欧洲文化入门(阅读)
欧洲文化入门第五章
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646(1646-1716)
Leibniz was a German philosopher, scientist, mathematician, historian and diplomat. He opposed the Cartesian account of matter. He believed that the world was made of simple, active, unconcerned and unextended substances, each from its point of view reflecting the whole universe, and all coordinated in prepreestablished harmony. He and Newton invented independently the Differential and integral calculus.
Two Merits Shared by the Great Scientists of the 17th Century First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses. Second, they all had immense patience in observation. The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking. thinking.
Philosophy, Politics and Literature in England
欧洲文化入门(阅读)期末复习资料
欧洲文化入门（阅读）欧洲文化入门课程期末考试为闭卷考试，考试范围为课本以下章节：古代近东、古希腊、古罗马、中世纪中期、文艺复兴和宗教改革。
考试题型为单选题和判断正误题，题库为各章后的练习选择题1、Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.C.the mysterious outer space2、The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin3、Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year TrojanWar. C.was a Greek hero who4、In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___. A.served as sources ofinspiration for artistic creation5、According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation ofall things. D.Chaos6、Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals7、No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipusfor __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother8、According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea ofDaoism in China. A.something can be produced from nothing9、The original language of the New Testament was used ___. D.in homesand marketplaces10、The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostlesfor ___. D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes11、1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England12、Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused__. B.the shortage of food supply13、In the 13th century, many schools _. A.were organized intouniversities14、In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety15、___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages. B.Those who didnot believe in Christianity16、Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainlyused in mainland Greece? A.Doric17、The Council of Constance marked B.the end of the Western Schism.18、Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true? D.The emperorof Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.19、Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.C.welcomed into theRoman Empire to defend the Romans20、Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East?A.PtolemaicKingdom21、Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had incommon? B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.22、Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art? B.Middle Renaissance23、1066 marked the__B.Norman Conquest of England24、For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.C.the originalme aning of Qur’an would be distorted.25、The Late Middle Ages were marked by the following features, EXCEPT? C.Rivalrybetween feudal governments led to wars, the most violent being the Hundred Years’ War fought between Germany and Italy.26、Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true? D.Fewvillages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.27、The second founding father of Christianity was _____.B.St. Paul28、Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance? A.Giovanni Boccaccio29、Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory? D.Francis Bacon30、Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true? D.They had not lost theirhold on power.31、What event marked the climax of Charlemagne’s career and the formation of westernEuropean civilization? D.Charlemagne was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope.32、The first city- builders in Italy were ________.C.the Etruscans33、All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.B.dictator34、Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500? C.Cleisthenes35、In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won asmashing victory in the battle of ____.B.Marathon36、Which of the following statements about the third Crusade is NOT true? D.Richardstayed longer, and took Jerusalem.37、The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.C.Hebrew38、Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.C.territorialexpansion of Rome39、Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect? D.Its commercial, culturaland intellectual centre was Athens.40、Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect? C.In ancient Greece, themain religious ceremony took place inside the temple.41、In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided overthe following issues EXCEPT for ______.D.baptism42、Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.B.Both wereidealistic in world view.43、Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?B.It is thesame with modern democracy.44、What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe? C.themilitary protection provided by the lord45、Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true? D.It was when the nobles becamea major force in politics.46、Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true? A.On the way tothe Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfit47、Which one is NOT the reason that Justinian is considered the first great Byzantineemperor? C.He declared himself to be God’s representative on earth.48、Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?B.Pre-IslamicArabs showed no interest in sea trade.49、Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist inancient Greece? D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.50、During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following livingcreatures, EXCEPT C.snakes51、Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great? B.He madeChristianity the state religion.52、The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.C.violence53、The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____. C.refusingto accept religious teaching or read religious works.54、Which description of Petrarch is wrong? C.He valued his Italian writings more than hisLatin writings.55、Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art? D.Raphael56、Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians? B.They accepted theidea that emperors were divine.57、In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially madeChristianity legal. B.31358、Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the Early Middle Ages?C.Medina59、Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOTtrue? D.it was a major check on royal authority60、Christianity originated from__. B.Palestine61、Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Fo lly belong to? A.cleversatires to expose people’s errors62、In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the RenaissanceAge? B.the emphasis on how things happened in nature63、All the following constitute the main forms of heresy, EXCEPT D.worshipers64、Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true? B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greekphilosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.65、Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?D.column66、Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______. B.Greeks67、Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________. B.the 1st century68、Which of the following group of people did not constitute a class in Sparta? D.nobles69、What is the Central Middle Ages also called? C.“Age of Faith”70、Constantine the Great declared __. B.toleration for all religions71、For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of theutmost importance? A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with conviction72、Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europeduring the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true? B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.73、The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT______. D.the judicial branch74、Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire? A.Peasants had a hardlife due to the high tax on land.75、Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctivefeatures except for ______. C.influence of classicism76、The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____. C.TheMycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.77、Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054? D.Pope LeoIX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius78、Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion? D.the influence of the strictmonotheism of Islam79、The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.B.All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.80、The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways,EXCEPT B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.81、Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity.Which one is the exception? A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.82、All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPT A.TheCapetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in England83、Christians considered pagan gods_____. A.as demons84、Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?D.Jan van Eyck85、Pope Urban VI started to reform the church and wanted to abolish the following abuses,EXCEPT D.homosexual86、Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true? A.The Byzantinesrevered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.87、It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginiangeneral Hannibal. B.the 2nd Punic War88、Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate? B.Sulla89、In the early days of the Roman Republic, ______ had the most important law makingpower. C.the Assembly of Curiae90、All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__. C.Nocommunes battled violently for rights of self-governance.91、What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers? D.fabliaux, fablesand dramas92、Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Roman assemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebians93、All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.C.democracy94、Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?C.Hellenistic civilization95、The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,C.Famine, plague,economic turmoil, social upheaval.96、All the following made up the basic social structure of medieval rural communitiesEXCEPT___. D.The guild97、Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’sDecameron? D.religious themes98、Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.99、In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine andIslamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____. C.