《英语国家概况》试卷1及答案
英语国家概况(1)课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评
英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题英语国家概况（1）课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评（Unit 01-05）The United Kingdom (I)I. T rue or False:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I(T) 01. Britain is no longer an imperial country. (Unit 1)(T) 02. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people.(Unit 1)(T) 03. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes.(Unit 1)(F) 04. Scotland was once conquered by the Romans. (Unit 1)Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. (T)(F) 05. Cardiff, the capital of Scotland, is a large city. (Unit 1)Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. (T)(F) 06. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh to tradition. (Unit 1)The title of Prince of Wales is held by the King’s or Queen’s eldest son. (T)Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II(T) 07. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Island, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. (Unit 2)(F) 08. The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabitedBritish Isles before the English arrived 2000 years ago. (Unit 2)The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. (T)(F) 09. Most British people are Catholics while most Irish people are Protestants. (Unit 2)Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. (T)(F) 10. Sinn Fein is an illegal political party in Northern Ireland now. (Unit 2)Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland now. (T)(T) 11. The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in Northern Island. (Unit 2)(T) 12. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1988. (Unit 2)Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom(F) 13. In Britain, the process of state-building has been a revolution rather than an evolution, incontrast to that of France. (Unit 3)In Britain, the process of state-building has been an evolution rather than a revolution, in contrast to that of France. (T)(T) 14. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. (Unit 3)(F) 15. James I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (Unit 3)Charles I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (T)(T) 16. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. (Unit 3)(F) 17. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister appoints theCabinet. (Unit 3)Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. (T)(T) 18. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. (Unit 3)Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race(T) 19. In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. (Unit 4)(T) 20. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. (Unit 4) (F) 21. The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited as well as that on TV. (Unit 4)The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. (T)(T) 22. Children from upper-middle class usually have a better education than those from the working class or middle class. (Unit 4)(F) 23. The majority of middle-class people today have upper-class parents or grandparents. (Unit4)The majority of middle-class people today have working-class parents or grandparents. (T) (F) 24. Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians.(Unit 4)Some immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians.(T)Unit 5 The UK Economy(T) 25. By the 1880s, the British economy was dominant in the world. (Unit 5)(F) 26. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (Unit 5)Only the U.S. overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (T)(T) 27. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. (Unit 5)(T) 28. In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rate of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. (Unit 5)(F) 29. The secondary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (Unit 5)The tertiary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (T)(T) 30. The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force. (Unit 5)II. Choose the best answer:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I01. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (Unit 1) Key DA. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The football centre.02. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristic of Britain? (Unit 1) Key BA. Economic differences between north and south.B. Difference of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.03. Which of the following can NOT be found in London? (Unit 1) Key AA. Teahouses.B. Art galleries.C. Museums.D. Theatres.04. Which is the largest city in Scotland? (Unit 1) Key CA. Cardiff.B. Edinburgh.C. Glasgow.D. Manchester.05. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (Unit 1) Key BA. Wales was invaded by the Romans.B. Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.C. Wales was conquered by the Normans.D. Wales was threatened by the English.06. When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament?(Unit 1) Key BA. In 1688.B. In 1707.C. In 1715.D. In 1745.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II07. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and NorthernEngland to emigrate to the north of Ireland because ______. (Unit 2) Key AA. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in BritainC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them08. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for______. (Unit 2) Key DA. its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardD. its endless political problems09. Faced with conflicting demands, the British government chose a compromise and organised apartition of Ireland in 1921 because ______. (Unit 2) Key BA. the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by forceB. the British government intended to satisfy both sides—Catholics and ProtestantsC. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of IrelandD. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition10. Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule”from London? (Unit 2) Key DA. The power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. The Power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.11. Which of the following agreements is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in NorthernIreland? (Unit 2) Key CA. The Anglo-Irish AgreementB. The Belfast AgreementC. The Good Friday AgreementD. The Multi-Party Agreement12. According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by thefollowing jurisdictions except ______. (Unit 2) Key BA. the jurisdiction of the Republic of IrelandB. the jurisdiction of loyalist ministersC. the jurisdiction of Great BritainD. the jurisdiction of Northern IrelandUnit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (Unit 3) Key AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.14. What happened in 1215? (Unit 3) Key BA. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.D. King Egbert united England under his rule.15. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? (Unit 3) Key BA. James II.B. William of Orange.C. Oliver Cromwell.D. George I.16. Which of the following in NOT related to the Constitution? (Unit 3) Key AA. It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British government today.C. Conventions and laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the constitution.17. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (Unit 3) Key AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the United Kingdom.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.18. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? (Unit 3) Key CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race19. Which group of people cannot vote in the General Election? (Unit 4) Key BA. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.20. By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided? (Unit 4) Key AA. The House of Commons.B. The House of Lords.C. The two major parties.D. The Prime Minister.21. Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaign? (Unit 4) Key AA. Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.B. There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their campaign.C. Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.D. Candidates criticise each other’s policies to show how good their policies are.22. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win theelection? (Unit 4) Key AA. 326B. 351C. 626D. 65023. Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (Unit 4)Key BA. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.B. Class division is only decided by people’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life chances.D. The way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class.24. Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (Unit 4)Key BA. There is now a varied cuisine for people to choose from.B. Class tension has increased.C. New forms of popular music have emerged.D. Different religious beliefs have been practices actively.Unit 5 The UK Economy25. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (Unit 5) Key CA. Britain remained one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.26. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? (Unit 5) Key DA. Beef cattle.B. Dairy cattle.C. Chicken.D. Sheep.27. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (Unit 5) Key AA. In the southeast of England.B. In the northeast of England.C. In the southeast of Scotland.D. In the northeast of Scotland.28. In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? (Unit 5) Key BA. The U.S. and Germany.B. The U.S. and Russia.C. Germany and Russia.D. France and Germany.29. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (Unit 5) Key AA. Imperial Airways.B. British Airways.C. Hawker-Siddeley Corporation.D. The British Aircraft Corporation.30. Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace? (Unit 5) Key AA. The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley A viationB. The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce.C. Hawker-Siddeley A viation and GEC A vionics.D. Hawker-Siddeley A viation and Rolls Royce.III. E xplain the following terms:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I01. Anglo-Saxons (Unit 1)They were two groups of Germanic people who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.02. King Harold (Unit 1)He was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II03. The Provisional IRA (Unit 2)In 1919, a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republic Army) expanded fighting for the Irishfreedom and independence. The Provisional IRA is the radical faction of the IRA. They prefer the use of force and believe that armed force is the only way to get the British out and to have a unified Ireland.04. The Good Friday Agreement (Unit 2)As a result of multi-party negotiation, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April, 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom05. The Bill of Rights of 1689 (Unit 3)In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.06. The functions of Parliament (Unit 3)The functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinise government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.07. The House of Lords (Unit 3)The house of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England, and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.08. The House of Commons (Unit 3)The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Election and should represent the interest of the people who vote for them.Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race09. The importance of general elections (Unit 4)General elections are very important in western democracy. According to Unit 4, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.10. The formation of the British government (Unit 4)Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaign in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public. The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcasts” on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticise the opponents’ policies. Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical.Unit 5 The UK Economy (Unit 5)11. Privatisation in 1980s (Unit 5)The British economy went through a particular bad period in the 1970s, with high rate of inflation and devaluation of the Pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the Conservative party under Margret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatisation was carried out. Many state-owned businesses (such as steel, telecom, gas, and aerospace) were turned into private companies. Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.12. Main sectors of the UK economy (Unit 5)The UK national economy can be divided into three main areas: primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing and mining; secondary industries which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; tertiary (or service) industries such as banking, insurance, tourism and the retailing.。
英语国家概况与答案
英语国家概况与答案第Ⅰ卷（共40 分）I. Choose the correct answer from the options given: （20 points, 1 point each）1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London ?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The sports centre.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain ?A. Economic differences between north and south.B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.3. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street They camefirst _______.A. to maintain traffic order in Northern IrelandB. to protect the Catholic peopleC. to protect the Protestant peopleD. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep socialOrder4. In the early 1970s, the IRA _________.A. killed many Protestants and CatholicsB. burned down the houses of Catholics’C. murdered individuals at randomD. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces astheir main target5. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with“direct-rule” from London ?A. The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.6. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election ?A. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The major parties.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.7. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order towin the election ?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 3518. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979 ?A. The Conservative government.B. The Liberal government.C. The Labour government.D. The radical government.9. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer ?A. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. The Ulster Cycle.D. Morte D’Arthur.10. Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great trio ?A. Ben Johnson.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Christopher Marlowe.11. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist ?A. D.H. Lawrence.B. Charles Dickens.C. Robert L. Stevenson.D. Walter Scott.12. Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter ?A. Rabbits.B. Haggis.C. Chicks.D. Eggs.13. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night ?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.14. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot ?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.15. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration ?A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B. Public housing became more important.C. Many public houses were sold to the people.D. The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangements.16. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true ?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by pe ople’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.17. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is anexception ?A. They supply people with news, keeping them informedabout what is happening inthe world.B. They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C. They promote culture and education.D. They provide entertainment.18. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentarydemocracy because _________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people about current affairs in the worldC. it provides people with subjective reportsD. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament19. The state that had the first British settlement is __________.A. QueenslandB. New south WalesC. Western AustraliaD. Victoria20. The federal government and the state governments are formed by ________.A. the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB. the party that has the most votesC. the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD. the party that has the majority of the SenateII. True or false: (20 points, 1 point each) (A = T; B = F)21. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.22. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was builtby King Harold.23. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.24. British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.25. British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutionalmonarchy.26. Britain has no written form of Constitution.27. In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.28. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.29. The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer andproducing less than it was in 1945.30. In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes.31. Attending the Grand National was an activity in Shakespeare's time.32. Football was invented by Scottish people.33. In Britain people can go to the open university without having any formaleducational qualifications.34. The University of Edinburgh is a privately funded university in Britain.35. The main government department such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office alsoinvolves in making Britain's foreign policy.36. According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government'sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of itselectorate.37. Australia is the world’s smallest continent a nd largest island.38. Green and gold became the national colors formally in 1984.39. The famous thermal region is on the North Island.40. In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to receive complaints from Maoripeople and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers.英语国家概况（1）试题答案第一卷I. Choose the best answer: (20 分，每小题1 分)1. (A)2. (D)3. (C)4. (D)5. (B)6. (A)7. (B)8. (B)9. (C) 10. (A)11.(A) 12.(C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (B)20.(A)II. True or false: （20 分，每小题1 分）21.(B) 22.(B) 23.(A) 24.(B) 25.(A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B)30. (A)31.(B) 32.(B) 33.(A) 34.(B) 35.(A) 36. (A) 37.(A) 38. (A) 39.(A) 40. (A)第二卷I. Fill in the blanks: （22 分，每空2 分）1. (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2. (overrule the parliament)3. (Prime Minister)4. (The National Health Service)5. (Football Association Cup)6. (Guy Fawkes Night)7. (the UN Security Council)8. (Reading news papers, listening to radio)9. (God Save the Queen)10. (the House of Representatives)11. (New Zealanders having European ancestry)II. Answer the following questions: （18 分，每题2 分）1. The Normans under William of Normandy conquered England.2. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.3. They are Conservative party, Labor party and the Liberal Democrats.4. They are primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.5. Because they hope their children can receive better education so that they can get intobetter universities or find a better job.6. It is influenced by its imperial history, its geopolitical traits and its relationship with theUS.7. It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation.8. Because Britain needed new places to transform its criminals.9. They are Britain and other European countries and the US..III. Explain the following in English: (20 分，每小题4 分)1. They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5thcentury. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders ofEngland.2. It’s a statement put forward by an MP for the House of Commons to vote on saying that “This house no longer has confidence in the Government”. If the government loses a “vote of no confidence” it is forced to res ign and call a general election.3. The Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the19th century. The spirit of Romanism places emphasis on nature, originality, theemotional and personal. The great poets then are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth.4. Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Suchschools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education.5. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of mostly offormer British colonies. It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sortof support network.。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪个国家？A. 美国B. 澳大利亚C. 法国D. 英国答案：C2. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都是渥太华？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B3. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国旗是米字旗？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C4. 英语国家中，哪个国家被称为“枫叶之国”？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的人口数量最多？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是英联邦成员国？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C8. 英语国家中，哪个国家的货币单位是美元？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国歌是《天佑女王》？B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界面积第二大的国家？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国2. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鸸鹋。
答案：澳大利亚3. 英语国家中，______的国石是钻石。
答案：加拿大4. 英语国家中，______的国树是橡树。
答案：美国5. 英语国家中，______的国花是枫叶。
答案：加拿大6. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国7. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鹰。
答案：美国8. 英语国家中，______的国石是蓝宝石。
答案：英国9. 英语国家中，______的国树是雪松。
答案：澳大利亚10. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英语国家中，美国的文化特点。
英语国家概况课后习题答案解析(完整版)
A. NormanB・ DutchC・ GermanD・ Danish
9.Samuel Johnson* s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form
32. In, the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a
welfare state・ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.
A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th
20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the
beginning of thecentury・
A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th
27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law・
A・ WalesB・EnglandC・ ScotlandD・ NorthernIreland
28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on asystem・
