Four_Books_and_Five_Classics 四书 英文简介
英文介绍四书五经在中国文化的重要性
英文介绍四书五经在中国文化的重要性Four Books and Five Classics is the core carrier of Confucianism, an important part of Chinese traditional culture, a treasure in ancient books of Chinese history and culture, and to a large extent, a representative of Chinese traditional culture. As long as we talk about Chinese traditional culture, we must mention the Four Books and Five Classics.The Four Books and Five Classics records in detail the historical facts of politics, military affairs, diplomacy, culture and other aspects of the most active period in the history of the development of the Chinese nation's ideology and culture, as well as the important philosophical thoughts of Confucius and Mencius that have influenced Chinese culture for thousands of years. They contain extremely extensive and profound contents, and have a very high position in the history of world culture and ideology. The beginning of each of the Four Books and Five Classics seems to be insipid, but it actually contains many fundamental propositions of Confucianism and even Chinese traditional culture. The four books and five classicsconstitute an important part of Chinese culture.。
中国古代经典著作名称中英文对照
四书:(Four Books)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Words of Mencius五经:(Five Classics)《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《三国演义》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms《水浒传》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh《西游记》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgrimage to the West 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream《聊斋志异》Strange Stories from a Scholar's Studio《山海经》Mountain and Sea Classics《战国策》Stratagems of the Warring States《史记》Records of the Grand Historian《世纪新说》New sayings of the World《西厢记》Romance of the Western Chamber《醒世恒言》Stories to Awaken Men(觉醒者的故事)《喻世明言》Stories to Enlighten Men(开导者的故事)《警世通言》Stories to Warn Men (警告者的故事)《官场现形记》Exposure of the Official World(接触官方世界) 《本草纲目》Outline of Herb Medicine《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror(以史为镜《儒林外史》The Scholars《金瓶梅》the Golden Lotus《孙子兵法》Sun Tzu The Art Of War《道德经》Tao Te Ching《汉书》The History of the Han Dynasty《后汉书》The History of Latter Han《三国志》The History of the Three Kingdoms《二十年目睹之怪现状》Odd things witnessed over twenty years 《孽海花》A torn lily or flower in the vicious sea《老残游记》Travels of Lao Tsan or Travels of an Old Man 《孝经》Book of Filial Piety。
中国古代经典著作名称中英文对照
四书:(Four Books)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Words of Mencius五经:(Five Classics)《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《三国演义》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms《水浒传》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh《西游记》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgrimage to the West 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions or A Red-Chamber Dream《聊斋志异》Strange Stories from a Scholar's Studio《山海经》Mountain and Sea Classics《战国策》Stratagems of the Warring States《史记》Records of the Grand Historian《世纪新说》New sayings of the World《西厢记》Romance of the Western Chamber《醒世恒言》Stories to Awaken Men(觉醒者的故事)《喻世明言》Stories to Enlighten Men(开导者的故事)《警世通言》Stories to Warn Men (警告者的故事)《官场现形记》Exposure of the Official World(接触官方世界) 《本草纲目》Outline of Herb Medicine《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror(以史为镜《儒林外史》The Scholars《金瓶梅》the Golden Lotus《孙子兵法》Sun Tzu The Art Of War《道德经》Tao Te Ching《汉书》The History of the Han Dynasty《后汉书》The History of Latter Han《三国志》The History of the Three Kingdoms《二十年目睹之怪现状》Odd things witnessed over twenty years 《孽海花》A torn lily or flower in the vicious sea《老残游记》Travels of Lao Tsan or Travels of an Old Man 《孝经》Book of Filial Piety。
The Four Books
The Four Books小组成员：张亚男（The Speaker）田学真（PPT Maker）孟娜（Content Writer）The Four Books and The Five Classics were the canonical works of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning , The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects and The works of Mencius.The Five Classics includes The Book of Poetry, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals.The Four Books and The Five Classics, they cover a wide range of subjects as literature, history, philosophy, politics, economics, education, moral ethics, geology, arts, science and technology ,etc. And the most important textbooks for the Confucian scholars to disseminate the educational thoughts of the Confucian School and a must for ancient scholars who had to pass the imperial competitive examination to become government officials. In short, they have a far-reaching influence on the way of existence, intellectual quality, moral ethics and esthetic values of the Chinese nation.The Great LearningThe Great Learning, written in the early Han Dynasty, is in fact an essay in The Books of Rites. The authorship of the book is not clear. It is assumed that it is the work of Zengshen, one of Confucius's disciples, or that the disciple got it from Confucius. It preaches the cultivation of one's character and the wisdoms of governing a country during the "daxue" period of ancient China. It is the imagination of ancient education by the Han people, through which they can put forward their own educational theories.The Doctrine of the MeanThe Doctrine of the Mean is another essay in The Books of Rites. A sister chapter to The Great Learning. The book ,written in the early Han Dynasty, was said to be composed by Zisi, a grandson of Confucius', and was later down to Mencius. It is about the Confucian philosophy of life. According to the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, the great learning is a gateway to perfect virtue, and the Doctrine of The Mean teaches the ways of conducting things in the world. Zhongyong or the Mean, a typical