国家游泳中心“水立方”暖通空调设计亮点介绍

国家游泳中心“水立方”暖通空调设计亮点介绍

毛红卫

国家注册工程师，副总工程师, ASHRAE 会员

中建国际设计顾问有限公司(CCDI)

2008.11.14

内容Contents

1 创新的ETFE 幕墙建筑热工设计

2 高效节能的暖通空调系统

3 泳池防结露设计

4 暖通空调系统在“快速泳池”中的贡献

Example in Green Building Design:National Olympic Swimming Center 项目地点：北京市景观路

总建筑面积：87283㎡

层数：地上赛时3层、赛后5层，地下2层

设计/竣工：2003年/2006年

建筑设计合作公司：PTW Architects

工程合作公司：Ove Arup PYD

Project location：Jingguan Road, Beijing

Building Area:87283㎡

Level: On ground 3 floors during the Games, 5 floors after the Games,

2 underground floors

Design/Completion：2003/2006

Architectural Partner：PTW Architects

Engineering Partner：Ove Arup PYD

1 创新的ETFE 幕墙建筑热工设计

外墙材料ETFE

Facade Material ETFE

简介Brief

立面的双层皮结构由一系列小的单元组成，每个单元的外面都覆盖着一层薄膜-双层聚四氟乙烯（ETFE）。

The facade system is comprised of a series of paneled units that are mounted as internal and external skins.

A series of Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (ETFE) bubbles.

材料性能Material Performance

1.阻燃材料，熔点为275摄氏度

2.优秀的隔热保温性能

3.良好的自洁性

4.轻质，每层仅0.2MM厚

5.良好透光性能

6.正常使用寿命30年。

1.Self-extinguishing quality，Melt

temperature 275o C

2.Excellent thermal insulation

3.Self-cleaning surface

4.Light weight, average thickness is 0.2MM

5.Good light permeability

6.Design life 30 years

The building physics concept is to develop a lightweight insulated façade that acts in principle as a greenhouse as swimming pools are predominantly heating driven in cold area.

The translucent triple skin bubble façade acts like a green house to trap the power of the sun thus providing passive heating to the pool and surrounding areas.

建筑热工设计策略Thermal Design Strategy

宗旨:设计一个轻质保温的阳光房，因为对于寒冷地区游泳池类型的建筑物来说，热需求是主要的。ETFE

气枕实现了被动太阳能加热的目的。

key thermal characteristics of the ETFE bubble façade

U-values of Roof

0.68 w/m 2.K U-values of Wall 0.88 w/m 2.K

可变遮阳系数的围护结构

Seasonally Variable Shading Design

•冬季平均遮阳系数为0.4，

–SC= 0.4 in winter

•夏季为0.2。

–SC = 0.2 in summer •Measures：

•1、空腔内进行通

–Ventilated Cavity

•2、不同朝向的ETFE外墙采用不同密度的图案。

–patterning the various layers of

the facade with translucent

painted ‘frit’.

通过调整薄膜上的镀点密度，获得

0.13～0.59不等的遮阳系数，使之实现

建筑设计所需满足的热工性能。

自然光研究Daylight Study

•传热系数、透光率、遮阳系数决定了气枕ETFE层数及镀点密度

The number of ETFE layers and the density of frits painted on ETFE are designed

differently to optimize the heat-transfer

coefficient, light transmittance, and shading coefficient of the facade.

•Frits painted on ETFE：

Diameter = 16mm，Density = 10%、

20%、30%、50% and 65%。

Daylight Illumination of the

Olympic Pool Hall Visualisation of the Olympic Pool Hall, Daylight Only