兽医内科学-第二章 消化系统疾病
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Figure 4. Aspiration of a salivary mucocele should be done under aseptic conditions to prevent contamination by bacteria. The typical contents of a mucocele are a yellowish, thick ropy fluid with a low cell count as seen here.
Figure 5. Occasionally stones will form in the salivary ducts and be the cause of a salivary mucocele. This is a mucocele that has been removed and it contains hundreds of small stones. It is likely that these stones formed after the mucocele developed.
Figure 2. This Boston Terrier has a sublingual mucocele, also known as a Ranula. The mandibular and sublingual glands will be removed and the Ranula drained.
手术治疗 (5)中药治疗:板蓝根,鱼腥草
Figure 1. This Boxer has massive swelling below the neck secondary to a very large salivary mucocele. It is important for owners to recognize which side the problem begins to develop on. When the mucocele becomes extremely large as it has in this case, it is very difficult to determine which salivary gland to remove.
和感染时引起的炎性反应。临床上以唾液分 泌状态改变为特征。
犬、猫唾液腺解剖位置:
2.病因:
(1)异物刺激:采食尖锐异物 (2)病原微生物:细菌、病毒 (3)vitA缺乏 (4)伴发于一些传染病:犬瘟热,马腺疫等
3 症状
(1)唾液腺局部炎症(肿、热、痛) :局部敏 感、头部运动不灵活
(2)腺体分泌增加:流涎 (3)采食缓慢
Figure 3. This Husky dog had a cervical mucocele. Frequently when placed on the back, it is easier to determine which side the mucocele has developed from.
1.组成
消化管:口腔,咽、食道、胃、肠和肛门 消化腺:唾液腺、肠腺、肝脏和胰腺
家禽消化系统
2.functions:
digestion absorption motility defense evacuation
3.病因:原发性,继发性
引起消化系统疾病常见的病原
4.临床症状:消化障碍,流涎,呕吐,腹
Figure 6. Surgical removal of the mandibular and sublingual glands is required to adequately treat salivary mucocele. This picture shows the mandibular gland being dissected free. Note the close proximity to several large veins.
(4)仔猪传染性腮腺炎:体温升高、一侧或双 侧腮腺肿大、局部发红、流涎、吞咽障碍
(5)化脓性腮腺炎:可因肿胀压迫面部神经, 引起麻痹,面向一侧偏,双侧麻痹时口不能闭 合,唇下垂
4.治疗
(1)消炎:抗生素 (2)防止脱水及酸中毒:输液及补碱 (3)促进局部炎性物吸收
热敷、碘化钾软膏、鱼石脂软膏 (4)化脓性腮性炎及局部溃疡形成瘘管可采取
(2)继发
a.口腔及胃肠疾病 b.营养代谢病 c.中毒(汞、铜、铅) d.传染病
3.症状:
红、肿、热、痛,采食小心困难,流涎 (1) 口腔疼痛:咀嚼缓慢 、张口、伸舌、疼痛 (2) 流涎:炎性刺激→ 唾液分必泌增加 (3) 口腔检查
口腔黏膜潮红、肿胀、疼痛、口温增高等共同症 状。
猫 咽 喉 部 由 于 口 炎 引 起 的 溃 疡
2.病因
(1)原发
➢ 机械损伤:粗硬饲料、尖锐异物(骨头、金属 丝),骡马口嚼
➢ 化学因素:误服刺激性或腐蚀性药物(石灰水、 醋酸、碱水等)
➢ 饲养管理不当:饲喂过热饲料,(灌服过热中药、 农村煮猪饲料)。误食不良、发霉饲料或有毒植 物
TORTOISE HERPESVIRUS INFECTION 龟的疱疹病毒感染
痛,腹泻,便秘和少便,腹胀,脱水。
5. 治疗原则:
机体要完成消化功能: 1. 结构必须完整 2.各器官的功能必须正常
消化系统疾病在内科疾病中是最常发病和多发病。
§2、口、咽和食管疾病
口炎
Fra Baidu bibliotek1. 定义:口腔黏膜及其深层炎症的
总称,包括舌炎、腭炎和齿龈炎 , 以流涎及口腔黏膜潮红、肿胀或损 伤为特征。 按炎症性质分:卡他性、水泡性、 溃疡性口炎等。 年老体弱者多发
马的坏死性口炎,厌氧菌引起
4.鉴别诊断:应与口蹄疫、传染性水疱性口 炎等相区别
口蹄疫-舌面水疱
5、治疗 原则:清除病因、净化口腔、收敛、消炎。 (1)除去病因 (2)清洗口腔 (3)抗生素治疗
预防:口腔保洁。
唾液腺炎(Sialoadenitis)
1.定义: 唾液腺(腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺)受到损害