美国宗教英文介绍
美国宗教研究(英文版)
• Slavery. Early Christianity elevated the
roles of those oppressed in society, by for example, accepting women and slaves as full members. Slaves participated equally in worship and the community and were afforded contract and property rights. • Early Christians purchased slaves in the markets simply to set them free.It is also true that slavery was ended in great measure by Christian activists.
• Children. In the ancient world, for example in
infanticide（杀婴） classical Rome or Greece, infanticide（杀婴） was not only legal, it was applauded. Killing a Roman was murder, but it was commonly held in Rome that killing one‘s own children could be an act of beauty. Through a higher view of life, it was the early Christian church that ultimately brought an end to infanticide. The promodern pro-life movement is largely Christian.
大学英美概况 美国宗教
The Jews
● Until the late 19th century ,
most Jews in America were
of German origin. ●Many of them belonged to the Reform movement ,a liberal branch of Judaism which had made many adjustments to modern life. ●When Jews began coming to America in great numbers ,anti Semitism appeared. ●When faced with prejudice and discrimination ,Jews responded by forming organizations to combat prejudice.
● American courts have become more sensitive in recent year to the rights of people who do not believe in any god or religion.
● Protestant religion and republican forms of government they felt, went hand in hand.
● Many remained religiously observant .Others ,while they continued to think of themselves as ethnically Jewish ,adopted a secular ,nonreligious outlook.
美国宗教中英文对照
Religious preference in the U.S.
• • • • • • Protestant 新教 59% Catholic 天主教 27% Judaism 犹太教 2% Eastern Orthodox 东正教 1% Other 4% None 7%
TБайду номын сангаасn recognizable group of denominations
Self-Improvement
The need for self-improvement, once established, reaches far beyond self-improvement in the purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game, or even their whole personality. Books of this type are often referred to as self-help books. They are the natural products of a culture in which people believe that "God helps those who help themselves."
American Religion美国宗教
课外空间文化长廊山东省梁山县杨营中学于孔春供稿Diversity1is the main feature of religion in the United States.Although Christianity has al-ways been the major American faith,the existence of more than250different religious sects2here has made Americans tolerant3of all forms of worship—Christian and non-Christian.美国宗教的主要特点就是多样化。
虽然基督教一直是美国人的主要信仰，但还存有250—不论它是基督教或是非基督教。
多种其他宗教派别，这使美国人包容各种各样的信仰——Maybe this tolerant attitude to different religions can be traced back to the early settlers ofthis country.Among the first immigrants4,quite a number of them were Puritans,whose purposeof coming to this New World was to pursue religious freedom,to practice their religion and wor-ship God as they wished.This is why the nation’s forefathers demanded legal guarantees of reli-gious freedom.So the First Amendment to the Constitution not only forbids the establishment of. All Rights Reserved.an offical national religion but also forbids state or federal interference5with religious institu-tions or practices.这种对宗教的宽容态度也许能够追溯到早期殖民地时期。
美国宗教英文版
Religious beliefs in the US
作为一个多元文化的移民国家,与人的数百种不同的 种族背景,美国现在已经成为世界上宗教最多元的国 家之一。更重要的是,人口普查数据显示,大多数美国 人承认宗教在他们的生活中扮演非常重要的角色,这 一比例是发达国家中非常罕见
As a multicultural country of immigrants, with people of hundreds of different ethnic backgrounds, the United States has now become one of the most religiously diverse nations on the globe. What’s more, according to census data, the majority of Americans admit that religion plays an extremely important role in their lives, a proportion that is very rare these days among developed nations.
Nearly 80% of Americans belong to a variety of denominations of Christianity
About 7% of American are Muslim Judaism develop in the Jew. Numbers of Asian American are Buddhists.