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.100、Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages? D.The food price dropped drastically. 101、The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______. B.economic gains for all Romans102、Which one of the following statements about the medieval universities is NOT true? D.A migration of scholars from Cambridge led to the establishment of the University of Oxford in England.103、Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.104、Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? C.Charles refused her to accompany the army.105、Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?B.selling grain at a low price to citizens106、The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.B.slaves107、Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.Herodotus108、Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical texts109、What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles? C.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetry110、Jesus lived in the __. A.early 1st century111、Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world? D.drama112、Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true? D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.113、Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets? A.Dante114、Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals115、The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________. C.as emotional as those of humans;116、The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;117、 A gospel in the New Testament ___. A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings118、Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?B.the human persons119、In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____. D.the almighty God120、Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .C.Chaos121、The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God122、William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___. B.the Greek text123、In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___. C.were interpreted allegorically124、Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___. B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology125、The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific126、The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin text127、According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God128、New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.C.teachers all over Europe129、Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?D.Guesswork130、The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery131、Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?C.the Holy Spirit132、In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.B.rationality133、The early Christians were against ___.D.pagan culture134、Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.B.architecture135、Which of the following is not true about the Greeks? A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible136、Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus? D.His family returned home at last137、The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians138、Jews in the cities were__.D.persecuted by Christians139、By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods140、Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ . D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly141、Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.B.architecture142、Before the First Crusade, Jews__.C.were forced into the cities143、Roman mythology is actually___.B.not purely Roman144、Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except ___.D.being immortal145、The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god146、It was ____who unified England for the first time. D.King Alfred and his successors 147、Jews in the cities were good at__.A.doing business148、Monasteries were made rich by__.D.the kings and nobles149、The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance150、Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles151、The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society152、Which of the following is Not true about monasteries? C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all153、Which of the following is Not true about Jesus? B.His real father was Joseph154、The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the Romans155、Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod? C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived156、According to the New Testament the Christian church __.C.spoke more of salvation判断题1、In Virgil's Aeneid,Juno was described as the wife of Zeus in Greek mythology. ×2、The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. √3、Jupiter was the protector of the Roman state. √4、The Greek equivalent of Jupiter was Apollo. ×5、Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.×6、The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. ×7、Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. ×8、Aeneas arrived in Italy with Dido. ×9、The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws. √10、All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they areconcerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. ×11、Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. √12、The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting inspired by Virgil's vividdescriptions. ×13、In the story of the founding of Rome,the twins Romulus and Remus were the sons of agod and a woman. √14、Early Romans began to build temples for their gods 170 years before the city wasfounded. ×15、The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. √16、Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adamand Eve. ×17、The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel. √18、The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in theworld. ×19、There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament. √20、The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming. ×21、The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. ×22、The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior. ×23、In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oraltraditions. √24、The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscoveredthe superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline. √25、The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. √26、Participants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel andGreece. ×27、Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today.√28、At the beginning of the Middle ages the eastern half of the Roman Empire began tofragment.. ×29、By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of theEuropeans as well as in their religious life. √30、All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during theRenaissance. ×31、During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because theywanted to translate Latin works into Greek. ×32、Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults,thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading. √33、Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story. ×34、The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history. ×35、The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.×36、After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, allother religious beliefs disappeared. ×37、Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation. √38、According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.√39、An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.√40、That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authoritieswas a myth. √41、“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early MiddleAges. ×42、In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his militaryservice. √43、Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain. √44、The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law. ×45、The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures. ×46、Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about themalpractices of the Church. √47、Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms. ×48、Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support. √49、Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale ofindulgences. √50、Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.