Dynamic Performance Tables not accessible 问题 解决不能动态统计
MIB大全
北京威斯通软件开发有限公司MIB大全常用软硬件MIB参考Zhou Wei2014/8/31目录一.Brocade (1)1. Brocade MIB参考手册 (1)2. Brocade MIB OID (5)3. Brocade MIB文件 (5)3.1. Brocade MIB File (5)3.2. Standard MIBs (6)4. MIB加载顺序 (8)二.Cisco (9)1. Cisco MIB文件资源 (9)2. Cisco MIB参考手册 (9)3. Cisco SNMP工具 (9)4. Cisco CAT3560 CAT3750 C3845-NOVPN MIB (10)5. Cisco ASA5500 MIB (10)三.Oracle Database (12)1. Oracle Database Architecture (12)2. Oracle SNMP Support Components (13)3. Oracle Database SNMP参考手册 (14)4. Oracle MIB OID (15)5. Oracle私有MIB OID解释 (15)6. 公共数据库MIB OID解释 (16)7. Oracle MIB变量实例 (16)四.Oracle WebLogic (17)1. Oracle WebLogic SNMP参考手册 (17)2. 配置SNMP (17)3. MIB库位置 (17)五.Oracle BEA Tuxedo (17)1. Oracle Tuxedo SNMP参考手册 (17)六.Oracle Server(SPARC & X86) (18)1. ILOM (18)2. Oracle Hardware Management Pack 2.3 (18)2.1. Hardware Management Pack安装先决条件 (18)2.2. Oracle Server Management Agents (19)2.3. Oracle Server硬件MIB (19)3. Oracle Server Management Agents for Oracle Solaris User's Guide (20)七.Oracle Solaris (20)1. Solaris SMA管理和开发手册 (20)2. SMA内置的MIB (21)八.Windows (22)1. Windows MIB文件 (22)2. 第三方SNMP扩展 (23)九.Oracle Pillar Axiom (23)十.VMware vSphere (23)1. VMware vSphere 5 SNMP手册 (23)2. VMware vSphere 5 MIB (24)十一.附录 (25)一. Brocade1. Brocade MIB参考手册最新的Fabric OS MIB ReferencePublication Number: 53-1002750-02在线和下载链接:/downloads/documents/product_manuals/B_SAN/FOS_MI B_v710.pdf/downloads/documents/html_product_manuals/FOS_MIB REF_710/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm四川有线:/dtscp75322/attachments/dtscp75322/fibre/11254/1 /53_1001768_01_FOS_MIB_v640.pdf2. Brocade MIB OIDBrocade SW.MIB OID1.3.6.1.4.1.1588.2.1.1.1mDev.fibreChannel.fcSwitch.swObject Instances1.3.6.1.4.1.1588.2.1.1.1.6.2.1.11 is the OID (of swFCPortTxWords) and 5 is the instance ID for port 4.FC SW的端口号是从0开始,SNMP MIB库是从1开始计数,所以实例号需要是端口号+13. Brocade MIB文件3.1. Brocade MIB File• bd.mib• BRCD_REG.mib• BRCD_TC.mib• brcdfcip.mib• CPQ_HOST.mib• CPQ_RACK.mib• FA.mib• FICON.mib• HA.mib• IBMBladeCenterTrapMIB.mib• SW.mib• faext.mib3.2. Standard MIBsDistribution of standard MIBs has been stopped from Fabric OS v6.4.0. /• SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB• IF-MIB• IANAifType-MIB• INET-ADDRESS-MIB• RFC1213-MIB• SNMPv2-MIB• ENTITY-MIB• RMON-MIB• FC-MGMT-MIB• FCIP-MGMT-MIB• ISCSI-MIB• FIBRE-CHANNEL-FE-MIB• SNMPv2-PARTY-MIB• SNMPv2-SMI-MIB• SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB• SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB• SNMP-TARGET-MIB• IEEE 802.1x PAE MIB• IEEE 802.3 LAG MIB• BRIDGE-MIB• P-BRIDGE MIB• Q-BRIDGE MIB• RSTP-MIB• LLDP MIB• LLDP-EXT-DOT1-MIB• LLDP-EXT-DOT3-MIB • IP MIB• SNMP-COMMUNITY-MIB4. MIB加载顺序二. Cisco1. Cisco MIB文件资源Cisco MIB files FTP siteftp:///pub/mibs2. Cisco MIB参考手册MIB Compilers and Loading MIBs/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/simple-network-management-proto col-snmp/26015-mibcompilers.html/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/simple-network-management-proto col-snmp/26015-mibcompilers.pdfCisco IOS SNMP Traps Supported and How to Configure Them/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/simple-network-management-proto col-snmp/13506-snmp-traps.htmlCisco PIX 500 Series Security AppliancesUsing SNMP with the Security Appliances PIX/ASA/c/en/us/support/docs/security/pix-500-series-security-applia nces/13822-pixsnmp.html/c/en/us/support/docs/security/pix-500-series-security-applia nces/13822-pixsnmp.pdf3. Cisco SNMP工具SNMP对象导航器(检索OID和对象名,下载MIB库,检索MIB库对应IMG)/Support/SNMP/do/BrowseOID.doMIB查找工具(根据产品型号查找包含的MIB库)/ITDIT/MIBS/MainServlet/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml4. Cisco CAT3560 CAT3750 C3845-NOVPN MIB可以从网站通过工具直接列出,由于MIB清单过长,见Excel文件。
SAP_Java_Connector,JAVA连接SAP
SAP AG
Presentation – Content Overview
1
Overview 2 Architecture 3 4 5 Scenarios
l
l
Design
Examples
SAP AG 2002, SAP JCo / 2
SAP Java Connector – Overview
1
Overview 2 Architecture 3 4 5 Scenarios
les
SAP AG 2002, SAP JCo / 7
SAP Java Connector – Scenarios
Standalone Java Application as external RFC Client
Function objects are build from templates
n Templates contain all meta-data that completely specify a function n But they do not have any preinitialized containers yet
SAP AG 2002, SAP JCo / 10
SAP Java Connector – Design
Consistent and easy-to-learn API
Facts about function parameters
n SAP Web AS Functions have Import-, Export-, and Table Parameters n Parameters can be atomic (Integer, Float, String, etc.) n Parameter can also be composite (heterogeneous Structures, Tables)
DB2 开发人员优化 SQL 性能指南说明书
Filter as much as needed/possible within the query itself Favor Stage 1 Indexable -> Stage 1 Others -> Stage 2
11
Promote predicates to earlier stage
SQL QUERY
SELECT N_NAME, COUNT(*) FROM ORDER, CUSTOMER, NATION
WHERE C_NATIONKEY = N_NATIONKEY AND C_CUSTKEY = O_CUSTKEY AND N_REGIONKEY = 4 AND O_ORDERDATE BETWEEN ? AND ?
• Restrict the range of data that is retrieved • Index Matching defines START and STOP keys on the index
• All other predicates will reject rows based upon this retrieved range of data
2
Outline
Write efficient predicates Minimize SQL traffic Use multi-row operations Avoid sorting whenever possible Only touch columns and rows you need Literals vs. variables – know the difference Subqueries vs Joins OPTIMIZE FOR n ROWS +++
KSZ8995M中文资料
General DescriptionThe KS8995M is a highly integrated Layer-2 managed switchwith optimized BOM (Bill of Materials) cost for low port count,cost-sensitive 10/100Mbps switch systems. It also provides an extensive feature set such as tag/port-based VLAN, QoS (Quality of Service) priority, management, MIB counters, dual MII interfaces and CPU control/data interfaces to effectively address both current and emerging Fast Ethernet applica-tions.The KS8995M contains five 10/100 transceivers with pat-ented mixed-signal low-power technology, five MAC (Media Access Control) units, a high-speed non-blocking switch fabric, a dedicated address look-up engine, and an on-chip frame buffer memory.All PHY units support 10BaseT and 100BaseTX. In addition,two of the PHY units support 100BaseFX (Ports 4 and 5).All support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at .Features•Integrated switch with five MACs and five Fast Ethernet transceivers fully compliant to IEEE 802.3u standard •Shared memory based switch fabric with fully non-blocking configuration• 1.4Gbps high-performance memory bandwidth•10BaseT, 100BaseTX and 100BaseFX modes (FX in Ports 4 and 5)•Dual MII configuration: MII-Switch (MAC or PHY mode MII) and MII-P5 (PHY mode MII)•IEEE 802.1q tag-based VLAN (16 VLANs, full-range VID) for DMZ port, WAN/LAN separation or inter-VLAN switch links•VLAN ID tag/untag options, per-port basis•Programmable rate limiting 0Mbps to 100Mbps, ingress and egress port, rate options for high and low priority,per-port-basis•Flow control or drop packet rate limiting (ingress port)•Integrated MIB counters for fully compliant statistics gathering, 34 MIB counters per portMicrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • Functional DiagramAuto Auto Auto Auto Auto KS8995MFeatures (continued)•Enable/Disable option for huge frame size up to 1916 bytes per frame•IGMP v1/v2 snooping for multicast packet filtering •Special tagging mode to send CPU info on ingress packet’s port value•SPI slave (complete) and MDIO (MII PHY only) serial management interface for control of register configura-tion•MAC-id based security lock option•Control registers configurable on-the-fly (port-priority, 802.1p/d/q, AN...)•CPU read access to MAC forwarding table entries •802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol•Port mirroring/monitoring/sniffing:ingress and/or egress traffic to any port or MII•Broadcast storm protection with percent control–global and per-port basis•Optimization for fiber-to-copper media conversion •Full-chip hardware power-down support (register configuration not saved)•Per-port based software power-save on PHY (idle link detection, register configuration preserved)•QoS/CoS packets prioritization supports: per port, 802.1p and DiffServ based•802.1p/q tag insertion or removal on a per port basis (egress)•MDC and MDI/O interface support to access the MII PHY control registers (not all control registers)•MII local loopback support•On-chip 64Kbyte memory for frame buffering (not shared with 1K unicast address table)•Wire-speed reception and transmission•Integrated look-up engine with dedicated 1K MAC addresses•Full duplex IEEE 802.3x and half-duplex back pressure flow control•Comprehensive LED support•7-wire SNI support for legacy MAC interface •Automatic MDI/MDI-X crossover for plug-and-play •Disable Automatic MDI/MDI-X option•Low power:Core:1.8VI/O:2.5V or 3.3V•0.18µm CMOS technology•Commercial temperature range:0°C to +70°C •Industrial temperature range:–40°C to +85°C •Available in 128-pin PQFP package Applications•Broadband gateway/firewall/VPN•Integrated DSL or cable modem multi-port router •Wireless LAN access point plus gateway•Home networking expansion•Standalone 10/100 switch•Hotel/campus/MxU gateway•Enterprise VoIP gateway/phone•FTTx customer premise equipment•Managed media converterOrdering InformationPart Number Temperature Range PackageKS8995M0°C to +70°C128-Pin PQFPKSZ8995M0°C to +70°C128-Pin PQFP Lead Free KS8995MI–40°C to +85°C128-Pin PQFPRevision HistoryRevision Date Summary of Changes1.0011/05/01Created1.0111/09/01Pinout Mux1/2, DVCC-IO2.5/3.3V, feature list, register spec 11-091.0212/03/01Editorial changes, added new register and MIB descriptions. Added paragraph describing TOS registers.Imported functional descriptions. Formatting.1.0312/12/01Incorporate changes per engineering feedback as well as updating functional descriptions and addingnew timing information.1.0412/13/01Changed Rev. and For. Modes to PHY and MAC modes respectively. Added MIIM clarification in “MIIManagement Interface” section. Reformatted section sequence. Added hex register addresses. Addedadvertisement ability descriptions.1.0512/18/01Inserted switch forwarding flow charts.1.0612/20/01Added new KS8995M block diagram, editorial changes, register descriptions changes and cross-references from functional descriptions to register and strap in options.1.071/22/01Changed FXSD pins to inputs, added new descriptions to “Configuration Interfaces” section.Edited pin descriptions.1.083/1/02Editorial changes in “Dynamic MAC Address table and “MIB Counters.” Updated figure 2 flowchart.Updated table 2 for MAC mode connections. Separate static MAC bit assignments for read and write.Edited read and write examples to MAC tables and MIB counters. Changed Table 3 KS8995M signals to“S” suffix. Changed aging description in Register 2, bit 0. Changed “Port Registers” section and listed allport register addresses. Changed port control 11 description for bits [7:5]. Changed MIB counterdescriptions.1.095/17/02Changed MII setting in “Pin Descriptions.” Changed pu/pd descriptions for SMRXD2. “Register 18,”changed pu/pd description for forced flow control. “Illegal Frames. ” Edited large packet sizes back in.“Elecrical Characteristics,” Added in typical supply current numbers for 100 BaseTX and 10 BaseTXoperation. “Register 18,” Added in note for illegal half-duplex, force flow control. “Pin Description,” Addedextra X1 clock input description. “Elecrical Characteristics,” Updated to chip only current numbers.Added SPI Timing. Feature Highlights.1.107/29/02“Pin Description,” changed SMRXC and SMTXC to I/O. Input in MAC mode, output in PHY mode MII.“Elecrical Characteristics,” modified current consumption to chip only numbers. “Half-Duplex BackPressure,” added description for no dropped packets in half-duplex mode. Added recommendedoperating conditions. Added Idle mode current consumption in “Elecrical Characteristics,” added“Selection of Isolation Transformers,” Added 3.01kΩ resistor instructions for ISET “Pin Description”section. Changed Polarity of transmit pairs in “Pin Description.” Changed description for Register 2, bit 1,in “Register Description” section. Added “Reset Timing” section.1.1112/17/02“Register 3” changed 802.1x to 802.3x. “Register 6,” changed default column to disable flow control forpull-down, and enable flow control for pull-up. “Register 29” and “Register 0” indicate loop back is at thePHY. Added description to register 4 bit 2 to indicate that STPID packets from CPU to normal ports arenot allowed as 1522 byte tag packets. Fixed dynamic MAC address example errors in “Dynamic MACAddress Table.” Changed definition of forced MDI, MDIX in section “Register 29,”“Register 30” and“Register 0.” Added “Part Ordering Information.” Added Ambient operating temperature for KS8995MI 1.123/10/03Changed pin 120 description to NC. Changed SPIQ pin description to Otri. Changed logo. Changedcontact information.Table of ContentsSystem Level Applications (7)Pin Description (by Number) (9)Pin Description (by Name) (15)Pin Configuration (21)Introduction (22)Functional Overview:Physical Layer Transceiver (22)100BaseTX Transmit (22)100BaseTX Receive (22)PLL Clock Synthesizer (22)Scrambler/De-scrambler (100BaseTX only) (22)100BaseFX Operation (22)100BaseFX Signal Detection (22)100BaseFX Far End Fault (23)10BaseT Transmit (23)10BaseT Receive (23)Power Management (23)MDI/MDI-X Auto Crossover (23)Auto-Negotiation (23)Functional Overview:Switch Core (24)Address Look-Up (24)Learning (24)Migration (24)Aging (24)Forwarding (24)Switching Engine (24)MAC Operation (24)Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) (24)Backoff Algorithm (24)Late Collision (26)Illegal Frames (26)Flow Control (26)Half-Duplex Back Pressure (26)Broadcast Storm Protection (26)MII Interface Operation (26)SNI Interface Operation (28)Advanced Functionality (28)Spanning Tree Support (28)Special Tagging Mode (29)IGMP Support (30)Port Mirroring Support (31)VLAN Support (31)Rate Limit Support (32)Configuration Interface (33)I2C Master Serial Bus Configuration (35)SPI Slave Serial Bus Configuration (35)MII Management Interface (MIIM) (38)Register Description (39)Global Registers (39)Register 0 (0x00): Chip ID0 (39)Register 1 (0x01): Chip ID1/Start Switch (39)Register 2 (0x02): Global Control 0 (40)Register 3 (0x03): Global Control 1 (40)Register 4 (0x04): Global Control 2 (41)Register 5 (0x05): Global Control 3 (42)Register 6 (0x06): Global Control 4 (42)Register 7 (0x07): Global Control 5 (43)Register 8 (0x08): Global Control 6 (43)Register 9 (0x09): Global Control 7 (43)Register 10 (0x0A): Global Control 8 (43)Register 11 (0x0B): Global Control 9 (43)Port Registers (44)Register 16 (0x10):Port 1 Control 0 (44)Register 17 (0x11):Port 1 Control 1 (44)Register 18 (0x12):Port 1 Control 2 (45)Register 19 (0x13):Port 1 Control 3 (46)Register 20 (0x14):Port 1 Control 4 (46)Register 21 (0x15):Port 1 Control 5 (46)Register 22 (0x16):Port 1 Control 6 (46)Register 23 (0x17):Port 1 Control 7 (46)Register 24 (0x18):Port 1 Control 8 (47)Register 25 (0x19):Port 1 Control 9 (47)Register 26 (0x1A):Port 1 Control 10 (47)Register 27 (0x1B):Port 1 Control 11 (47)Register 28 (0x1C):Port 1 Control 12 (48)Register 29 (0x1D):Port 1 Control 13 (49)Register 30 (0x1E):Port 1 Status 0 (49)Register 31 (0x1F):Port 1 Status 1 (50)Advanced Control Registers (50)Register 96 (0x60):TOS Priority Control Register 0 (50)Register 97 (0x61):TOS Priority Control Register 1 (50)Register 98 (0x62):TOS Priority Control Register 2 (50)Register 99 (0x63):TOS Priority Control Register 3 (50)Register 100 (0x64):TOS Priority Control Register 4 (50)Register 101 (0x65):TOS Priority Control Register 5 (50)Register 102 (0x66):TOS Priority Control Register 6 (50)Register 103 (0x67):TOS Priority Control Register 7 (50)Register 104 (0x68):MAC Address Register 0 (50)Register 105 (0x69):MAC Address Register 1 (50)Register 106 (0x6A):MAC Address Register 2 (50)Register 107 (0x6B):MAC Address Register 3 (50)Register 108 (0x6C):MAC Address Register 4 (50)Register 109 (0X6D):MAC Address Register 5 (50)Register 110 (0x6E):Indirect Access Control 0 (51)Register 111 (0x6F):Indirect Access Control 1 (51)Register 112 (0x70):Indirect Data Register 8 (51)Register 113 (0x71):Indirect Data Register 7 (51)Register 114 (0x72):Indirect Data Register 6 (51)Register 115 (0x73):Indirect Data Register 5 (51)Register 116 (0x74):Indirect Data Register 4 (51)Register 117 (0x75):Indirect Data Register 3 (51)Register 118 (0x76):Indirect Data Register 2 (51)Register 119 (0x77):Indirect Data Register 1 (51)Register 120 (0x78):Indirect Data Register 0 (51)Register 121 (0x79):Digital Testing Status 0 (51)Register 122 (0x7A):Digital Testing Status 1 (51)Register 123 (0x7B):Digital Testing Control 0 (51)Register 124 (0x7C):Digital Testing Control 1 (51)Register 125 (0x7D):Analog Testing Control 0 (51)Register 126 (0x7E):Analog Testing Control 1 (52)Register 127 (0x7F):Analog Testing Status (52)Static MAC Address (53)VLAN Address (55)Dynamic MAC Address (56)MIB Counters (57)MIIM Registers (60)Register 0: MII Control (60)Register 1: MII Status (61)Register 2: PHYID HIGH (61)Register 3: PHYID LOW (61)Register 4: Advertisement Ability (61)Register 5: Link Partner Ability (62)Absolute Maximum Ratings (63)Operating Ratings (63)Electrical Characteristics (63)Timing Diagrams (65)Selection of Isolation Transformers (72)Qualified Magnetic Lists (72)Package Information (73)System Level Applications4-port LAN1-portWAN I/FFigure 1.Broadband Gateway4-port LANFigure 2.Integrated Broadband Router5-port LANFigure 3.Standalone SwitchPin Description (by Number)Pin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function1TEST1NC NC for normal operation. Factory test pin.2GNDA Gnd Analog ground3VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DD4RXP1I1Physical receive signal + (differential)5RXM1I1Physical receive signal - (differential)6GNDA Gnd Analog ground7TXM1O1Physical transmit signal - (differential)8TXP1O1Physical transmit signal + (differential)9VDDAT P 2.5V analog V DD10RXP2I2Physical receive signal + (differential)11RXM2I2Physical receive signal - (differential)12GNDA Gnd Analog ground13TXM2O2Physical transmit signal - (differential)14TXP2O2Physical transmit signal + (differential)15VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DD16GNDA Gnd Analog ground17ISET Set physical transmit output current. Pull-down with a 3.01kΩ 1%resistor.18VDDAT P 2.5V analog V DD19RXP3I3Physical receive signal + (differential)20RXM3I3Physical receive signal - (differential)21GNDA Gnd Analog ground22TXM3O3Physical transmit signal - (differential)23TXP3O3Physical transmit signal + (differential)24VDDAT P 2.5V analog V DD25RXP4I4Physical receive signal + (differential)26RXM4I4Physical receive signal - (differential)27GNDA Gnd Analog ground28TXM4O4Physical transmit signal - (differential)29TXP4O4Physical transmit signal + (differential)30GNDA Gnd Analog ground31VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DDNote:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function32RXP5I5Physical receive signal + (differential)33RXM5I5Physical receive signal - (differential)34GNDA Gnd Analog ground35TXM5O5Physical transmit signal - (differential)36TXP5O5Physical transmit signal + (differential)37VDDAT P 2.5V analog V DD38FXSD5I5Fiber signal detect/factory test pin39FXSD4I4Fiber signal detect/factory test pin40GNDA Gnd Analog ground41VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DD42GNDA Gnd Analog ground43VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DD44GNDA Gnd Analog ground45MUX1NC MUX1 and MUX2 should be left unconnected for normal operation.46MUX2NC They are factory test pins.Mode Mux1Mux2Normal Operation NC NCRemote Analog Loopback Mode for Testing only01Reserved10Power Save Mode for Testing only11 47PWRDN_N Ipu Full-chip power down. Active low.48RESERVE NC Reserved pin. No connect.49GNDD Gnd Digital ground50VDDC P 1.8V digital core V DD51PMTXEN Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit enable52PMTXD3Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit bit 353PMTXD2Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit bit 254PMTXD1Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit bit 155PMTXD0Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit bit 056PMTXER Ipd5PHY[5] MII transmit error57PMTXC O5PHY[5] MII transmit clock. PHY mode MII.58GNDD Gnd Digital groundNote:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function59VDDIO P 3.3/2.5V digital V DD for digital I/O circuitry60PMRXC O5PHY[5] MII receive clock. PHY mode MII61PMRXDV Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive data valid62PMRXD3Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 3. Strap option:PD (default) = enable flowcontrol; PU = disable flow control.63PMRXD2Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 2. Strap option:PD (default) = disable backpressure; PU = enable back pressure.64PMRXD1Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 1. Strap option:PD (default) = drop excessivecollision packets; PU = does not drop excessive collision packets.65PMRXD0Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 0. Strap option: PD (default) = disableaggressive back-off algorithm in half-duplex mode; PU = enable forperformance enhancement.66PMRXER Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive error. Strap option:PD (default) = 1522/1518 bytes;PU = packet size up to 1536 bytes.67PCRS Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII carrier sense/Force duplex mode. See “Register 76” forport 4 only. PD (default) = Force half-duplex if auto-negotiation isdisabled or fails. PU = Force full-duplex if auto-negotiation is disabledor fails.68PCOL Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII collision detect/ Force flow control. See “Register 66” forport 4 only. PD (default) = No force flow control. PU = Force flowcontrol.69SMTXEN Ipd Switch MII transmit enable70SMTXD3Ipd Switch MII transmit bit 371SMTXD2Ipd Switch MII transmit bit 272SMTXD1Ipd Switch MII transmit bit 173SMTXD0Ipd Switch MII transmit bit 074SMTXER Ipd Switch MII transmit error75SMTXC I/O Switch MII transmit clock. Input in MAC mode, output in PHY mode MII.76GNDD Gnd Digital ground77VDDIO P 3.3/2.5V digital V DD for digital I/O circuitry78SMRXC I/O Switch MII receive clock. Input in MAC mode, output in PHY mode MII.79SMRXDV Ipd/O Switch MII receive data valid80SMRXD3Ipd/O Switch MII receive bit 3. Strap option: PD (default) = Disable Switch MIIfull-duplex flow control; PU = Enable Switch MII full-duplex flow control.81SMRXD2Ipd/O Switch MII receive bit 2. Strap option: PD (default) = Switch MII in full-duplex mode; PU = Switch MII in half-duplex mode.Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function82SMRXD1Ipd/O Switch MII receive bit 1. Strap option: PD (default) = Switch MII in100Mbps mode; PU = Switch MII in 10Mbps mode.83SMRXD0Ipd/O Switch MII receive bit 0; Strap option: LED ModePD (default) = Mode 0; PU = Mode 1. See “Register 11.”Mode 0Mode 1LEDX_2Lnk/Act100Lnk/ActLEDX_1Fulld/Col10Lnk/ActLEDX_0Speed Fulld 84SCOL Ipd/O Switch MII collision detect85SCRS Ipd/O Switch MII carrier sense86SCONF1Ipd Dual MII configuration pinPin# (91, 86, 87):Switch MII PHY [5] MII000Disable, Otri Disable, Otri001PHY Mode MII Disable, Otri010MAC Mode MII Disable, Otri011PHY Mode SNI Disable, Otri100Disable Disable101PHY Mode MII PHY Mode MII110MAC Mode MII PHY Mode MII111PHY Mode SNI PHY Mode MII 87SCONF0Ipd Dual MII configuration pin88GNDD Gnd Digital ground89VDDC P 1.8V digital core V DD90LED5-2Ipu/O5LED indicator 2. Strap option: Aging setup. See “Aging” sectionPU (default) = Aging Enable; PD = Aging disable.91LED5-1Ipu/O5LED indicator 1. Strap option: PU (default): enable PHY MII I/FPD:tristate all PHY MII output. See “pin# 86 SCONF1.”92LED5-0Ipu/O5LED indicator 093LED4-2Ipu/O4LED indicator 294LED4-1Ipu/O4LED indicator 195LED4-0Ipu/O4LED indicator 096LED3-2Ipu/O3LED indicator 297LED3-1Ipu/O3LED indicator 1Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function98LED3-0Ipu/O3LED indicator 099GNDD Gnd Digital ground100VDDIO P 3.3/2.5V digital V DD for digital I/O101LED2-2Ipu/O2LED indicator 2102LED2-1Ipu/O2LED indicator 1103LED2-0Ipu/O2LED indicator 0104LED1-2Ipu/O1LED indicator 2105LED1-1Ipu/O1LED indicator 1106LED1-0Ipu/O1LED indicator 0107MDC Ipu All Switch or PHY[5] MII management data clock108MDIO I/O All Switch or PHY[5] MII management data I/O.Features internal pull down to define pin state when not driven.109SPIQ Otri All(1) SPI serial data output in SPI slave mode; (2) Not used in I2C mastermode. See “pin# 113.”110SPIC/SCL I/O All(1) Input clock up to 5MHz in SPI slave mode; (2) Output clock at81KHz in I2C master mode. See “pin# 113.”111SPID/SDA I/O All(1) Serial data input in SPI slave mode; (2) Serial data input/output inI2C master mode See “pin# 113.”112SPIS_N Ipu All Active low. (1) SPI data transfer start in SPI slave mode. When SPIS_Nis high, the KS8995M is deselected and SPIQ is held in high impedancestate, a high-to-low transition to initiate the SPI data transfer; (2) Notused in I2C master mode.113PS1Ipd Serial bus configuration pinIf EEPROM is not present, the KS8995M will start itself with chipdefault (00)...Pin Config.Serial Bus ConfigurationPS[1:0]=00I2C Master Mode for EEPROMPS[1:0]=01ReservedPS[1:0]=10SPI Slave Mode for CPU InterfacePS[1:0]=11Factory Test Mode (BIST) 114PS0Ipd Serial bus configuration pin. See “pin# 113.”115RST_N Ipu Reset the KS8995M. Active low.116GNDD Gnd Digital ground117VDDC P 1.8V digital core V DD118TESTEN Ipd NC for normal operation. Factory test pin.Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function119SCANEN Ipd NC for normal operation. Factory test pin.120NC NC No Connect121X1I25MHz crystal clock connection/or 3.3V tolerant oscillator input.Oscillator should be ±100ppm.122X2O25MHz crystal clock connection123VDDAP P 1.8V analog V DD for PLL124GNDA Gnd Analog ground125VDDAR P 1.8V analog V DD126GNDA Gnd Analog ground127GNDA Gnd Analog ground128TEST2NC NC for normal operation. Factory test pin.Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Description (by Name)Pin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function39FXSD4I4Fiber signal detect/factory test pin.38FXSD5I5Fiber signal detect/factory test pin.124GNDA Gnd Analog ground42GNDA Gnd Analog ground44GNDA Gnd Analog ground2GNDA Gnd Analog ground16GNDA Gnd Analog ground30GNDA Gnd Analog ground6GNDA Gnd Analog ground12GNDA Gnd Analog ground21GNDA Gnd Analog ground27GNDA Gnd Analog ground34GNDA Gnd Analog ground40GNDA Gnd Analog ground120NC NC No connect127GNDA Gnd Analog ground126GNDA Gnd Analog ground49GNDD Gnd Digital ground88GNDD Gnd Digital ground116GNDD Gnd Digital ground58GNDD Gnd Digital ground76GNDD Gnd Digital ground99GNDD Gnd Digital ground17ISET Set physical transmit output current. Pull-down with a 3.01kΩ 1%resistor.106LED1-0Ipu/O1LED indicator 0105LED1-1Ipu/O1LED indicator 1104LED1-2Ipu/O1LED indicator 2103LED2-0Ipu/O2LED indicator 0102LED2-1Ipu/O2LED indicator 1101LED2-2Ipu/O2LED indicator 298LED3-0Ipu/O3LED indicator 0Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No ConnectPin Number Pin Name Type(1)Port Pin Function97LED3-1Ipu/O3LED indicator 196LED3-2Ipu/O3LED indicator 295LED4-0Ipu/O4LED indicator 094LED4-1Ipu/O4LED indicator 193LED4-2Ipu/O4LED indicator 292LED5-0Ipu/O5LED indicator 091LED5-1Ipu/O5LED indicator 1. Strap option:PU (default): enable PHY MII I/F.PD:tristate all PHY MII output. See “pin# 86 SCONF1.”90LED5-2Ipu/O5LED indicator 2. Strap option: Aging setup. See “Aging” section.(default) = Aging Enable;PD = Aging disable 107MDC Ipu All Switch or PHY[5] MII management data clock.108MDIO I/O All Switch or PHY[5] MII management data I/O.1TEST1NC NC for normal operation. Factory test pin.45MUX1NC MUX1 and MUX2 should be left unconnected for normal operation.46MUX2NC They are factory test pins.Mode Mux1Mux2Normal Operation NC NCRemote Analog Loopback Mode for Testing only01Reserved10Power Save Mode for Testing only11 68PCOL Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII collision detect/Force flow control. See “Register 18.”For port 4 only. PD (default) = No force flow control. PU = Force flowcontrol.67PCRS Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII carrier sense/Force duplex mode See “Register 28.”For port 4 only. PD (default) = Force half-duplex if auto-negotiation isdisabled or fails. PU = Force full-duplex if auto-negotiation is disabledor fails.60PMRXC O5PHY[5] MII receive clock. PHY mode MII.65PMRXD0Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 0. Strap option: PD (default) = disableaggressive back-off algorithm in half-duplex mode; PU = enable forperformance enhancement.64PMRXD1Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 1. Strap option: PD (default) = drop excessivecollision packets; PU = does not drop excessive collision packets.63PMRXD2Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 2. Strap option: PD (default) = disable backpressure; PU = enable back pressure.62PMRXD3Ipd/O5PHY[5] MII receive bit 3. Strap option: PD (default) = enable flowcontrol; PU = disable flow control.Note:1.P = Power supplyI = InputO = OutputI/O = Bi-directionalGnd = GroundIpu = Input w/ internal pull-upIpd = Input w/ internal pull-downIpd/O = Input w/ internal pull-down during reset, output pin otherwiseIpu/O = Input w/ internal pull-up during reset, output pin otherwisePU = Strap pin pull-upPD = Strap pin pull-downOtri = Output tristatedNC = No Connect。
it面试题库及答案
it面试题库及答案IntroductionWith the rapid development of information technology, the demand for IT professionals has been increasing. As a result, IT interviews have become a crucial step in the hiring process. To succeed in an IT interview, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of commonly asked questions and well-prepared answers. This article aims to provide a detailed IT interview question bank along with sample answers.1. Technical Questions1.1 Programming Languages1.1.1 What is the difference between Java and Python?Java and Python are both popular programming languages but differ in various aspects. Java is a compiled language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), while Python is an interpreted language. Java is mainly used for enterprise-level applications, while Python is known for its simplicity and readability. Additionally, Java requires explicit declaration of data types, while Python uses dynamic typing.1.1.2 What is object-oriented programming?Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects that represent real-world entities. It emphasizes the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. OOP allows for modular and reusable code, making it easier to maintain and expand software systems.1.2 Database Management1.2.1 What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?SQL (Structured Query Language) databases are relational databases that store and manage structured data in tables with predefined schemas. They are suitable for complex queries and transactions. NoSQL (Not only SQL) databases, on the other hand, are non-relational databases designed for handling large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data. They provide flexible schemas and horizontal scalability.1.2.2 What is ACID in database management?ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties that ensure reliability and consistency in database transactions. Atomicity guarantees that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work, either fully completed or fully rolled back if any part fails. Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after a transaction. Isolation prevents interference from concurrent transactions, and Durability guarantees that once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanent.2. Behavioral Questions2.1 Problem-Solving2.1.1 Describe a challenging technical problem you encountered and how you resolved it.2.1.2 Give an example of a time when you had to work under pressure to meet a tight deadline. How did you handle it?2.2 Communication Skills2.2.1 Explain a complex technical concept to someone without a technical background.2.2.2 Describe a situation where you had to communicate and collaborate with a team to solve a problem.3. Sample Answers1.1.1 Java and Python differ in their execution models and use cases. Java is a compiled language that runs on the JVM, allowing for high performance and platform independence. It is commonly used for building enterprise-level applications. In contrast, Python is an interpreted language known for its simplicity and readability. It is widely adopted in web development, scientific computing, and data analysis due to its ease of use and extensive library support.1.1.2 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a software development paradigm that focuses on modular and reusable code. It organizes software design around objects, which are instances of classes representing real-world entities. OOP emphasizes encapsulation, where data and methods are bundled together within objects. It also enables inheritance, allowing classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Polymorphism, another key concept in OOP, allows objects to take on many forms and exhibit different behaviors based on the context. OOP enhances code reusability, maintainability, and scalability.2.1.1 In my previous role, I encountered a challenging technical problem where a critical database server went down, causing a major disruption inour production environment. I promptly identified the root cause, which was a disk failure. To resolve the issue, I replaced the faulty disk and restored the database from the latest backup. However, to minimize the downtime, I implemented a backup server configuration and utilized a replication mechanism to keep the data synchronized. This solution ensured both data integrity and high availability.2.1.2 Working under pressure to meet tight deadlines is a common occurrence in the IT industry. In one instance, I received a project with an unexpectedly shortened timeline due to unexpected client requirements. To handle the situation, I immediately prioritized the tasks, focusing on critical components and breaking down the project into manageable subtasks. I communicated with the team, delegating responsibilities and ensuring everyone was aware of the new timeline. By working overtime, maintaining constant communication, and efficiently managing resources, we successfully met the deadline without compromising the quality of the deliverables.2.2.1 Complex technical concepts can be challenging to explain to non-technical individuals. To overcome this, I often use analogies and relatable examples to help them grasp the idea. For instance, when explaining encryption, I compare it to sending secret messages using a lock and key. I describe how encryption algorithms scramble data (message) using a key (like a lock), making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. Only someone with the correct key can decrypt (unlock) and access the original message. This simplifies the concept and allows non-technical individuals to understand the fundamentals of encryption.2.2.2 Collaboration and effective communication are vital in solving complex technical problems. In a recent project, our team encountered a challenging software bug that affected the system's stability. To overcome this, we organized regular meetings to discuss and share ideas. Each team member had a specialized area of expertise, so we collaborated closely, actively listening to each other's suggestions and insights. By pooling our knowledge and skills, we successfully identified the root cause and implemented a comprehensive solution. This experience highlighted the importance of teamwork and effective communication in problem-solving.ConclusionThe field of information technology is vast and evolving, and IT interviews are designed to evaluate candidates' technical knowledge, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. By familiarizing yourself with common IT interview questions and crafting thoughtful answers, you can increase your chances of success. Remember to adapt your answers based on your own experience and expertise. Good luck with your upcoming IT interviews!。
Y-Series 无缝电机安装说明书
Installation InstructionsY-Series Brushless Servo MotorCatalog Number Y-1002-1, Y-1002-2, Y-1003-1, Y-1003-2, Y-2006-1, Y-2006-2,Y-2012-1, Y-2012-2, and Y-3023-2These installation instructions describe how to install the Y-Series motors. Use this document if you are responsible for designing, installing, or troubleshooting the Allen-Bradley Y-Series motor products. Read all instructions before installing this motor.For: See Page Important User Information2 Receiving and Maintenance Information3Motor Catalog Number Identification3Before You Install the Motor4Using Couplings and Pulleys5Preventing Electrical Noise6Building and Installing Cables7Installing Your Motor8Guidelines for Installation9Mounting Dimensions10 Connector Data13Motor Load Force Ratings14Radial Load and Axial Load Force Ratings15Cables and Connector Kits152 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsImportant User InformationSolid state equipment has operational characteristics differing from those of electromechanical equipment. Safety Guidelines for the Application, Installation and Maintenance of Solid State Controls, publication SGI-1.1, is available from your local Rockwell Automation sales office or online at) describes some important differences between solid state equipment and hard-wired electromechanical devices. Because of this difference, and also because of the wide variety of uses for solid state equipment, all persons responsible for applying this equipment must satisfy themselves that each intended application of this equipment is acceptable.In no event will Rockwell Automation, Inc. be responsible or liable for indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or application of this equipment.The examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes. Because of the many variables and requirements associated with any particular installation, Rockwell Automation, Inc. cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams.No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation, Inc. with respect to use of information, circuits, equipment, or software described in this manual.Reproduction of the contents of this manual, in whole or in part, without written permission of Rockwell Automation, Inc., is prohibited.Throughout this manual, when necessary, we use notes to make you aware of safety considerations.Y-Series Motor Installation Instructions 3 Receiving and Maintenance InformationThe customer is responsible for inspecting the equipment before accepting the shipment from the freight company. Check the item(s) you receive against your purchase order.Maintain your motor within the following environmental conditions:•in a clean, dry location•within the operating temperature range, 0° to 40° C (32° to 104° F)•within the storage temperature range, -30° to 70° C (-22° to 158° F)•within the relative humidity range, 5% to 95% non-condensing •in an non-corrosive atmosphereMotor Catalog Number IdentificationY - 2006 - 2 H 00 AAFACTORY DESIGNATED OPTIONSAA StandardOPTIONS00Standard0424V dc BrakeOPTICAL ENCODER LINE COUNTH2000 StandardMOTOR WINDING Ke DESIGNATOR1115V ac2230V acFRAME SIZESERIES DESIGNATORY Light Industrial4 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsBefore You Install the MotorBefore installing or storing the motor:1. Remove the motor carefully from its shipping container.2. Visually inspect the motor for any damage.3. Examine the motor frame, front output shaft, and mounting pilotfor any defects.4. Notify the carrier of any shipping damage immediately.Do not open or attempt to open the motor.Only a qualified Allen-Bradley employee canservice this type of motorFailure to observe these safety procedures couldresult in the equipment being damaged.Y-Series Motor Installation Instructions 5 Using Couplings and PulleysMechanical connections to the motor shaft, such as couplings and pulleys, require a torsionally rigid coupling or a reinforced timing belt. The high dynamic performance of servo motors can cause couplings, pulleys or belts to loosen or slip over time. A loose or slipping connection will cause system instability and may damage the motor shaft. All connections between the system and the servo motor shaft must be rigid to achieve acceptable response from the system. Periodically inspect connections to verify their rigidity. When mounting couplings or pulleys to the motor shaft, ensure that the connections are properly aligned and that axial and radial loads are within the specifications of the motor. Refer to Motor Load Force Ratings on page 14 for guidelines on how to achieve 20,000 hours of motor bearing life.6 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsPreventing Electrical NoiseElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI), commonly called noise, may adversely impact motor performance by inducing stray signals. Effective techniques to counter EMI include filtering the AC power, shielding and separating signal carrying lines, and practicing good grounding techniques.Effective AC power filtering can be achieved by using isolated AC power transformers or properly installed AC line filters.To help avoid EMI:1. Physically separate signal lines from motor cabling and powerwiring. Do not route signal wires with motor and power wires, or over the vent openings of servo drives.2. Ground all equipment using a single-point parallel ground systemthat employs ground bus bars or large straps. If necessary, use additional electrical noise reduction techniques to reduce EMI in noisy environments.Y-Series Motor Installation Instructions 7 Building and Installing CablesKnowledgeable cable routing and careful cable construction improves system ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC).To build and install cables, perform the following steps:1. Keep wire lengths as short as physically possible.2. Route signal cables (encoder, serial, analog) away from motorand power wiring.3. Separate cables by 0.3 m (1 ft) minimum for every 9 m (30 ft) ofparallel run.4. Ground both ends of the encoder cable shield and twist the signalwire pairs to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other equipment.High voltage can be present on the shield of apower cable, if the shield is not grounded.Ensure there is a connection to ground for anypower cable shield.Failure to observe these safety procedures couldresult in personal injury or damage to equipment.8 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsInstalling Your MotorY-2006, Y-2012, and Y-3023 motors include a mounting pilot for aligning the motor on a machine. Preferred fasteners are stainless steel. The installation must comply with all local regulations and use of equipment and installation practices that promote electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and safety.Unmounted motors, disconnected mechanicalcouplings, and/or disconnected cables aredangerous if power is applied.Disassembled equipment should be appropriatelyidentified (tagged-out) and access to electricalpower restricted (locked-out).Failure to observe these safety procedures couldresult in personal injuryY-Series Motor Installation Instructions 9 Guidelines for InstallationObserve the following for installing the motor.1. Allow sufficient clearances in the area of the motor for it to staywithin its specified operating temperature range. Refer toReceiving and Maintenance Information on page 3 for operating range. Do not enclose the motor unless forced air is blown across the motor for cooling. A fan blowing air across the motor will improve its performance. Keep other heat producing devices away from the motor.2. Refer to Mounting Dimensions on page 10 to determine themounting dimensions of your motor.3. Place the motor with connectors pointing downward.4. Properly mount and align the motor.5. Attach all power and encoder cables after the motor is mountedand use a drip loop in the cable to keep liquids flowing away from the connectors.Outer surfaces of motor can reach hightemperatures, 100° C (212° F) during motoroperation.Take precautions to prevent accidental contact withhot surfaces. Consider motor surface temperaturewhen selecting motor mating connections andcables.Failure to observe these safety procedures couldresult in personal injury or damage to equipment.10 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsMounting DimensionsThe dimension symbols and actual dimensions of the different models in the Y-Series are referenced in a table on the next page. Figure 1Reference for Mounting DimensionsY-Series Motor Installation Instructions 11Publication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001Dimension 1 (Refer to drawing)Motor Y-1002 Y-1003 Y-2006 Y-2012 Y-3023 AB mm 3030414152(in.)(1.2)(1.2)(1.6)(1.6)(2.0)AH mm 2525303040(in.)(1.0)(1.0)(1.2)(1.2)(1.6)AJ mm 4646707090(in.)(1.8)(1.8)(2.8)(2.8)(3.5)AK mm 3030505070(in.)(1.2)(1.2)(2.0)(2.0)(2.8)BB mm 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0(in.)(0.10)(0.10)(0.12)(0.12)(0.12)BE mm 55668(in.)(0.2)(0.2)(0.24)(0.24)(0.3)BFmm 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.6(in.)(0.18)(0.18)(0.22)(0.22)(0.26)BP (3023 only)mm ————2(in.)————(0.8)EP (3023 only)mm ————19.5(in.)————(0.77)Lmm 708895.5123.5140(in.)(2.8)(3.5)(3.8)(4.9)(5.5)L with Brake mm 108.5126.5133.5161.5180.5(in.)(4.27)(4.98)(5.26)(6.36)(7.11)P mm 4040606080(in.)(1.6)(1.6)(2.4)(2.4)(3.1)Umm 88141416(in.)(0.3)(0.3)(0.5)(0.5)(0.6)12 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsPublication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001Shaft End Hole Thread mm ——M5 x 0.8M5 x 0.8M5 x 0.8Shaft End Hole Thread Depth mm ——121212(in.)——(0.5)(0.5)(0.5)TolerancesAH mm ±0.8±0.8±0.8±0.8±0.8(in.)(±0.315)(±0.315)(±0.315)(±0.315)(±0.315)AK mm -0.021-0.021-0.025-0.025-0.030(in.)(-0.0008)(-0.0008)(-0.0009)(-0.0009)(-0.0011)L mm ±1.0±1.0±1.0±1.0±1.0(in.)(±0.4)(±0.4)(±0.4)(±0.4)(±0.4)U mm -0.009-0.009-0.011-0.011-0.011(in.)(-0.0003)(-0.0003)(-0.0004)(-0.0004)(-0.0004)Cab le±100 mm (±4.0 in.)1Y-Series motors are designed to metric dimensions. Inch measurements are mathematical conversions.Dimension 1 (Refer to drawing)MotorY-1002 Y-1003 Y-2006 Y-2012 Y-3023Y-Series Motor Installation Instructions 13Publication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001Connector DataThe tables below list the signal descriptions for the encoder and power connector pins.Encoder Connector Power Connector Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 - 8, 25-28Open 1Phase R 1 9A+ 2Phase S 1 10A- 3Phase T 1 11B+4Open 12B- 5Ground 13I+ 6Open 14I- 7Brake+ 2 15HALL A+ 8Open 16HALL A- 9Brake- 217HALL B+ 1Cables and drives may label the R, S and T power phases as U, V and W respectively. 