D・ a belief in individualism
30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it・
英语国家概况试题和答案1
英语国家概况试题和答案1I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefull y. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement s or answers the question.1. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s w as based on the theory of ____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. In the 1970s Britain maintained the _____ growth rate and the _____inflation通货膨胀rate among the developed countries.A. lowest/lowestB. highest/highestC.lowest/highestD. highest/lowest3. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced _______.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression4. In Britain service industries account for about ____ of its gross domestic product (GDP).国内⽣产总值A. one-thirdB. two-thirdsC. three-fifthsD. four-fifths5. The following are the reasons why British coal mining is tod ay called a "sick" industry except _____.A.Britain has used up almost all coal deposits 存款，定⾦B. the demand for British coal has declinedC. petroleum, water power, and electric power are replacing coal formany purposesD. the old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult t osue machines fro mining.6. Which of the following is not true of British iron and stee l industry?A. Britain's steel industry is declining.B. No more new discoveries of iron ore have been found in Britai n.C. Supplies of iron ore are now mostly foreign.D. Compared with newer plants in the world, Britain's steelworks arenot efficient.7. Rolls-Royce劳斯莱斯is world famous for _____.A. machine toolsB. household appliancesC.luxury automobiles 昂贵的汽车D. high-quality knives and hand tools8. Why is it that Britain today imports more clothing than i t exports?A. British clothing is of poor quality.B. Britain does not grow cotton.C.Many countries with lower costs can produce clothing more cheapl ythan the British can.D. Britain has a highly developed transportation system.9. The area between _____ and ______ is now often referred t o as the"Silicon Glen". 硅⾕A. London/South WalesB. the Oxford/the CambridgeC. London/the CambridgeD.Glasgow格拉斯哥/Edinburgh 爱丁堡10. Which of the following is not true of Britain's agricultur e?A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D.Britain's agriculture can produce enough food for its people.11. Which area is called the Garden of England and is famous f or beautiful blossoms in spring?A. The county of Kent肯特英国东南部in southeastern England.B. The county of East Sussex in southern England.C. The county of West Sussex in southern England.D. The county of Essex in eastern England.12. Britain once imported chiefly _____ and exported mostly _____ _.A. manufactured products/raw materialsB.raw materials/manufactured products ⼯业产品C. foods/mineralsD. minerals/foods13. Britain's leading customers and suppliers are France, Germany and _____.A. JapanB. BelgiumC. the NetherlandsD.the United States14. Which of the following is not true of Britain's foreign tra de?A.The value of Britain's exports of goods usually exceeds the valu e ofits imports.B. The value of Britain's imports of goods usually exceeds 超出the value ofits exports.C. Manufactured goods now account for about 85% of British imports a ndabout 80% of its exports.D. Most of the United Kingdom's trade is with other developed countries,especially other members of the European union .15. The European union (EU) is an organization of 15 _____ t hat promotescooperation among its members.A. European countriesB. developed countriesC.Western European countriesD. Southern European countries16. Which of the following is not true of the European unionA.The United States is also a member of the EU.B. The members of the EU cooperate in many areas, including politic sand economics.C. The EU is a major economic unit.D. The combined value of the union 's imports and exports is great erthan that of any single country in the world.17. Headquarters of the European union are in ______.A. Paris, FranceB. London, BritainC. Berlin, GermanyD.Brussels,布鲁塞尔Belgium ⽐利时18. _____ started as a trading post of the Roman Empire about AD 43.A. The City of WestminsterB. The City of LondonC. West End of LondonD. East End of London19. Today, the City of London is the business center of Londo n where _____are located.A. big supermarketsB. theatres and cinemas/doc/5984f473dc3383c4bb4cf7ec4afe04a1b171b095.html rge financial organizationsD. restaurants and cafes20. What is Lloyd'劳合社s?A. It is a famous bank.B. It is a big department store.C. It is a famous insurance company.D. It is a large hotel.1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.C8.C9.D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.CI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions careful ly. For eachunfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement s oranswers the question.1. Traditional farming involved the open field village, a syste m that dated back to the ____century.A. 4thB. 5thC. 6thD. 7th2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The open field system provided a good opportunity to experiment.B. The open field system wasted land.C. The open field system was wasteful of labor and time.D. The open field system made livestock farming difficult.3. Which of the following statements is NOT considered a charact eristic of farming in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?A. Use of artificial fertilizer.B. Introduction of new agricultural machinery.C.The 'Open-field' system.D. A system of crop rotation.4. Land enclosure圈地was a disaster for the ____evicted收回财产from their land by the enclosures.A. landlordsB.tenants 承租⼈C. farmersD. wage laborers5. In Ireland and Scottish Highlands land enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to ____.A. AfricaB. Eastern EuropeC. AsiaD.The New World6. By the early 19th century, Britain had a road network of so me ____miles. 英⾥A. 115,000B. 120,000C. 125,000D. 130,0007. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elect ions before____.A. 1918B. 1920C. 1928D. 19458. In 1836 a group of ____and small shopkeepers formed the Lond on WorkingMen's Association.A. householdersB. tenantsC.skilled workersD. office workers9. The six points of the People's Charter⼈民宪章were achieved gradually over the period of ____, although the sixth has never b een practical. 可实施的A. 1836-1848B. 1842-1848C. 1848-1908D.1858-191810. Parliament passed the Combination Acts联盟⾏动of 1799-1800 t o forbid the formation 形成of ____.A. a new governmentB. societiesC. communesD. union s11. The Labor Party劳动党had its origins in the ____, which wa s formed in January,1893.A.Independent Labor PartyB. Grand National Consolidated Trade unionC. Amalgamated Society of EngineersD. Trade union Congress12. Thanks to the militant feminist movement基⾦⼥权主义运动of the ____led by Mrs. Pankhurst before the First World War, votes were granted to women over 30 in 1918.A. LudditesB. Suffragettes 男⼥平等主义者C. ChartistsD. Levellers13. The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo 萨拉热窝on June 28, ____, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdina nd弗朗茨·费迪南德was assassinated by暗杀 a Serbian nationalist. 塞尔维亚民族主义者A. 1913B.1914C. 1915D. 191614. As a result of the First World War settlement the ____was established in 1920.A.League of Nations国际联盟B. British CommonwealthC. British East India CompanyD. United Nations15. After World War I political unrest 不安in Britain led to __ __generalelections ⼤选in just over 5 years.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. The Blitz闪电战radically根本上changed the face of London fo r the first time since ____nearly 3 centuries earlier.A. the Black DeathB. the Great FireC. the Civil WarD. the Great Plague17. The foundations of ____was laid in the late 1940s, providing free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old, th e sick and theunemployed.A. the welfare state 福利国家B. the National Health ServiceC. the compulsory educationD. the Women's Liberation Movement18. In the 1960s Pop music underwent a revolution when the Beat les becameworld famous and turned their hometown of ____into a place of pilgri mage. 圣地A. ManchesterB. BlackpoolC.Liverpool利物浦D. Sheffield19. The 1970s saw the growth of ___in Wales and Scotland.A. liberalismB. MarxismC. chauvinismD. nationalism20. Margaret Thatcher玛格丽特·撒切尔believed in the following exce pt____.A. self-relianceB.the strengthening of trade union s 公会C. privatizationD. the use of monetary policies to control inflation1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D6.C7. A8.C9. D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B1. There are some ____ universities, including the Open Universit y in Britain.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. Some _____ per cent of secondary schools in England are gran t-maintained(GM) self-governing schools.A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 253. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the ____ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th4. Over ____ science parks have been set up by higher educatio n institutions in conjunction with industrial scientists and technologists.A. 10B. 20C. 30D. 405. With about _____ daily and Sunday newspapers published nationw ide, the British public reads more newspapers than virtually any other countr y inthe world.A. 110B. 120C. 130D. 1406. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwid e, using English and ____ other languages.A. 37B. 38C. 39D. 407. In summer there are open-air theatres, including one in Londo n's Regent's Park, where ____ are performed, and the Minack Theatre, which is a n open cliffside near Land's End in Cornwall.A. William Shakespeare's playsB. Christopher Marlowe's playsC. Ben Johnson's playsD. George Bernard Shaw's plays8. Pantomime is a kind of play based on a traditional fairy ta le and per-formed ____.A. at EasterB. on New Year's DayC. on St. Patrick's DayD. at Christmas time9. Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama takes place for aperiod of 3 to 4 weeks between ____ when Edinburgh becomes a cente r of cultural activity.A. July and AugustB. August and SeptemberC. September and OctoberD. October and November10. In ____ each year the National Film Theatre hosts the Londo n Film Fes-tival, at which some 250 new films from all over the world are scr eened.A. SeptemberB. OctoberC. NovemberD. December1. C2. B3. A4. D5. C6. B7. A8. D9. B 10. C1. The National Health Service was established in the United Kingdo m in _____.A. 1946B. 19472. Prescription charges do not apply to the following people exc ept ____.A. self-employed peopleB. child under 16C. war and armed forces disablement pensionersD. women aged 60 and over and men aged 65 and over3. NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades, as a result ofwhich many ______ people have been turning to private medical healt h care.A. working classB. elderlyC. educatedD. better-off4. Britain ahs about ______ million adults with one or more dis abilities, of whom around 7 percent live in communal establishments.A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 75. Most pregnant working women receive their statutory maternity pay directlyfrom their employer for a maximum of _____ weeks.A. 17B. 18C. 19D. 206. The Church of England is not free to change its form of wo rship, as laid down in _____ without the consent of Parliament.