Confucian concept, is composed of two Chinese characters: Zhong means neither too much nor too few; and Yong means neither too outstanding nor too common. This is the spirit of the happy medium, which is indeed the highest principle of Confucianism regarding the ways of life. According to the book,loyalty, filialpiety, benevolence and love are all part of human nature. Everything will be fine provided people let nature take its own course. However, the fact is that not everybody can do so. Therefore it is necessary for people to receive education, and try to perfect themselves.The Confucian AnalectsThe Confucian Analects is a collection of sayings and teachings of Confucian and his disciples. It was complied in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples taken according to the answers the Master gave to their questions. It embodies the Confucian concept of ren or humanity or benevolence. Ren is rich in content, and varied in form. The core of the concept is "the benevolent love of others" or universal love, which is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble character. One should be clear about what to love or to hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation; it can be seen from a person's appearance.The works of MenciusThe works of Mencius is a collection of anecdotes about teachings of Master MengKe, or Mencius, a fourth-generation disciple of Confucius. The whole book, vivid in language and consistent in style, was polished and finalized by Mencuis himself. It embodies the philosophical and political thinking of Mencuis, who also stressed ren and yi (humanity and righteousness), with emphasis on the latter. While Confucius advocated "sacrificing oneself for ren" , Mencius encouraged "sacrificing oneself for yi". Mencius developed and enriched the "ren and yi theory" of confucius, saying that both ren and yi are inherent. Mencius supposed that every man is good by nature, believing that every man can become a saint if he cultivates and develops his "good nature". Mencius called for a benevolent government, or a benevolence-oriented policy. The purpose is to enable people to live and work in happiness, and to make the monarch enjoy prosperity with his subjects, which ensures social tranquility and long-term peace.。
四大名著的英文介绍
四大名著的英文介绍中国四大名著英文简介Chinese Literature - Novels and fiction Hongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹(d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉. With a loving detaildescribing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interestingand convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms isone of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynastyby Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynasty where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known asthe "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modernday Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by LiuBei that his habit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was out gathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdoms biography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack the rival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the MarshThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us. Everyone recognizes that JinSheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtainedthe interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thusso-called "Tota kings".晁盖平生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。
四大名著英语简介
The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the publication of four famous Chinese classics of literature:Romance of the Three Kingdoms<三国演义>，Water Margin<水浒传>，Journey to the West<西游记>,and Dream of the Red Mansions<红楼梦>。
They have been celebrated for centuries for their rich historical and cultural significance.Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guangzhong is recongnised as the earliest full-length Chinese novel. Based on history book and folk legends, the plot centres on the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei,Shu and Wu,and on the political, military,anf displomatic struggles during that period.One main theme the author wants to advocates is brotherhood<义气>。
The dialogues in the novel play an importanr role in revealing the character’s personalities. Liu Bei is portrayed as an ideal ruler who adheres to the benevolent politics(仁政).Zhuge liang is depicted as an outstanding statesman and a strategist whose foresight is godlike.With his wit his name has become a byword(代名词) for inexhaustible resourcefulness.Zhang Fei’s valiance(勇猛)and strighforwardness,Guan Yu’s loyalty,and Cao Cao’s cunning are also skillfully depicted.Water Margin by Shi Nai’an tells the story of the rebllion of the 108 heroes at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.It is the first novel to deal with the subject of peasant revolts in China.During the peasant uprising,the rebllious heroes execute justice in the name of Heaven bykilling the rich and relieving the poor(杀富济贫，替天行道).At the end of the novel,the rebels at Liangshan are defeated,and some,led by Song Jiang,accepted amnesty and surrendered (归顺)to the government. Journey to the West by Wu Cheng’en is an outstanding romanic work full of fantastic tales .It is generally recognised as a masterpiece about deities(神仙) and spirits .The novel tells of the Tang Dynasty monk,Xuan Zang,overcomeing 81 adcerities(苦难)and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India,assisted by his three disciples:Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Sha Seng.Dream of the Red Mansions bv Cao Xueqin reached the pinnacles(顶峰)of Chinese novels.The athor was born into a noble and powerful family,which was later reduced to poverty from extreme prosperity. His novel describes the prosperity and decline of a large feudal family.The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu.Instead of just telling the love story,it tapes the social origins of the tragedy through probing(探究)deeply into the character’s minds and complicated relationships. The characters Jia Baoyu,Lin Daiyu,Xue Baochai,Sister Feng,and Granny Liu have become artistic figurs of lasting charm.。