2Open on non-brake motors.18HALL B- 19HALL C+ 20HALL C- 21Open 22+5 VDC 23COM 1 24Shield 21+5V COM not connected to motor case ground. 2 Cable Shield connected to motor case ground. Power housing: AMP 206705-2Y-1002/Y-1003 contacts: AMP 66102-8 Y-2006/Y-2012 contacts: AMP 66098-8 Y-3023 contacts: AMP 66098-8Encoder housing: AMP 206152-1Encoder contacts: AMP 3-66507-0321456789121252826348914201514 Y-Series Motor Installation InstructionsMotor Load Force RatingsMotors are capable of operating with sustained maximum radial or maximum axial shaft loads. The measurement points for maximum radial and axial load forces are shown in the figure below.Figure 2Load Forces on ShaftRadial load force (FR) applied to shaft at 2AF/3.The following table represents load factors that provide a 20,000 hour L10 bearing fatigue life for Y-Series motors. These load factors do not account for possible application-specific life reduction factors that may occur, such as bearing grease contamination from external sources.Publication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001Y-Series Motor Installation Instructions 15 Radial Load and Axial Load Force RatingsMotor Maximum Radial (FR) Load Maximum Axial (F) Loadwith a Radial Loadkg (lb) kg (lb)Y-1002 10(22)3(6.6)Y-1003 10(22)3(6.6)Y-200620(44) 8(17.6)Y-201225(55)10(22.0)Y-302335 (77) 20(44.0)Cables and Connector KitsFactory manufactured cables are available in standard cable lengths. They can provide environmental sealing and shield termination. The following cables are for connecting the Y-Series motors.Catalog Number Description9106-0066Connector Kit(kit includes connector, pins and backshell forboth the power and encoder connectors)Publication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001Rockwell Automation SupportRockwell Automation provides technical information on the Web to assist you in using its products. At , you can find technical manuals, a knowledge base of FAQs, technical and application notes, sample code and links to software service packs, and a MySupport feature that you can customize to make the best use of these tools.For an additional level of technical phone support for installation, configuration and troubleshooting, we offer TechConnect support programs. For more information, contact your local distributor or Rockwell Automation representative, or visit .Installation AssistanceIf you experience a problem within the first 24 hours of installation, please review the information that's contained in this manual. You can also contact a special Customer Support number for initial help in getting your product up and running. United States 1.440.646.3434Monday – Friday, 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. ESTOutside United States Please contact your local Rockwell Automation representative for any technicalsupport issues.New Product Satisfaction ReturnRockwell Automation tests all of its products to ensure that they are fully operational when shipped from the manufacturing facility. However, if your product is not functioning and needs to be returned, follow these procedures. United States Contact your distributor. You must provide a Customer Support case number (call the phone number above to obtain one) to your distributor in order to complete the returnprocess.Outside United States Please contact your local Rockwell Automation representative for the returnprocedure.Allen-Bradley, Kinetix, Rockwell Automation, MP-Series, and TechConnect are trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc. Trademarks not belonging to Rockwell Automation are property of their respective companies.Publication 1398-IN518A-EN-P — January 2001 0013-1064-001 Rev B Supersedes Publication 1398-5.8 April 1999Copyright © Year Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.。
Accpac常见问题和答案
赛捷软件
目录
【Q1】 日终处理报错:Internal error. missing posting table entry(1408 POPORZ1.C) 或 Internal error. document total mismatch (1948 POPORZ1.C) ................................................. 4 【Q2】Accpac 在 64 位 Windows 下的 ODBC 设置要点...................................................... 4 【Q3】税金设置问题 .......................................................................................................... 5 【Q4】Win 7 家庭版 注册表 Program&ShareData 路径 .................................................... 5 【Q5】"Error=40962" when connecting to a database ......................................................... 6 【Q6】当升级 Sage Common desktop 组件时,系统管理或工作站不能安装。 ............... 6 【Q7】当您在打开公司帐套时报错:................................................................................ 6 【Q8】警告:Sage 目前不支持 Linux 上使用 Pervasive 10 服务器版! ............................ 7 【Q9】打印报表,出现如下报错信息框:Unable to load report ...................................... 7 【Q10】system error: can not create database profile ......................................................... 7 【Q11】在登陆 ACCPAC 时系统显示 119 错误 ................................................................... 8 【Q12】ERROR:LoadLibrary ................................................................................................. 9 【Q13】登录 ACCPAC,程序不响应 ................................................................................... 9 【Q14】在 GL--GL Reports-Trial Balance 如果出现借贷不平衡 ........................................... 9 【Q15】无法生成财务报表............................................................................................... 10 【Q16】Posting Journal 看不到过帐的批次 ...................................................................... 10 【Q17】segment code 的个数限制 ................................................................................... 10 【Q18】GL 和 AP、AR 的数字是否一致............................................................................ 10 【Q19】原币为 0 重估后有值 ........................................................................................... 11 【Q20】CSVI.C -Open-end quoted string ............................................................................ 11 【Q21】总帐过帐,批次状态变成 Post in progress.......................................................... 13 【Q22】IC 日终处理,Internal error. Cannot read OESHCD (1146 OEPOSTI1.C). ............... 15 【Q23】Internal error. restart error 5 (732 PODEPR1.C) getting the above error while trying to post a PO Invoice. ........................................................................................................... 16 【Q24】在做日终处理时,有如下报错:nternal Error. Cstp xifo iloc mismatch error...... 16 【Q25】日终处理报错 cstp xIFO iloc mismatch error609 ICCSTP1.C) ................................. 16 【Q26】自选字段无法传递到总帐 ................................................................................... 18
2017年甘肃省高考英语试题及答案(Word版)
2017年甘肃省高考英语试题及答案(Word版)2017年甘肃省高考英语试题及答案(Word版)考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
AIn the coming months。
XXX’s plays in their own language。
in our Globe。
XXX for。
Please come and join us.nal Theatre of China Beijing | ChineseThis great n will be the nal Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK。
The company’s ns show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre。
This n of Shakespeare’s Richard III will bedirec ted by the nal’s Associate Director。
XXX.Date & Time: Saturday 28 April。
2.30pm & Sunday 29 April。
1.30pm & 6.30pmXXX | ianOne of the most XXX ia。
XXX。
founded in 1928.XXX all over the world。
This new n of As You Like It is helmed by the company’s Artistic Director。
Levan Tsuladze.Date and Time: Friday。
May 18 at 2:30 pm and Sunday。
DBA笔记F I
Fundamentals IChapter1Oracle Architectural Componentsshow sga;alter system set shared_pool_size=64M;alter system set DB_CACHE_SIZE=96M;alter system set large_pool_size=24Mdesc v$db_cache_adviceselect*from v$db_cache_advice;(displayed statistics)Chapter2Getting Started with the Oracle Server1、list the common database administration tools available to a DBAOracle Universal InstallerOracle Database Configuration AssistantPassword File UtilitySQL*PlusOracle Enterprise Manager2、SQL statementscolumn owner format a5;column table_name format a20;column tablespace_name format a15;select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where rownum<10;SQL>!rm$HOME/admin/pfile/orapw$ORACLE_SIDSQL>!orapwd file=$HOME/admin/pflie/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5SQL>!chmod660$HOME/admin/pfile/orapw$ORACLE_SIDChapter3Managing an Oracle Instance1、create spfile[='spflie-name']from pfile[='pfile-name']for examplecreate spflie='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilebbk.ora'from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initbbk.ora'; DefaultSQL>create spfile from pfile;SQL>create pflie from spflie;modifying parameters in spfileSQL>alter system set undo_tablespace=undo2;SQL>alter system set undo_tablespace=undo2scope=both;deleting or resetting valuesSQL>alter system reset undo_suppress_errors scope=both sid='*';alter system set parameter_name=parameter_value[comment'text'][scope=memory|spfile|both][sid='sid'|'*'] startup database filestartup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initbbk.orastartup spflie=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilebbk.orastartup[force][restrict][pfile=filename][open][recover][database][mount][nomount]alter database bbk mount;alter database bbk open read only;alter database{mount|open}alter database open[read write|read only]startup restrictalter system enable restricted session;shutdown[abort|immediate|transactional|normal]alter session set SQL_TRACE=trueChapter4Creating a Databaseorapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwU15password=admin entries=5set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive in initialization parameter fileadd user to the password fileassign appropriate privileges to each userSQL>grant sysdba to heli;Chapter5Using Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Viewsselect owner,object_name,object_type from dba_objects;select owner,object_name,object_type from all_objects;select object_name,object_type from user_objects;general overview:dictionary,dict_columnsshcema objects:dba_tables,dba_indexs,dba_tab_columns,dba_constraintsspace allocation:dba_segments,dba_extentsdatabase structure:dba_tablespaces,dba_data_filesdynamic performance examplesv$controlfile:Lists the names of the control filesv$database:Contains database information from the control filev$datafile:Contains data file information from the control filev$instance:Displays the state of the current instancev$parameter:Lists parameter and values currently in effect for the sessioonv$session:Lists session information for each current sessionv$sga:Contains summary information on the system global areav$spparameter:Lists the contents of the SPFILEv$tablespace:Displays tablespace information from the control filev$thread:Contains thread information from the control filev$version:Version numbers of core library components in the Oracle serverselect*from v$fixed_table;7、list of the data dictionary viewsselect table_name from dictionary;8、identify the database name,instance name and size of the database blocksselect name from v$database;select instance from v$thread;select value from v$parameter where name='db_block_size';9、list the name and size the data files,online redo log files,and the name of the control files select name from v$datafile;select member from v$logfile;select name from v$controlfile;10、identify the data file that makes up the system tablespaceselect file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='SYSTEM';11、free space and used spaceselect sum(bytes)/1024"free space in KB"from dba_free_space;select sum(bytes)/1024"used space in KB"from dba_segments;12、list the name and creation date of the database usersselect username,created from dba_users;Chapter6Maintaining the Control Filemultiplexing the control file when using spfilealter system setcontrol_files='$HOME/oracdata/u01/control01.ctl','$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctl'scope=spfile;shutdown immediatecp$HOME/oradata/u01/control01.ctl$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlstartup;multiplexing the contril file when using pfileshutdown immediatecp$HOME/oradata/u01/control01.ctl$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlcontrol_files=$HMOE/oradata/u01/control01.ctl,$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlFor exampleSQL>alter system set control_files='/u010g/oradata/bbk/control01.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control02.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control03.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctl' scope=spfile;SQL>shutdown immediateSQL>!cp/u010g/oradata/bbk/control03.ctl/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctlSQL>!chmod660/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctlSQL>startup;SQL>select*from v$controlfile;4、inital sizing of the data file section in control fileSQL>select records_total from v$controlfile_record_section where type='DATAFILE';Chapter7Maintaining Online Redo Log Files1、forcing a log switchalter system switch logfileSQL>select group#,thread#,sequence#,status from v$log;SQL>select group#,members,archived,status from v$log;SQL>select tablespace_name,contents,extent_management from dba_tablespaces;checkpoint can be forced by:setting fast_start_mttr_target parameterFAST_START_MTTR_TARGET=600alter system checkpoint commandalter system checkpoint;2、add log groupalter database add logfile group3('$HOME/oradata/u01/log03a.rdo','$HOME/oradata/u02/log3b.rdo')size2M;3、adding online redo log file membersalter database add logfile member'$HOME/oradata/u04/log1c.rdo'TO GROUP1,'$HOME/oradata/u04/log2c.rdo'TO GROUP2,'$HOME/oradata/u04/log3c.rdo'TO GROUP3;4、dropping online redo log file groupsalter database drop logfile group3;5、dropping online redo log file membersalter database drop logfile member'$HOME/oradata/u04/log3c.rdo';6、alter database rename file command(1)SQL>shutdown immediate(2)copy the online redo log files to the new location(3)startup the database and mount,but do not open itSQL>connect/as sysdbaSQL>startup mountSQL>alter database rename file'$HOME/oradata/u01/log2a.rdo'TO'$HOME/oradata/u02/log1c.rdo';SQL>alter database open;7、clearing online redo log filealter database clear logfile group2;alter database clear unarchived logfile group2;test3SQL>col group#format99SQL>col member format a40SQL>alter database add logfile member'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.log'to group1,SQL>'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo02b.log'to group2,SQL>'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03b.log'to group3;SQL>select*from v$logfile;test4alter database add logfile group4('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.log','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01.log')size51M;column group#format99column member format a40select*from v$logfile;select group#,members from v$log;test5SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>select group#,members from v$log;SQL>alter database drop logfile group4;SQL>!rm/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.rdoSQL>!rm/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo02b.rdotest6SQL>alter database add logfilegroup3('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03a.rdo','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03b.rdo')size51M,group4('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo04a.rdo','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo04b.rdo')size51M;SQL>select group#,status from v$log;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter database drop logfile group1,group2;SQL>select group#,bytes from v$log;Chapter8Managing Tablespaces and Data FilesSQL>select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes bytes_used,rgest,round(((a.bytes- b.bytes)/a.bytes)*100,2)percent_used from(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name)a,(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)bytes, max(bytes)largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name)b where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name order by((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes)DESC;configuring ASSMcreate tablespace data02datafile'/u01/oradata/data02.dbf'size5M extent management local uniform szie64K segment space mangement auto;create database dba01logfilegroup1('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo01.log')size100M,group2('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo02.log')size100M,group3('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo03.log')size100M,maxlogfiles5maxlogmembers5maxloghistory1maxdatafiles100maxinstances1datafiles'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf'size325Mundo tablespace undotbsdatafile'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/undotbs01.dbf'size200Mdefault temporary tablespace temptempfile'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/tem01.dbf'size50Mcharacter set US7ASCIIcreating a default temporary tablespacealter database default temporary tablespace default_temp2;To find the default temporary tablespace for the database query database_properties;select*from database_properties;alter tablespace userdata read only;Tablespaces that cannot be taken offline:system,tablespace tablespace with active undo segments,default temporary tablespace.alter tablespace userdata offline;alter tablespace userdata online;changing storage settingsalter tablespace userdata minimum extent2m;alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial2M next2M maxextents999);create tablespace userdata02datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'size5Mautoextend on next2M maxsize200M;alter database datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'autoextend on next2M;alter database datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'resize5M;alter tablespace userdata02add datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata03.dbf'szie5m;create tablespace user_data datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/user_data.dbf'size200M autoxtend onnext10M maxsize500M;select tablespace_name,file_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;methods for moving data filesalter tablespace:tablespace must be offline,target data file must existalter tablespace userdata rename datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata.dbf'to'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata01.dbf';alter database:database must be mounted,target data file must existalter database rename file'/u010g/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf'to'/u110g/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf';droping tablespaceYou cannot drop a tablespace if it:Is the system tablespacehas active segmentsincluding contents drops the segmentsincluding contents and datafiles deletes data filescascade constraints drops all referential integrity constraintsdrop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;Obtaining Tablespace Informationtablespace information:dba_tablespacev$tablespacedata file information:dba_data_filesv$datafiletemp file information:dba_temp_filesv$tempfileChapter9Storage Structure and Relationshipscreate tablespace data02datafile'/u01/oradata/data02.dbf'size5M extent management local uniform size64k segment space management auto;obtaining storage information:dba_extents:dba_segments:dba_tablespaces:dba_data_files:dba_free_spaceSQL>select segment_name,tablespace_name,extents,blocks from dba_segments;SQL>select extent_id,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents;SQL>select tablespace_name,count(*),max(blocks),sum(blocks)from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;test1create table emp(empno number(4),ename varchar2(30),job varchar2(9),mgr number(4),hiredate date,sal number(7,2),comm number(7,2),deptno number(2))tablespace data01storage(initial100knext100kpctincrease0minextents8maxextents10);create table fragment1(a number)tablespace data01storage(initial10K);create table dept(deptno number,dname varchar2(15),loc varchar2(20))tablespace data01storage(initial50k next50k);create table frament2(a number)tablespace data01storage(initial8k);create table big_emp(emp number(4),ename varchar2(30))tablespace data01storage(initial1Mnext1M maxextents10);create index i_e_empno on emp(ename)tablespace indx01storage(initial50K next50K);drop table fragment1;drop table fragment2;test2select distinct segment_type from dba_segments;test3column segment_name format a20column segment_type format a15select segment_name,segment_type,max_extents,extents from dba_segments where extents+5>max_extents and segment_type<>'cache'; test4select distinct f.file_name from dba_extents e,dba_data_file f where e.segment_name='EMP'and e.file_id=f.file_id;test6select tablespace_name,count(*)as fragments,sum(bytes)as total,max(bytes)as largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; test7select s.segment_name,s.segment_type,s.tablespace_name,s.next_extent from dba_segments s wherenot exists(select1from dba_free_space f where s.tablespace_name=f.tablespace_name having max(f.types)>s.next_extent);Chapter10Managing Undo Data:dba_rollback_segs:v$rollname:v$rollstatv$undostatv$sessionv$transactionSQL>select segment_name,owner,tablespace_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;SQL>select ,s.extents,s.rssize,s.hwmsize,s.xacts,s.status from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n=n;SQL>select ername,t.xidusn,t.ubafil,t.ubablk,ed_ublk from v$session s,v$transaction t where s.saddr=t.ses_addr;SQL>select max(undoblks/((end_time-begin_time)*24*3600))from v$undostat;SQL>select sum(undoblks)/sum((end_time-begin_time)*24*3600)from v$undostat;SQL>select to_char(begin_time,'hh24:mi:ss')begin_time,to_char(end_time,'hh24:mi:ss')end_time,undoblks from v$undostat where rownum<4;test1list the undo segments in tablespace undotbsSQL>select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS';test2create undo tablespace undo02datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/undo02.dbf'size15M;select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDO02';test4and5SQL>alter system set undo_tablespace='undo02'scope=both;SQL>drop tablespace undotbs1including contents and datafiles;test6SQL>select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS';SQL>select n,,b.status from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b where in(select segment_name from dba_segments where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS')and n=n;test9SQL>alter system set undo_retention=0scope=memory;SQL>drop tablespace undotbs including contents and datafiles;(tablespace dropped)Chapter11Managing Tablesselect rowid,id,name from t;create tablespace assm datafile'u01/oradata/denver/assm_1.dbf'size100M extent management local uniform size128K segment space management auto;create tablespace mssm datafile'u01/oradata/denver/mssm_1.dbf'size100M extent management local uniform size128K segment space management manual;create user as1identified by as1default tablespace assm;create user ms1identified by ms1default tablespace mssm;grant connect,resource to as1;grant connext,resource to ms1;sqlplus as1/as1SQL>show userSQL>desc user_segment;SQL>col segment_name format a30;SQL>select segment_name,segment_type from user_segments;SQL>create table t(id int,name char(10))storage(initial128k next128k pctincrease0minextents1maxextents5)tablespace assm; SQL>select segment_name,segment_type from user_segments;temporary tablesessionSQL>create global temporary table tmp_session on commit preserve rows as select*from t where1=0;transactionSQL>create global temporary table tmp_transaction on commit delete rows as select*from t where1=0;SQL>insert into t values(0,'name');SQL>insert into t values(1,'name');SQL>insert into tmp_session select*from t;SQL>insert into tmp_transaction select*from t;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_session;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_transaction;SQL>commit;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_session;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_transaction;Setting PCTFREE&PCTUSEDcompute PCTFREE(average row size-initial row size)*100/average row sziecompute PCTUSED100-PCTFREE-(average row size*100)/available data spacelookup create table all informaionSQL>select dbms_metadata.get_addl('TABLE','tablename','schema')from dual;SQL>alter table t move tablespace mssm;SQL>alter table t drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint1000;SQL>alter table t set unused column name cascade constraints;SQL>alter table t drop unused column;SQL>select segment_name,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE'; SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';SQL>alter table orders allocate extent;SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';SQL>truncate table orders reuse storage;SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';Chapter12Managing IndexesSQL>create table t(id int,sex char(1),name char(10));SQL>desc user_objects;SQL>col object_name format a20SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>beginfor i in1..1000loopinsert into t values(i,'M','zhangsan');end loop;commit;end;/SQL>create index t_idx1on t(id);SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>create index t_idex2on t(sex,name);SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>create bitmap index my_bit_idx on t(sex);SQL>alter index orders_region_id_idx rebuild tablespace index02;SQL>alter index orders_id_idx rebuild online;SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>alter index t_idx1rebulid;SQL>alter index t_idx1rebulid online;SQL>alter index orders_id_idx coalesce;analyze indexSQL>analyze table t1compute statistics for table;SQL>analyze table t2compute statistics for all columns;SQL>analyze table t3compute statistics for all indexed columns;SQL>analyze table t4compute statistics;analyze TABLE a COMPUTE statistics FOR TABLE;对表做统计分析,仅仅影响all_tables中的相关数据analyze TABLE b COMPUTE statistics FOR ALL indexed columns;对索引列做统计分析,仅仅影响all_tab_columns中索引列相关数据。