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Provisions of OxfordC. the Constitutions of ClarendonD. the Book of Common Prayer7. The position of the Church of Scotland was defined in the T reaty of union , 1707, and further safeguarded by the Church of Scotland Act, _____ _.C. 1923D. 19248. The Salvation Army is served by 1,800 officers (ordained mini sters) andruns more than _____ worship centers.A. 500B. 1,000C. 1,500D. 2,0009. At Christmas, the home is decorated with the following excep t _____.A. colorful paper chainsB. leaves of holly and mistletoeC. a young fir-treeD. firecrackers10. Easter is traditionally associated with the following except ____.A. the resurrection of ChristB. the eating of Easter eggsC. the custom of giving presentsD. the coming of spring1. C2. A3. D4. C5. B6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. CI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For ea chunfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements oranswers the question.1. The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A. CeltsC. Beaker FolkD. Romans2. The Celts' religion was ____.A. BuddhismB. IslamC. DruidismD. Christianity3. Roman control was only effective in ____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. LondonD. The southeast of Britain4. Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A. RomansB. CeltsC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes5. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in ____.A. 306 ADB. 410 ADC. 446 ADD. 1066 AD6. Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A. The Angles.B. The Saxons.C. The Gaels.D. The Jutes.7. ____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume thatstyle.A. OffaB. EgbertC. VortigernD. Hengist8. ____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.B. EthelbertC. St. AugustineD. Egbert9. The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____century.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9thD.10th10. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it moreefficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D. Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B. Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against theNormans.C. Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D. Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him asoverlord.13. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B. Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C. Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law,Earl Godwin.D. Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop ofCanterbury.14. When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king OfA. the king of NorwayB. Harold Godwinson, Earl of WessexC. Edgar, Edward's nephewD. Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria15. Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover his lost earldom of Northumbria.A. Harold Hardrada, King of Norway。
英语国家概况(1)(2)100问及答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferociou s Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace o r row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 法国答案：D2. 英语起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 德国C. 丹麦D. 英格兰答案：D3. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家？A. 加拿大B. 新西兰C. 爱尔兰D. 巴西答案：D4. 英语国家的人口总数大约是多少？A. 1亿B. 3亿C. 5亿D. 10亿答案：C5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的官方语言除了英语还有法语？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是君主立宪制？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联邦制？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B8. 英语国家中，哪个国家有“长白云之乡”的美誉？A. 美国B. 英国C. 新西兰D. 澳大利亚答案：C9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都不是以英语命名的？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚答案：A10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界最大的钻石生产国？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 博茨瓦纳答案：D（虽然博茨瓦纳不是英语国家，但此题考察的是钻石生产国）二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）的官方语言除了英语还有法语。
2. 英语起源于______（英格兰）。
3. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）被称为“骑在羊背上的国家”。
4. 英语国家中，______（新西兰）被称为“长白云之乡”。
5. 英语国家中，______（美国）是世界最大的经济体。
6. 英语国家中，______（英国）拥有世界上最古老的君主制。
7. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）是世界上面积第二大的国家。
8. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）是世界上唯一一个占据整个大陆的国家。
9. 英语国家中，______（美国）的首都华盛顿特区是以美国第一任总统的名字命名的。
英语国家概况答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate this holiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocio us Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent ofthe UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. NorthernIreland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his governmentminister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.。
(完整版)英语国家概况课程习题(附答案)
英语国家概况课程习题英语国家概况（1）模拟试题1I. Fill in the blanks:1.Britain consists of _4___ nations, including England,_Scotland____,_Wales______ and Northern Ireland______.2.The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in __5th______ century.3.The capital of Britain is ___London___ which has great influence on the UK inall fields including______government_, _finance______and __culture_____ 4.The capital of Scotland is _Edinburgh_____, which is well-known for itsnatural5._Egbert______, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth 11, united Englandunder his rule in 829.6.In Britain, the official head of state is the Queen_______ while the real centre ofpolitical life is in the House of Commoms______7.The British Constitution consists of _statute law______, __common law_____,and ___conventions____.8.The most important function of the Parliament is to ___pass laws____._______,9.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen _______, theHouse of Lords_______and the House of Commons_______.10.Life peers should be nominated by _the Prime Minister______ and appointedby _the sovereign______.11.The UK is divided into __651_____ constituencies with each of themrepresented by a member in _the parliment________12.The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms _thegoverment______and its party leader becomes _prime minister________13.Normally, a government can be in power for __5_____ years, and then it has toresign and hold a general election.14.There are three major parties in the UK: _the Conservative__Party____ theLiberal ANDDemocratic party_______ and the LabourParty_______.15.From 1979 to 1997, ___the _Conservatuve Party___ won 4 consecutiveelections and was in power for quite a long time.16.The two oldest universities in Britain are__Cambridge_____ and _Oxford______.17.Australia, as the World's _SMALLEST______ continent and .largest_______island, has a population which is__small_____ in relation to its size.18.Geologically, Australia can be divided into three parts: _the Easternhighlands______ , which is also know as the_Great DividingRange______ , and which runs almost parallel to the eastern coast from northern Queens land to southern Tasmania; the Central Eaetern lowlands_______, which extends from the Gulf of Carpentries in the north to _Eastern SouthArstralia______ and the western Victorian coast; and the Great Western Plateau, which covers most of Western Australia_______, much of the Northern Territory_______ and South Australia, and part of __Western Queenlands_____.19.New Zealand is in the ____south-west Pacific___ Ocean. ___Australia____ is itsnearest neighbour. The __North Island_____ and the __South Island_____ are its two main land masses. They are separated by __Cook Strait_____20.The Head of State of New Zealand is _Queen Elizabeth 2______. She isrepresented in New Zealand by a __Covernor-General_____ whose most important task is to call upon the leader of the _majority_party_____ to form a government after an election.21.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of _1492_______22.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today'sVirginia_______ in the year of ___1607____23. A federal system is one in which _power______ is shared between __a centralauthority_____and its constituent parts _______with some rights reserved to each.24.The U.S. federal government consists of the following three branches: theexecutive_______, __the legislative_____ and __the judiciary_____25.The Congress is divided into the House of representatives_______ with_435______ members who serve two-year terms, _the senate_______ with_100_ lawmakers who serve six-year terms.26.Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are knownas __lobbies_____27.The Supreme Court is composed of _one______ chief justice and 8~ associatejustices.28."WASP, stands for _White Anglo Saxon__Protesant____.29.In area, Canada is the _second_______ country on earth.30.Canada consists of ___10_______ provinces and ____3____territories.第一卷选择题答案BDACA BBCDD ACBCB ADACA BAABA DCCBC BBDAD BCDCC BDABB D。
国概(1)
英语国家概况试题（1）Ⅰ.Multiple choice (40%)1.The Lake District, which is well-known for its beautiful scenery, is located in the _______.A. South of ScotlandB. Northwest of EnglandC. North of WalesD. East of England2.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War Ⅱ.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and _______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan3.As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of _______ in England.A. grainB. farm toolsC. housesD. labour4.The first steam engine was devised by _______ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design.A. Robert BakewellB. Thomas NewcomenC. Jethro TullD. Thomas Coke5.The British Prime Minister's official residence is No.10 _______ Street in Landon.A. DowningB. OxfordC. RegentD. New Bond6.In the United Kingdom, each member of Parliament represents a _______ , and holds his seat during the life of a parliament.A. constituencyB. shireC. boroughD. county7.The British constitution is made up of the following laws except _______.A. statute lawB. common lawC. commonwealth lawD. European Community law8.Under Margaret Thatcher Britain adopted an economic policy of _______.A. prices and incomes controlB. state interventionC. high consumption and low investmentD. privatization, deregulation and market liberalization9.The 1970s saw the growth of _______ in Wales and Scotland.A. MarxismB. liberalismC. nationalismD. chauvinism10.Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the _______ of Christ, and is the great est of Christian festivals.A. birthB. dreathC. CrucifixionD. Resurrection11.Shakespeare was born at _______ in Warwickshire, England, in 1564.A. Stoke-on-TrentB. Stratford-upon-AvonC. Berwick-upon-TweedD. Bradford-on-Avon12.The most important _______ magazines in Britain are The Economist, New Statesman an and Society, and Spectator.A. weeklyB. fortnightlyC. monthlyD. quarterly13._______ are also known as the Continental Divide.