×51、Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin,was known as a Neo-Platonist. √52、Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men andthe wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education. √53、Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jewsas well to hear. ×54、Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one singlegroup of ancient people living in the region. ×55、judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society. √56、Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of thenobles. ×57、In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of theirannual income to the Church of Rome. ×58、During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place ofGothic style in architecture. ×59、In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcilesystematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy. √60、During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities andembraced modern values over night. ×61、In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, onlywhen both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen. ×62、The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome. √63、The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government. √64、The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greaterharmony. ×65、The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states. √66、All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head. ×67、Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped atOlympia. √68、Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Churchof Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians. √69、According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.×70、To allow a person to buy God’s forgive ness and ransom his way out of hell, the Churchdeveloped the sale of indulgences. √71、The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults,flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows. √72、The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions. ×73、The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at thattime. √74、The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period ofthe Roman Republic. √75、Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots. ×76、Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mothertongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire. ×77、The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions. ×78、Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year intofour seasons. ×79、The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe. √80、The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.√81、Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorusaccompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre. √82、The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of CatholicCounter-Reformation. ×83、The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northernEurope, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. √84、It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the CarthageEmpire. √85、Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric. √86、At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a newreligion. √87、It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture. √88、Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very differentfrom today’s western countries.√89、In the tale of Aeneas concerning Rome's founding, Aeneas was the son of a god and agoddess. ×90、Major changes in Roman religious life were due to expansion of Roman influence. √91、The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. √92、Rome used to be the religious centre, which caused foreign gods to find their way intoRome. ×93、In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection ofmyths. ×94、The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws. √95、Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in thepast. √96、The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. √97、The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting inspired by Virgil's vividdescriptions. ×98、Romulus and Remus decided to found a city of their own when they came to the throne.×99、The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to themodern understanding of history. √100、Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. ×101、The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual. ×102、That you should not have sex with others beyond marriage is included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. √103、The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. ×104、The early Romans cared about the human characters of gods. √105、The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. ×106、Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name.√107、Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry. √108、Renaissance began in Italy. √109、According to Roman mythology, the Romans originated from Asia Minor. √110、In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. ×111、The word renaissance means "renewal".×112、Roman mythology involved the founding of all cities. ×113、Scholars now recognize that a number of characteristics of Renaissance art and society had their origins in the Middle Ages. √114、The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. √115、The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. √116、Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. ×117、According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality. ×118、According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. ×119、Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea. ×120、More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. √121、That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. ×。
欧洲文化入门第二章
a. Amos 阿摩司 Chronologically it is the earliest prophet. He was a shepherd living around 76 B.C. He warned his people of the coming invasion by Assyria and Egypt and was accused of plooting revolution. About a hundred years after Amos’ Amos’ message, what Amos foretold came true. b. Jeremiah 耶利米 Jeremiah lived through the fall of Jerusalem in 590 B.C. had a very tragic tale to tell.
b. Book of Psalms 诗篇 It is a collection of 150 poetic pieces, the chief hymnal of the Jews. c. Proverb 箴言 It is a collection of moral maxims or sayings of practical nature.
The Old Testament
The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The former is about God and the Laws of God; the latter, the doctrine of Jesus Christ. The word “Testament” means Testament” “agreement”- namely, the agreement” agreement between God andstianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions. One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem humankind. The other is that God gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. This Redeemer, Jesus, was at once divine and truly human. Thus, the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: How he lived and died to redeem the whole human race.
欧洲文化入门第一章
Euripides (484-406B.C.) (484Plays: Andromache安德洛 Andromache安德洛 玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子) 玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子), Medea美狄亚and Medea美狄亚and Trojan Women特洛伊女人 Women特洛伊女人 He was more a realist than Aeschylus and Sophocles, aoncerned with conflics. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” plays”
History
Question: How should history be written? Which history book do you like best? Why? Herodotus (484-430B.C.) (484He is often called “Father of History”, wrote about History” the wars between Greeks and Persians. His history, full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue, is wonderfully readable.
Lyric Poetry Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.), women 612poets of Lesbos, is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity. She was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. Plato called her the tenth Muse. Pindar (about 518-438B.C.) is best 518known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympian odes.
欧洲文化入门第二章课后答案
周盟Zhou MengClass oneOct.12, 2014Division Three1.In Western European mushroomed a great many Germanic kingdoms, which in afew hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy, and Germany. Between the 15th and 11th centuries, Western Europe was the scene of frequent wars and invasions. The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence. In the Late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church.Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. 2.The period from 500 to 1000 is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothicheritages merged. And it is this fusion and blending of different ideas and practices that paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture.3.Charles Martel is a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as areward for their service in 732.4.Lords granted the right to govern large sections of land as fiefs, they promised tofight for the king. And they themselves further granted parts of their fiefs to lesser vassals.5.Under feudalism, people of their Western Europe were mainly divided into threeclasses: clergy, lords, and peasants.6.Serfs give the lords their land and freedom. They bound to the land where theyhad been born. Freemen were usually the workers who made the ploughs, shod the houses, and made harnesses for oxen and horses.7.“National epic”refers to the epic written in vernacular languages- that is, thelanguages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics.8.The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque, but it was given direction by adifferent aesthetic and philosophical spirit and reflected a much more ordered feudal society with full confidence.9.(1) Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe.He kept order throughout his realm, and he encouraged interest in the Christian religion and ancient learning. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800. Charlemagne encouraged learning by setting up monastery schools, giving support to scholars and setting scribes to work copying various ancientbooks. Because the scribes performed their tasks well, few of the ancient works that had survived until that time were ever lost. The result of Charlemagne’s efforts is usually called the “Carolingian Renaissance”.(2) Alfred the Great contributed greatly to the medieval European culture. He worried about the disappearance of learning and made Wessex the Anglo-Saxon cultural centre by introducing teachers and scholars, founding new monasteries, and promoting translations into the vernacular from Latin works. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo- Saxon Chronicles.。
欧洲文化入门第三章
A notable champion of early monasticism was St. Jerome, who translated into Latin both Old and New Testaments from the Hebrew and Greek originals.