美国宗教
history
一.Early Colonial era
Spanish missions （西班牙教会 ）
French territories British colonies （英国殖民地):New
England 、Virginia 、Tolerance in Rhode Island (罗 德岛州）and Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚州） 、 Maryland（马里兰） 、Anti-Catholicism
origin
Major denominational families
history:
1.Early Colonial era
2.18th century
origins
基督教发源于公元1世纪巴勒斯坦地区犹太人社会，并继承了犹太教耶 和华上帝和救主弥塞亚（根据希腊文翻译为“基督”）等概念，以及希 伯莱圣经为基督教圣经旧约全书。 按照基督教经典的说法，基督教的 创始人是耶稣，他30岁左右（公元一世纪30年代）开始在巴勒斯坦地区 传教。 耶稣声称，他的来临不是要取代犹太人过去记载在旧约圣经的 律法，而是要成全它。耶稣思想的中心，在于“尽心尽意爱上帝”及 “爱人如己”两点。 耶稣出来传道，宣讲天国的福音，极大的回应。这使得罗 马帝政下的犹太教祭司团大受影响，深深感到自己地位不保，所以要把 他除之而后快。后来由于门徒犹大告密，罗马帝国驻犹太的总督彼拉多 将耶稣逮捕。耶稣受尽打骂侮辱，最后被钉在十字架上而死。但耶稣的 心意却是为了要赎世人的罪，甘愿地流出自己的血。 依据他门徒们的 见证，耶稣死后第三天从石窟坟墓中复活了。他的坟墓空了，他又多次 向满心疑惑的门徒们显现。他们渐渐确信耶稣真的复活了，是胜过死亡 的救主。在耶稣升天超离这世界的时空后，他的门徒们起来热心宣扬耶 稣的教训，并且宣告他是复活得胜死亡的主。信徒们组成彼此相爱、奉 基督之名敬拜上帝的团体，就是基督教会。 耶稣复活的这一天成为后 世的复活节（每年春分以后、又逢月圆的第一个星期日）。教会又定了 12月25日为耶稣的生日而则成了圣诞节。
10.Religion inthe USA美国宗教
2.Protestantism(60% of Americans)P87
The Baptists, the largest Protestant group, adult baptism by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience; • Some Baptists have liberal attitudes toward the blacks and believe in the equality of all human beings before God. • The majority practice with their racial prejudice. • Methodist, the second largest protestant sect based on the church of England. • More than 100 other protestant sects.
• For some purposes, government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats all religions alike
• When disputes arise, American courts must settle them.
Religion in the USA
Percentage Distribution of the U.S. population, 2001 Judaism Roman Catholic Orthodox Other Christian No Religious Preference Not Reported
美国宗教英文介绍
美国圣母流下血泪
Denominations
• There are many different denominations in the United States. The largest are:
• The Catholic Church, 68,115,001 members • The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,228,438 members • The United Methodist Church, 7,853,987 members • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 5,974,041 members • The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members
基督教
• 圣母恸子
Overview
• Religion in America is very diverse
• Christian
• Protestant • Catholic • Other Christian 51.3 % 23.9 % 3.3 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 2.0 % 16.1 %
犹太教
• 犹太教最重要的崇拜 物——耶路撒冷的哭墙
Judaism
• 麦当娜狂热崇拜犹太教
Buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama(悉达多· 乔答摩). Buddhism teaches its followers that in this life they are only temporary vessels of body, emotions, thoughts, tendencies, and knowledge. Buddhists believe that there is no sense of self or soul when in this world.
【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国宗教religion in United States
RELIGION in the UNITED STATESReligious Liberty∙“Among the rights which the new nation guaranteed, as apolitical necessity in a religiously diverse society, wasfreedom of religion” (p. 86)∙The Constitution forbade the government to give specialfavours to any religion, nor were they allowed to stop orinterfere with religion. The USA was determined it wouldhave no state-supported religion.∙When there is a disagreement between the government andany religion, the American courts must settle it. Protestants in the United States∙60% of Americans are Protestant believers. The Baptists are the largest Protestant group.* The largest concentration ofBaptists live in the Southern States of America and, although some Southern Baptists have liberal attitudes to blackAmericans, many believe and practice racial discrimination and prejudice towards them.∙Most black Americans are Baptists too, but they go todifferent churches than the white Americans. Church is amajor social and community centre for the black churchgoers. ∙There are over a 100 Protestant sects in America. Theyexpress variety on a theme, rather than major differences inbelief. In recent decades there has been an increase in thenumber of fundamentalist churches, which often use themedium of television to communicate with citizens. Thesefundamentalists are sometimes extreme in their views. Catholics∙The largest single religious group is the Roman Catholics.More than 25% of Americans identify themselves as Catholics.The increase in the number of Catholics is mainly due to laterimmigration waves of Irish, Polish and Italians. For instance, over a million Irish Catholics left Ireland, due to a famine there that saw many suffer starvation.∙There was significant prejudice against the Catholics by the Protestants. *∙In the 1950s, many Catholics began to question the idea of the separation of Church and State. The Catholic Church had developed many social institutions, including schools, to preserve their faith. The Church wanted the government to help fund the cost of these schools. The Supreme Court was asked to rule whether this would be unconstitutional. TheCourt ruled that it was unconstitutional, and that thegovernment could not help religious schools.Three Faiths∙By the 1950s, a kind of “three faiths” model of USA haddeveloped. All Americans were considered to come in one of three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish.∙The Jews were a small minority in the first years of theAmerican republic. Later, many Jews came to the USA and became successful. There are now many Jews in the various professions and in the academic world.Anti-Semitism appeared as the numbers of Jews grew. In response to prejudice and discrimination, Jews formed organisations to fight this. These organisations attempted to educate Americans about the injustice of prejudice.