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains14.New Englanders were originally known as _______.A. YankeesB. English PuritansC. German farmersD. Fishermen from Scandinavia15.The first English colony was founded at _______.A. PlymouthB. the Massachusetts BayC. JamestownD. New York16.The United States is the world's biggest producer of _______.A. cottonB. riceC. tobaccoD. milk17.In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _______.A. only onceB. on two occasionsC. for three timesD. for four times18.The important decision made at the Second Continental Congress was_______.A. the establishment of a continental army under the command of George WashingtonB. the adoption of the ConstitutionC. an appeal to the British kingD. A and B19.The United States has, in its history, _______.A. one constitutionB. two constitutionsC. three constitutionsD. one constitution with many amendments20.The political theory underlining the Declaration of Independence came from _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. British philosopher John LockeD. American philosopher John Locke21.In the United States, the Muckrakers at the turn of the 20th century referred to a group of _______.A. reform-minded middle-class peopleB. journalists who exposed the dark sides of the societyC. upper-class professionalsD. progressive women22.Which of the following statements is true concerning the district court in the U.S.?A. Each state has a district court.B. There is a district court for each state plus one for District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico.C. There are altogether 89 district courts.D. There are altogether 91 district courts.23.The“new basics” in the report“A Nation At Risk” issued in the U.S.refer to _______.A. English and mathematicsB. science and social studiesC. computerD. all of the above24.Specialized institutions in the U.S.offer _______.A. degrees up to the doctorateB. only BA degreesC. BA and MA degreesD. no degrees25.Mount Kosciusko, the highest point in Australia, is located in _______.A. the Blue MountainsB. the Australian AlpsC. the Snowy MountainsD. Ayers Rock26.Australia's most famous national park, which used to be known as Ayers Rock, is now called _______ in theAboriginal language.A. UluruB. YolnguC. AnanguD. Nungga27.During World War Ⅰ, a special corps of Australian and New Zealand troops called _______ won a reputation for outstanding bravery.A. AnzacsB. AnzusC. AsusD. Aussies28.The Australian Constitution deals with the following except _______.A. the composition of the Australian federal governmentB. the powers of the federal governmentC. the relationship between the federal government and the governments of the StatesD. the powers of the Prime Minister29.In the Australian Federal Parliament _______ often form a coalition in opposition to _______.A. the Labor Party and the National party/the Liberal PartyB. the Liberal Party and the Labor party/the National PartyC. the Liberal Party and the National party/the Labor PartyD. the Conservative Party and the Democrats/the Labor Party30.In 1988, Australia celebrated its _______ anniversary of the founding of the first white settlement there.A. 100thB. 150thC. 200thD. 250th31.The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and_______.A. the Great lakesB. the wrenceC. the Hudson RiverD. the Saskatchewan River32.From 1896 to 1911, Canada was ruled by _______ under Sir Wilfred Laurier.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Conservative PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Democratic Party33.Canada ranks _______ in the world in the production of electricity form water power.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth34.Canadian Federal Government was assigned powers in all of the following areas except _______.A. defenseB. customs and border controlC. currency and coinageD. education35.What is the law-making assembly called in Canada's Quebec?A. Legislative Assembly.B. National Assembly.C. House of Assembly.D. House of Legislation.36.Which of the following best describes the result of Canadian government’s long -held policy of assimilation?A. It won a popular support across the country.B. It proved to be a great success.C. It failed in achieving the desired effect.D. It brought disastrous effect to the Canadian society.37.The creation of Northern Ireland dates from _______ when the Irish Free State was set up.A. 1916B. 1921C. 1937D. 199438.Throughout most of its history, _______ was a major problem that plagued Ireland.A. emigrationB. population distributionC. ethnic conflictD. birth control39.A New Zealander of European descent is known as a _______.A. PakehaB. KiwiC. PukekoD. Maori40.In New Zealand, the seasons are opposite those of the Northern Hemisphere because it lies _______.A. south of the equatorB. north of the equatorC. east of the equatorD. west of the equatorPART TWOⅡ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points, 3 points for each)41. Which area in Britain is called the “Silicon Glen”?42. Which sport is the most typically English?43. What was Puritanism noted for?44. What is Hawaii's most important industry?45. How serious was child labor when the Progressive Movement demanded the banning of it?46. Who was Bob Dylan?47. When and where did Australia's Eureka Stockade take place?48. What were Canada's early industries?49. What is the head of government in Ireland called?50. What caused the land disputes between the Maoris and the settlers in New Zealand?Ⅲ.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)51. The National Health Service52. Black Thursday of 192953. The Flying Doctors54. The Quebec Act of 1774Ⅳ.Write between 100-120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)55. Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?Printed By Jancy YinFriday, March 11, 2011。
《英语国家概况(1)》英语国家社会与文化入门第一次形考部分答案
一、单项选择7 、Which of the following description about the Conservative party is Not true?（难度系数：2.00）A、It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B、It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.C、It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D、It is known as a party of high taxation levels.参考答案：D5 、Which of the following is Not true about life peers?（难度系数：2.00）A、They are not from the aristocratic families.B、They cannot sit in the House of Lords.C、They earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.D、The titles cannot be inherited by their children.参考答案：B6 、Which of the following statements is Not true about class system in the UK?（难度系数：2.00）A、People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.B、Class division is only decided by people's income.C、Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life chances.D、The way people speak may indentify them as belonging to a particular class.参考答案：B8 、Which of the following is Not included in Household Energy Management Strategy?（难度系数：2.00）A、Every household will have installed loft and cavity insulation where it's practical to do so by 2015.B、7 million homes will have received more substantial eco-upgrades by 2020.C、Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable energy resources.D、29% of carbon emission will have been reduced from the household sector by 2020.参考答案：C3 、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?（难度系数：1.00）A、In the southeast of England.B、In the northeast of England.C、In the southeast of Scotland.D、In the northeast of Scotlａnd.参考答案：A2 、Which of the following is Not a company in the energy sector?（难度系数：1.00）A、ShellB、ICIC、RTZD、British Gas参考答案：B4 、What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?（难度系数：1.00）A、He invented the first jet plane.B、He developed the first jet engine.C、He made the first powered flight.D、He made the trans-Atlantic flight.参考答案：B1 、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?（难度系数：1.00）A、GermanyB、JapanC、BritainD、France参考答案：C二、判断8 、The amount spengt in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B12 、Liberal Democratic party is the newest of the major national parties.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B10 、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A9 、One of the distinctive features about the British class-system is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A11 、The immigrants have problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B7 、On March 2nd, 2010, the British government published its Household Energy Management Strategy.（难度系数：2.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A6 、Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B3 、In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rates if inflation, Britain went through a bad period.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A1 、The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher stargted a series of reforms.An extensive programme of privatisation was carried out, and she was successful in an all-round way.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B5 、Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：B4 、A low rate of domestic industrial investment coupled with a very high rate of overseas investment is a characteristic of the UK economy.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A2 、In recent years, Britain is second only to the U.S. as a destination for international drect investment.（难度系数：1.00）A、正确B、错误C、参考答案：A。
英语国家概况复习资料及答案
英语国家概况复习资料及答案《英语国家概况》复习资料及答案1.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by___.A.King ArthurB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror2.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B.It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of Constitution.3.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.William of OrangeB. James ⅡC. Oliver CromwellD. GeorgeⅠ4. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?A. Beef cattle.B. Dairy cattleC. Chicken.D. Sheep.5. Which group of people cannot vote in the general election?A. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.6. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because ___________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people of current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.7．Of Which people is Robert Burns a national poet?A. The Welsh peopleB. The Irish peopleC. The Scottish peopleD. The English people8．. It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by __________A. the VikingsB. the NormansC. Brian BuruD. Saint Patrick9. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland because _________.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in BritainC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them10. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester⼆．填空1. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to overrule___________ in the English Revolution.2. The _________IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for_______.3. It’s hard to make talks successful between the British and Irish governments without the participation of__________and____________.4. The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms _________and its party leader becomes __________-.5. Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced ________ decline rather than _______ decline.6. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: ________industries, secondary industries and________industries.7. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories .They are _________ , _________and history plays.8. Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel ________and __________which are largely the love stories of a woman for a man.9. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called __________.10. Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on ___________, which is the day after Christmas.三．问答1. Who introduced Christianity into Ireland?2. What’s the full name of the UK?3. What is the major function of the Parliament?4. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?5. Which party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quiet a long time from 1979 to 1997?6. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare.7. Which is one of the largest government departments that deal with education?四．名词解释the quality paperLondonthe Celtsthe Anglo-SaxonsD A A D B A B D A C1. the parliament2. official election3. Sinn Fein IRA4.the government the Prime Minister5. relative absolute6. primary tertiary7. tragedies comedies8. Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights 9. the Royal Escort10. Boxing Day1.He was St. Patrick.2.It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.It is to pass laws.4.It needs at least 326.5.It was the Conservative party.6.They are Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet7.It is the Ministry of Education.名词解释见课本。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语是以下哪个国家的官方语言？A. 中国B. 法国C. 美国D. 巴西答案：C2. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 柏林D. 罗马答案：A3. 英语国家中，哪个国家是英联邦的创始成员？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B4. 英语中“Thank you”的意思是：A. 不客气B. 你好C. 谢谢D. 对不起答案：C5. 英语中“Good morning”通常用于：A. 晚上B. 早上C. 中午D. 下午答案：B6. 英语国家中，哪个国家以英语为第二语言？A. 印度B. 中国C. 法国D. 德国答案：A7. 英语中“Please”的意思是：A. 谢谢B. 请C. 对不起D. 再见答案：B8. 英语国家中，哪个国家位于南半球？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 英国答案：C9. 英语中“Excuse me”通常用于：A. 问路B. 打招呼C. 道歉D. 道别答案：A10. 英语国家中，哪个国家以英语为母语？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 所有选项答案：D二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. 英语国家中，_______（美国）是最大的英语使用国。