The Middle Ages is also called the “Age of Faith”： ⑴During the Medieval times (中世纪) there was no central government to keep the order. ⑵The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. 基督教会 It continued to gain widespread power and influence. ⑶In the Late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of Christian church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It shaped people’ s lives.
The Organization of Church
The Catholic Church was a highly centralized and disciplined international organization.
欧洲文化入门
1.?What?did?the?Roman?have?in?common?with?the?Greeks??And?what?was?the?c hief?difference?between?them??(1)The?Romans?had?a?lot?in?common?with?the?Greeks.?Both?peoples?had?traditio ns?rooted?in?the?idea?of?the?citizen-assembly,?hostile?to?monarchy?and?to?servilit y.?Their?religions?were?alike?enough?for?most?of?their?deities?to?be?readily?identi fied?—Greek?Zeus?with?Roman?Jupiter,?Greek?Aphrodite?with?Roman?Venus,?an d?so?on—and?their?myths?to?be?fused.?Their?languages?worked?in?similar?ways? and?were?ultimately?related,?both?being?members?of?the?Indo-European?language ?family?which?stretches?from?Bangladesh?to?Iceland.?(2)?There?was?one?big?difference.?The?Romans?built?up?a?vast?empire.?The?Gree ks?didn’t,?excepted?for?the?brief?moment?of?Alexander’s?conquests,?which?soon? disintegrated.2.?Why?do?we?say?Judaism?and?Christianity?are?closely?related??Judaism?and?Christianity?are?closely?related:?(1) It?was?the?Jewish?tradition?which?gave?birth?to?Christianity;?(2)Both?originated?in?Palestine--the?hub?of?migration?and?trade?route,?which?led? to? exchange?ideas?over?wide?areas.5.?Into?what?three?groups?were?people?divided?under?feudalism??Under?feudalism,?people?of?their?Western?Europe?were?mainly?divided?into?three ?classes:?clergy,?lords,?and?peasants.2.?What?are?the?main?elements?of?humanism??How?are?these?elements?refl ected?in?art?and?literature?during?the?Italian?Renaissance??Humanist?is?the?essence?of?Renaissance.?Humanists?in?renaissance?believed?that? human?beings?had?rights?to?pursue?wealth?and?pleasure?and?they?admires?the?be auty?of?human?body.?This?belief?ran?counter?to?the?medieval?ascetical?idea?of?poverty?a nd?stoicism,?and?shifted?man’s?interest?from?Christianity?to?humanity,?from?religion? to ?philosophy,?from?heaven?to?earth,?from?the?beauty?of?God?to?the?beauty?of ?human?in? all?its?joy,?senses?and?feeling.?The?philosophy?of?humanism?is?reflected?in?the?art?and?literature?during?the?Itali an?Renaissance?in?the?literature?works?of?Boccaccio?and?Petrarch?and?in?the?art? of?Giotto,?Brunelleschi,?Donatello,?Giorgione,?da?Vinci,?Michelangelo,?Raphael,?and?Titian,? etc.?In?their?works?they?did?not?stress?death?and?other?world?but?call?on?man?to ?live?and?work?for?the?present.6.?What?are?the?doctrines?of?Martin?Luther??What?was?the?significance?of?the?re formation?in?European?civilization??In?Reformation?began?in?1517,?Martin?Luther?put?forth?the?following?doctrines:?⑴He?rejected?the?absolute?authority?of?the?Roman?Catholic?church?and?replace?i t?with?absolute?of?the?Bible.?People?can?communicate?with?God?directly?instead? of?through? the?church;?⑵He?opposed?the?purchase?of?indulgences?and?called?for?institutional?reform?of? the? church;?⑶advocated?translating?the?whole?Bible?into?vernaculars?and?made?the?Bible?acc essible? to?every?man;?⑷He?preached?love?and?ideals?of?equality,?and?he?was?a?fighter?for?democracy? and?nationalism,?a?humanist?who?helped?to?build?a?competent?educational?system ?in?Germany.The Reformation was significant in the European civilization. Before Reformation, E urope was essentially feudal and medieval. In all aspects of politics, economy and spir it, it was under the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire. But after the Reformation things were different. In educational and cultural m atters, the monopoly of the church was broken. In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Cath olic Church. In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the nation al languages as a result of various translations of Bible into vernacular. In spirit, absol ute obedience became out--mode and the spirit of quest, debate, was ushered in by the reformists. In word, after the reformation Europe was to take a new course of develop ment, a scientific revolutionwas to be under way and capitalism was to set in with its dynamic economic principle s.4. Why do we say that Bacon was a founder of modern philosophy? Bacon was regard ed as the founder of modern philosophy:The whole basis of his philosophy was practical. He held the philosophy should be ke pt separate from theology instead of being blended with it as the Scholasticism; Bacon maintained that it was crucial to supply mankind with a scientific method of in quiry into nature. He rejected the traditional deductive method and founded modern in ductive method;To expert any great advancement in science, bacon held that we must begin anew. The fresh start required the mind to overcome all the preconceptions, all prejudices, all theassumption, to sweep away all the fallacies and false beliefs, in a word, to break with t he past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.8. What is Descartes’ method of Cartesian doubt? What is its significance? Descartes employed methodic doubt with a view to discovering whether there was an indubitable truth. And he expressed this truth in this famous motto: ―I doubt, therefor e I think: I think, therefore I am.‖ This Cartesian doubt is the most important point in h is philosophy. According to Descartes, I think therefore I am‖ makes mind more cer tain than matter. He believed that is thinking is one that doubts, understands, conceive s, affirms, denies, wills, imagines, and feels. Doubting is thinking, thinking is the esse nce of mind. So he concluded that knowledge of things that we conceive very clearly and distinctly are true, and that knowledge of things must be by the mind. As to the se nses, he believed that they are not dependable.2. Why the Enlightenment is also called “the Age of Reason”?The Enlightenment characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use criticalreason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State. Therefore it is called the Age of Reason.7. In which book did Montesquieu discuss the separation of powers? Discuss its core (main) ideas and significance. （谈谈其当时的意义以及对美国立法的影响。
最新版2016年春《欧洲文化入门》(阅读)在线作业及满分答案
2016年春《欧洲文化入门》(阅读)在线作业及答案1．第1题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% – 60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities in Italy may have been as high as60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers. 您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题1066 marked the__A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquest of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题Which of the following was NOT true about theearly Christians?A.They defied the Roman political authoritiesB.They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.C.They banned paganismD.They suffered religious persecution 您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Christians considered pagan gods_____.A.as demonsB.as humansC.incredibleD.supernatural您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Constantine the Great named the new imperial capital ______.A.ConstantinopleB.ByzantiumC.New RomeD.Istanbul您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Which one of the following statements about the Code of Hammurabi was NOT true?A.The Code helped Hammurabi consolidate his rule in the Mesopotamia.B.The Code was based on the principle of retaliation.C.Everyone received equal punishment for the same crime committed.D.The Code was written in the Akhadian language. 您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题Which of the following descriptions of Constantinople is NOT true?A.It was the most important trading centre in Europe in the Early Middle Ages.B.It was the political and intellectual centre of the Middle Ages.C.It dazzled visitors with its grand buildings and great wealth.D.University of Constantinople did not have any Muslim students.