四书五经总览（详解）
四书五经总览四书五经（The Four Books and Five Classics）是四书和五经的合称，是中国儒家的经典书籍。
四书是指《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》和《中庸》；而五经是指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《周易》、《春秋》，简称为“诗、书、礼、易、春秋”，其实本来应该有六经，还有一本《乐经》，合称“诗、书、礼、乐、易、春秋”，但后来亡于秦火，只剩下五经。
四书四书（Four Books）为儒家经典，南宋学者朱熹将《礼记》中《大学》、《中庸》两篇拿出来单独成书，和《论语》、《孟子》合为四书。
据称它们分别出于早期儒家的四位代表性人物曾参、子思、孔子、孟子，所以称为《四子书》（也称《四子》），简称为《四书》。
之后各朝皆以《四书》列为科举考试范围，因而造就《四书》独特的地位。
甚至宋朝以后《四书》已凌驾《五经》的地位。
南宋光宗绍熙元年（1190年），当时著名理学家朱熹在福建漳州将《大学》、《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》汇集到一起，作为一套经书刊刻问世。
这位儒家大学者认为“先读《大学》，以定其规模；次读《论语》，以定其根本；次读《孟子》，以观其发越；次读《中庸》，以求古人之微妙处”。
并曾说“《四子》，《六经》之阶梯”（《朱子语类》）朱熹著《四书章句集注》，具有划时代意义。
汉唐是《五经》时代，宋后是《四书》时代。
《大学》《大学》（The Great Learning）原本是《礼记》中一篇，在南宋前从未单独刊印。
传为孔子弟子曾参（前505年—前434年）作。
自唐代韩愈、李翱维护道统而推崇《大学》（与《中庸》），至北宋二程百般褒奖宣扬，甚至称“《大学》，孔氏之遗书而初学入德之门也”，再到南宋朱熹继承二程思想，便把《大学》从《礼记》中抽出来，与《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》并列，到朱熹撰《四书章句集注》时，便成了《四书》之一。
按朱熹和宋代另一位著名学者程颐的看法，《大学》是孔子及其门徒留下来的遗书，是儒学的入门读物。
英语百科
英语百科【文学-四书The Four Books】①《大学》The Great Learning；②《论语》The Analects['ænəletks] of Confucius；③《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean；④《孟子》The Works of Mencius【文学-五经The Five Classics 】①《诗经》The Book of Songs；②《书经》The Book of History；③《易经》The Book of Changes；④《礼经》The book of Rites；⑤《春秋》The Spring and Autumn annals【中国古代四大发明Four Great Inventions of Ancient China】①paper making造纸术；②gunpowder火药；③printing印刷术；④compass指南针【身体部位-头】hair头发；baldhead秃头；forehead额；temple太阳穴；eyebrow眉毛；eye眼睛；eyelid眼皮；ear耳朵；cheek面颊；nose鼻子；lip嘴唇；dimple酒窝；philtrum 人中；mouth口；tongue舌头；tooth牙齿；gum牙龈；chin下巴；wrinkles皱纹；crow's-feet 鱼尾纹；mole痣；mustache胡子【四大名著】《红楼梦》——A Dream of the Red Mansions / The Story of the Stone；《西游记》——Pilgrimage /Journey to the West ；《三国演义》——The Romance of the Three Kingdoms ；《水浒传》——Heroes of the Marshes / Water Margins【各种天气】Meteorology气象学;Atmosphere大气;Climate气候;Elements自然力量(风、雨);Temperature气温;Frost霜;Hail冰雹;Snow雪;Thunder雷;Wind风;Mist雾;Fog浓雾;Cloud云;Haze霾;Downpour/Shower暴雨Storm/Tempest暴风雨;Lightning闪电;Dew露水;Snowflake雪花;Humidity潮湿;Freeze冰冻【风】0级-Calm无风;1级-Light air软风;2级-Light breeze轻风;3级-Gentle breeze 微风;4级-Moderate breeze 和风;5级-Fresh breeze清风;6级-Strong breeze强风;7级-Moderate gale疾风;8级-Fresh gale大风;9级-Strong gale烈风;10级-Whole gale狂风;11级-Storm暴风;12~7级-Hurricane飓风【科目】:语文Chinese；数学Mathematics；英语English；代数Algebra ；几何Geometry；生物Biology；化学Chemistry；物理Physics；理科Science；文科Liberal Arts；体育PE（physical education）；历史History；政治Politics；地理Geography；文学Literature；音乐Music；美术Art【形容菜和食品味道】： tasteless 无味的 greasy 油腻的 light 清淡的 tasty 美味的delicious 味道好的 flat 淡而无味的（如走了汽的啤酒） sweet 甜的 sour 酸的 bitter苦的 hot 辣的 salty 咸的 spiced 加香料的 fragrant 香的 seasoned 加作料的【五险一金】：endowment insurance 养老保险；medical insurance 医疗保险；unemployment insurance 失业保险；employment injury insurance 工伤保险；maternity insurance 生育保险；housing fund 住房公积金【七夕送巧克力】:纯巧克力 plain chocolate；牛奶巧克力 milk chocolate；白巧克力white chocolate；黑巧克力 dark chocolate；酒心巧克力 liqueur chocolate；果仁巧克力 nut chocolate；热巧克力 hot chocolate；香槟巧克力 champagne chocolate【与horse有关的英语词组】：1. on one's high horse傲慢无礼，目中无人。
书五经英文版完整版
书五经英文版HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】四书 The Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》 The Confucian Analects 《孟子》 The Works of Mencius|《论语》The Confucian Analects 学而时习之，不亦说乎？It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and, as you go on acquiring, to put into practice what you have acquired.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial mindscome from afar to seek you because of your attainments.温故而知新，可以为师矣。
If a man will constantly go over what he has acquired and keep continually adding to it new acquirements, he may become a teacher of men.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Study without thinking is labor lost. Thinking without study is perilous.君子周而不比，小人比而不周。
A wise man is impartial, not neutral. A fool is neutral but not impartial.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
To know what it is that you know, and to know what it is that you do not know, —that is understanding.辜鸿铭译|《孟子》The Works of Mencius故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨、饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
四书五经英文版
四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Confucian Analects 《孟子》The Works of Mencius|《论语》The Confucian Analects 学而时习之，不亦说乎？It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and, as you go on acquiring, to put into practice what you have acquired.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments.温故而知新，可以为师矣。
If a man will constantly go over what he has acquired and keep continually adding to it new acquirements, he may become a teacher of men.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Study without thinking is labor lost. Thinking without study is perilous.君子周而不比，小人比而不周。
A wise man is impartial, not neutral. A fool is neutral but not impartial.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
To know what it is that you know, and to know what it is that you do not know, —that is understanding.辜鸿铭译|《孟子》The Works of Mencius故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨、饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
四书五经英文版