2. 英语是_______（联合国）的工作语言之一。
3. 英语国家中，_______（英国）是英语的发源地。
4. 英语国家中，_______（加拿大）的官方语言包括英语和法语。
5. 英语中，表示“再见”的常用语是_______（Goodbye）。
6. 英语国家中，_______（澳大利亚）的首都是堪培拉。
7. 英语国家中，_______（新西兰）位于太平洋地区。
8. 英语中，表示“不用谢”的常用语是_______（You're welcome）。
9. 英语国家中，_______（南非）是非洲唯一以英语为官方语言的国家。
10. 英语中，表示“请稍等”的常用语是_______（Just a moment）。
英语国家概况课后习题答案解析（完整版）
英语国家概况课后习题答案解析（完整版）一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of overmillion.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard formof .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effortto .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power overthe church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperialdominance by thebeginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between threeof the following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD.multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in thecountry.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growthsince the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the“Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popularamong 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Decl aration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54. is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms ofNeo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56. is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico tothe south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT arelocated .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66. is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and LakeOntario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the UnitedStates, particularly from .。
(完整版)英语国家概况答案
英语作业答案Unit 1Ⅰ。
Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False。
1。
The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England， Scotlandand Wales。
（T）英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士.2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. （F) British3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language。
(F)4。
In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. （F）英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales。
(T) The River Severn：赛文河6。
Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. （T)Ⅱ。
Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements。
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语国家概况》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语国家概况》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】What is Ireland called in Irish?A.IreaB.AireC.EareD.Eire2.【单选题】The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectively by ________.A.Eisenhower and KennedyB.Johnson and NixonC.Johnson and KennedyD.Kennedy and Johnson3.【单选题】Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred to in English as ________.A.teh DreamlandB.the DreamingC.the Beginning of the WorldD.the Beginning of the Universe4.【单选题】In “ Song of Myself ” , Whitman writes that ________.A.woman is not worth mentioningB.woman is not as great as manC.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatestD.none of the above5.【单选题】Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingD.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking6.【单选题】Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, has become rich through ________.A.manufacturing industriesB.farming and miningC.service industriesD.forestry and fishing7.【单选题】Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the Seven Years' War?A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.B.Because they did not get support from the local people.C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.8.【单选题】Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?A.Brition has used up almost all coal depositsB.The demand for British coal has declined.C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines9.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturing today?A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industryD.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.10.【单选题】The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.A.friendship and happinessB.peace and plentyC.cooperation and rich rewardD.love and happiness11.【单选题】In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.rgestB.second largestC.third largestD.fourth largest12.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about the political system of New Zealand?A.New Zealand has a written constitution.B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.13.【单选题】The three Puritan traditions are ________.A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningB.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learningC.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningD.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement14.【单选题】Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great that they were worthy of the term “ ________ ”.A.reformB.evolutionC.revolutionD.reformation15.【单选题】For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, each of whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.A.one memberB.two membersC.three membersD.four members16.【单选题】The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from “ ________ ”.A.The Bill of RightsB.The Agreement of the PeopleC.The People's CharterD.The Great Charter17.【单选题】Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of ________ in 1918.A.18B.20C.30D.3518.【单选题】In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ________.A.the Lord ChancellorB.the Prime MinisterC.the SpeakerD.the Parliamentary Commissioner19.【单选题】The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of IndependenceB.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--FederalistsC.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slaveryD.none of the above20.【单选题】The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.A.Alaska and Rhode IslandB.Texas and MaineC.Texas and Rhode IslandD.Alaska and Maine第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vital role in the history of the United States.A.“ Old Man River ”B. “ Moon River ”C.“ Old Father River ”D.“ Mother of the United States ”2.【单选题】In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic for Britain.A.the English ChannelB.the Irish SeaC.St. George's ChannelD.the North Sea3.【单选题】A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the South and the Weast of the United States is ________.A.the flow of people to sunbelt areaB.the flow of peole from small cities to big citiesC.the growth of small townsD.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs4.【单选题】The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992 overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.A.“ land belonging to no one ”B.“ land unknown to everyone ”C. “ Wonderland ”D. “ Dreamtime ”5.【单选题】A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it often has________.A.floodsB.volcanic eruptionsC.earthquakesD.droughts6.【单选题】In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ became world famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. A.teh Beach BoysB.the Rolling StoneC.the AnimalsD.the Beatles7.8.【单选题】What are Ireland's chief exports?A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.9.【单选题】In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the production of ________.A.coalB.electricityC.oilD.wheat10.【单选题】The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears this nickname todayA.the Labour PartyB.the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal PartyD.the Social Democratic Party11.【单选题】During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become a republic with ________.A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of stateB.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of governmentC.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of stateD.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government12.【单选题】The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.A.higher than the national averageB.lower than the national averageC.about the same with the national averageD.none of the above13.【单选题】Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________,recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.A.assimilationB.integrationC.multiculturalismD.gender equality14.【单选题】Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.A.the South Pacific OceanB.the Atlantic OceanC.the North SeaD.the Arctic15.【单选题】In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.A.the Liberal PartyB.the Progressive Conservative PartyC.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative PartyD.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party16.【单选题】The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.A.research and teachingB.teaching and degree awardingC.professional training, teaching and public serviceD.teaching, research and public service第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：D2.正确答案：D3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：C5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：B7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：D10.正确答案：B11.正确答案：B12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：C15.正确答案：A16.正确答案：C17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：B20.正确答案：A第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：D3.正确答案：D4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：D8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：A10.正确答案：B11.正确答案：A12.正确答案：B13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：C16.正确答案：D。
北语23春《英语国家概况(I)》作业1-学习答案