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true?A.Al-Farabi believed that philosophy and religion are not reconcilable.B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greek philosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.C.Averro雜 believed that philosophical truth can not be tested.D.Averro雜 thought that philosophers can not truly comprehend theological truth.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题That Aeneid, the legendary founder of the city of Rome, was the prince of _____ suggests a certain link between the Roman civilization and ancient Near East.A.EtruriaB.GreeceC.TroyD.Phoenicia您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.513．第13题Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate?A.CrassusB.SullaC.PompeyD.Caesar您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A.consulB.dictatorC.tribuneD.magistrate您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.515．第15题The ancient Egyptians divided a year into ___ seasons.A.2B.3C.4D.5您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.517．第17题All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__.mune had its own local government, its own court, its own tax-collecting agencies and its own customs.B.Some communes gained their independence by paying lords to grant it to them, while othersgoverned alongside their lord.C.No communes battled violently for rights of self-governance.munes in Italy gained the right not only to govern themselves but also to rule the farmland and villages around them.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.518．第18题What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.519．第19题The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.A.GreekB.RomanC.HebrewD.European您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.520．第20题Luther attacked the belief that the sacramental system was the only means to salvation and called for the reform of monasticism in________________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：0.521．第21题The successful spread of Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire is due to three of the following facts. Which one is the exception?A.The unstable political situation in the Holy Roman Empire.B.Public discontent caused by high papal taxes on Germans.C.Extreme anger in Germany against the power of the pope.D.Luther' s intention to extend his doctrine of social equality.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.522．第22题Three of the following statements are true with England after the death of Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.The council of regents to rule England was dominated by reformers.B.Edward VI was enthusiastic about reform as Henry VIII had been.C.Edward VI was raised by Protestants rich with Renaissance ideas.D.Mary succeeded Edward VI and began to restore the Catholic faith.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.523．第23题The Sumerian civilization had ______ cultural center(s).A.1B.2C.3D.4您的答案：B此题得分：0.524．第24题Which one of the following peoples first practiced monotheism?A.ancient EgyptiansB.ancient HebrewsC.ancient GreeksD.ancient Sumerians您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.525．第25题Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Which one is the exception?A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform. 您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.526．第26题Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.527．第27题Which one of the following statements about the ancient Egyptian art is NOT true?A.The more important a person or a god, the larger his size on a painting.B.Ancient Egyptians artists created a variety of individual styles.C.Wall paintings inside the pyramids were meant to keep the dead company.D.Colors in the paintings have symbolic meanings. 您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.528．第28题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,A.The territorial disputes between England and France.B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession. 您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.529．第29题Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true?A.It is the Golden Age of classical Greece.B.It was when Athens secured its status as the capital of Hellenic civilization.C.It witnessed great developments in democracy, economy, art and science.D.It was when the nobles became a major force in politics.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.530．第30题Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.B.The program of study relied heavily onclassical training, but it also contained many other subjects.C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.531．第31题Which one of the following statements about the Sumerian economy is NOT true?A.The economy was mainly based on agriculture.B.The annual flood of the Tigris and the Euphrates played a vital role in its economy.C.The land was owned by the kings and the nobles.D.Sumerian businessmen helped develop an extensive trade network in the Persian Gulf region.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.532．第32题The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B.economic gains for all RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.533．第33题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which oneis the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of theempire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity. 您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.534．第34题Which statement about the “civic humanism” is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenth century.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating in public life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfill their desires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” of Northern Renaissance.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.535．第35题The Wars of Roses ended up inA.The emergence of the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rose.B.The split of the two royal houses.C.The establishment of the Dynasty of Tudor by King Henry VIII.D.The subsequent ruling of England and Scotland for 117 years.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.036．第36题The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.037．第37题Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true?A.France recognized the French antipope Clement.B.England recognized Pope Urban.C.Scotland followed the French.D.The emperor of Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.038．第38题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.039．第39题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.040．第40题Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D.His use of graceful language and perfect form. 您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.041．第41题Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true?A.It was the worst famine in European history.B.It lasted for seven hard years.C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies.D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.HerodotusB.ThucydidesC.XenophonD.Polybius您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.043．第43题Which of the following is true about Luther’s discovery from reading the Bible?A.His own individual faith would guarantee his salvation.B.Saint Peter’s guidance would guarantee his salvation.C.Saint Paul’s instructions would guarantee his salvation.D.Jesus Christ ’s teachings would guarantee his salvation.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti. 您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.045．第45题Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.046．第46题Roman religion was _____.A.borrowed entirely from the GreeksB.not purely RomanC.invented by RomansD.borrowed from the Egyptians您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.547．第47题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.您的答案：C题目分数：1.548．第48题All the following made up the basic social structure of medieval rural communities EXCEPT___.A.The villageB.The manorC.The parish churchD.The guild您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.549．第49题The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch您的答案：D此题得分：1.550．第50题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the churchinstitutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.551．