高一英语必修一定语从句总结(完整资料)
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定语从句
一、三个概念
1.定语从句:
2.先行词:
3.关系词:
先行词关系词定语从句
先行词
关系词
二、关系词的用法
关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose
whose:表所有格,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物
The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.
The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.
关系副词:when/where/why
1. when: 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例:This was the time when he arrived.
I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例:This is the factory where he works.
Nanjing is the place where I was born.
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
例:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
注意:关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介
词+which“结构交替使用。
例:I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】
Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】
Is this the reason for whic h he refused our offer?【why】
四、关系代词that的特殊用法
只用that 的情况
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只
能用that,而不用which.
例如:He was the first person that passed the exam.
2.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
3.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,
只能用that,而不用which.
例如:This is the same bike that I lost.
4.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.
例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
5..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
例如:Who is the girl that is crying?
6.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时,只能用that.
例如:He is not the man that he once was.
8.先行词是the way时,只用that
不用that 的情况
1.先行词为that, those时,用which,而不用that.
例如:What’s that which is under the desk?
2.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.
例如:This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.
例如:Tom came back, which made us happy.
五、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,
就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你
共事的日子。
判断改错:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关
系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出
关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A。
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有