北语23春《英语国家概况（I）》作业1试卷总分:100 得分:100一、单选题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)1.Australia is called＇a country on the sheep back＇ because ________.[第一项A.]it has the best species of sheep in the world[第二项B.]Australians ride on sheep back[第三项C.]Australians eat a lot of mutton[第四项D.]it makes a lot of profit from the sales of wool[正确.选择]：D2.New Zealand’s climate is generally（）and seasonal differences are not so great.[第一项A.]dry and cold[第二项B.]mild and moist[第三项C.]hot and wet[第四项D.]windy and cold[正确.选择]：C3.The sharp increase in the Australian population after W.W.II was partly because__________.[第一项A.]a large postwar immigration program was carried out[第二项B.]the Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders were not included in the census before W.W.II[第三项C.]more British convicts were transported to Australia[第四项D.]Australian soldiers came back from the War[正确.选择]：A4.______is not considered a characteristic of London.[第一项A.]The cultural centre[第二项B.]The business centre[第三项C.]The financial centre[第四项D.]The sports centre[正确.选择]：D5.The modern games of tennis originated in（）in the late 19th century. [第一项A.]Scotland[第二项B.]Ireland[第三项C.]England[第四项D.]Wales[正确.选择]：C6.Which of the following is NOT a neighbouring country of Australia?[第一项A.]Indonesia[第二项B.]Papua New Guinea[第三项C.]Thailand[正确.选择]：C7.Who wrote the long poem Paradise Lost?[第一项A.]Shakespeare[第二项B.]Chaucer[第三项C.]Milton[第四项D.]John Cabot[正确.选择]：C8.Which of the following is NOT true about the British monarchy?[第一项A.]It is the oldest institution of government.[第二项B.]It goes back to at least the 9th century.[第三项C.]It has maintained the continuity over the past thousand years.[第四项D.]It seems that it enjoys no real power today.[正确.选择]：C9.In Britain, thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over（）in 1918.[第一项A.]20 [第二项B.]25[第二项B.]30[第三项C.]35[正确.选择]：C10.The original inhabitants of New Zealand are called___.[第一项A.]Eskimos[第二项B.]Aborigines[第三项C.]Indians[第四项D.]Maoris[正确.选择]：D二、判断题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)11.The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Irelan[第四项D.][第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确12.The Governor-General acts only on the advice of the Executive Council that comprises himself and the Cabinet.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确13.Whistle-blowers are often experts in both senior and lower levels of bureaucracies who, discovering that their branch of the organization is in some way corrupt and inefficient, try to expose this problem.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确14.While the English are largely protestant, the Irish of the Republic largely belong to the Roman Catholic faith.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确15.In the 1950s and 1960s in an Irish family there were 2 or 3 children on average. [第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：错误16.Charles Dickens is one of the most famous of English Modernist writers.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：错误17.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is well-known in the world for its most famous landmark.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：错误18.Ireland had long been dominated by Britain, but Irish desire for an independent Irish state was never lost. In late 19th century, there was a campaign in parliament called “home-rule”- Irish political control of Irish affairs.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确19.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: the official head of state is the Queen.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：正确20.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of two parts: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.[第一项A.]正确[第二项B.]错误[正确.选择]：错误。
英语国家概况复习题及参考答案
《英语国家概况》复习题及参考答案一 Multiple choice ( 30’)( ) 1 As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England. A grain B farm tools C houses D labor ( ) 2 In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim ’s Progress and _________ . A the Jew of Malta B the School of ArcheryC Novum Organum D Paradise Lost( ) 3. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men ’s Association. A householders B tenants C small shopkeepers D office workers ( ) ) 4. 4. 4. In In In the the the Industrial Industrial Industrial Revolution, Revolution, Revolution, changes changes changes occurred occurred occurred earliest earliest earliest and and and quickest quickest quickest in in in the the industry of ______. A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals ( ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike. A a choir B a political party C a trade union D a club ( ) 6 The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________. A People ’s Charter B Magna Carta C King ’s Charter D the Declaration of human rights ( ) 7 Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty. A Malcolm B Plantagenet C Windsor D Tudor ( ) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sports A Cricket B Golf C Tennis D Horse-racing ( ) 9. By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain. A Nanjing, Hong Kong B Tianjing, Hong Kong C Nanjing, Macau D Tianjing, Macau ( ) 10. In _______, the name Great Britain came into being. A 1689 B 1702 C 1701 D 1707 ( ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___. A the farm failure B the bank failures C the stock market crash D the high unemployment ( ) 12． What are the problems that the U.S. economy has faced from time to time? A Inflation B Depressions C Recessions D all of the above ( ) 13．The real American literature began________. A after the war of Independence B after the Westward Movement C after the Civil War D after the Civil Rights Movement ( ) 14. In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ . A coal B electricity C oil D wheat ( ) 15. In the United States, if the parents don ’t send their children to school at certain age, ________ . A the state government will be responsible for it B they will educate the children themselves C they can save a lot of money D they are breaking the law ( ) 16. The U.S. and China established their diplomatic relations in _____. A 1974 B 1972 C 1978 D 1979 ( ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”A Woodrow Wilson B Theodore Roosevelt C Franklin D. Roosevelt D George Washington ( ) 18. One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______. A liberty, debating B aggressiveness, starting wars C mobility, on the move D greediness, making money ( ) 19. Hemingway ’s most famous masterpiece was ______. A The Sun Also Rises B A Farewell to Arms C For Whom the Bell Tolls D Old Man and the Sea ( ) 20. The system of higher education in the U. S. has three principle functions except ____-. A teaching B research C public service D individual service following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to what you have learned. (10(10’’) ( ) ) 1 1 1 There There There are are are three three three political political political divisions divisions divisions on on on the the the island island island of of of Great Great Great Britain: Britain: Britain: Scotland, Scotland, Wales and England. ( ) 2 Under William ’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system. ( ) 3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution. ( ) 4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years. ( ) ) 5 5 5 Christmas Christmas Christmas Day, Day, Day, December December December 25th, 25th, 25th, celebrates celebrates celebrates the the the birth birth birth of of of Christ, Christ, Christ, and and and is is is the the greatest of Christian festivals. ( ) 6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world. ( ) 7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines. ( ) 8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America. ( ) 9. The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War. ( ) 10. Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions. 三 Fill in the following blanks: (10’) 1 In 1066, England was conquered by the _____________ who were led by William the Conqueror. 2 The greatest writer in the English language is ____________________ . 3 In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ________ while sentence is to be passed by the _______________ . 4 4 The The The dominant dominant dominant broadcasting broadcasting broadcasting corporation corporation corporation in in in Britain Britain Britain is is is ____________, ____________, ____________, which which which is is controlled by the state. 5 The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ______________________. 6 The U.S. system of government has two layers of rule. They are the ___________ government and the ______ government. 7. The National Day of the United States is ______. 8 Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the ______________ generation. 四 Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.(30’) 1 What is the official name of Britain? 2 What were the main causes of the Hundred Years ’ War? 3 What are the primary sources of British law? 4 How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians? 5 What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation ”? 6. What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two? 7. 7. What What What are are are the the the three three three periods periods periods as as as far far far as as as the the the evolution evolution evolution the the the British British British economy economy economy since since since the the Second World War is concerned? 8. What kind of economic system does the United States have? 9. Why is education very important to Americans? 10. What does the British Parliament consist of? 五 Explain each of the following terms in English. (10’)1 Thanksgiving Day 2 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 六 Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics.( 10’) 1. What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism? 2. In In what what what sense sense sense was was was the the the War War War of of of 1812 1812 1812 important important important to to to the the the development development development of of of the the the United United States? 参考答案参考答案一 1 DDCCC 6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD 二 1 TFFFT 6 FTTFT 三 1 Norman 2 Shakespeare 3 jury judge 4 BBC 5 Martin Luther King 6 Federal State 7 4, July 8 baby boom 四1 The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain Britain and Nortain and Nortain Ireland. 2 2 Tthe Tthe Tthe main main main causes causes causes of of of the the the Hundred Hundred Hundred Y Y ears’ War War were were were partly partly partly territorial territorial territorial and and and partly partly economic. 3 The primary sources of British law are: (1) Statutes of Parliament; (2) common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community law. 4 The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness. 5 5 The The The “Lost “Lost “Lost Generation Generation Generation refers refers refers to to to those those those who who who are are are both both both physically physically physically and and and spiritually spiritually impotent. 6 6 The The The first first first was was was to to to win win win the the the war; war; war; the the the second second second was was was to to to establish establish establish a a a postwar postwar postwar political political structure structure in in in accord accord accord with with with American American American interests interests interests and and and to to to prevent prevent prevent the the the Soviet Soviet Soviet Union Union Union from from over-expansion. 