命令大全
logoff.exe -> log current user off. 註銷用戶lpq.exe -> displays status of a remote lpd queue 顯示遠端的lpd打印隊列的狀態,顯示被送到基於unix的服務器的打印任務lpr.exe -> send a print job to a network printer. 重定向打印任務到網絡中的打印機。
通常用於unix客戶打印機將打印任務發送給連接了打印設備的nt的打印機服務器。
lsass.exe -> lsa executable and server dll 運行lsa和server的dll lserver.exe -> specifies the new dns domain for the default server 指定默認server新的dns域os2.exe -> an os/2 warp server (os2 /o) os/2os2srv.exe -> an os/2 warp server os/2os2ss.exe -> an os/2 warp server os/2osk.exe -> on screen keyboard 屏幕鍵盤packager.exe -> windows 2000 packager manager 對像包裝程序pathping.exe -> combination of ping and tracert 包含ping和tracert的程序pax.exe -> is a posix program and path names used as arguments must be specified in posix format. use "文件://c/users/default" instead of "c:/users/default."啟動便攜式存檔互換 (pax) 實用程序pentnt.exe -> used to check the pentium for the floating point division err or. 檢查pentium的浮點錯誤perfmon.exe -> starts windows performance monitor 性能監視器ping.exe -> packet internet groper 驗證與遠程計算機的連接posix.exe -> used for backward compatibility with unix 用於兼容unix print.exe -> cmd line used to print files 打印文本文件或顯示打印隊列的內容。
luainterface
LuaInterface:Scripting CLR with LuaFabio Mascarenhas1,Roberto Ierusalimschy11Departamento de Inform´a tica,PUC-RioRua Marquˆe s de S˜a o Vicente,225–22453-900Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brasilmascarenhas@,roberto@inf.puc-rio.brAbstract.In this paper we present LuaInterface,a library for scripting CLR with Lua. Common Language Runtime aims to provide interoperability among objects writtenin several different languages.LuaInterface is a library for the CLR that lets Lua script objectsin any language that runs in the CLR.It gives Lua the capabilities of a full CLS consumer.TheCommon Language Specification is a subset of the CLR with rules for language interoperability,and languages that can use CLS-compliant libraries are called CLS consumers.Applicationsmay also use LuaInterface to embed a Lua interpreter and use Lua as a language for configu-ration scripts or for extending the application.LuaInterface is part of the project forintegration of Lua into Common Language Infrastructure.1.IntroductionThe Framework aims to provide interoperability among several different languages through its Common Language Runtime(CLR)[13].The CLR specification is being turned into ISO and ECMA standards[14],and implementations for non-Windows platforms already exist[17,18].Visual Basic, JScript,C#,J#,and C++already have compilers for the CLR,written by Microsoft,and compilers for several other languages are under development[2].Lua is a scripting language designed for to be simple,portable,to have a small footprint,and to be easily embeddable into other languages[8,10].Scripting languages are often used for connecting components written in other languages to form applications(“glue”code).They are also used for building prototypes,and as languages for configurationfiles.The dynamic nature of these languages allows the use of components without previous declaration of types and without the need for a compilation phase. Nevertheless,they perform extensive type checking at runtime and provide detailed information in case of errors.The combination of these features can increase developer productivity by a factor of two or more [16].This work presents LuaInterface,a library for the CLR that allows Lua scripts to access the object model of the CLR,the Common Type System(CTS),turning Lua into a scripting language for components written in any language that runs in the CLR.LuaInterface is part of the project for integration of Lua into the CLR[9].LuaInterface provides all the capabilities of a full CLS consumer.The Common Language Spec-ification(CLS)is a subset of the CLR that establishes a set of rules to promote language interoperability. Compilers that generate code capable of using CLS-compliant libraries are called CLS -pilers that can produce new libraries or extend existing ones are called CLS extenders.A CLS consumer should be able to call any CLS-compliant method or delegate,even methods named after keywords of the language;to call distinct methods of a type with the same name and signature but from different interfaces; to instantiate any CLS-compliant type,including nested types;and to read and write any CLS-compliant property and access any CLS-compliant event[14,CLI Partition I Section7.2.2].With LuaInterface,Lua scripts can instantiate CTS types,access theirfields,and call their methods (both static and instance),all using the standard Lua syntax.CLR applications can run Lua code,acess Lua data,call Lua functions,and register CLR methods as functions.Applications can use Lua as a language for their configuration scripts or as an embedded scripting language,and Lua cripts can glue together different components.Besides these consumer facilities there is also a limited support for dynamically creating new CTS types,but it will not be covered in this paper.Lua is dynamically typed,so it needs no type declarations to instantiate or use CLR objects.It checks at runtime the correctness of each instantiation,field access,or method call.LuaInterface makes extensive use of the reflexive features of the CLR,without the need of preprocessing or creating stubs for each object that needs to be accessed.Its implementation required no changes to the Lua interpreter: the interpreter is compiled to an unmanaged dynamic linked library and the CLR interfaces with it using P/Invoke.The rest of this paper is structured as follows:Section2shows how applications can use LuaIn-terface and the methods it exposes,with examples.Section3describes particular issues of the implemen-tation,with basic performance measurements.Section4presents some related work and comments on their strengths and drawbacks relative to LuaInterface,and Section5presents some conclusions and future developments.2.Interfacing Lua and the CLRAs an embeddable language,Lua has an API that lets an application instantiate a Lua interpreter,run Lua code,exchange data between the application and the interpreter,call Lua functions,and register functions so they can be called from Lua[11].LuaInterface wraps this API into a class named Lua,which provides methods to execute Lua code,to read and write global variables,and to register CLR methods as Lua functions.Auxiliary classes provide methods to access Lua tables’(associative arrays)fields and to call Lua functions.LuaInterface also has the capabilities of a full CLS consumer,so Lua code can instantiate CLR objects and access their their properties and methods.Functions arefirst-class values in Lua,so Lua objects are just tables,and functions stored infields are their methods.By convention,these functions receive afirst argument called self that holds a reference to the table.There is syntactic sugar for accessingfields and methods.The dot(.)operator is used forfields,with obj.field="foo"meaning obj["field"]="foo",for example.The colon (:)operator is used to call methods.A method call like obj:foo(arg1,arg2)is syntactic sugar for obj["foo"](obj,arg1,arg2),that is,the object goes as thefirst argument to the call.2.1.The API wrapperApplications start a new Lua interpreter by instantiating an object of class Lua.Multiple instances may be created,and they are completely independent.Methods DoFile and DoString execute a Lua source file and a Lua chunk,respectively.Access to global variables is through the class indexer,indexed by vari-able name.The indexer returns Lua values with the equivalent CTS value type:nil as null,numbers as System.Double(the Lua interpreter uses doubles to represent all numbers),strings as System.String, and booleans as System.Boolean.The following C#code shows the usage of these methods: //Start a new Lua interpreterLua lua=new Lua();//Run Lua chunkslua.DoString("num=2");//create global variable’num’lua.DoString("str=’a string’");//Read global variables’num’and’str’double num=(double)lua["num"];string str=(string)lua["str"];//Write to global variable’str’lua["str"]="another string";The indexer returns Lua tables as LuaTable objects,which have their own indexers to read and write tablefields,indexed by name or by numbers(arrays in Lua are just tables indexed by numbers).They work just like the indexers in class Lua.Lua functions are returned as LuaFunction objects.Their call method calls the corresponding function and returns an array with the function’s return values.LuaInterface converts CLR values passed to Lua(either as a global or as an argument to a function) into the appropriate Lua types:numeric values to Lua numbers,strings to Lua strings,booleans to Lua booleans,null to nil,LuaTable objects to the wrapped table,and LuaFunction objects to the wrapped function.2.2.Loading CTS types and instantiating objectsScripts need a type reference to instantiate new objects.They need two functions to get a type reference. First they should use load assembly,which loads the specified assembly,making its types available to be imported as type references.Then they should use import type,which searches the loaded assemblies for the specified type and returns a reference to it.The following excerpt shows how these functions work.load_assembly("System.Windows.Forms")load_assembly("System.Drawing")Form=import_type("System.Windows.Forms.Form")Button=import_type("System.Windows.Forms.Button")Point=import_type("System.Drawing.Point")StartPosition=import_type("System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition")Notice how scripts can use import type to get type references for structures(Point)and enumerations(FormStartPosition),as well as classes.Scripts call static methods through type references,using the same syntax of Lua objects.For example,Form:GetAutoScaleSize(arg)calls the GetAutoScaleSize method of class Form. LuaInterface does lookup of static methods dynamically by the number and type of arguments.Scripts also read and write to staticfields and non-indexed properties through type references,also with the same syntax of Lua objects.For example,var=Form.ActiveForm assigns the value of the ActiveForm property of class Form to the variable var.LuaInterface treats enumeration values asfields of the corresponding enumeration type.LuaInteface converts arguments to the parameter type not the original Lua type.For example,a number passed to a C#method expecting a System.Int32value is converted to System.Int32,not to System.Double.LuaInterface coerces numerical strings into numbers,numbers into strings and Lua functions into delegates.The same conversions apply tofields and non-indexed properties,with values converted to thefield type or property type,respectively.To instantiate a new CTS object a script calls the respective type reference as a function.Thefirst constructor that matches the number and type of the parameters is used.The following example extends the previous example to show some of the discussed features:form1=Form()button1=Button()button2=Button()position=Point(10,10)start_position=StartPosition.CenterScreen2.3.Accessing other CTS typesOnly numeric values,strings,booleans,null,LuaTable instances and LuaFunction instances have a mapping to a basic Lua type that LuaInterface uses when passing them from the CLR to Lua.LuaIn-terface passes all other objects as references stored inside an userdata value(an userdata is a Lua type for application-specific data).Scripts read and write an object’sfields and non-indexed properties asfields of Lua objects,and call methods as methods Lua objects.To read and write indexed properties(including indexers)they must use their respective get and set methods(usually called get PropertyName and set PropertyName).The same considerations about method matching and type coercion that apply for accessing static members apply for accessing instance members.The following Lua code extends the previous examples to show how to access properties and methods:button1.Text="OK"button2.Text="Cancel"button1.Location=positionbutton2.Location=Point(button1.Left,button1.Height+button1.Top+10) form1.Controls:Add(button1)form1.Controls:Add(button2)form1.StartPosition=start_positionform1:ShowDialog()The three previous examples combined,when run,show a form with two buttons,on the center of the screen.Scripts can register Lua functions as event handlers by calling the event’s Add pseudo-method.The call takes a Lua function as the sole argument,and automatically converts this function to a Delegate instance with the appropriate signature.It also returns the created delegate,allowing deregistration through the event’s Remove pseudo-method.The following Lua code extends the previous examples to add event handlers to both buttons:function handle_mouseup(sender,args)print(sender:ToString().."MouseUp!")button1.MouseUp:Remove(handler1)endhandler1=button1.MouseUp:Add(handle_mouseup)handler2=button2.Click:Add(exit)--exit is a standard Lua function Scripts can also register and deregister handlers by calling the object’s add and remove methods for the event(usually called add EventName and remove EventName).LuaInterface passes any exception that occurs during execution of a CLR method to Lua as an error,with the exception object as the error message(Lua error messages are not restricted to strings).Lua has mechanisms for capturing and treating those errors.LuaInterface also provides a shortcut for indexing single-dimension arrays(either to get or set values),by indexing the array reference with a number,for example,arr[3].For multidimensional arrays scripts should use the methods of class Array instead.2.4.Additional full CLS consumer capabilitiesThe features already presented cover most uses of LuaInterface,and most of the capabilities of a full CLS consumer.The following paragraphs present the features that cover the rest of the needed capabilities.Lua offers only call-by-value parameters,so LuaInterface supports out and ref parameters using multiple return values(functions in Lua can return any number of values).LuaInterface returns the values of out and ref parameters after the method’s return value,in the order they appear in the method’s signature. The method call should ommit out parameters.The standard method selection of LuaInterface uses thefirst method that matches the number and type of the call’s arguments,so some methods of an object may never be selected.For those cases, LuaInterface provides the function get method bysig.It takes an object or type reference,the method name,and a list of type references corresponding to the method parameters.It returns a function that,when called,executes the desired method.If it is an instance method thefirst argument to the call must be the receiver of the method.Scripts can also use get method bysig to call instance methods of the CLR numeric and string types.There is also a get constructor bysig function that does the same thingfor constructors.It takes as parameters a type reference that will be searched for the constructor and zero or more type references,one for each parameter.It returns a function that,when called,instantiates an objectof the desired type with the matching constructor.If a script wants to call a method with a Lua keyword as its name the obj:method(...) syntax cannot be used.For a method named function,for example,the script should call it usingobj["function"](obj,...).To call distinct methods with the same name and signature,but belonging to different interfaces, scripts can prefix the method name with the interface name.If the method is called foo,for example,andits interface is IFoo,the method call should be obj["IFoo.foo"](obj,...).Finally,to get a reference to a nested type a script can call import type with the nested type’s name following the containing type’s name,like in import_type("ContainingType+NestedType").3.Implementation of LuaInterfaceWe wrote LuaInterface mostly in C#,with a tiny(less than30lines)stub in C.The current version uses Lua version5.0.The C#code is platform-neutral,but the stub must be changed depending on the standard calling convention used by the CLR on a specific platform.The implementation assumes the existence of a DLL or shared library named lua.dll containing the implementation of the Lua API plus the stub code, and a library named lualib.dll containing the implementation of the Lua library API.3.1.Wrapping the Lua APILuaInterface accesses the Lua API functions through Platform/Invoke(P/Invoke for short),the CLR’s native code interface.Access is straightforward,with each function exported by the Lua libraries correspondingto a static method in LuaInterface’s C#code.For example,the following C prototype:void lua_pushstring(lua_State*L,const char*s);when translated to C#is:static extern void lua_pushstring(IntPtr L,string s);P/Invoke automatically marshalls basic types from the CLR to C.It marshalls delegates as function pointers,so passing methods to Lua is almost straightforward,for care must be taken so the CLR garbage collector will not collect the delegates.In Windows there is also a conflict of function calling conventions. The C compilers use CDECL calling convention by default(caller cleans the stack)while the Microsoft.NET compilers use STDCALL as default(callee cleans the stack),so we wrote a tiny stub C stub which exports a function that receives an explicit STDCALL function pointer and passes it to the Lua interpreter wrapped inside a CDECL function.Implementing the Lua wrapper class and its methods that deal with Lua standard types was easy once the Lua API was fully available to C#programs.The API has functions to convert Lua numbers to Cdoubles and C doubles to Lua numbers.It also has functions to convert Lua strings to C strings(char*)and C strings to Lua strings,and functions to convert Lua booleans to C booleans(integers)and C booleans to Lua booleans.The Lua class’indexer just calls these functions when numbers,strings and booleans are involved.The indexer returns tables and functions as LuaTable and LuaFunction instances,respec-tively,containing a Lua reference(an integer),and CLR applications access or call them through the ap-propriate API functions.When the CLR garbage collector collects the instances LuaInterface removes their Lua references so the interpreter may collect them.3.2.Passing CLR objects to LuaLua has a data type called userdata that lets an application pass arbitrary data to the interpreter and later retrieve it.When an application creates a new userdata the intrepreter allocates space for it and returns a pointer to the allocated space.The application can attach functions to an userdata to be called when it is garbage-collected,indexed as a table,called as a function,or compared to other values.When LuaInterface needs to pass a CLR object to Lua it stores the object inside a list(to keep the CLR from collecting it),creates a new userdata,stores the index(in the list)of the object inside this userdata, and passes the userdata instead.A reference to the userdata is also stored,with the same index,inside a Lua table.This table is used if the object was already passed earlier,to reuse the already created userdata instead of creating another one(avoiding aliasing).This table stores weak references so the interpreter can eventually collect the userdata.When the interpreter collects it the original object must be removed from the list.This is done by the userdata’sfinalizer function.ing CLR objects from LuaWhen a script calls a CLR method,such as obj:foo(arg1,arg2),the Lua interpreterfirst converts the call to obj["foo"](arg1,arg2),which is an indexing operation(obj["foo"])followed by a call to the value returned by it.The indexing operation for CLR objects is implemented by a Lua function.It checks if the method is already in the object type’s method cache.If it is not,the function calls a C#function which returns a delegate to represent the method and stores it in the object type’s method cache.When the interpreter calls the delegate for a method itfirst checks another cache to see if this method has been called before.This cache stores the MethodBase object representing the method(or one of its overloaded versions),along with a pre-allocated array of arguments,an array of functions to get the arguments’values from Lua with the correct types,and an array with