四书五经英文版内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）四书 The Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 The Confucian Analects《孟子》 The Works of Mencius|《论语》The Confucian Analects学而时习之，不亦说乎？It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and, as you go on acquiring, to put into practice what you have acquired.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments.温故而知新，可以为师矣。
If a man will constantly go over what he has acquired and keep continually adding to it new acquirements, he may become a teacher of men.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Study without thinking is labor lost. Thinking without study is perilous.君子周而不比，小人比而不周。
A wise man is impartial, not neutral. A fool is neutral but not impartial.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
To know what it is that you know, and to know what it is thatyou do not know, —that is understanding.辜鸿铭译|《孟子》The Works of Mencius故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨、饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
Four_Books_and_Five_Classics 四书 英文简介
Four Books and Five ClassicsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchNot to be confused with Four Great Classical Novels."Four Books" redirects here. For the Shi`a Muslim collections of hadiths, see The Four Books.It has been suggested that this article or section be mergedwith Thirteen Classics. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2012.This article contains Chinesetext. Without proper renderingsupport, you may see questionmarks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead of Chinese characters.The Four Books and Five Classics(simplified Chinese: 四书五经; traditional Chinese: 四書五經; pinyin: Sìshū Wŭjīng) are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.[1]Contents∙ 1 Four Books∙ 2 Five Classics∙ 3 Notes∙ 4 See also∙ 5 External linksFour BooksThe Four Books(Chinese: 四書; pinyin: Sì Shū) are Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism. They were selected by Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty to serve as general introduction to Confucian thought, and they were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations. They are:Title (English)Title(Chinese)Brief DescriptionGreat Learning大學Originally one chapter in the Classic of Rites. It consists of a short main text attributed to Confucius and nine commentary chapters by Zeng Zi, one of Confucius's disciple s. Its importance is illustrated by Zeng Zi's foreword that this is the gateway of learning.It is significant because it expresses many themes of Chinese philosophy and political thinking, and has therefore been extremely influential both in classical and modern Chinese thought. Government, self cultivation and investigation of things are linked.Doctrineof the Mean 中庸Another chapter in Classic of Rites, attributed to Confucius' grandson Zisi. The purpose of this small, 33-chapter book is todemonstrate the usefulness of a golden way to gain perfect virtue.It focuses on the Way(道) that is prescribed by a heavenlymandate not only to the ruler but to everyone. To follow theseheavenly instructions by learning and teaching will automaticallyresult in a Confucian virtue. Because Heaven has laid down whatis the way to perfect virtue, it is not that difficult to follow thesteps of the holy rulers of old if one only knows what is the rightway.Analects論語A compilation of speeches by Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. Since Confucius's time, the Analects has heavily influenced the philosophy and moral values of China and later other East Asian countries as well. TheImperial examinations, started in the Jin Dynasty and eventually abolished with the founding of the Republic of China, emphasized Confucian studies and expected candidates to quote and apply the words of Confucius in their essays.Mencius孟子A collection of conversations of the scholar Mencius with kings of his time. In contrast to the sayings of Confucius, which are short and self-contained, the Mencius consists of long dialogues with extensive prose.Five ClassicsThe Five Classics (simplified Chinese: 五经; traditional Chinese: 五經; pinyin: Wǔ Jīng) are five ancient Chinese books used in Confucianism as the basis of studies. These books, or parts of them, were either commented, compiled, or edited by Confucius himself. They are:Title (English) Title(Chinese)Brief DescriptionClassic of Poetry 詩經A collection of 305 poems divided into 160 folksongs, 105 festal songs sung at court ceremonies, and40 hymns and eulogies sung at sacrifices to gods andancestral spirits of the royal house.Book of Documents 尚書A collection of documents and speeches alleged tohave been written by rulers and officials of theearly Zhou period and before. It is possibly theoldest Chinese narrative, and may date from the 6thcentury BC. It includes examples of early Chineseprose.Book of Rites 禮記Describes ancient rites, social forms and courtceremonies. The version studied today is a re-workedversion compiled by scholars in the third century BCrather than the original text, which is said to havebeen edited by Confucius himself.Classicof Changes 易經Also known as I Ching or Book of Changes. The bookcontains a divination system comparable to Westerngeomancy or the West African Ifá system. In Westerncultures and modern East Asia, it is still widelyused for this purpose. Springand Autumn Annals 春秋Also known as Līn Jīng (麟經), a historical record ofthe state of Lu, Confucius's native state, 722–481BC, compiled by himself, with implied condemnation ofusurpations, murder, incest, etc.The Classic of Music (樂經) is sometimes considered as the sixth classic.[edit] Notes1.^ Bleeker, C. J. and G. Widengren (1971). Historia Religionum,Volume 2 Religions of the Present. BRILL. p. 478. ISBN90-04-02598-7.