7 (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s; (2) Economic recession in the 70s; (3) Economic recovery in the 80s. 8 The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. 9. Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success. 10 10 The The The British British British Parliament Parliament Parliament consists consists consists of of of the the the Sovereign, Sovereign, Sovereign, the the the House House House of of of Lords Lords Lords and and and the the House of Commons. 五1 Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is an annual day of thanks for the the blessings blessings blessings people people people have have have enjoyed enjoyed enjoyed during during during the the the year. year. year. The The The theme theme theme of of of thanksgiving thanksgiving thanksgiving has has been peace and plenty, health and happiness. 2 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964. It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 六1：The The election election election of of of 1979 1979 1979 returned returned returned the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party to to to power power power and and and Margaret Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included: (1) the return to private ownership of state-owned industries; (2) the use of monetarist polices to control inflation; (3) the weakening of trade union; (4) the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy; (5) an emphasis on law and order. 2 The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States. （1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government. （2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism. （3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part of the continent. （4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733. 。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个？A. 美国B. 英国C. 法国D. 加拿大2. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家？A. 澳大利亚B. 新西兰C. 印度D. 巴西3. 英语的发源地是：A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 加拿大4. 英语中“Hello”一词的意思是：A. 再见B. 你好C. 谢谢D. 对不起5. 英语国家中，哪个国家有“枫叶国”之称？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚6. 英语国家中，以下哪个国家是君主立宪制？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联邦制国家？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚8. 英语国家中，以下哪个国家是双语国家？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚9. 英语国家中，以下哪个国家是英联邦成员国？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 所有选项10. 英语国家中，以下哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的亚洲国家。
2. 英语国家中，______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的南美国家。
3. 英语国家中，______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的非洲国家。
4. 英语国家中，______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的大洋洲国家。
5. 英语国家中，______是唯一一个以英语为官方语言的欧洲国家。
三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 请简述英语国家中，英国的地理位置及其主要特点。
2. 请简述英语国家中，美国的国家体制及其主要特点。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 论述英语国家中，加拿大的多元文化政策及其对世界的影响。
2. 论述英语国家中，澳大利亚的自然环境和经济发展。
五、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）1. 请将以下英文句子翻译成中文：“English is the most widely spoken second language in the world.”2. 请将以下中文句子翻译成英文：“英语是世界使用最广泛的第二语言。
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《英语国家概况》试卷1及答案I. Choose the correct answer from the options given: （20 points, 1 point each）1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London ?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The sports centre.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain ?A. Economic differences between north and south.B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.3. In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street They camefirst _______.A. to maintain traffic order in Northern IrelandB. to protect the Catholic peopleC. to protect the Protestant peopleD. to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep socialOrder4. In the early 1970s, the IRA _________.A. killed many Protestants and CatholicsB. burned down the houses of Catholics’C. murdered individuals at randomD. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces astheir main target5. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with“direct-rule” from London ?A. The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.6. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election ? A. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The major parties.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.7. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order towin the election ?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 3518. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979 ?A. The Conservative government.B. The Liberal government.C. The Labour government.D. The radical government.9. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer ?A. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. The Ulster Cycle.D. Morte D’Arthur.10. Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great trio ?A. Ben Johnson.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Christopher Marlowe.11. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist ?A. D.H. Lawrence.B. Charles Dickens.C. Robert L. Stevenson.D. Walter Scott.12. Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter ?A. Rabbits.B. Haggis.C. Chicks.D. Eggs.13. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night ?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.14. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot ?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy. 15. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration ?A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B. Public housing became more important.C. Many public houses were sold to the people.D. The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangements.16. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true ?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by peop le’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.17. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is anexception ?A. They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening inthe world.B. They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C. They promote culture and education.D. They provide entertainment.18. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentarydemocracy because _________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people about current affairs in the worldC. it provides people with subjective reportsD. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament19. The state that had the first British settlement is __________.A. QueenslandB. New south WalesC. Western AustraliaD. Victoria20. The federal government and the state governments are formed by ________.A. the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB. the party that has the most votesC. the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD. the party that has the majority of the SenateII. True or false: (20 points, 1 point each) (A = T; B = F)21. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.22. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was builtby King Harold.23. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.24. British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.25. British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutionalmonarchy.26. Britain has no written form of Constitution.27. In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.28. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.29. The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer andproducing less than it was in 1945.30. In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes. 31. Attending the Grand National was an activity in Shakespeare's time.32. Football was invented by Scottish people.33. In Britain people can go to the open university without having any formaleducational qualifications.34. The University of Edinburgh is a privately funded university in Britain.35. The main government department such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office alsoinvolves in making Britain's foreign policy.36. According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government'sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.37. Australia is the world’s smallest continent and largest island.38. Green and gold became the national colors formally in 1984. 39. The famous thermal region is on the North Island.40. In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to receive complaints from Maoripeople and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers.英语国家概况（1）试题答案第一卷I. Choose the best answer: (20 分，每小题 1 分)1. (A)2. (D)3. (C)4. (D)5.(B) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10.(A)11.(A) 12.(C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15.(C) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19.(B) 20. (A)II. True or false: （20 分，每小题1 分）21.(B) 22.(B) 23.(A) 24.(B) 25.(A)26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30.(A)31.(B) 32.(B) 33.(A) 34.(B) 35.(A) 36. (A) 37.(A) 38. (A) 39.(A) 40. (A)第二卷I. Fill in the blanks: （22 分，每空2 分）1. (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2. (overrule the parliament)3. (Prime Minister)4. (The National Health Service)5. (Football Association Cup)6. (Guy Fawkes Night)7. (the UN Security Council)8. (Reading news papers, listening to radio)9. (God Save the Queen)10. (the House of Representatives)11. (New Zealanders having European ancestry)II. Answer the following questions: （18 分，每题2 分）1. The Normans under William of Normandy conquered England.2. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.3. They are Conservative party, Labor party and the Liberal Democrats.4. They are primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.5. Because they hope their children can receive better education so that they can get intobetter universities or find a better job.6. It is influenced by its imperial history, its geopolitical traits and its relationship with theUS.7. It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation.8. Because Britain needed new places to transform its criminals.9. They are Britain and other European countries and the US..III. Explain the following in English: (20 分，每小题4 分)1. They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5thcentury. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders ofEngland.2. It’s a statement put forward by an MP for the House of Commons to vote on saying that “This house no longer has confidence in the Government”. If the government loses a “vote of no confidence” it isforced to resign and call a general election.3. The Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the19th century. The spirit of Romanism places emphasis on nature, originality, theemotional and personal. The great poets then are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth.4. Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Suchschools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education.5. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of mostly offormer British colonies. It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sortof support network.。