个部门的运作有很大的影响。

provision规定；条款。

clause （章程、条约等的）条款。

revision校正，修订。

3. Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized versions of life often with a happy ending.A. in contrast toB. in regard toC. in terms ofD. in light of【答案】A【解析】句意：与现实主义小说截然相反，浪漫主义小说往往会呈现出理想化的生活方式，结局往往皆大欢喜。

2014年考研英语试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent ,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A] where[B] when[C] that[D] why2.[A] improves[B] fades[C] recovers[D] collapses3.[A] If[B] Unless[C] Once[D] While4.[A] uneven[B] limited[C] damaging[D] obscure5.[A] wellbeing[B] environment[C] relationship[D] outlook6.[A] turns[B] finds[C] points[D] figures7.[A] roundabouts [B] responses[C] workouts[D] associations8.[A] genre[B] functions[C] circumstances[D] criterion9.[A] channel[B] condition[C] sequence[D] process10.[A] persist[B] believe[C] excel[D] feature11.[A] Therefore[B] Moreover[C] Otherwise[D] However12.[A] according to[B] regardless of[C] apart from[D] instead of13.[A] back[B] further[C] aside[D] around14.[A] sharpness[B] stability[C] framework[D] flexibility15.[A] forces [B] reminds[C] hurries[D] allows16.[A] hold[B] track[C] order[D] pace17.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on18.[A] irregularly[B] habitually[C] constantly[D] unusually19.[A] carry[B] put[C] build[D] take20.[A] risky[B] effective[C] idle[D] familiarSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really?On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allow ance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means .[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A] uneasy [B] enraged [C] insulted [D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia andBritain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A] the growing demand from clients [B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms [D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it .[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth [B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers’ investments [D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A] the profit-oriented scientists [B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system [D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is atypical case which involves .[A] controversies over the recipients’status [B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes [D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobles?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are .[A] acceptable despite the criticism [B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes [D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence inhumanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solveproblems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical [B] Appreciative [C] Contemptuous [D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A] supportive of free markets [B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy [D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs And E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge insouthern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.→ A →42.→ E →43.→ 44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Erotica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.。