[edit] See also∙Chinese classics∙Chinese literature∙Thirteen Classics[edit] External links∙Ulrich Theobol, "Chinese Literature - alphabetical index" at CHINAKNOWLEDGE - a universal guide for China studies ∙Donald Jordan (University of California, San Diego): The Canonical Books of Confucianism∙v∙t∙eConfucian textsFour Books ∙Great Learning∙Doctrine of the Mean ∙Analects∙MenciusFive Classics ∙Classic of Poetry ∙Book of Documents ∙Book of Rites∙I Ching∙Spring and Autumn AnnalsThree Commentaries∙The Commentary of Zuo∙The Commentary of Gongyang∙The Commentary of GuliangThirteen Classics∙Classic of Poetry∙Book of Documents∙Rites of Zhou∙The Ceremonies and Rites∙Classic of Rites∙Classic of Changes∙The Commentary of Zuo∙The Commentary of Gongyang∙The Commentary of Guliang∙The Analects∙Luxuriant and Refined Words∙The Classic of Filial Piety∙The MenciusOther∙Han Kitab∙Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind∙Old Texts∙The Twenty-four Filial ExemplarsThis East Asia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.∙Retrieved from"/w/index.php?title=Four_Books_and_Five_Classi cs&oldid=499665337"Categories:∙Chinese classic texts∙Confucian texts∙Chinese literature∙Chinese philosophy∙Chinese thought∙Song Dynasty∙East Asia stubsHidden categories:∙Articles to be merged from March 2012∙All articles to be merged∙Articles containing simplified Chinese language text ∙Articles containing traditional Chinese language text Personal tools∙Create account∙Log inNamespaces∙Article∙TalkVariantsViews∙Read∙Edit∙View historyActionsSearch错误！未找到引用源。
四书五经英文版
四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Confucian Analects 《孟子》The Works of Mencius|《论语》The Confucian Analects 学而时习之，不亦说乎？It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and, as you go on acquiring, to put into practice what you have acquired.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments.温故而知新，可以为师矣。
If a man will constantly go over what he has acquired and keep continually adding to it new acquirements, he may become a teacher of men.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Study without thinking is labor lost. Thinking without study is perilous.君子周而不比，小人比而不周。
A wise man is impartial, not neutral. A fool is neutral but not impartial.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
To know what it is that you know, and to know what it is that you do not know, —that is understanding.辜鸿铭译|《孟子》The Works of Mencius故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨、饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
四大名著英文简介
四大名著英文简介第一篇：四大名著英文简介水浒传：Heroes of the Marshes;或者Water Margins（三国演义： The Romance of Three Kingdoms西游记： Pilgrimage to the West或者ourney to the West红楼梦：The Story of the Stone 或者A Dream in Red Mansions水浒传The novel “ Heroes of the Marshes ” is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey...An ancient epic tale...the period was composed and immortalized.As we know this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.the Song Dynastyreached its apogee and declined.As a victim of corruption and decadence.we can find historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.A man called Shi Nai-an wrote down the novel Heroes of the Marshes that read by us today.Heroes of the Marshes is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it tells about 108 heros who cannot bear injustice nor abuse That is the reason why their popularity has lasted for centuries.三国演义“Three Kingdoms is the tale of the fall of the Later Han Dynasty of China.It describes the lives of those feudal lords and their retainers who tried to either replace the empire or restore it.While the novel actually follows literally hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the 3 families who would eventually carve out the 3 kingdoms from the remnants of the Han.The Liu family in the Shu kingdom led by Liu Bei, The Cao family in Wei led by Cao Cao, and the Sun family in Wu eventually led by Sun Quan.西游记Journey to the West, commonly known to the western readers as is a supernatural novel about a world of of fantastic invention, in which gods and demons loom large and vie for supremacy.The novel began with a series of oral and written versions, and eventually attained its most definitive version written by Wu Ch'eng-en(1500?-1582), a scholar-official in the Yantze region, and published in 1592.红楼梦中文：《红楼梦》以贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的恋爱婚姻悲剧为主线，描写了以贾家为代表的四大家族的兴衰，揭示了封建大家庭的各种错综复杂的矛盾，表现了封建的婚姻、道德、文化、教育的腐朽、堕落，塑造了一系列贵族、平民以及奴隶出身的女子的悲剧形象，展示了极其广阔的封建社会的典型生活环境.英文：” The Story of the Stone "is based on Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai by describing their marriage and tragedy.The novel is also the description of the rise and fall of sediments which was represented by the four most prominent families, reveals the complex contradictions of the feudal family, performance of the feudal marriage,morality, culture, education and decadent, degenerate and create a series of nobility civilians and the tragic image of a slave woman who has demonstrated an extremely broad typical feudal society living environment.第二篇：四大名著英文简介《三国演义》----《The Romance of the Three Kindoms》《水浒传》----《The Story by the Water Margin》《红楼梦》----《The Dream of the Red Chamber 》《西游记》----《Journey to the West》Chinese LiteratureIf they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
《中国传统文化》英文版 四书
The Analects
▪ Benevolence embodies the ethical system of Confucius. “The benevolent love others.” Benevolence is in fact the moral codes regarding self-cultivation and interpersonal relationship. It, in the eyes of Confucius, is the noblest character and moral state embracing and commanding all virtues. Benevolence, in the book of Analects by Confucius, includes modesty, leniency, faithfulness, resourcefulness, kindness, bravery, wisdom, and honesty with slowness of speech, loyalty, tolerance, studiousness, etc.