the positions of out and ref parameters (so the delegate can return their values).If there is a method in the cache the delegate tries this methodfirst. If the cache is empty or the call fails due to a wrong signature,the delegate checks all overloaded versions of the method one by one tofind a match.If itfinds one it stores the method in the cache and calls it, otherwise it throws an exception.To readfields LuaInterface uses the same C#function that returns the method delegate,but now it returns the value of thefield.Non-indexed properties and events use this same technique,but events return an object used for registration/deregistration of event handlers.This object implements the event’s Add and Remove pseudo-methods.LuaInterface uses another C#function to treat assignment tofields and non-indexed properties.It retrieves the object from the userdata,uses reflection to try tofind a property orfield with the given name and,if found,converts the assigned value to the property type orfield type and stores it.Type references returned by the import type function are instances of class Type,with their own assignment and indexing functions.They search for static members only,but otherwise work just like the assignment and indexing functions of normal object instances.When a script calls a type reference to instantiate a new object,LuaInterface calls a function which searches the type’s constructors for a matching one,instantiating an object of that type if itfinds a match.3.4.Performance of CLR method callsWe ran simple performance tests to gauge the overhead of calling a CLR method from a Lua script.On average the calls werefive times slower than calling the same method from C#using reflection(with MethodBase.Invoke).Most of the overhead is from P/Invoke:each P/Invoke call generates from ten to thirty CPU instructions plus what is needed for security checking and argument marshalling[15]. One call is needed for each argument of the method plus one for the receiver,one for the delegate,one for each returned value,and one call to get the number of arguments passed to the method.The rest of the overhead(afifth of the call’s time,approximately)is from Lua itself,as each method call is also a Lua function call which checks a Lua table(the method cache).Implementing this cache in C#just makes performance worse(by a factor of2.5),as three more P/Invoke calls are needed to get the receiver of the method,the method’s name and then returning the delegate.Removing the second level of caching so every method call needs to match the arguments against the method’s overloaded versions and their parameters worsens the performance by a factor of three.The naive implementation(no caching at all)is much worse(by about two orders of magnitude),as each method call involves the creation of a new delegate.4.Related WorkThe LuaPlus distribution[12]has some of the features of LuaInterface.It provides a managed C++wrapper to the Lua API that is similar to LuaInterface’s API wrapper,with methods to run Lua code,to read and write Lua globals,and to register delegates(with a specific signature)as Lua functions.Arbitrary CLR objects may be passed to the interpreter as userdata,but Lua scripts cannot access their properties and methods,and applications cannot register methods with arbitrary signatures as Lua functions.LuaOrb is a library,implemented in C++,for scripting CORBA objects and implementing CORBA interfaces[5,6].As LuaInterface,LuaOrb uses reflection to access properties and to call methods of CORBA objects.Registering Lua tables as implementations of CORBA interfaces is done through CORBA’s Dynamic Server Interface,which has no similar in CLR,although a similar feature was implemented for LuaInterface by runtime code generation through Reflection.Emit.LuaJava is a scripting tool for Java that allows Lua scripts to access Java objects and create Java objects from Lua tables[3,4].LuaJava uses an approach very similar to the one in LuaInterface to access Java objects,using Java reflection tofind properties and methods and Java’s native code API to acess the Lua C API.It uses dynamic generation of bytecodes to create Java objects from tables,generating a class that delegates attribute access and method calling to the Lua table.This class is loaded by a custom class loader.The CLR’s Reflection.Emit interface made this task much easier,with its utility classes and methods for generating and loading Intermediate Language(IL)code.Microsoft’s Script for Framework[7]is a set of script engines that a CLR application can host.It provides two engines by default,a Visual Basic engine and a JScript engine.Scripts have full access to CTS classes and the application can make its objects available to them.The scripts are compiled to CLR’s Intermediate Language(IL)before they are executed,instead of being directly executed by a separate interpreter like LuaInterface does with Lua scripts.ActiveState’s PerlNET[1]gives access to Perl code from the CLR.It packages Perl classes and modules as CTS classes,with their functions and methods visible to other objects.This is accomplished by embedding the interpreter inside the runtime,and using proxies to interface the CLR objects with Perl code. This is very similar to the approach used by LuaInterface,but the types generated by LuaInterface are kept on memory and recreated on each execution instead of being exported to an autonomous assembly on disk.Other scripting languages have compilers for the CLR in several stages of development,such as SmallTalk(S#),Python,and Ruby[2].When these compilers are ready these languages may also be used to script CLR applications,but only prototypes are available yet.5.Conclusions and Future WorkThis paper presented LuaInterface,a library that gives Lua scripts full access to CLR types and objects and allows CLR applications to run Lua Code,turning Lua into a glue language for CLR applications. LuaInterface gives Lua the capabilities of a full CLS consumer.We implemented the library in C#so it is platform-neutral,except for a small C ers can compile the C code(the Lua interpreter and the stub)in all the platforms where the CLR is available,with minimal changes to the stub code.The Lua interpreter was designed to be easily embeddable,and with the CLR’s P/Invoke library access to the interpreter was straightforward.We created an object-oriented wrapper to the C API functionsto provide a more natural interface for CLR applications.Performance of method calls from Lua is still poor when compared with reflection,although Lu-aInterface caches method calls.They were aboutfive times slower,on average.Most of the overhead comes from costly P/Invoke function calls.What we learned during the course of this project:•The extensibility of Lua made it easy to implement the full CLS consumer capabilities without any changes to the interpreter or language,and without the need for a preprocessor;•Lua’s dynamic typing and the CLR’s reflection are crucial for the lightweight approach to integra-tion that was used in this project,as the correctness of operations may be checked by the library at runtime;•Reflection is not the performance bottleneck for the library,as we initially thought it would be;•P/Invoke is very easy to use and very clean,but much slower than we thought,and became the bottleneck of the library.The CLR documentation could give more emphasis to the performance penalties of using P/Invoke.LuaInterface is an ongoing project.There is room for improvements with more CLR extension features,as well as further optimization for method calls,reducing the use of P/Invoke or not using it at all.One possible optimization is to reduce the number of P/Invoke calls necessary for each operation.This requires extensions to the API(new C functions).Another optimization is to do a full port of the Lua interpreter to managed code.Both are being considered for future work.References[1]ActiveState.PerlNET— components using the Perl Dev Kit,2002.Available at http:///ASPN/Downloads/PerlNET.[2] Languages,2003.Available at /dotnetlanguages.html.[3]C.Cassino and R.Ierusalimschy.LuaJava—Uma Ferramenta de Scripting para Java.In Simp´o sioBrasileiro de Linguagens de Programac¸˜a o(SBLP’99),1999.[4]C.Cassino,R.Ierusalimschy,and N.Rodriguez.LuaJava—A Scripting Tool for Java.Techni-cal report,1999.Available at http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/˜cassino/luajava/ index.html.[5]R.Cerqueira,C.Cassino,and R.Ierusalimschy.Dynamic Component Gluing Across Different Com-ponentware Systems.In International Symposium on Distributed Objects and Applications(DOA’99), 1999.。
锚定的AMX操作系统认知手册及TRACE32在线帮助说明书
OS Awareness Manual AMX Release 09.2023OS Awareness Manual AMXTRACE32 Online HelpTRACE32 DirectoryTRACE32 IndexTRACE32 Documents ......................................................................................................................OS Awareness Manuals ................................................................................................................OS Awareness Manual AMX (1)History (4)Overview (4)Brief Overview of Documents for New Users5 Supported Versions5Configuration (6)Manual Configuration6 Automatic Configuration7 Quick Configuration Guide7 Hooks & Internals of AMX8Features (9)Display of Kernel Resources9 Task Stack Coverage9 Task-Related Breakpoints10 Task Context Display11 Dynamic Task Performance Measurement12 Task Runtime Statistics13 Task State Analysis14 Function Runtime Statistics15 AMX specific Menu17AMX Commands (18)TASK.DBPool Display buffer pools18 TASK.DEVent Display event groups18 TASK.DEXChange Display message exchanges18 TASK.DMailBoX Display mailboxes19 TASK.DMPool Display memory pools20 TASK.DSEMaphore Display semaphores21 TASK.DSYStem Display system state21 TASK.DTask Display tasks22 TASK.DTIMer Display timers23AMX PRACTICE Functions (24)TASK.CONFIG()OS Awareness configuration information24OS Awareness Manual AMXVersion 09-Oct-2023 History04-Feb-21Removing legacy command T ASK.T ASKState.OverviewThe OS Awareness for AMX contains special extensions to the TRACE32 Debugger. This manual describes the additional features, such as additional commands and statistic evaluations.Brief Overview of Documents for New UsersArchitecture-independent information:•“Training Basic Debugging” (training_debugger.pdf): Get familiar with the basic features of a TRACE32 debugger.•“T32Start” (app_t32start.pdf): T32Start assists you in starting TRACE32 PowerView instances for different configurations of the debugger. T32Start is only available for Windows.•“General Commands” (general_ref_<x>.pdf): Alphabetic list of debug commands.Architecture-specific information:•“Processor Architecture Manuals”: These manuals describe commands that are specific for the processor architecture supported by your Debug Cable. T o access the manual for your processorarchitecture, proceed as follows:-Choose Help menu > Processor Architecture Manual.•“OS Awareness Manuals” (rtos_<os>.pdf): TRACE32 PowerView can be extended for operating system-aware debugging. The appropriate OS Awareness manual informs you how to enable theOS-aware debugging.Supported VersionsCurrently AMX is supported for:•AMX Version 3.04a on the Freescale Semiconductor 68332•AMX on the ARM 7•AMX on Freescale Semiconductor PowerPCConfigurationThe TASK.CONFIG command loads an extension definition file called “amx.t32” (directory“~~/demo/<processor>/kernel/amx”). It contains all necessary extensions.Automatic configuration tries to locate the AMX internals automatically. For this purpose all symbol tables must be loaded and accessible at any time the OS Awareness is used.If a system symbol is not available or if another address should be used for a specific system variable then the corresponding argument must be set manually with the appropriate address. In this case, use the manual configuration, which can require some additional arguments.If you want to display the OS objects “On The Fly” while the target is running, you need to have access to memory while the target is running. In case of ICD, you have to enable SYStem.MemAccess orSYStem.CpuAccess (CPU dependent).Manual ConfigurationFormat:TASK.CONFIG amx.t32 <magic_address> <args><magic_address>Specifies a memory location that contains the current running task. Thisaddress can be found at “cj_kdata+14”.<args>The configuration requires one additional argument that specifies an AMXinternal pointer. Give the label “cj_kdatp”.Manual configuration for the OS Awareness for AMX can be used to explicitly define some memorylocations. It is recommended to use automatic configuration.; manual configuration for AMX supporttask.config amx.t32 cj_kdata+14 cj_kdatpSee Hooks & Internals for details on the used symbols.Automatic ConfigurationFormat:TASK.CONFIG amx.t32For system resource display and trace functionality, you can do an automatic configuration of the OSAwareness. For this purpose it is necessary that all system internal symbols are loaded and accessible at any time, the OS Awareness is used. Each of the TASK.CONFIG arguments can be substituted by '0', which means that this argument will be searched and configured automatically. For a fully automatic configuration omit all arguments:; fully automatic configuration for AMX supporttask.config amxIf a system symbol is not available, or if another address should be used for a specific system variable, then the corresponding argument must be set manually with the appropriate address (see Manual Configura-tion).See also “Hooks & Internals” for details on the used symbols.Quick Configuration GuideT o get a quick access to the features of the OS Awareness for AMX with your application, follow the following roadmap:1.Copy the files “amx.t32” and “amx.men” to your project directory(from TRACE32 directory “~~/demo/<processor>/kernel/amx”).2.Start the TRACE32 Debugger.3.Load your application as normal.4.Execute the command “TASK.CONFIG ~~/demo/<cpu>/kernel/amx/amx.t32”(See “Automatic Configuration”).5.Execute the command “MENU.ReProgram ~~/demo/<cpu>/kernel/amx.men”(See “AMX Specific Menu”).6.Start your application.Now you can access the AMX extensions through the menu.In case of any problems, please carefully read the previous Configuration chapters.Hooks & Internals of AMXAll kernel resources are accessed through the kernel data pointer “cj_kdatp”.The magic location is calculated from “(*c_kdatp+0x14)”.For detecting a message exchanger task, the entry point of that task is compared to the message exchanger task entry point “cj_kpmxtask”). If this symbol is not available, the message exchanger tasks won’t be detected.In the statistics evaluations, the kernel state is derived from the location at “(*cj_kdatp)”.FeaturesThe OS Awareness for AMX supports the following features.Display of Kernel ResourcesThe extension defines new commands to display various kernel resources. Information on the following AMX components can be displayed:TASK.DSYStem system stateTASK.DTask T asksTASK.DTIMer TimerTASK.DMailBoX MailboxesTASK.DESChange Message exchangesTASK.DSEMaphor SemaphoresTASK.DEVent Event groupsTASK.DBPool Buffer poolsTASK.DMPool Memory poolsFor a description of the commands, refer to chapter “AMX Commands”.If your hardware allows memory access while the target is running, these resources can be displayed “On The Fly”, i.e. while the application is running, without any intrusion to the application.Without this capability, the information will only be displayed if the target application is stopped.Task Stack CoverageFor stack usage coverage of tasks, you can use the TASK.STacK command. Without any parameter, this command will open a window displaying with all active tasks. If you specify only a task magic number as parameter, the stack area of this task will be automatically calculated.T o use the calculation of the maximum stack usage, a stack pattern must be defined with the command TASK.STacK.PATtern (default value is zero).T o add/remove one task to/from the task stack coverage, you can either call the TASK.STacK.ADD or TASK.STacK.ReMove commands with the task magic number as the parameter, or omit the parameter and select the task from the TASK.STacK.* window.It is recommended to display only the tasks you are interested in because the evaluation of the used stack space is very time consuming and slows down the debugger display.Task-Related BreakpointsAny breakpoint set in the debugger can be restricted to fire only if a specific task hits that breakpoint. This is especially useful when debugging code which is shared between several tasks. T o set a task-related breakpoint, use the command:•Use a magic number, task ID, or task name for <task>. For information about the parameters, see “What to know about the Task Parameters” (general_ref_t.pdf).•For a general description of the Break.Set command, please see its documentation.By default, the task-related breakpoint will be implemented by a conditional breakpoint inside the debugger. This means that the target will always halt at that breakpoint, but the debugger immediately resumes execution if the current running task is not equal to the specified task.On some architectures, however, it is possible to set a task-related breakpoint with on-chip debug logic that is less intrusive. T o do this, include the option /Onchip in the Break.Set command. The debugger then uses the on-chip resources to reduce the number of breaks to the minimum by pre-filtering the tasks.Break.Set <address>|<range>[/<option>] /TASK <task>Set task-related breakpoint.NOTE:T ask-related breakpoints impact the real-time behavior of the application.For example, on ARM architectures: If the RTOS serves the Context ID register at task switches, and if the debug logic provides the Context ID comparison, you may use Context ID register for less intrusive task-related breakpoints:When single stepping, the debugger halts at the next instruction, regardless of which task hits this breakpoint. When debugging shared code, stepping over an OS function may cause a task switch andcoming back to the same place - but with a different task. If you want to restrict debugging to the current task, you can set up the debugger with SETUP .StepWithinTask ON to use task-related breakpoints for single stepping. In this case, single stepping will always stay within the current task. Other tasks using the same code will not be halted on these breakpoints.If you want to halt program execution as soon as a specific task is scheduled to run by the OS, you can use the Break.SetTask command.Task Context DisplayY ou can switch the whole viewing context to a task that is currently not being executed. This means that all register and stack-related information displayed, e.g. in Register , Data.List , Frame etc. windows, will refer to this task. Be aware that this is only for displaying information. When you continue debugging the application (Step or Go ), the debugger will switch back to the current context.T o display a specific task context, use the command:•Use a magic number, task ID, or task name for <task>. For information about the parameters, see “What to know about the Task Parameters” (general_ref_t.pdf).•To switch back to the current context, omit all parameters.T o display the call stack of a specific task, use the following command:If you’d like to see the application code where the task was preempted, then take these steps:eContextID ONEnables the comparison to the whole Context ID register.Break.CONFIG.MatchASID ONEnables the comparison to the ASID part only.TASK.List.tasks If TASK.List.tasks provides a trace ID (traceid column), thedebugger will use this ID for comparison. Without the trace ID,it uses the magic number (magic column) for comparison.Frame.TASK [<task>]Display task context.Frame /Task <task> Display call stack of a task.1.Open the Frame /Caller /Task<task> window.2.Double-click the line showing the OS service call.Dynamic Task Performance MeasurementThe debugger can execute a dynamic performance measurement by evaluating the current running task in changing time intervals. Start the measurement with the commands PERF.Mode TASK and PERF.Arm, and view the contents with PERF.ListTASK. The evaluation is done by reading the ‘magic’ location (= current running task) in memory. This memory read may be non-intrusive or intrusive, depending on the PERF.METHOD used.If PERF collects the PC for function profiling of processes in MMU-based operating systems(SYStem.Option.MMUSPACES ON), then you need to set PERF.MMUSPACES, too.For a general description of the PERF command group, refer to “General Commands Reference Guide P” (general_ref_p.pdf).Task Runtime StatisticsNOTE:This feature is only available, if your debug environment is able to trace taskswitches (program flow trace is not sufficient). It requires either an on-chip tracelogic that is able to generate task information (eg. data trace), or a softwareinstrumentation feeding one of TRACE32 software based traces (e.g. FDX orLogger). For details, refer to “OS-aware Tracing” (glossary.pdf).Based on the recordings made by the Trace (if available), the debugger is able to evaluate the time spent ina task and display it statistically and graphically.T o evaluate the contents of the trace buffer, use these commands:Trace.List List.TASK DEFault Display trace buffer and task switchesTrace.STATistic.TASK Display task runtime statistic evaluationTrace.Chart.TASK Display task runtime timechartTrace.PROfileSTATistic.TASK Display task runtime within fixed time intervalsstatisticallyTrace.PROfileChart.TASK Display task runtime within fixed time intervals ascolored graphTrace.FindAll Address TASK.CONFIG(magic) Display all data access records to the “magic”locationTrace.FindAll CYcle owner OR CYcle context Display all context ID records The start of the recording time, when the calculation doesn’t know which task is running, is calculated as “(unknown)”.Task State AnalysisThe time different tasks are in a certain state (running, ready , suspended or waiting) can be evaluated statistically or displayed graphically .This feature requires that the following data accesses are recorded:•All accesses to the status words of all tasks •Accesses to the current task variable (= magic address)Adjust your trace logic to record all data write accesses, or limit the recorded data to the area where all TCBs are located (plus the current task pointer).NOTE:This feature isonly available, if your debug environment is able to trace task switches and data accesses (program flow trace is not sufficient). It requires either an on-chip trace logic that is able to generate a data trace, or a softwareinstrumentation feeding one of TRACE32 software based traces (e.g. FDX orLogger ). For details, refer to “OS-aware Tracing” (glossary.pdf).Example: This script assumes that the TCBs are located in an array named TCB_array and consequently limits the tracing to data write accesses on the TCBs and the task switch.Break.Set Var.RANGE(TCB_array) /Write /TraceDataBreak.Set TASK.CONFIG(magic) /Write /TraceDataT o evaluate the contents of the trace buffer, use these commands:Trace.STATistic.TASKState Display task state statisticTrace.Chart.TASKState Display task state timechartThe start of the recording time, when the calculation doesn’t know which task is running, is calculated as “(unknown)”.Function Runtime StatisticsNOTE:This feature is only available, if your debug environment is able to trace taskswitches (program flow trace is not sufficient). It requires either an on-chip tracelogic that is able to generate task information (eg. data trace), or a softwareinstrumentation feeding one of TRACE32 software based traces (e.g. FDX orLogger). For details, refer to “OS-aware Tracing” (glossary.pdf).All function-related statistic and time chart evaluations can be used with task-specific information. The function timings will be calculated dependent on the task that called this function. T o do this, in addition to the function entries and exits, the task switches must be recorded.T o do a selective recording on task-related function runtimes based on the data accesses, use the following command:; Enable flow trace and accesses to the magic locationBreak.Set TASK.CONFIG(magic) /TraceDataT o do a selective recording on task-related function runtimes, based on the Arm Context ID, use the following command:; Enable flow trace with Arm Context ID (e.g. 32bit)ETM.ContextID 32T o evaluate the contents of the trace buffer, use these commands:The start of the recording time, when the calculation doesn’t know which task is running, is calculated as “(unknown)”.Trace.ListNesting Display function nestingTrace.STATistic.FuncDisplay function runtime statistic Trace.STATistic.TREEDisplay functions as call tree Trace.STATistic.sYmbol /SplitTASKDisplay flat runtime analysis Trace.Chart.FuncDisplay function timechart Trace.Chart.sYmbol /SplitTASK Display flat runtime timechartAMX specific MenuThe menu file “amx.men” contains a menu with AMX specific menu items. Load this menu with theMENU.ReProgram command.Y ou will find a new menu called AMX.