第51题The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.A.religiousC.politicalD.both B and C您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.552．第52题The so-called Mesopotamia civilization included cultures developed by the following groups of people EXCEPT _______.A.BabyloniansB.PersiansC.SumeriansD.Assyrians您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.553．第53题Which one of the following groups of people did not speak the Semitic language?B.ArabsC.SumeriansD.Babylonians您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.554．第54题Which one of the following items was NOT invented by the ancient Mesopotamians?A.guitarB.magnifying glassC.lock and keyD.gunpowder您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.555．第55题Three of the following statements are true with the Elizabethan Compromise. Which one is the exception?A.The Church of England again rejected the authority of the pope.B.The Church of England began to compromise with the Papacy.C.Elizabeth again condemned Catholic teachings and practices.D.Elizabeth,as a protestant, also forbade extreme Protestantism.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.556．第56题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow andcannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：1.557．第57题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.558．第58题The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____.A.The Mycenaeans were the first people known to have spoken Greek.B.The Mycenaeans regarded the Minoans as their potential enemies.C.The Mycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.D.The Mycenaean era is also called the “Age of Heroes”.您的答案：C此题得分：1.559．第59题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned itinto a Roman province.B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.560．第60题Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire?A.Peasants had a hard life due to the high tax on land.B.Scholars were skeptical of Greek tradition.C.Women were excluded from education.D.Soldiers received poor salaries.您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.561．第61题Which one is NOT the reason that Justinian is considered the first great Byzantine emperor?A.He reconquered the lost territories of the former Western Roman Empire.B.He ordered scholars to codify all Roman laws into one coherent body of law.C.He declared himself to be God’s representative on earth.D.He commissioned the construction of Hagia Sophia.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.562．第62题Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion?A.the well- organized Muslim ruling elite and apowerful Muslim army.B.people’s dissatisfaction with imperial rule in some Middle East areas.C.the tolerance of those cultures different from IslamD.the influence of the strict monotheism of Islam 您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.563．第63题For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of the utmost importance?A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with convictionB.performing ritual prayers five times a dayC.giving money or gifts to the poor and the needyD.observing a month-long fast every year and making a pilgrimage to Mecca您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.564．第64题What one is a correct description of the western European feudalism in the Early Middle Ages?A.Feudalism was a product of the Carolingian world and it operated on two levels.B.A feudal king’s actual power depended on the number of his vassals.C.A vassal holding a fief must not divide it into smaller fiefs.D.Financial service was the main reason for the feudal system to exist.您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.565．第65题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during theMiddle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.566．第66题Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A.foreign cultural invasionB.trade and commerceC.territorial expansion of RomeD.interest in spiritual matters您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.567．第67题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct?A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time.B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century.C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism. 您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.568．第68题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature washigher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically. 您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.569．第69题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.070．第70题Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by the French nobles for any peasant.C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, and raped their lords’ wives.D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.071．第71题The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.072．第72题During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.073．第73题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire. 您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.074．第74题The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A.small farmersB.slavesC.serfsD.Roman legions您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations of Christianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painting, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.576．第76题Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true?A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfitB.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the ChurchC.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies and undermined feudalismD.The Crusades set the first example of European expansionism您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.577．第77题The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.A.AthensB.SpartaC.AlexandriaD.Thebes您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true?A.The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B.The archaic Greek artists created twosculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C.The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D.The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked torepresent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.您的答案：C题目分数：1.079．第79题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.080．第80题Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art?A.Early RenaissanceB.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissancete Renaissance您的答案：B题目分数：1.0Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?A.the invention of new artistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.082．第82题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.083．第83题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.084．第84题Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the Early Middle Ages?A.Constantinop leB.MeccaC.MedinaD.Baghdad您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.085．第85题Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a more spiritual than political institution.B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinals created by the popes were French.C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.086．第86题In the year _____ Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.087．第87题Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance?A.Giovanni BoccaccioB.William ShakespeareC.Fran鏾is RabelaisD.Miguel de Cervantes您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.088．第88题During the Wat Tyler Rebellion, the rebelsmarched into London and executed the following important officials, EXCEPTA.Lord ChancellorB.Lord TreasurerC.magistrate of London, William TongeD.Archbishop of Canterbury您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.089．第89题Which one of the countries below was not part of the ancient Near East?A.ArmeniaB.TurkeyC.IsraelD.Iraq您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.090．第90题Egypt was conquered by ____ in 31 B.C. and renamed “Africa.”A.GreeksB.ArabsC.RomansD.Persians您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.091．第91题Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greekliterature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors. 您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.092．第92题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minuscule。