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The Great Learning
在在在大 止亲明学 于民明之 至，德道 善 ，，
。
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
与为为为为
国人人人人
人父子臣君
交，，，，
—— ·
，止止止止 止于于于于
大
《 传 第
于 信 。
慈 ；
孝 ；
敬 ；
仁 ；
学
三
章
》
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The Great Learning
英译中国传统文化—四书五经
英译中国传统文化—四书五经“四书”在先秦时期就存在了，但是当时还没有“四书”这一说法，其中除了记录孔子言行的《论语》之外，还有《孟子》，《大学》和《中庸》。
《孟子》是记述儒家学派另一位代表人物孟轲的政治思想的书。
而《大学》与《中庸》本来是《礼记》中的两篇文章，主要是讲如何做学问和如何修身的，到南宋时，著名学者朱熹把它们分别独立出来加以注解，和《论语》，《孟子》，作为学习儒家经典的初级入门教材，叫做《四书章句集注》，也简称“四书”。
“五经”是指《易经》，《尚书》，《诗经》，《礼记》和《春秋》五部经典。
明清时期，科举考试都是根据“四书五经”里面的文句出题，考生对字句的解释必须依照朱熹的《四书章句集注》等。
于是“四书五经”成为知识分子最重要的教科书，而“四书五经”中的儒家思想也通过这样的方式成为当时人们为人处世的准则。
“四书五经”中蕴含的思想也深深的影响着现在的人们。
译文：Four Books and Five Classics For Books came into existence before the Qin Dynasty ,although they were not called “Four Book”at thattime.The Analects of Confucius,one of the Four Books,is the collection of words and deeds of Confucius.The other three are Mencius ,The Great Learning,The Doctrine of the Mean.Mencius reported the political thought of Master Meng ke who was another prominent figure of Confucianism.The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean are two charters from the corpus of The Records of Rites originally.They are the collections of treatise on the rule of propriety and ceremonial usages.Zhuxi,the well—known scholar of the Southern Song Dynasties,offered elaborated comments on the two books.Together with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius,they are called The Collected Notes on Passages in the Four Books,commonly known as “Four Books”.They were regarded as the elementary textbooks for Confucianism study.Five Classics refer to five ancient classics:The Book of Changes,The Books of Documents,The Book of Songs ,The Records of Rites and The Spring and Autumn Annals.In Dynasties of Ming and Qing,the sentences from “Four Books and Five Classics”were the basic for the Imperial Examinations.Examinees had to explain them according to The Collected Notes on Passages in the Four Books .Therefore,“Four Books and The Five Classics”became the most importanttextbooks for scholars of that time,Then the Confucian thought of “Four Books and The Five Classics”became the guideline of behavior.Further more, as the most important ancient corpus of China.it still has great influence on the current generation.。
四书五经英文版
———————————————————————————————— 作者:
———————————————————————————————— 日期：
四书TheFｏｕrＢｏｏks
《大学》ＴheGｒeat Learｎiｎｇ
《中庸》ＴhｅDoｃtrineｏf theMean
《论语》TheＣonfucian Analectｓ
Ｂyｔｈe look-out towｅｒonｔhｅwall！
Onｅday wｉｔhｏuｔｔｈeｓighｔoｆyｏu,
Isliｋetｈreeｍｏｎｔｈs．
《击鼓》节选 ＪI GU
死生契阔，与子成说。
执子之手，与子偕老。
For liｆｅｏr for deａtｈ,however separated,
Ｔｏour wiveｓwe plｅｄgｅd our word.
Gｕaｎ－guａn goｔhｅosｐreys,
On tｈｅｉsletiｎtｈe rｉｖeｒ.
Tｈe mｏdesｔ，retirinｇ, vｉrtｕoｕs，yｏunｇlａdy :–
For ouｒprince a goodｍａte shｅ.
《子衿》ＺＩJIN
青青子衿,悠悠我心。
纵我不往,子宁不嗣音。
青青子佩，悠悠我思。
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Stuｄywｉthｏｕt thinking isｌabor lost. Thｉｎｋiｎgｗithout stｕdyiｓperiｌｏuｓ.
君子周而不比,小人比而不周。
A wｉｓｅｍaniｓiｍpaｒtｉal, noｔnｅuｔrａl.A fｏｏｌiｓ ｎeutraｌbuｔnotｉmpａｒtiaｌ．
《资治通鉴》Hiｓtory Rｅtｏｌd as a Mirrorｆor Rulers
儒家经典之“四书五经”
儒家经典之“四书五经”The Four Books is an abbreviation for “The Books of the Four Philosophers” because The Analects of Confucius, The Mencius, The Doctrine of the Golden Mean and The Great Learning are respectively attributed to four great Confucian philosophers, namely Confucius, Mencius, Zisi （子思 the grandson of Confucius）, Tsang Shan （曾参 a disciple of Confucius）. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties the Four Books were made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations, which endowed them with the superior status in China.The Analects of Confucius论语The Mencius孟子The Doctrine of the Golden Mean中庸The Great Learning 大学The Five Classics五经The Five Classics （五经） is a corpus of five ancient Chinese books used by Confucianism as the basis of studies. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs， The Classic of History， The Classic of Rites, The Book of Changes， and The Spring and Autumn Annals， all of which are said to be compiled or revised by Confucius.The Book of Songs诗经The Classic of History尚书The Classic of Rites礼记The Book of Changes周易The Spring and Autumn Annals春秋北京朱海涛供稿。
TheFourBooksandFiveClassics
The Great LearningConfucianism TheFourBooksandFiveClassicsThe Four Books (sì shū 四书) refer to The Analects ofConfucius (lún yǔ论语), The Mencius (mèng zǐ孟⼦), TheGreat Learning (dà xué ⼤学) and The Doctrine of theGolden Mean (zhōng yōng 中庸). The former two arecollections of sayings and teachings of Confucius (kǒng zǐ孔⼦) and Mencius (mèng zǐ孟⼦) as well as sayings oftheir disciples while the latter two are chapters in TheClassic of Rites (lǐ jì 礼记). Chu His (zhū xī 朱熹), a famousscholar of the Southern Song Dynasty (nán sòng 南宋), heldthat The Four Books together outlined the basic system ofConfucian thoughts (rú jiā sī xiǎng 儒家思想) andconstituted a better introduction to the complicated materialsin the Classics (jīng diǎn 经典), thus selecting these fourtexts from Classics and put them together as the FourBooks.The Four Books is an abbreviation for 'The Books of theFour Philosophers’ because The Analects of Confucius, The Mencius, The Doctrine of the Golden Mean and The Great Learning are respectively attributed to four great Confucian philosophers, namely Confucius, Mencius, Zisi (zǐ sī ⼦思 the grandson of Confucius), Tsang Shan ( zēng shēn 曾参 a disciple of Confucius). In the Ming and Qing Dynasties the Four Books were made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations (kē jǔ kǎo shì 科举考试), which endowed them with the superior status in China.The Great LearningThe Great Learning was originally one chapter in Li Ji (theRecords of Rites). It consists of a short main text attributedto Confucius and nine commentary chapters by Zeng Zi(zēng zǐ曾⼦), one