•The Display menu items launch the kernel resource display windows.•The Stack Coverage submenu starts and resets the AMX specific stack coverage and provides an easy way to add or remove tasks from the stack coverage window.In addition, the menu file (*.men) modifies these menus on the TRACE32 main menu bar:•The Trace -> List submenu is changed. Y ou can additionally choose if you want a trace list window to show only task switches (if any) or task switches and defaults.•The Perf menu contains the additional submenus for task runtime statistics, task-related function runtime statistics and statistics on task states. For the function runtime statistics, a PRACTICEscript file called “men_ptfp.cmm” is used. This script file must be adapted to your application.AMX CommandsTASK.DBPoolDisplay buffer poolsDisplays a table with all created AMX buffer pools.TASK.DEVentDisplay event groups Displays a table with all created AMX event groups.TASK.DEXChangeDisplay message exchangesDisplays a table with all created AMX message exchanges.Format:TASK.DBPool Format:TASK.DEVent Format:TASK.DEXChangeTASK.DMailBoX Display mailboxes Format:TASK.DMailBoXDisplays a table with all created AMX mailboxes.TASK.DMPool Display memory pools Format:TASK.DMPoolDisplays a table with all created AMX memory pools.TASK.DSEMaphore Display semaphores Format:TASK.DSEMaphoreDisplays a table with all created AMX semaphores.TASK.DSYStem Display system state Format:TASK.DSYStemDisplays a system state summary for the current AMX system state.TASK.DTaskDisplay tasksDisplays a table with all AMX tasks or one task in detail.Without any parameters, a summary table of all created tasks is shown.The magic number is a unique ID to the OS Awareness to specify a specific task. It is notequal to the AMX task ID. A double click on the magic number or on the tag opens the detailed task window.If you specify a task magic number, a task ID or a task tag as parameter, this task is shown in detailed. Enclose a task tag in quotation marks. If a numerical parameter is detected to be a AMX task ID, this one will be used. All other numerical parameters are supposed to be a task magic number and are not checked for validation.Format:TASK.DispTask [<task >]<task >:<task_magic> | <task_id> | <task_name>TASK.DTIMer Display timers Format:TASK.DTIMerDisplays a table showing all defined AMX timers.Double click on the parameter to see a dump window on this address. Double click on the procedure to seea list window on this address.AMX PRACTICE FunctionsThere are special definitions for AMX specific PRACTICE functions.See also general TASK functions.TASK.CONFIG()OS Awareness configuration information Syntax:TASK.CONFIG(magic | magicsize | kdata)Parameter and Description:magic Parameter Type: String (without quotation marks).Returns the magic address, which is the location that contains thecurrently running task (i.e. its task magic number).magicsize Parameter Type: String (without quotation marks).Returns the size of the task magic number (1, 2 or 4).kdata Parameter Type: String (without quotation marks).Returns the address of the kernel data area.Return Value Type: Hex value.。
电子行业英语词汇大全
ADM:Administration Department行政部
RMA:客户退回维修
CSDI:检修
PC:producing control生管
MC:mater control物管
GAD: GeneralAffairs Dept总务部
QE:Quality engineer品质工程
CE:component engineering零件工程
EE:equipment engineering设备工程
ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程
TE:testing engineering测试工程
PPE product Engineer产品工程
Flux:助焊剂
P/N:料号 L/N:Lot
Number批号
Version:版本
Quantity:数量
Valid date:有效日期
缺陷分析系统
MIL-STD:Military-Standard军用标准
ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试)
Tolerance:公差
Subject matter:主要事项
Auditor:审核员
BOM:Bill of material物料清单
Rework:重工
ID:identification识别,鉴别,证明
PILOT RUN: (试投产)
FAI:首件检查
FPIR:First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告
Crystal:石英振荡器
XTAL/OSC:振荡产生器(X)
DeskPack12forAdobeIllustratorCS6更新声明
DeskPack for Adobe IllustratorRelease NotesDecember 24, 2012 Software VersionsPlug-Ins for Adobe® Illustrator® CS5, CS5.5, and CS6boostX 12.0.140Channel Mapping12.0.140Color Engine12.0.140Dynamic Barcodes12.0.140Dynamic Marks12.0.140Dynamic Panels12.0.140Esko Data Exchange12.0.140Image Extractor12.0.140Instant Trapper12.0.140Licensing 12.0.140PDF Import12.0.140PowerLayout Standalone12.0.140PowerLayout12.0.140PowerTrapper12.0.140Preflight12.0.140Screening12.0.140Seamless Repeat12.0.140Shuttle12.0.140TIFF Export12.0.140Variable Data12.0.140Viewer12.0.140White Underprint12.0.140Extra ApplicationsEsko Local License Manager 1.4.4Upgrading: important information• This hotfix is not intended for upgrading from DeskPack 10.1 or earlier.System RequirementsHardwareA PC or Intel-based Mac with:CPU: 1GHz processor or fasterMemory: 1GB or greaterSoftwareOperating System:10.6 (Snow Leopard), 10.7 (Lion), or 10.8 (Mountain Lion).Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7Adobe Illustrator CS5, CS5.5, and CS6Changes in the release of December 24, 2012General•Adobe Illustrator CS6 is now supported.•Adobe Illustrator CS4 is no longer supported.•Dynamic Tables is not included in this hotfix.•bX Select Uncolored Art menu now works also when the boostX menu layout preference was set to Single Menu Group.•Artboard rulers are now correctly aligned with Crosshair.Dynamic Barcodes•Human readable text of GS1 barcode can be now positioned also on top of the bars.Thin Parts•Fixed a problem with fixing objects filled with gradient. Changes in the release of November 29, 2012Esko Data Exchange•Added support for PSD files written by Adobe Photoshop CS6.•Latin characters in Japanese vertical text were wrongly rotated by90 degrees in Normalized PDF files.•Fixed wrong writing of underline of rotated text having both underlined and not underlined parts to Normalized PDF files.•Fixed a problem with wrongly written complex (curly, self-overlapping) meshes into Normalized PDF files.•Fixed a problem with omitting embedded alpha-only rasters (when all color channels are mapped away or empty) from Normalized PDF files, typically Gaussian blurs got lost. This issue was usually marked with the warning "Blank image skipped" in the Messages palette. Please note that this can add Process Black separation because this ink is used by the opacity mask representing the alpha channel.•Fixed several issues with channel-mapped rasters.•Fixed a problem with wrongly written complex or overlapping meshes into Normalized PDF.•Fixed a problem with XMP section of Normalized PDF files. Extra process inks were sometimes appearing in the XMP section of a Normalized file exported from Adobe Illustrator, when one or more PDF files were placed (linked) to the main document.Ink Manager, boostX InkMix•Fixed several issues with remapping and applying inks to text objects.•Fixed a problem in ink remapping of gradients. An extra gradient with spot ink was not created when a process ink was being remapped to this spot.PowerTrapper•Fixed a problem with updating traps when trapping on an Automation Engine server. Wrongly updated trap color pairs files were making the trap update task on the server fail.•Fixed wrong saving of Color Pairs for standalone trapping, reading of such wrongly saved pairs was causing crashes.•Pullback inks were no longer listed in the Color Pairs palette for tasks trapped on Automation Engine. The full ink names are now listed.Shuttle•Ink variants for per-object screening are now honored by public workflow parameters.•Thin Part fixes for scaled symbols were wrongly positioned.Viewer•Blend modes inside pattern definitions are now correctly honored by Viewer.•Viewer now becomes dirty when external (linked) file is modified. White Underprint•Fixed a problem with complex objects in overprint.Changes in the release of October 22, 2012New plug-ins•Dynamic Marks plug-in for creating, modifying and reusing Print Marks across different documents.•PowerLayout Standalone plug-in for stepping and repeating one or more Illustrator documents directly inside Adobe Illustrator.Changes in the release of June 22, 2012General•Adobe Illustrator CS4 on PowerPC is no longer supported.•The CMS data for DeskPack Standalone has been updated to Pantone Plus ink books.•The help and documentation of the plug-ins is now available only on the web.•The user can now control whether the PantoneLIVE license (formerly called SmartColour) gets allocated by Esko Data Exchange or not.Esko Data Exchange•Added "Fit Artboard to Trim Box" and "Fit Artboard to Media Box" to the Trim Box and Media Box palette.•Fixed automatic showing of InkManager and Trim Box and Media Box palettes when Illustrator starts up.•Ink remapping in InkManager and Color Engine no longer creates BG inks.•Access to PantoneLIVE ink books by Data Exchange and Color Engine is controlled by a separate license which is allocated only when Color Engine license itself is successfully obtained.•Changed the way linked Transparent CMYK+Spot PSD and TIFF files are processed by Channel Mapping, Viewer, PowerTrapper and when writing Normalized PDF files in CS5 and CS5.5. Such files now give visually the same result as Adobe Illustrator CS5 and CS5.5 itself. NOTE: the result is sometimes different than what Adobe Illustrator CS4 does. DeskPack in CS4 behaves the same as before and as CS4 itself.•Most linked TIFF files remain linked when writing Normalized PDF files. The only TIFF files that still become embedded are those with transparent background but without Transparency (also called Alpha channel). To make them remain linked, they should be resaved in Adobe Photoshop with Transparency set to ON.•Invisible and non-printable layers in linked non-Normalized PDF files are skipped when writing Normalized PDF files.•On the Mac, significantly boosted performance of writing Normalized PDF files when EPS and DCS files are linked to the main document.•Fixed a problem with loosing underline of rotated text in Normalized PDF files.•Fixed various problems with swapped or missing inks of linked files, especially when Channel Mapping is used, when writing Normalized PDF files.•The 6 non-white preserving blending modes now add all 4 process inks into XMP of the Normalized PDF file.•Fixed several problems with missing Arabic or Hebrew text in Normalized PDF files.•Fixed various problems with radial gradients on complex objects in Normalized PDF files.•Fixed various problems with patterns when writing Normalized PDF files.Dynamic Barcodes•Increased the maximum length of text encoded by QR and microQR codes to 1023 characters.•Improved efficiency of QR and microQR codes, some used to be created unnecessarily large.•Fixed various problems with barcodes on locked or hidden layers.•Fixed a problem with too small human readable part of GS1 U.S.Coupon Interim Code.•Error messages and warnings are no longer shown duplicated in the Messages palette.Dynamic Content•Dynamic art placeholders created in ArtiosCAD can be imported from ARD files directly into Adobe Illustrator.•Timestamp changes of external XML files are checked more consistently across different time zones and file systems.•Improved text splitting and merging.•Fixed a problem with lost appearance after releasing dynamic text objects.•Fixed various issues with copying and pasting dynamic text objects.•Fixed various issues when working in unlicensed mode.boostX•InkMix now supports the [Registration] ink.•Fixed a problem with InkMix consuming too much memory even when its palette was not visible.•Fixed a problem with crashes of "Add to Graphics Styles" in InkMix when layers were locked.•It is now possible to drag swatches from the Swatches palette directly to the Select by Attributes palette.•Improved precision when checking stroke width by Select by Attributes.•The speed of boostX Direct Select Tool improved on complex documents.•boostX Select Tool now selects also high-level objects such as Dynamic Barcodes, blend or PathFinder objects.Image Extractor•It is now possible to extract embedded rasters with spot inks as TIFF files. However, because Adobe Illustrator cannot link multichannel TIFF (and PSD) files back, every such TIFF contains also all (empty) process channels.PDF Import•Fixed problems with multiply linked files on hidden or locked layers when opening an AI document.•Paths with more than 32000 points are now degraded by PDF Import to bypass the limits of Adobe Illustrator on path length. Awarning is logged to the Messages palette.•Inks names longer than 31 characters are now truncated by PDF Import to bypass the limits of Adobe Illustrator. A warning is logged to the Messages palette.•Fixed delayed crashes when PDF import fails for some reason, e.g.because a multichannel PSD file not supported by Adobe Illustrator is linked.•Fixed crashes when importing Normalized PDF containing meshes that were exported from Adobe Illustrator.•Fixed a problem with wrongly imported image traps from trapped Normalized PDF files written by PackEdge.•Fixed various problems with shifted opacity masks.PowerTrapper•Fixed a problem with wrong creation of image traps made from linked transparent CMYK+spot files. The invalid trap objects were causing different problems to Adobe Illustrator, from inability to show overprint preview to crashes.•The document units are now used when editing trap options of standalone trapping.•PowerTrapper plug-in from DeskPack 10.x is not able to read color pairs saved by PowerTrapper 12 or open PowerTrapper tasks run on Automation Engine 12.RichBlack•Fixed a problem with creating rich black objects from too complex objects.Preflight•Validator now checks effective resolution of linked EPS files.•Fixed a problem with Validator wrongly evaluating dot percentage and maximum total ink density on PathFinder objects.Shuttle•Shuttle now shows the ticket for PowerTrapper and PowerLayout Client tasks launched from the same workstation.•Fixed a problem with process inks when launching workflow on a Nexus server.•The document units are now used when editing public parameters of a workflow.TIFF Export•Fixed a problem with describing spot ink names in Composite TIFF files that was giving problems to other Esko applications.Viewer•Added Ink Coverage calculation. The results can be saved to a XML file of the same format as PackEdge uses.White Underprint•Improved support for transparent gradients.Known Limitations in this release•Pasting text into the search field of Shuttle window in CS5 on the Mac does not work. A text art with the pasted text is created in the document instead.•Dragging of swatches from the Swatch palette to boostX InkMix palette resp. to color patches in the Select by Attributes palette isnot fully functional in CS6.•All kinds of transformations via Illustrator tools (Scale Tool, Free Transform Tool) are not supported on dynamic marks andPowerLayout Standalone repetitions.•This release should not be combined with PowerTrapper 10 and Screening 10 on Windows, otherwise unpredicted results can beachieved.•Seamless Repeat: Screening for Illustrator screen parameters of objects are not transferred to the seamless document.•PowerLayout client and the VDP plugin cannot launch AE10 workflows, but can only use ticket/chains (Like in the past).•The 'Save as' and 'Use File Name from Ticket' options in EPF Launch task are not implemented in the Shuttle.•When defining a server using 'Server connection Assistant', you need to restart AI in order to get this server available for Shuttle. It is also recommended to open the Shuttle Preferences afterwards to check the user name and password (by doubleclicking the server name).•Avoid to define APF connections to servers which cannot handle this protocol (e.g. Windows 2008). This will result in very long startup times (server connection timeouts) for Illustrator.•Launching workflows with ink selection as public parameter does not work when ink names contain underscores.。
品质英语单词大全
零件材料类的专有名词CPU: central processing unit(中央处理器IC: Integrated circuit(集成电路Memory IC: Memory Integrated circuit(记忆集成电路RAM: Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory(动态随机存取存储器SRAM: Staic Random Access Memory(静态随机存储器ROM: Read-only Memory(只读存储器EPROM:Electrical Programmable Read-only Memory(电可抹只读存诸器EEPROM: Electrical Erasbale Programmable Read-only Memory(电可抹可编程只读存储器 CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(互补金属氧化物半导体BIOS: Basic Input Output System(基本输入输出系统Transistor:电晶体LED:发光二极体Resistor:电阻Variator:可变电阻Capacitor:电容Capacitor array:排容Diode:二极体Transistor:三极体Transformer:变压器(ADP Oscillator:频率振荡器(0sc Crystal:石英振荡器XTAL/OSC:振荡产生器(X Relay:延时器Sensor:感应器Bead core:磁珠Filter:滤波器Flat Cable:排线Inductor:电感Buzzer:蜂鸣器Socket:插座Slot:插槽Fuse:熔断器Current:电流表Solder iron:电烙铁Magnifying glass:放大镜Caliper:游标卡尺Driver:螺丝起子TFT:液晶显示器Oscilloscope:示波器Connector:连接器PCB:printed circuit board(印刷电路板PCBA: printed circuit board assembly(电路板成品 PP:并行接口HDD:硬盘FDD:软盘PSU:power supply unit(电源供应器SPEC:规格Attach:附件Case: 机箱,盖子Cover:上盖Base:下盖Bazel:面板(panelBracket:支架,铁片Lable:贴纸Guide:手册Manual:手册,指南Card:网卡Switch:交换机Hub:集线器Router:路由器Sample:样品Gap:间隙Sponge:海绵Pallet:栈板Foam:保利龙Fiber:光纤Disk:磁盘片PROG:程序Barcode:条码System:系统System Barcode:系统条码M/B:mother board:主板CD-ROM:光驱FAN:风扇Cable:线材Audio:音效K/B:Keyboard(键盘Riser card:转接卡Card reader:读卡器Screw:螺丝Thermal pad:散热垫Heat sink:散热片Rubber:橡胶垫Rubber foot:脚垫Bag:袋子Washer:垫圈Sleeve:袖套Config:机构Label hi-pot:高压标签Firmware label:烧录标签Metal cover:金属盖子Plastic cover:塑胶盖子Tape for packing:包装带Bar code:条码Tray:托盘Collecto:集线夹Holder:固定器,L铁Connecter:连接器IDE:集成电路设备,智能磁盘设备SCSI:小型计算机系统接口Gasket:导电泡棉AGP:加速图形接口PCI:周边组件扩展接口LAN:局域网USB:通用串形总线架构Slim:小型化COM:串型通讯端口LPT:打印口,并行口Power cord:电源线I/O:输入,输出Speaker:扬声器EPE:泡棉Carton:纸箱Button:按键,按钮Foot stand:脚架部门名称的专有名词QS:Quality system品质系统CS:Coutomer Sevice 客户服务QC:Quality control品质管理IQC:Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC:Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制IPQC:In process quality control 制程检验FQC:Final quality control 最终检验OQC:Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA:Quality assurance 品质保证SQA:Source(supplier Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证(VQA CQA:Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证PQA:Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证QE:Quality engineer 品质工程CE:component engineering零件工程EE:equipment engineering设备工程ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程TE:testing engineering测试工程PPE:Product Engineer 产品工程IE:Industrial engineer 工业工程ADM:Administration Department行政部RMA:客户退回维修CSDI:检修PC:producing control生管MC:mater control物管GAD:General Affairs Dept总务部A/D:Accountant /Finance Dept会计LAB:Laboratory实验室DOE:实验设计HR:人资PMC:企划RD:研发W/H:仓库SI:客验PD:Product Department生产部PA:采购(PUR:Purchaing DeptSMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术MFG:Manufacturing 制造MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统DCC:document control center 文件管制中心厂内作业中的专有名词QT:Quality target品质目标QP:Quality policy目标方针QI:Quality improvement品质改善CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点(CRMAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点(MAMINOR DEFECT:次要缺点(MIMAX:Maximum最大值MIN:Minimum最小值DIA:Diameter直径DIM:Dimension尺寸LCL:Lower control limit管制下限UCL:Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域ECN:工程变更ECO:Engineering change order工程改动要求(客户 ECR:工程变更需求单CPI:Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Compatibility:兼容性Marking:标记DWG:Drawing图面Standardization:标准化Consensus:一致Code:代码ZD:Zero defect零缺点Tolerance:公差Subject matter:主要事项Auditor:审核员BOM:Bill of material物料清单Rework:重工ID:identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN: (试投产FAI:首件检查FPIR:First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认SPC:统计制程管制CP:capability index(准确度CPK:capability index of process(制程能力 PMP:制程管理计划(生产管制计划MPI:制程分析DAS:Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统PPB:十亿分之一Flux:助焊剂P/N:料号L/N:Lot Number批号Version:版本Quantity:数量Valid date:有效日期MIL-STD:Military-Standard军用标准ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试ATE:Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备MO:Manafacture Order生产单T/U: Touch Up (锡面修补I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test (功能测试-终测ASY:组立P/K:包装TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT RUN-IN:老化实验HI-pot:高压测试FMI:Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试DPPM: Defect Part Per Million(不良率的一种表达方式:百万分之一 1000PPM即为0.1% Corrective Action: (CAR改善对策ACC:允收REJ:拒收S/S:Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI-SIV:Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON:Concession / Waive特采ISO:国际标准化组织ISA:Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构OBA:开箱稽核FIFO:先进先出PDCA:管理循环Plan do check action计划,执行,检查,总结WIP:在制品(半成品S/O: Sales Order (业务订单P/O: Purchase Order (采购订单P/R: Purchase Request (请购单AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准LQL;Limiting quality level最低品质水准QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册AVL :认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List QCD: Quality cost delivery(品质,交期,成本MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产Q/R/S:Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL:ship to line(料到上线NTF:No trouble found误判CIP:capacity improvement plan(产能改善计划MRB:material review board(物料审核小组MRB:Material reject bill退货单JIT:just in time(即时管理5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke(整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,修养SOP:standard operation process(标准作业程序SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规格TOP: Test Operation Process (测试作业流程WI: working instruction(作业指导书SMD:surface mounting device(表面粘着原件FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR:Corrective