欧洲文化入门试卷及答案
《欧洲文化入门》I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. (60 POINTS)1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。
另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in theirC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB.AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.C. SophoclesD. Aeschylus喜剧家：Comedy writer解释者of the atomic theory.D. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium讨论会7. Dante called ____ " the master of those who know".A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. ArchimedesB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. PoliticsEuclid---Elements9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10. Herodotus, Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .Herodotus Father of historyA. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesC. The Roman EmpireD. Pax Romana年，元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”和“大元帅”的尊称史诗, The Aeneid, was written by _____.C. Julius CaesarD. Cicero维吉尔。
2015春欧洲文化入门(阅读)判断题-推荐下载
1．第1题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题The Northern Renaissance is the term used todescribe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one singlegroup of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholarsbegan to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, onlywhen both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第51题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第53题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第54题The basic units of the first humancivilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第58题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputesamong Christians.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：99.0。
欧洲文化入门RomanCulture
The Assemblies
comitia tributa
comitia centuriata
Punic Wars
Along with the reform in politics, Rome began its expansion. By 274 BC, the Romans had taken over all of Italy.
But the Romans respected this inheritance and assimilated it for the artistic enrichment of their own culture.
Geography
Both Greece and Rome are Mediterranean countries, but the terrain of the two is very different.
Roman Government
Senate (300 members)
Consuls (2 members) Head of Government
Tribune (10 members)
Patrician Appointed Hold office for life
Patrician & Plebian Elected Hold office for 1 year
The Battle of Corinth
The Romans under Lucius Mummius destroyed Corinth following a siege in 146 BC; when he entered the city, Mummius put all the men to the sword and sold the women and children into slavery before he torched the city.
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欧洲文化入门（阅读）1．第1题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God2．第2题Before the First Crusade, Jews__.C.were forced into the cities3．第8题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.C.powers4．第9题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?D.His family returned home at last5．第10题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city6．第11题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity7．第13题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.C.subject8．第15题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.D.Chaos9．第16题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.B.Zeus10．第17题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world 11．第18题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century12．第19题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors13．第20题Jews in the cities were__.D.persecuted by Christians14．第24题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day15．第37题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God16．第38题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians17．第40题Roman mythology is actually___.B.not purely Roman18．第41题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora19．第42题The early Christians were against ___.D.pagan culture20．第43题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus21．第3题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.22．第4题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.您的答案：正确23．第5题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.您的答案：错误24．第6题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death您的答案：错误25．第7题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians.您的答案：错误26．第12题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.您的答案：正确27．第14题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.您的答案：正确28．第21题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws.您的答案：正确29．第22题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament.您的答案：错误30．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews.您的答案：错误31．第25题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.您的答案：错误32．第26题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.您的答案：错误33．第27题Scholars now recognize that a number of characteristics of Renaissance art and society had their origins in the Middle Ages.您的答案：正确34．第28题Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.您的答案：错误35．第29题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.您的答案：错误36．第30题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.您的答案：正确37．第31题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretation of Christianity.您的答案：错误38．第32题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.您的答案：错误39．第33题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确40．第34题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.您的答案：正确41．第35题Kingdoms in the West kept fighting among themselves. 您的答案：正确42．第36题Middle ages lasted about 10 centuries.您的答案：正确43．第39题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.您的答案：正确44．第44题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.您的答案：错误45．第45题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only.您的答案：正确46．第46题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages.您的答案：正确47．第47题Renaissance began in Italy.您的答案：正确48．第48题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history.您的答案：正确49．第49题The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.您的答案：错误50．第50题Christianity focused on the events of the everyday world. 您的答案：错误1．第6题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第7题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第8题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.D.gods on those between mortals4．第9题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text5．第10题1066 marked the__.B.Norman Conquer of England6．第11题Monasteries were made rich by__.D.the kings and nobles7．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who8．第13题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?D.Guesswork9．第14题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal10．第15题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.PandoraWhich of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?C.the Holy Spirit12．第22题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians13．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world14．第38题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.D.Chaos15．第39题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism16．第42题Jews in the cities were__.D.persecuted by Christians17．第45题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives18．第46题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation19．第47题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God20．第48题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety21．第1题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today.您的答案：错误22．第2题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages.您的答案：正确23．第3题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium.您的答案：正确24．第4题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.您的答案：错误25．第5题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries您的答案：错误26．第17题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.您的答案：正确27．第18题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.您的答案：错误28．第19题Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.您的答案：错误29．第20题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West.您的答案：正确30．第21题The Islamic world was unified by the the Ottoman Turks. 您的答案：正确31．