of Confucius' disciples. Its importance isillustrated by Zeng Zi's foreword that this is the gateway oflearning. It is significant because it expresses many themesof Chinese philosophy and political thinking, and hastherefore been extremely influential both in classical andmodern Chinese thought. Government, self cultivation andinvestigation of things are linked. It links together individualaction in the form of self-cultivation with higher goals suchas ultimate world peace as well as linking together thespiritual and the material. In addition, by defining the path oflearning (Dao) in governmental and social terms, the GreatLearning both links the spiritual with the practical, andcreates a vision of Dao that is radically different from thatpresented by Daoism (dào jiào 道教). In particular, the Great Learning sets Confucianism (rú jiào 儒教) as being this-worldly rather than other-worldly. Finally, the Great Learning also creates a conservative political discourse. Instead of basing its authority on an external deity, the Great Learning bases its authority on the practices of ancient kings.The Doctrine of the MeanThe Doctrine of the Mean was also one chapter in Li Ji. By tradition, the Doctrine of the Mean is attributed to Confucius' grandson Zisi (zǐ sī ⼦思). The purpose of this small, 33-chapter book is to demonstrate the usefulness of a golden way to gain perfect virtue. It focuses on the "way" that is prescribed by a heavenly mandate not only to the ruler but to everyone. To follow these heavenly instructions by learning and teaching will automatically result in a Confucian virtue. Because Heaven has laid down what is the way to perfect virtue, it is not that difficult to follow the steps of the holy rulers of old if one only knows what the right way is.ConfuciusThe Book of Songs The Analects of ConfuciusThe Analects of Confucius are a record of the words andacts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopherConfucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions theyheld. The Chinese title literally means "discussion overConfucius' words." Written during the Spring and AutumnPeriod (chūn qiū shí qī 春秋时期) through the WarringStates Period (zhàn guó shí qī 战国时期 ca. 479 BC - 221BC), the Analects is the representative work ofConfucianism and continues to have a tremendousinfluence on Chinese and East Asian thought and valuestoday.The Mencius The Mencius is a collection of conversations of the scholar Mencius with kings of his time. In contrast to the sayings of Confucius, which are short and self-contained, the Mencius consists of long dialogues with extensive prose. Mencius argued that human beings are born with an innate moral sense, but that society corrupted it through lack of a positive cultivating influence.Therefore, the goal of moral cultivation is to return to the people's innate morality. Consistent with his belief in the individual, Mencius contended that it was permissible for people to overthrow or kill a ruler who ignored the public's needs or ruled harshly.The Five ClassicsThe Five Classics (w ǔ jīng 五经) is a corpus of five ancient Chinese books used byConfucianism as the basis of studies. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs (shī jīng 诗经), The Classic of History (shū jīng 书经), The Classic of Rites , The Book of Changes (a.k.a I Ching zhōu yì 周易), and The Spring and Autumn Annals (chūn qiū 春秋), all of which are said to be compiled or revised by Confucius.The Book of SongsThe Book of Songs (a.k.a The Classic of Poetry or TheBook of Odes ), made up of 305 poems divided into 160 folksongs; 74 minor festal songs, traditionally sung at courtfestivities; 31 major festal songs, sung at more solemn courtceremonies; and 40 hymns and eulogies, sung at sacrificesto gods and ancestral spirits of the royal house. This book istraditionally credited as a compilation from Confucius. It isthe earliest collection of Chinese poems and it is the sourceof Chinese verse and the starting point of the Chineserealistic epic. Therefore, The Book of Songs serves as themost valuable and important material in the study of theChinese language from the 11th century to the 6th centuryB.C.The Classic of HistoryThe Classic of History is a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou period and before. It contains examples of early Chinese prose.The Classic of RitesThe Classic of Rites, the earliest and most complete record of social hierarchies andceremonies in ancient China, lost in the third century B.C., describes ancient rites and court ceremonies.The Book of ChangesGuaThe Book of Changes, also referred to as Zhou Yi (Book ofChanges of the Zhou Dynasty) or the I Ching, is regardedas the most preeminent among all Classics in ancientChina.The spring and Autumn AnnalsThe spring and Autumn Annals were the official chroniclesof the states during the Pre-Qin Period (xiān qín shí qī 先秦时期), however, only that of the State of Lu covering theperiod from 722 BC to 481 BC survived. This book was alsocompiled by Confucius thereby gaining extra significance and becoming a Confucian Classic. It is also the forerunner of the "chronological style" (biān nián tǐ编年体) of historiography.The Four Books and Five Classics (sì shū wǔ jīng 四书五经) have far-reaching influence on Chinese culture and also exert profound influence on the mentalities of Chinese people.四书五经《四书五经》是中国传统⽂化的重要组成部分，是儒家思想的核⼼载体，更是中国历史⽂化古籍中的宝典。