“People are complicated. They are the combinations of good and evil, beauty and ugliness, truth and falsehood, wisdom and stupidity.”He Manzi (1919- ), Chinese writer.Religious DiversityThe USA has seen the growth of many new religiousmovements. There were many experiments, both religious and otherwise, in alternative living. Sometimes communitiesdeveloped with people who wanted to …opt out‟ of mainstream society because they considered mainstream society, corrupt or lacking in moral virtue. One the most well-known is theAmish communities of Pennsylvania.∙Sometimes the beliefs and practices of these sects conflict with American law. Two instances are: the Jehovah‟s Witnesses who want to refuse to allow blood transfusions when they have medical treatment, and the Mormons who believe that a man can have more than one wife.∙The Supreme Court has been asked to make decisions about whether these practices can be allowed or not. In both cases the Supreme Court said no they are not allowable. Another decision that is very well-known was the 1973 decision whichmade abortion legal, even though many Catholics and Jewscampaigned strongly against it being legalised. There still exists a strong emotional reaction to the issue of abortion.*Other world religions have been increasing their numbers in America for example Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism due to immigration trends.American Character of ReligionThere are 3 unique aspects to American religion:∙All Americans of different religions live together under thesame law. There is no stat e interference with people‟sreligious beliefs. There is no state religion. The variousreligious groups have coexisted more harmoniously inAmerica than in the Old World.∙Religious beliefs of Americans have a strong social element to them. Half of all Protestants are active church-members, and even more Catholics attend church regularly. Many attendchurch not only for religious reasons but also to make friendsand to become a part of the community. In contrast, 80% ofEngland‟s Protestants go to church le ss than once a month and in Sweden most citizens do not go to church at all.∙Every church is a completely independent organisation. Apart from having responsibility for finance and the buildings, thepreacher preaches what he/she thinks is important rather than instilling doctrine (church teachings) into the churchgoers. Why do so many Americans attend church?∙In American history, religion has not been associated withoppression or domination by other powerful institutions.∙Generally speaking, Americans have experienced greaterreligious freedom than Europeans.∙Churchgoing in America is seen as an opportunity tobecome a part of the community and to develop friendships.Key Points∙The American government guarantees religious freedom.∙The American Protestants have a very diverse range ofchurches and sects even though they have the same basicbeliefs.∙The Catholic Church is the single largest church in the USA.When immigrants from predominately Catholic countries, like Poland, Italy and Ireland, brought their religion with them.∙There was prejudice and discrimination against the Catholics and the Jews.∙Many Americans go to church for social as well as religiousreasons.∙Attendance at church in the USA is relatively high compared with many European countries.RESULTS OF SURVEY (1995-1997)It polls a statistically valid sample of adults from a total of 60 nations. Some of their findings from their 1995-1997 survey: The United States has a higher level of church attendance than any other country which is "at a comparable level of development."53% of Americans consider religion to be very important in their lives. This compares with 16% in Britain, 14% in France and 13% in Germany.The importance of religion has been declining in developed countries.In those countries which are "experiencing economic stagnation and political uncertainty," the importance of religion is high.。
美国宗教分类及介绍-
Relijion in The UnitedStates1.Protestant（新教）2.Catholic Church(天主教)3.Judaism(犹太教)4.Eastern OrthodoxChurch(东正教)5.Buddhusm(佛教) Religion in America is very diverseChristian:Protestant 51.3﹪Catholic 23.9﹪Other Christian 3.3﹪Jewish 1.7﹪Buddhist 0.7﹪Muslim 0.6﹪Hindu 0.4﹪Other 2.0﹪Unaffiliated 16.1﹪Christian Beliefs 一．The basic beliefs of the Christianlaitn,that Christians from all denominations can agree on,are that:1.Jesus is God’s son.2.Jesus came to earth as a baby,lived a perfect life,and died on a cross as a sacrifice for our sins.3.Jesus will come back again as a King.He will take his followers to live with Him in heaven.Many people in America are "deists".They believe that there is a God,but they don't think He is involved in our lives to a great extent.They don't seek God or follow Biblical teachings.Many others in America are "practicing Christians".They seek to follow God's will in their lives and often meet together with other Christians at Church meetings,42﹪American “go to church”at least once a week. American Character ofReligion1.American with different religions live together under the same law.The Bill of Right of US proved whereis no state religion and that Church and state must be separated.2.The religions beliefs of American continue to be with social progress.The majority of American pour into the Church every Sunday morning.3.Every Church in US is completely independent organization and concerned with it own finance and it’s own building.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument.。
美国宗教介绍Religion in the United States
Religious Diversity:Other Kinds Of Religion
Buddhism
Islam
Hinduism
Taoism
Thank you！
Religion In The United States
Religion In The United States
Religious Liberty Religious Diversity
Religious Liberty
The Declaration of Independence – “endowed by their creator” and “laws of nature and of nature's God”
Many religious communities (宗教团体) and secular utopias (世俗的乌托邦组织)， experiments in new forms of social living (试 验新的生活方式的团体),were founded in 18th and 19th century America. Many small sects（教派）and cults(信徒) appear in American society all the time.