action report改善报告BPR:企业流程再造 (Business Process ReengineeringISAR :首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request- JIT:实时管理 (Just In TimeQCC :品管圈 (Quality Control CircleEngineering Department (工程部TQEM: Total Quality Environment Management(全面品质环境管理PD: Production Department (制造LOG: Logistics (后勤支持Shipping: (进出口AOQ:Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL:Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平FMEA:failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析CRB: Change Review Board (工程变更会议CSA:Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析SQMS:Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP:Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划CIP:Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划M.Q.F.S: Material Quality Feedback Sheet (来料品质回馈单 SCAR: Supplier Corrective Action Report (供货商改善对策报告 8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet ( 8D单PDCA:PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action (管理循环MPQ: Material Packing Quantity (物料最小包装量DSCN: Delivery Schedule Change Notice (交期变更通知 QAPS: Quality Assurance Process Sheet (品质工程表DRP :运销资源计划 (Distribution Resource PlanningDSS:决策支持系统 (Decision Support SystemEC :电子商务 (Electronic CommerceEDI :电子资料交换 (Electronic Data InterchangeEIS :主管决策系统 (Excutive Information SystemERP:企业资源规划 (Enterprise Resource PlanningFMS :弹性制造系统 (Flexible Manufacture SystemKM :知识管理 (Knowledge Management4L :逐批订购法 (Lot-for-LotLTC :最小总成本法 (Least Total CostLUC :最小单位成本 (Least Unit CostMES :制造执行系统 (Manufacturing Execution SystemMPS :主生产排程 (Master Production ScheduleMRP :物料需求规划 (Material Requirement PlanningMRPⅡ:制造资源计划 (Manufacturing Resource PlanningOEM :委托代工 (Original Equipment ManufactureODM :委托设计与制造 (Original Design & Manufacture OLAP:线上分析处理(On-Line Analytical ProcessingOLTP:线上交易处理 (On-Line Transaction ProcessingOPT :最佳生产技术 (Optimized Production Technology PDCA:PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-ActionPDM:产品数据管理系统 (Product Data ManagementRCCP:粗略产能规划 (Rough Cut Capacity PlanningSCM :供应链管理 (Supply Chain ManagementSFC :现场控制 (Shop Floor ControlTOC:限制理论 (Theory of ConstraintsTQC :全面品质管制 (Total Quality ControlFYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考ASAP:尽快S/T:Standard time标准时间TPM:total production maintenance:全面生产保养ESD Wrist strap:静电环IT:information technology信息技术,资讯科学CEO:Chief Executive Officer执行总裁COO:Chief Operaring Officer首席业务总裁SWOT:Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,Threat优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁Competence:专业能力Communication:有效沟通Cooperation:统御融合Vibration Testing:振动测试IDP:Individual Development Plan个人发展计划MRP:Material Requirement Planning物料需求计划MAT'S:Material材料LRR:Lot Rejeet Rate批退率ATIN:Attention知会3C:Computer ,Communication , Consumer electronic消费性电子5W1H:When , Where , Who , What , Why , Ho5M:Man , Machine , Material , Method , Measurement人,机器,材料,方法,测量4MIE:Man,Material,Machine,Method,Environment人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源7M1I:Manpower , Machine , Material , Method,Market , Management , Money , Information 人力,机器,材料,方法, 市场,管理,资金,资讯1 Accuracy 准确度2 Action 行动3 Activity 活动4 Analysis Covariance 协方差分析5 Analysis of Variance 方差分析6 Approved 承认7 Attribute 计数值8 Average 平均数9 Balance sheet 资产负债对照表10 Binomial 二项分配11 Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法12 Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图(鱼骨图13 CL:Center Line 中心线14 Check Sheets 检查表15 Complaint 投诉16 Conformity 合格(符合17 Control 控制18 Control chart 控制(管制图19 Correction 纠正20 Correlation Methods 相关分析法21 CPI: continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善22 Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表23 CS: Customer Sevice 客(户服(务中心24 DSA: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统25 Data 数据 Description:品名26 DCC: Document Control Center 文控中心27 Decision 决策、判定28 Defects per unit 单位缺点数29 Description 描述30 Device 装置31 Do 执行32 DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计33 Element 元素34 Engineering recbnology 工程技35 Environmental 环境36 Equipment 设备37 Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数38 EV: Equipment Variation 设备变异39 External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷40 FA: Failure Analysis 失效分析41 Fact control 事实管理42 Fatigue 疲劳43 FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析44 FPY: First-Pass Yield (第一次通过合格率45 FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证46 FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制47 Gauge system 测量系统48 Grade 等级49 Histogram 直方图50 Improvement 改善51 Initial review 先期审查52 Inspection 检验53 Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷54 IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制55 IQC: Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制56 IS International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织57 LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限58 LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制59 LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限60 Machine 机械61 Manage 管理62 Materials 物料63 Measurement 测量64 Median 中位数65 MSA: Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析66 Occurrence 发生率67 Operation Instruction 作业指导书68 Organization 组织69 Parto 柏拉图70 PPM:Parts per Million (百万分之不良率71 Plan 计划72 Policy 方针73 Population 群体74 PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证75 Practice 实务(践76 Prevention 预防77 Probability 机率78 Probability density function 机率密度函数79 Procedure 流程80 Process 过程81 Process capability analysis 制程能力分析(图82 Process control and Process capability制程管制与制程能力83 Product 产品84 Production 生产85 Projects 项目86 QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证87 QC: Quality Control 品质控制88 QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程89 QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开(法90 Quality 质量91 Quality manual 品质手册92 Quality policy 品质政策(质量方针93 Random experiment 随机试验94 Random numbers 随机数95 R:Range 全距(极差96 Reject 拒收97 Repair 返修98 Repeatusility 再现性99 Reproducibility 再生性100 Requirement 要求101 Responsibilities 职责102 Review 评审103 Reword 返工104 Rolled yield 直通率105 RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数106 Sample 抽样,样本107 Sample space 样本空间108 Sampling with replacement 放回抽样109 Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样110 Scatter diagram 散布图分析111 Scrap 报废112 Simple random sampling 简单随机取样113 Size 规格114 SL: Size Line 规格中心线115 Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样116 SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书117 SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制118 Specification 规范119 SQA: Source(Supplier Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证120 Stage sampling 分段随机抽样121 Standard Deviation 标准差122 Sum of squares 平方和123 Taguchi-method 田口(试验方法124 Theory 原理125 TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制126 TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理127 Traceablity 追溯128 Training 培训129 UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制(控制上限130 USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限131 Validation 确认132 Variable 计量值133 Verification 验证134 Version 版本135 VOC: Voice of Customer 客户需求136 VOE: Voice of Engineer 工程需求137 Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告138 Sales order report:出货报告质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处QC Quality Control 质量管理(课PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部生产类PCs Pieces 个(根,块等PRS Pairs 双(对等CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量I/O input/output 输入/输出NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装T/P True Position 真位度5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to6M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Message4MTH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time, How 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源 SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略质量保证DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计质量保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造质量保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务质量保证LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率SPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱DVD Digital Video DiskVCD Video Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer Aided DesignCAM Computer Aided ManufacturingCAE Computer Aided EngineeringPCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划OS Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Assured 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业Electrical Magnetic Interference 电子干扰RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material SizeLED lighting-emitting diode 发光二极管QBR Quarter Business RecordCIP Continuous improvement process FGI Forecasted Goal InventoryCNC Computerized numeral controller B2C Business to customerB2B Business to businessAVL Approved vendor listPOP Procedure of packagingEOL End of lifeVDCS Vender defect correcting sheet PDCS Process defect correcting sheet GRN Goods receiving noteA/R Accounting receivableA/P Accounting payable专业词汇通用类president董事长operator作业员position职务general manager总经理special assistant 特助deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理deputy supervisor =vice supervisor副课长group leader组长line leader线长supervisor 课长responsible department负责单位Human Resources Department人力资源部Head count 人头数production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管课stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂administration/general affairs dept./总务部production unit生产单位meeting minutes会议记录distribution department分发单位subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日Color management 颜色管理Visual management 目视管理production capacity生产力first count初盘first check初盘复棹second count 复盘second check复盘复核quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity账面数量difference quantity差异量spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单cause analysis原因分析waste materials废料description品名specification 规格model机种work order工令revision版次remark备注registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to notify通知to fill in填写to collect, to gather收集statistics统计cosmetic inspection standard 外观检验规范computer case 计算机外壳(组件personal computer enclosure 计算机机箱产品front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座bezel panel面板Hood 上盖base pan 基座bezel 面板riser card 扩充卡flat cable 排线TOP driver cage 上磁架bottom driver cage 下磁架resin film 树脂膜raw materials原料materials物料steel plate钢板roll/coil material卷料spare parts =buffer备品plastic parts塑料件sheet metal parts/stamping parts 冲件material check list物料检查表finished product成品semi-finished product半成品good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐flow chart流程窗体production tempo生产进度现状lots of production生产批量manufacture procedure制程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch—to, switching over切换engineering bottleneck, project difficulty工程瓶颈glove(s手套glove(s with exposed fingers割手套Band-Aid创可贴Industrial alcohol工业酒精broom扫把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋liaison联络单rags抹布lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管delivery deadline交货期die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备resistance电阻beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机club car高尔夫球车plate电镀power button电源按键reset button重置键forklift叉车Workshop traveler 天车trailer =long vehicle拖板车Hydraulic trolley手压车hydraulic hand jack油压板车casing = containerization装箱velocity速度patent专利coordinate坐标supply and demand供求career card履历卡barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深work cell/work shop工作间sub-line支线bottleneck 瓶颈模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模stage die工程模compound die复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模feature die公母模male die公模female die母模cavity型控母模core模心公模die change 换模to fix a die装模to repair a die修模punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板top plate上托板(顶板top block上垫脚stripping plate内外打(脱料板outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块die locker锁模器pressure plate =plate pinch压板thickness gauge厚薄规cutting die, blanking die冲裁模die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条panel board镶块to load a die装上模具to unload a die 御模具active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔radius半径shim/wedge/heel/pad/spacer/gasket楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀round pierce punch =die button圆冲子shape punch =die insert异形子stock located block定位块metal plate钣金miller铣床grinder磨床tolerance公差score =groove压线sliding block滑块lathe车active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板capability能力parameter参数factor系数driller钻床set up die架模height of die setting up架模高度analog-mode device类模器inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves =spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套press specification冲床规格die height闭模高度flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝stripper plate脱料板piston活塞handle mold手持式模具flash mold溢流式模具positive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具die lifter举模器top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程to continue, cont.连动to grip(material吸料location lump, locating piece, location block定位块reset复位to file burr 锉毛刺embedded lump |in'bed| mp|镶块 |lstamping-missing漏冲to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to loosen a bolt拧松螺栓punched hole冲孔to cut edge =side cut =side scrap 切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印stamping 油印to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification 设计修改成gauge(or jig治具pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板torque扭矩spline =the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的forming成型(抽凸,冲凸draw hole抽孔bending折弯emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线stamp letter冲字(料号tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压类。
Accessdenied错误的原因
Accessdenied错误的原因当你试着联接MySQL服务器时,如果你碰到Access denied错误,显⽰在下⾯的表指出⼀些你能⽤来更正这个问题的动作: 你是在安装MySQL以后运⾏mysql_install_db的脚本,来设置初始授权表内容吗?如果不是,这样做。
见6.10 设置初始MySQL权限。
通过执⾏这个命令测试初始权限:shell> mysql -u root test 服务器应该让你⽆误地连接。
你也应该保证你在MySQL数据库⽬录有⼀个⽂件“user.MYD”。
通常,它是“PATH/var/mysql/user.MYD”,在此PATH是MySQL安装根⽬录的路径。
在⼀个新的安装以后,你应该连接服务器并且设置你的⽤户及其存取许可:shell> mysql -u root mysql 服务器应该让你连接,因为MySQL root⽤户初始时没有⼝令。
既然那也是⼀个安全风险,当你正在设置其他MySQL⽤户时,设定root⼝令是⼀件重要的事请。
如果你作为root尝试连接并且得到这个错误:Access denied for user: '@unknown' to database mysql 这意味着,你没有⼀个条⽬在user表中的⼀个User列值为'root'并且mysqld不能为你的客库解析主机名。
在这种情况下,你必须⽤--skip-grant-tables选项重启服务器并且编辑你的“/etc/hosts”或“\windows\hosts”⽂件为你的主机增加⼀个条⽬。
如果你从⼀个3.22.11以前的版本更新⼀个现存的MySQL安装到3.22.11版或以后版本,你运⾏了mysql_fix_privilege_tables脚本吗?如果没有,运⾏它。
在GRANT语句变得能⼯作时,授权表的结构⽤MySQL 3.22.11修改。
如果你直接对授权表做修改(使⽤INSERT或UPDATE语句)并且你的改变似乎被忽略,记住,你必须发出⼀个FLUSH PRIVILEGES语句或执⾏⼀个mysqladmin flush-privileges命令导致服务器再次读⼊表,否则你的改变要道下⼀次服务器被重启时再⽣效。
RTOS-SCIOPTA技术信息-TRACE32系统中的实时操作系统调试器说明书
RT O S -S C I O P T AT e c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n13.03.19RTOS-SCIOPTARTOS Debugger for SCIOPTA■Real time, non-intrusive display of Sciopta system resources■Sciopta specific display of analyzer listing■Statistic evaluation and graphic display of task run times■Task related evaluation of function run times ■Task stack coverage ■Task context display■PRACTICE functions for OS data ■Sciopta related pull-down menuThe TRACE32 System includes a configurable RTOSdebugger to provide symbolic debugging in real time oper-ating systems. Our software package contains a ready-to-run configuration for the Sciopta Real Time Kernel from Sciopta Systems AG.In close cooperation with Sciopta we built a special RTOS support for Sciopta. This leaflet will guide you through the additional implemented features in TRACE32, to do an effective debugging on Sciopta systems.ARMPowerPCRTOS Debugging in TRACE32 with ScioptaReal Time, Non-Intrusive Display of Sciopta System ResourcesThe TRACE32 RTOS debugger for Sci-opta provides display functions to show internal information. The systemresources modules, processes, pools and queues can be displayed. If the tar-get allows memory reads while run-ning, the display of all these regions can be viewed non-intrusively in real time. The tables are updated perma-nently (“On The Fly”), without affecting the application at all.Process Related BreakpointsAny breakpoint set in the TRACE32 debugger can be set dependent to a specific process. This means, that the breakpoint will then only halt, if hit bythe specified process. This allows pro-cess related debugging even in sharedcode.Module list, process list and pool displayBreakpoint list window with process specific breakpointsProcess Context DisplayThe TRACE32 RTOS debugger pro-vides an easy way to switch the current displayed context to another process. Normally all register related windows (e.g. listing at current PC, local vari-ables of function call stack) are dis-played related to the actual context (i.e. current executed process). Y ou can switch to the context of another pro-cess to see all this information at the time this process was scheduled.Process Stack CoverageIn real time systems it is quite impor-tant to know, how much stack space each process consumes. For this pur-pose a special window shows the cur-rent and the maximum usage of eachseparate process.Function call hierarchy of a specific processProcess stack coverage windowDynamic Process Performance MeasurementWhile Sciopta is running, TRACE32 is capable of recurrently evaluating the current running process and collecting the results. The percentage, each pro-cess consumes of the system, is thendisplayed graphically and updated per-manently. The longer time you let the measurement run, the more exact are the results. This feature is available even without any hardware trace.Sciopta Specific Display of Trace ListingThe data recorded in the real time trace buffer (if available) can be displayed and interpreted specific to the operat-ing system. The process switches aredisplayed symbolically, either exclu-sively or in addition to other informa-tion.Statistic Evaluation and Graphic Display of Process Run TimesOut of the real time trace buffer (if avail-able), the analyzer can calculate statis-tic tables of process run times and process switches. A graphical diagramshows which process was active at a specific time, giving a clear view of thebehavior of the system.Performance measurement listStatistics and flow of processesProcess Related Evaluation of Function Run TimesThe statistic and graphic evaluation of function calls and function run times (if available) can be done dependant to the actual running process. This is nec-essary, if different processes call one single function at the same time, or if a process switch occurs in between the function.PRACTICE Functions for OS DataThe support includes extended PRAC-TICE functions for OS specific data. E.g. the function “task.config(sciopta)”returns the address of the Sciopta base structure.Sciopta Related Pull-Down MenuBecause the menu bar of theTRACE32 user interface can be fully customized, you can create a new pull down menu, including operating sys-tem specific commands. We deliverSciopta support with an example for such specific menues, which provides fast and easy access to the Sciota spe-cific features.TRACE32 with source window and opened Sciopta specific displaysContactInternational RepresentativeArgentinaAnacom Eletronica Ltda.Mr. Rafael SoriceRua Nazareth, 807, BarcelonaBR-09551-200 São Caetano do Sul, SP Phone: +55 11 3422 4200FAX: +55 11 3422 4242EMAIL:******************.br AustraliaEmbedded Logic Solutions P/LMr. Ramzi KattanSuite 2, Level 3144 Marsden StreetParramatta NSW 2150Phone: +61 2 9687 1880FAX: +61 2 9687 1881EMAIL:*****************.au AustriaLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 190FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** BelgiumTritec Benelux B.V.Mr. Robbert de VoogtStationspark 550NL-3364 DA SliedrechtPhone: +31 184 41 41 31FAX: +31 184 42 36 11EMAIL:******************BrazilAnacom Eletronica Ltda.Mr. Rafael SoriceRua Nazareth, 807, BarcelonaBR-09551-200 São Caetano do Sul, SP Phone: +55 11 3422 4200FAX: +55 11 3422 4242EMAIL:******************.br CanadaLauterbach Inc.Mr. Udo Zoettler4 Mount Royal Ave.USA-Marlborough, MA 01752 Phone: +1 508 303 6812FAX: +1 508 303 6813EMAIL:********************** China BeijingLauterbach Technologies Co., LtdMr. Linglin HeBeijing OfficeA3,South Lishi Road, XiCheng District Beijing 100037, P.R. ChinaPhone: +86 10 68023502FAX: +86 10 68023523EMAIL:************************* China ShenzhenLauterbach Technologies Co., Ltd1406/E Xihaimingzhu BuildingNo.1 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518052, P.R. China Phone: +86 755 8621 0671FAX: +86 755 8621 0675EMAIL:**************************China SuzhouLauterbach Technologies Co., Ltd Mr. Linglin HeHengyu Square, Rm 709No. 188, Xing Hai StreetSuzhou, 215021 P.R. of China Phone: +86 512 6265 8030FAX: +86 512 6265 8032EMAIL:********************** Czech. RepublicLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 130FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** DenmarkNohau Danmark A/SMr. Flemming JensenHørkær 26, Plan 4DK-2730 HerlevPhone: +45 44 52 16 50FAX: +45 44 52 26 55EMAIL:*************EgyptLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 130FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** FinlandNohau Solutions FinlandMr. Martti ViljainenTekniikantie 14FI-02150 EspooPhone: +358 40 546 0142FAX: +358 9 2517 8101EMAIL:**************FranceLauterbach S.A.R.L.Mr. Jean-Pierre ParadisoEuroparc - Le Hameau B135 Chemin Des BassinsF-94035 Créteil CedexPhone: +33 1 49 56 20 30FAX: +33 1 49 56 20 39EMAIL:********************** GermanyLauterbach GmbHSales Team GermanyAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 190FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** GreeceLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 190FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** HungaryLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 190FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:********************India-BangaloreElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. G. V. GurunathamS-606, World Trade CenterMalleswaram West, No.26/1, Dr. Rajkumar RoadIndia - Bangalore 560055Phone: +91 80 67648888FAX: +91 80 23475615EMAIL:************************* India-ChennaiElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. D. KannanNo.109 /59A , Ground FloorIV Avenue, Ashok NagarIndia - Chennai - 600 083 Tamilnadu Phone: +91 044-24715750FAX: ++91 44 24715750EMAIL:********************India-DelhiElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. R.K. BhandariNo. 