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Four Books and Five ClassicsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchNot to be confused with Four Great Classical Novels."Four Books" redirects here. For the Shi`a Muslim collections of hadiths, see The Four Books.It has been suggested that this article or section be mergedwith Thirteen Classics. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2012.This article contains Chinesetext. Without proper renderingsupport, you may see questionmarks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead of Chinese characters.The Four Books and Five Classics(simplified Chinese: 四书五经; traditional Chinese: 四書五經; pinyin: Sìshū Wŭjīng) are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.[1]Contents∙ 1 Four Books∙ 2 Five Classics∙ 3 Notes∙ 4 See also∙ 5 External linksFour BooksThe Four Books(Chinese: 四書; pinyin: Sì Shū) are Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism. They were selected by Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty to serve as general introduction to Confucian thought, and they were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations. They are:Title (English)Title(Chinese)Brief DescriptionGreat Learning大學Originally one chapter in the Classic of Rites. It consists of a short main text attributed to Confucius and nine commentary chapters by Zeng Zi, one of Confucius's disciple s. Its importance is illustrated by Zeng Zi's foreword that this is the gateway of learning.It is significant because it expresses many themes of Chinese philosophy and political thinking, and has therefore been extremely influential both in classical and modern Chinese thought. Government, self cultivation and investigation of things are linked.Doctrineof the Mean 中庸Another chapter in Classic of Rites, attributed to Confucius' grandson Zisi. The purpose of this small, 33-chapter book is todemonstrate the usefulness of a golden way to gain perfect virtue.It focuses on the Way(道) that is prescribed by a heavenlymandate not only to the ruler but to everyone. To follow theseheavenly instructions by learning and teaching will automaticallyresult in a Confucian virtue. Because Heaven has laid down whatis the way to perfect virtue, it is not that difficult to follow thesteps of the holy rulers of old if one only knows what is the rightway.Analects論語A compilation of speeches by Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. Since Confucius's time, the Analects has heavily influenced the philosophy and moral values of China and later other East Asian countries as well. TheImperial examinations, started in the Jin Dynasty and eventually abolished with the founding of the Republic of China, emphasized Confucian studies and expected candidates to quote and apply the words of Confucius in their essays.Mencius孟子A collection of conversations of the scholar Mencius with kings of his time. In contrast to the sayings of Confucius, which are short and self-contained, the Mencius consists of long dialogues with extensive prose.Five ClassicsThe Five Classics (simplified Chinese: 五经; traditional Chinese: 五經; pinyin: Wǔ Jīng) are five ancient Chinese books used in Confucianism as the basis of studies. These books, or parts of them, were either commented, compiled, or edited by Confucius himself. They are:Title (English) Title(Chinese)Brief DescriptionClassic of Poetry 詩經A collection of 305 poems divided into 160 folksongs, 105 festal songs sung at court ceremonies, and40 hymns and eulogies sung at sacrifices to gods andancestral spirits of the royal house.Book of Documents 尚書A collection of documents and speeches alleged tohave been written by rulers and officials of theearly Zhou period and before. It is possibly theoldest Chinese narrative, and may date from the 6thcentury BC. It includes examples of early Chineseprose.Book of Rites 禮記Describes ancient rites, social forms and courtceremonies. The version studied today is a re-workedversion compiled by scholars in the third century BCrather than the original text, which is said to havebeen edited by Confucius himself.Classicof Changes 易經Also known as I Ching or Book of Changes. The bookcontains a divination system comparable to Westerngeomancy or the West African Ifá system. In Westerncultures and modern East Asia, it is still widelyused for this purpose. Springand Autumn Annals 春秋Also known as Līn Jīng (麟經), a historical record ofthe state of Lu, Confucius's native state, 722–481BC, compiled by himself, with implied condemnation ofusurpations, murder, incest, etc.The Classic of Music (樂經) is sometimes considered as the sixth classic.[edit] Notes1.^ Bleeker, C. J. and G. Widengren (1971). Historia Religionum,Volume 2 Religions of the Present. BRILL. p. 478. ISBN90-04-02598-7.[edit] See also∙Chinese classics∙Chinese literature∙Thirteen Classics[edit] External links∙Ulrich Theobol, "Chinese Literature - alphabetical index" at CHINAKNOWLEDGE - a universal guide for China studies ∙Donald Jordan (University of California, San Diego): The Canonical Books of Confucianism∙v∙t∙eConfucian textsFour Books ∙Great Learning∙Doctrine of the Mean ∙Analects∙MenciusFive Classics ∙Classic of Poetry ∙Book of Documents ∙Book of Rites∙I Ching∙Spring and Autumn AnnalsThree Commentaries∙The Commentary of Zuo∙The Commentary of Gongyang∙The Commentary of GuliangThirteen Classics∙Classic of Poetry∙Book of Documents∙Rites of Zhou∙The Ceremonies and Rites∙Classic of Rites∙Classic of Changes∙The Commentary of Zuo∙The Commentary of Gongyang∙The Commentary of Guliang∙The Analects∙Luxuriant and Refined Words∙The Classic of Filial Piety∙The MenciusOther∙Han Kitab∙Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind∙Old Texts∙The Twenty-four Filial ExemplarsThis East Asia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.∙Retrieved from"/w/index.php?title=Four_Books_and_Five_Classi cs&oldid=499665337"Categories:∙Chinese classic texts∙Confucian texts∙Chinese literature∙Chinese philosophy∙Chinese thought∙Song Dynasty∙East Asia stubsHidden categories:∙Articles to be merged from March 2012∙All articles to be merged∙Articles containing simplified Chinese language text ∙Articles containing traditional Chinese language text Personal tools∙Create account∙Log inNamespaces∙Article∙TalkVariantsViews∙Read∙Edit∙View historyActionsSearch错误！未找到引用源。