Religious Diversity:Three Main Faiths
By the 1950s, the above three faiths model of American religion had developed.
Religious Diversity:Other Kinds Of Religion
More than 60% of Americans are said to be Protestant believers
the America religious culture(美国宗教文化)
American Religious Culture美国是一个宗教色彩浓厚的发达国家,其宗教多元化与移民问题有密切关系,宗教信仰已成为美国文化和历史不可分割的组成部分,这种多元宗教文化的传统对美国的社会生活产生了深刻影响。
USA is a developed country with rich religious colors and its multi-religious features are closely connected with itsimmigrants. Religious beliefs are an inseparable part of American culture and history. This deep-rooted multi-religious culture has exerted great influenceon American lives.一、美国的宗教文化背America's religious and cultural background美国向以“民族熔炉”和“宗教联合国”著称。
America is famous as an "Ethnic melting pot" and "religious United Nations".美国人大部分是17和18世纪欧洲移民的后裔,另外,还从拉丁美洲、亚洲、澳洲、非洲甚至加拿大涌入了大量移民。
移民们持续稳定地涌入美国,带来了他们本国的文化和传统,从而使美国社会变得丰富多彩,也对美国多元文化的形成产生了深远的影响。
Americans are mostly descendants of European immigrants of17 and 18th Century. In addition to there are also a large number ofimmigrants from Latin America, Asia, Australia, Africa and Canada. Thesteady influx of immigrants brought their own culture and traditions to America. They make the American society rich and colorful and even impact far-reaching influence on the formation of America’s multicultural.多元文化的沃土滋养出了多元宗教文化。
英美国家概况--宗教
British Religion
8.1 Three Great World Religions
• There are three great world religions:
Buddhism----
Islam----
Christianity----
8.1.1 Buddhism at a glance
• Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life. • Buddhism teaches that all life is interconnected, so compassionis natural and important. • Buddhists strive for a deep insight into the true nature of life and do not worship gods or deities['di:iti; 'di:əti]神 . • Buddhism is mainly distributed over Southern and Eastern Asia. • Its symbol is the Lotus.
8.1.2 Islam at a glance
美国宗教 英文
The Protestant
• • • • • the Baptist Church the Methodist Church the Presbyterian Church the Quakers(or the Society of Fridends) the Salvation Army
The Ptian Science was found by Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) in 1866 in the USA. She claimed that health depended only on right mental attitudes. Illness was an illusion of non-existent matter and the mistake of mentality. Christian Science is quite popular among the wealthy class.
Three chief features of religion
• the variety of beliefs • the emphasis on social problems • the separation of church and states.
The feature of American religions
一 The Baptist Church The Baptist Church is the largest Protestant group, whose twenty-five million members are divided among more than twenty branch and concentrate particularly in the southern states. Some white southern Baptists, including ministers, have liberal attitudes in relation to , people s clour and they have a belief that all human being are equal before God whatever their colour may be. Most of the black population, who have to stand up various kinds of difficult circumstances, are certainly Baptists.
Religion in America 美国宗教
Catholics
The majority of the Catholics are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. They were concentrated in New York and Massachusetts.
Jews
Until the late 19th century, most Jews in American were of German origin. Many of them belonged to the Reform movement, a liberal branch of Judaism which had many adjustment to modern life. When Jews began coming to America in great numbers, anti-Semitism appeared. They formed an organization to compact prejudice.