705, 7th Floor, Laxmi Deep ShivajinagarIndia - Delhi - 110 092Phone: +91 11-22549351FAX:EMAIL:******************India-HyderabadElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. C.V.M. Sri Ram MurthyShop No. 14, "Global Enclave" Bhagyanagar Colony, Kukat pallyIndia - Hyderabad 500 072Phone: +91 40-23063346FAX: +91 40-23063346EMAIL:**********************India-KolkataElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Arun RoyIndia - KolkataPhone: +91 98305 78843FAX:EMAIL:********************India-PuneElectro Systems Associates Pvt. Ltd. Mr. R K BhandariShriram Complex,1126/1, Model Colony ShivajinagarIndia - Pune - 411 016Phone: +91 20 - 30462035 / 25663FAX: +91 20-25677202EMAIL:*****************IrelandLauterbach Ltd.Mr. Richard Copeman11 Basepoint Enterprise Centre Stroudley RoadBasingstoke, Hants RG24 8UPPhone: 0044-118 328 3334FAX:EMAIL:**********************IsraelItec Ltd.Mr. Mauri GottliebP.O.Box 10002IL-Tel Aviv 61100Phone: +972 3 6491202FAX: +972 3 6497661EMAIL:***************.ilItalyLauterbach SrlMr. Maurizio MenegottoVia Enzo Ferrieri 12I-20153 MilanoPhone: +39 02 45490282FAX: +39 02 45490428EMAIL:**********************JapanLauterbach Japan, Ltd.Mr. Kenji Furukawa3-8-8 ShinyokohamaKouhoku-ku, Nisso 16th BuildingY okohama-shi, Japan 222-0033 Phone: +81 45 477 4511FAX: +81 45 477 4519EMAIL:******************.jp LuxembourgTritec Benelux B.V.Mr. Robbert de VoogtStationspark 550NL-3364 DA SliedrechtPhone: +31 184 41 41 31FAX: +31 184 42 36 11EMAIL:****************** MalaysiaFlash TechnologyMr. Teo Kian HockNo 61, # 04-15 Kaki Bukit Av 1Shun Li Industrial ParkSGP-Singapore 417943Phone: +65 6749 6168FAX: +65 6749 6138EMAIL:*******************.sg MexicoLauterbach Inc.Mr. Udo Zoettler4 Mount Royal Ave.USA-Marlborough, MA 01752 Phone: +1 508 303 6812FAX: +1 508 303 6813EMAIL:********************** NetherlandsTritec Benelux B.V.Mr. Robbert de VoogtStationspark 550NL-3364 DA SliedrechtPhone: +31 184 41 41 31FAX: +31 184 42 36 11EMAIL:******************New ZealandEmbedded Logic Solutions P/LMr. Ramzi KattanSuite 2, Level 3144 Marsden StreetParramatta NSW 2150Phone: +61 2 9687 1880FAX: +61 2 9687 1881EMAIL:*****************.au NorwayNohau Solutions ABMr. Jörgen NilssonDerbyvägen 6DSE-21235 MalmoePhone: +46 40 592 206FAX: +46-40 592 229EMAIL:*********************** PolandQUANTUM Sp. z o.o.Mr. Aleksander Bilul. Jeleniogorska 654-056 WroclawPhone: +48 71 362 6356FAX: +48 71 362 6357EMAIL:****************.pl PortugalCaptura Electronica,SCCLMr. Juan Martinezc/Duero, 40E-08031 BarcelonaPhone: +34 93 429 5730FAX: +34 93 407 0778EMAIL:******************* RomaniaLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 130FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:********************RussiaRTSoftMr. Alexey IsaevNikitinskaya 3RUS-105037 MoscowPhone: +7 495 742 6828FAX: +7 495 742 6829EMAIL:****************.ruSingaporeFlash TechnologyMr. Teo Kian HockNo 61, # 04-15 Kaki Bukit Av 1Shun Li Industrial ParkSGP-Singapore 417943Phone: +65 6749 6168FAX: +65 6749 6138EMAIL:*******************.sgSouth Korea, PangyoHancom MDS Inc.Mr. Dongwook Jun3FL. Hancom Tower49, Daewangpangyo-ro 644, Bundang-gu Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, ROK Phone: +82-31-627-3000FAX: +82-31-627-3100EMAIL:*********************SpainCaptura Electronica,SCCLMr. Juan Martinezc/Duero, 40E-08031 BarcelonaPhone: +34 93 429 5730FAX: +34 93 407 0778EMAIL:*******************SwedenNohau Solutions ABMr. Jörgen NilssonDerbyvägen 6DSE-21235 MalmoePhone: +46 40 592 206FAX: +46 40 592 229EMAIL:*********************** SwitzerlandJDT Jberg DatenTechnikMr. Andreas JbergZimmereistrasse 2CH-5734 Reinach AGPhone: +41 62 7710 886FAX:EMAIL:********************TaiwanSuperlink Technology Corp.Mr. Sulin Huang3F-8,No.77,Sec.1,Xintaiwu Rd.,Xizhi District, New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886 2 26983456FAX: +886 2 26983535EMAIL:**********************.tw TunisiaLauterbach Consulting S.A.R.L.Mr. Khaled JmalRoute El Ain Km 3.5TN-3062 SfaxPhone: +216-31361061FAX: +216-74611723EMAIL:********************** Turkey-1Tektronik Muh. ve Tic. A.S.Mr. Hakan Y avuzCyberPlaza B-Blok, 702BBilkent06800 AnkaraPhone: +90 312 437 3000FAX: +90 312 437 1616EMAIL:******************.tr Turkey-2G3TEK Embedded Technologies Ltd. Mr. Celal AygunIlkyerlesim Mah. 445.Sok. No: 4806370 Batikent/AnkaraPhone: +90 312 3324769FAX: +90 312 3324769EMAIL:**************UKLauterbach GmbHMr. Richard CopemanAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn Phone: +49 8102 9876 190FAX: +49 8102 9876 187EMAIL:******************** USA EastLauterbach Inc.Mr. Udo Zoettler4 Mount Royal Ave.USA-Marlborough, MA 01752 Phone: +1 508 303 6812FAX: +1 508 303 6813EMAIL:********************** USA WestLauterbach Inc.Mr. Bob Kupyn1111 Main Street, Suite 620USA-Vancouver, WA. 98660 Phone: +1 503 524 2222FAX: +1 503 524 2223EMAIL:************************Additional InformationLauterbach GmbHAltlaufstr. 40D-85635 Höhenkirchen-SiegertsbrunnTel. ++49 8102 9876-0 FAX -999*******************uterbach.deLauterbach Inc.4 Mount Royal Ave.Marlboro MA 01752Phone (508) 303 6812 FAX (508) 303 6813 ********************** Lauterbach Ltd.11 Basepoint Enterprise Ctre Stroudley Road Basingstoke, Hants RG24 8UPPhone ++44-1256-333-690 FAX -661**********************http:/Lauterbach S.A.R.L.135 Chemin Des BassinsF-94035 Créteil CedexPhone ++33-149-562-030FAX ++33-149-562-039**********************http:/uterbach.fr Lauterbach Japan, Ltd.3-9-5 Shinyokohama Kouhoku-kuY okohama-shi Japan 222-0033Phone ++81-45-477-4511 FAX -4519*********************uterbach.co.jp Lauterbach s.r.l.Lauterbach s.r.l.Via Enzo Ferrieri 12I-20153 MilanoPhone ++39 02 45490282FAX ++39 02 45490428*********************uterbach.itSuzhou Lauterbach Consulting Co.,Ltd.Room 1605, Xing Hai International Square No.200, Xing Hai StreetSuzhou, 215021 PR of ChinaPhone: 0086-512 6265 8030FAX: 0086-512 6265 8032*********************DisclaimerThe information presented is intended to give overview information only.Changes and technical enhancements or modifications can be made with-out notice.。
基于单片机的步进电机电路控制设计英文文献及翻译
The Stepper motor control circuit be based on Single chipmicroputerThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By bining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microputer which provides a highly-fle*ible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.Function characteristicThe AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duple* serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAMcontents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the ne*t hardware reset.Pin DescriptionVCC:Supply voltage.GND:Ground.Port 0:Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance inputs.Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiple*ed loworder address/data bus during accesses to e*ternal program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups.Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the code bytes during programverification. E*ternal pullups are required during programverification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.ThePort 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 1 pins that are e*ternally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.ThePort 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 2 pins that are e*ternally being pulled low will source current, because of the internal pullups.Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from e*ternal program memory and during accesses to e*ternal data memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses strong internal pullupswhen emitting 1s. During accesses to e*ternal data memory that use 8-bit addresses, Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.ThePort 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 3 pins that are e*ternally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming andverification.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.ALE/PROGAddress Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to e*ternal memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for e*ternal timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to e*ternal Data Memory.If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOV* or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in e*ternal e*ecution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable is the read strobe to e*ternal program memory.When the AT89C51 is e*ecuting code from e*ternal program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, e*cept that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to e*ternal datamemory.EA/VPPE*ternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from e*ternal program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset.EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program e*ecutions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require12-volt VPP.*TAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.*TAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.Oscillator Characteristics*TAL1 and *TAL2 are the input and output, respectively,of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 1.Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an e*ternal clock source, *TAL2 should be left unconnected while *TAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 2.There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the e*ternal clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry isthrough a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and ma*imum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.Figure 1. Oscillator Connections Figure 2. E*ternal Clock Drive ConfigurationIdle ModeIn idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset.It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes program e*ecution,from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an une*pected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to e*ternal memory.Power-down ModeIn the power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the instruction that invokes power-down is the last instruction e*ecuted. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their valuesuntil the power-down mode is terminated. The only e*it from power-down is a hardware reset. Reset redefines the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. The reset should not be activated before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize.Program Memory Lock BitsOn the chip are three lock bits which can be left unprogrammed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features listed in the table below.When lock bit 1 is programmed, the logic level at the EA pin is sampled and latched during reset. If the device is powered up without a reset, the latch initializes to a random value, and holds that value until reset is activated. It is necessary that the latched value of EA be in agreement with the current logic level at that pin in order for the device to function properly.IntroductionStepper motors are electromagnetic incremental-motion devices which convert digital pulseinputs to analog angle outputs. Their inherent stepping ability allows for accurate positioncontrol without feedback. That is, they can track any step position in open-loop mode, consequentlyno feedback is needed to implement position control. Stepper motors deliver higherpeak torque per unit weight than DCmotors; in addition, they are brushless machines andtherefore require less maintenance. All of these properties have made stepper motors a veryattractive selection in many position and speed control systems, such as in puter hard diskdrivers and printers, *Y-tables, robot manipulators, etc.Although stepper motors have many salient properties, they suffer from an oscillation orunstable phenomenon. This phenomenon severely restricts their open-loop dynamic performanceand applicable area where high speed operation is needed. The oscillation usuallyoccurs at stepping rates lower than 1000 pulse/s, and has been recognized as a mid-frequencyinstability or local instability [1], or a dynamic instability [2]. In addition, there is anotherkind of unstable phenomenon in stepper motors, that is, the motors usually lose synchronismat higher stepping rates, even though load torque is less than their pull-out torque. This phenomenonis identified as high-frequency instability in this paper, because it appears at muchhigher frequencies than the frequencies at which the mid-frequency oscillation occurs. Thehigh-frequency instability has not been recognized as widely as mid-frequency instability,and there is not yet a method to evaluate it.Mid-frequency oscillation has been recognized widely for a very long time, however, aplete understanding of it has not been well established. This can be attributed to thenonlinearity that dominates the oscillationphenomenon and is quite difficult to deal with.384 L. Cao and H. M. SchwartzMost researchers have analyzed it based on a linearized model [1]. Although in many cases,this kind of treatments is valid or useful, a treatment based on nonlinear theory is neededin order to give a better description on this ple* phenomenon. For e*ample, based on alinearized model one can only see that the motors turn to be locally unstable at some supplyfrequencies, which does not give much insight into the observed oscillatory phenomenon. Infact, the oscillation cannot be assessed unless one uses nonlinear theory.Therefore, it is significant to use developed mathematical theory on nonlinear dynamics tohandle the oscillation or instability. It is worth noting that Taft and Gauthier [3], and Taft andHarned [4] used mathematical concepts such as limit cycles and separatrices in the analysis ofoscillatory and unstable phenomena, and obtained some very instructive insights into the socalledloss of synchronous phenomenon. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a prehensivemathematical analysis in this kind of studies. In this paper a novel mathematical analysis isdeveloped to analyze the oscillations and instability in stepper motors.The first part of this paper discusses the stability analysis ofstepper motors. It is shownthat the mid-frequency oscillation can be characterized as a bifurcation phenomenon (Hopfbifurcation) of nonlinear systems. One of contributions of this paper is to relate the midfrequencyoscillation to Hopfbifurcation, thereby, the e*istence of the oscillation is provedtheoretically by Hopf theory. High-frequency instability is also discussed in detail, and anovel quantity is introduced to evaluate high-frequency stability. This quantity is very easyto calculate, and can be used as a criteria to predict the onset of the high-frequency instability.E*perimental results on a real motor show the efficiency of this analytical tool.The second part of this paper discusses stabilizing control of stepper motors throughfeedback. Several authors have shown that by modulating the supply frequency [5], the midfrequencyinstability can be improved. In particular, Pickup and Russell [6, 7] have presenteda detailed analysis on the frequency modulation method. In their analysis, Jacobi series wasused to solve a ordinary differential equation, and a set of nonlinear algebraic equations hadto be solved numerically. In addition, their analysis is undertaken for a two-phase motor,and therefore, their conclusions cannot applied directly to our situation, where a three-phasemotor will be considered. Here, we give a more elegant analysis for stabilizing stepper motors,where no ple*mathematical manipulation is needed. In this analysis, a d–q model ofstepper motors is used. Because two-phase motors and three-phase motors have the sameq–d model and therefore, the analysis is valid for both two-phase and three-phase motors.Up to date, it is only recognized that the modulation method is needed to suppress the midfrequencyoscillation. In this paper, it is shown that this method is not only valid to improvemid-frequency stability, but also effective to improve high-frequencystability.2. Dynamic Model of Stepper MotorsThe stepper motor considered in this paper consists of a salient stator with two-phase or threephasewindings, and apermanent-magnet rotor. A simplified schematic of a three-phase motorwith one pole-pair is shown in Figure 1. The stepper motor is usually fed by a voltage-sourceinverter, which is controlled by a sequence of pulses and produces square-wave voltages. Thismotor operates essentially on the same principle as that of synchronous motors. One of majoroperating manner for stepper motors is that supplying voltage is kept constant and frequencyof pulses is changed at a very wide range. Under this operating condition, oscillation andinstability problems usually arise.Figure 1. Schematic model of a three-phase stepper motorA mathematical model for a three-phase stepper motor isestablished using q–d framereference transformation. The voltage equations for three-phase windings are given byv a= Ri a+ L*di a /dt − M*di b/dt − M*di c/dt + dλpma/dt ,v b= Ri b+ L*di b/dt − M*di a/dt − M*di c/dt + dλpmb/dt ,v c= Ri c+ L*di c/dt − M*di a/dt − M*di b/dt + dλpmc/dt ,where R and L are the resistance and inductance of the phase windings, and M is the mutual inductance between the phase windings. _pm a, _pm b and _pm c are the flu*-linkages of thephases due to the permanent magnet, and can be assumed to be sinusoid functions of rotor position _ as followλpma= λ1 sin(Nθ),λpmb= λ1 sin(Nθ− 2/3),λpmc= λ1 sin(Nθ - 2/3),where N is number of rotor teeth. The nonlinearity emphasized in this paper is represented by the above equations, that is, the flu*-linkages are nonlinear functions of the rotor position.By using the q; d transformation, the frame of reference is changed from the fi*ed phase a*es to the a*es moving with the rotor (refer to Figure 2). Transformation matri* from the a; b; c frame to the q; d frame is given by [8]For e*ample, voltages in the q; d reference are given byIn the a; b; c reference, only two variables are independent (ia C ib C icD 0); therefore, the above transformation from three variables to two variables is allowable. Applying the abovetransformation to the voltage equations (1), the transferred voltage equation in the q; d frame can be obtained asv q= Ri q+ L1*di q/dt + NL1i dω + Nλ1ω,v d=Ri d + L1*di d/dt − NL1i qω, (5)Figure 2. a, b, c and d, q reference framewhere L1 D L C M, and ! is the speed of the rotor.It can be shown that the motor’s torque has the following form [2]T = 3/2Nλ1i qThe equation of motion of the rotor is written asJ*dω/dt = 3/2*Nλ1i q− B fω– Tl ,where Bf is the coefficient of viscous friction, and Tl represents load torque, which is assumed to be a constant in this paper.In order to constitute the plete state equation of the motor, we need another state variable that represents the position of the rotor. For this purpose the so called load angle _ [8] is usually used, which satisfies the following equationDδ/dt = ω−ω0 ,where !0 is steady-state speed of the motor. Equations (5), (7), and (8) constitute the statespace model of the motor, for which the input variables are the voltages vq and vd. As mentioned before, steppermotors are fed by an inverter, whose output voltages are not sinusoidal but instead are square waves. However, because the non-sinusoidal voltages do not change the oscillation feature and instability very much if pared to the sinusoidal case (as will be shown in Section 3, the oscillation is due to the nonlinearity of the motor), for the purposes of this paper we can assume the supply voltages are sinusoidal. Under this assumption, we can get vq and vd as followsv q = V m cos(Nδ) ,v d = V m sin(Nδ) ,where Vm is the ma*imum of the sine wave. With the above equation, we have changed the input voltages from a function of time to a function of state, and in this way we can represent the dynamics of the motor by a autonomous system, as shown below. This will simplify the mathematical analysis.From Equations (5), (7), and (8), the state-space model of the motor can be written in a matri* form as followsẊ = F(*,u) = A* + Fn(*) + Bu ,(10)where * D T iq id ! _U T , u D T!1 Tl U T is defined as the input, and !1 D N!0 is the supply frequency. The input matri* B is defined byThe matri* A is the linear part of F._/, and is given byFn.*/ represents the nonlinear part of F._/, and is given byThe input term u is independent of time, and therefore Equation (10) is autonomous.There are three parameters in F.*;u/, they are the supply frequency !1, the supply voltage magnitude Vm and the load torque Tl . These parameters govern the behaviour of the stepper motor. In practice, stepper motors are usually driven in such a way that the supply frequency !1 is changed by the mand pulse to control the motor’s speed, while the supply voltage is kept constant. Therefore, we shall investigate the effect of parameter !1.3. Bifurcation and Mid-Frequency OscillationBy setting ! D !0, the equilibria of Equation (10) are given asand ' is its phase angle defined byφ= arctan(ω1L1/R) . (16) Equations (12) and (13) indicate that multiple equilibria e*ist, which means that these equilibria can never be globally stable. One can see that there are two groups of equilibria as shown in Equations (12) and (13). The first group represented by Equation (12) corresponds to the real operatingconditions of the motor. The second group represented by Equation (13) is always unstable and does not relate to the real operating conditions. In the following, we will concentrate on the equilibria represented by Equation (12).基于单片机的步进电机电路控制设计89C51是一种带4K字节闪烁可编程可擦除只读存储器〔FPEROM—Falsh Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory〕的低电压、高性能CMOS8位微处理器,俗称单片机。
关于plsql打开后database为空的问题解决办法
关于plsql打开后database为空的问题解决办法前置条件:楼主是在虚拟机⾥⾯进⾏安装oracle和pl/sql的,所以我的安装后,发现我的pl/sql显⽰的database是空的,当然楼主会检查我的tnsnames.ora是不是配置正确了,但是检查后发现是正常的,依然显⽰database是空的,报错页⾯如图1.图1然后下⾯说下解决办法。
1.由于之前虚拟机磁盘空间不⾜,楼主就去新增了⼀个E盘,所以我的oracle是装在E盘的,但是我的instantclient_11_2是装在虚拟机的C盘的,此处应该同步。
保证和之前安装的oracle在同级⽬录下,如图2.图22.此处放置后,需要对pl/sql进⾏设置,如图3图3图3页⾯,选择Cancel,进⼊主界⾯。
在主界⾯的主菜单中,选择【Tools】-》【Preferences】,弹出设置对话框,如图4.图4图4中第⼀个红框,填写instantclient_11_2的路径,第⼆个红框填写instantclient_11_2⽂件夹中oci.dll的路径,然后“ok”即可。
3.环境变量的配置找到环境变量TNS_ADMIN,修改存放tnsnames.ora的路径即可,图3和图4路径⼀致即可。
图3图4备注:如果安装了⼀个oracle其他版本的的客户端,然后⼜删掉了,可能没清理⼲净,环境变量⾃动增加了⼀个TNS_ADMIN(路径为新安装客户端的路径),也有可能导致plsql登录时找不到原来的配置。
此时进⾏如上修改也课解决问题。
4.如果还是不可以,那么可以去tnsnames.ora⽂件⾥⾯进⾏修改,看下是不是SERVICE_NAME进⾏了修改。
改成你安装的那个oracle服务器的名字就可以了。
如图5.图5到此处再次打开pl/sql,就显⽰database不是空的了。
如图6.图6图6可以发现,我显⽰database就是我在tnsnames.ora⽂件⾥⾯设置的3个,所以如果需要新增连接的数据库,直接在tnsnames.ora⽂件进⾏新增就可以了。
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Dynamic Performance Tables not accessible,
Automatic Statistics Disabled for this session
You can disable statistics in the preference menu,or obtanin select
priviliges on the v$session,v$sesstat and v$statname tables
第一种处理方法(不推荐)
就是在报错的Error对话框中将?Don't show this message again?选项选中,下次就不在提示这个错误了。
这种方法应该可以叫做?鸵鸟方式?的处理方法。
没有从根本上解决这个问题。
第二种处理方法(可以采纳)
报错信息中描述的非常详细,原因是动态性能表没有权利被访问导致的问题,因此,我们通过把所需访问权限赋予给具体用户的方法来解决这个问题。
这里给出我能想到的三种具体处理方法。
大家可以继续补充。
1)如果只是某一具体用户有权限查询这三个动态性能视图,可以如下进行操作
这里注意一下:我们授权的视图是V_$session不是V$session,因为V$session是同名不是具体的视图。
否则您会收到下面这个错误。
sys@ora10g> grant select on V$session to user_sec;
grant select on V$session to user_sec
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02030: can only select from fixed tables/views
正确的授权方法如下:
SQL> grant select on V_$session to user_sec;
SQL> grant select on V_$sesstat to user_sec;
SQL> grant select on V_$statname to user_sec;
2)可以使用下面这个?简单粗暴?的方法处理之。
SQL> grant SELECT ANY DICTIONARY to user_sec;
3)以上两种方法是针对特定用户的处理方法,如果想让所有用户(不局限在上面的user_sec用户)都能够查询这三个动态性能视图,可以通过将查询权限授权给public方法来实现,操作如下。
这样
就可以保证所有开发人员都不会再出现上述的报错信息了。
SQL> grant select on V_$session to public;
SQL> grant select on V_$sesstat to public;
SQL> grant select on V_$statname to public;
第三种方法(推荐)
彻底禁掉PL/SQL Developer的这个功能。
方法如下:
导航到Tools --> Preferences --> Options
找到?Automatic Statistics?选项,将其前面的小对勾去掉,然后点击?Apply?和?OK?保存退出。
解决方法如下:
grant SELECT ANY DICTIONARY to username;
因为v$开头的属于数据字典,通常称为动态性能视图。
解决方法是:
用dba执行下面这句或者在pl/sql中找到username,然后在edit中选择?System privileges?tab,增加一个?select any dictionary?权限。
grant SELECT ANY DICTIONARY to username;。