第23题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.您的答案：错误The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.您的答案：正确33．第25题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.您的答案：错误34．第26题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.您的答案：错误35．第27题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive.您的答案：错误36．第28题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.您的答案：错误37．第29题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.您的答案：正确38．第30题The word renaissance means "renewal".您的答案：错误39．第31题Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.您的答案：错误40．第32题The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.您的答案：错误The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054.您的答案：错误42．第34题At the beginning of the Middle ages the eastern half of the Roman Empire began to fragment..您的答案：错误43．第35题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.您的答案：错误44．第36题Middle ages lasted about 10 centuries.您的答案：正确45．第40题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.您的答案：错误46．第41题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.您的答案：正确47．第43题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve.您的答案：错误48．第44题The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.您的答案：错误49．第49题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.您的答案：错误50．第50题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Y ahweh is the only God in the world.您的答案：错误1．第1题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles2．第2题The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________.C.as emotional as those of humans;3．第3题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing4．第4题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God5．第8题Jews in the cities were__.D.persecuted by Christians6．第13题Roman mythology is actually___.B.not purely Roman7．第14题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora8．第15题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第16题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?C.the Holy Spirit10．第17题John Wycliffe's goal of translation was __.B.to give the Bible to the people Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all12．第19题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us13．第20题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept14．第21题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific15．第22题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God16．第23题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true17．第24题A myth is ___.B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted18．第29题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity19．第41题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?D.His family returned home at last20．第42题Monasteries were made rich by__.D.the kings and nobles21．第5题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East.您的答案：正确22．第6题The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming.您的答案：错误23．第7题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.您的答案：正确24．第9题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.您的答案：错误25．第10题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God.您的答案：错误26．第11题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.您的答案：错误27．第12题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion.您的答案：错误28．第25题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Y ahweh is the only God in the world.您的答案：错误29．第26题The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.您的答案：错误30．第27题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.您的答案：正确31．第28题The Russians by no means adopted Byzantine customs.您的答案：错误32．第30题mystery.您的答案：错误33．第31题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages.您的答案：正确34．第32题Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea.您的答案：错误35．第33题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.您的答案：正确36．第34题Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry.您的答案：正确37．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages.您的答案：正确38．第36题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium.您的答案：正确39．第37题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.您的答案：正确40．第38题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.您的答案：错误41．第39题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century.您的答案：正确42．第40题Kingdoms in the West kept fighting among themselves.43．第43题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.您的答案：错误44．第44题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.您的答案：错误45．第45题According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.您的答案：错误46．第46题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews.您的答案：错误47．第47题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.您的答案：错误48．第48题Participants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece.您的答案：错误49．第49题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确50．第50题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural.您的答案：错误1．第1题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.B.rationality2．第2题A.the Romans3．第3题Common types of myths exclude___.D.myths of mortals4．第4题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?D.His family returned home at last5．第5题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text6．第6题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes7．第10题New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.C.teachers all over Europe8．第17题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ . D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly9．第18题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation10．第19题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.D.gods on those between mortals此题得分：2.011．第20题The original language of the New Testament was used ___.B.as a means of worship12．第21题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of God13．第22题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors14．第34题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture15．第35题Myths____.C.explain the origin of man and nature16．第36题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.B.the devils17．第37题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;18．第38题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?C.the Holy Spirit19．第39题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God20．第40题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries? C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all21．第7题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament.您的答案：错误22．第8题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. 23．第9题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.您的答案：正确24．第11题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East.您的答案：错误25．第12题Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.您的答案：错误26．第13题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确27．第14题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally.您的答案：错误28．第15题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：正确29．第16题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.您的答案：正确30．第23题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. 您的答案：正确31．第24题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.您的答案：错误According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.您的答案：正确33．第26题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.您的答案：正确34．第27题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.您的答案：正确35．第28题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.您的答案：正确36．第29题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy.您的答案：正确37．第30题The Russians by no means adopted Byzantine customs. 您的答案：错误38．第31题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误39．第32题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确40．第33题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.您的答案：错误41．第41题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin.您的答案：错误The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.您的答案：正确43．第43题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form.您的答案：正确44．第44题The Pentateuch was written by Moses.您的答案：正确45．第45题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.您的答案：错误46．第46题The word renaissance means "renewal".您的答案：错误47．第47题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. 您的答案：错误48．第48题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.您的答案：错误49．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries您的答案：错误50．第50题In the Christian view, saints were immortal.您的答案：错误。