Religion in America
Three Main Faiths
Catholics Protestants Jews 天主教 新教 犹太教
Protestants
The majority of Americans (60%) belong to the protestant church, more than 150 million. Main denominations of the prot Methodists 浸礼宗派 卫斯理宗派
The Baptist is the largest protestant group in America. They believe in adult Baptism (成年人洗礼仪 式) by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience.
美国宗教英文介绍课件
• Jesus is God’s Son. • Jesus came to Earth as a baby, lived a
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
基督教
• 圣母恸子
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
Overview
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
Taoism is a native Chinese religion with large population of followers throughout the entire
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
伊斯兰教金顶寺
一是作为领导干部一定要树立正确的 权力观 和科学 的发展 观，权 力必须 为职工 群众谋 利益， 绝不能 为个人 或少数 人谋取 私利
道教
• 道教创立于中国。自唐代起逐步传入朝鲜、 日本、越南和东南亚一带，后又传入欧洲、 北美、澳大利亚等国家。除华裔教徒外，本 土居民也有信奉道教者。
history. Its rich content has produced far-reaching effects in
american religious美国宗教
Protestant • The Washington National Cathedral, in Washington, D.C., is a cathedral of the Protestant Episcopal Church.
American Religious
Quick look
Quick look
Christianity • The largest religion in the US is Christianity, practiced by the majority of the population. • Christianity was introduced during the period of European colonization.
Catholic • The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C., is the largest Catholic church in the United States.
Protestant: Baptist
• Martin Luther King : I have a dream
• When we are allowed freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: • Free at last! free at last! • Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
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• • • • • •
Jewish Buddhist Muslim Hindu Other Unaffiliated
Source: Pew Forum study in 2007
Christian Beliefs
• The basic beliefs of the Christian faith, that Christians from all denominations can agree on, are that:
• Jesus is God’s Son. • Jesus came to Earth as a baby, lived a perfect life, and died on a cross as a sacrifice for our sins. • Jesus will come back again as a king. He will take his followers to live with Him in heaven.
Catholics
• More than ¼ of all Americans are Catholic. • Many came from Ireland, Italy and Poland. Catholic faith is often passed down from one generation to the next. • John F. Kennedy, a very well liked President, was Catholic. • There are many Catholic schools and hospitals in the United States. Some of the top universities were founded by Catholics, as well.
基督教
• 圣母恸子
Overview
• Religion in America is very diverse
• Christian
• Protestant • Catholic • Other Christian 51.3 % 23.9 % 3.3 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 2.0 % 16.1 %
Religion in the United States
Religion in America
• Many people in America are ―deists‖. They believe that there is a God, but they don’t think He is involved in our lives to a great extent. They don’t seek God or follow Biblical teachings. • Many others in America are ―practicing Christians‖. They seek to follow God’s will in their lives and often meet together with other Christians at church meetings. 42% of Americans ―go to church‖ at least once a week.
Catholics
天主教
• 美国教会天主教卡温顿 教区大主教罗杰.弗伊斯
Judaism
- many Jewish people came to the US from Germany and more after from Europe - anti-Semitism - many ethnically Jewish but not religious Catholics believe in Trinity (三位一体）, the doctrine that there are three persons in one God –the Father , the son and the Holy Spirit （圣灵）.
Buddhism
• 越来越多的美国人通过 佛教寻找心灵的宁静与 安详
Islam
• Islam is a major world religion founded in Arabia. Based on the teachings of a man named Muhammad （穆罕默德）, one who practices Islam is called a Muslim(穆斯林）. • Islam teaches that, because of humanity's moral weakness, God sent prophets to teach both individuals and nations correct moral and spiritual behaviors
犹太教
• 犹太教最重要的崇拜 物——耶路撒冷的哭墙
Judaism
• 麦当娜狂热崇拜犹太教
Buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama(悉达多· 乔答摩). Buddhism teaches its followers that in this life they are only temporary vessels of body, emotions, thoughts, tendencies, and knowledge. Buddhists believe that there is no sense of self or soul when in this world.
伊斯兰教金顶寺
道教
• 道教创立于中国。自唐代起逐步传入朝鲜、 日本、越南和东南亚一带，后又传入欧洲、 北美、澳大利亚等国家。除华裔教徒外，本 土居民ve Chinese religion with large population of followers throughout the entire history. Its rich content has produced far-reaching effects in both ancient China and many Asian countries. The large volumes of classics are important part of cultural heritage of China.
美国圣母流下血泪
Denominations
• There are many different denominations in the United States. The largest are:
• The Catholic Church, 68,115,001 members • The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,228,438 members • The United Methodist Church, 7,853,987 members • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 5,974,041 members • The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members