外文翻译--基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统
基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统毕业论文
摘要科学技术的飞速发展与进步给人们的生活带来了前所未有的便利，如电力技术的迅猛发展与应用，合成材料的诞生，新能源的不断涌现，自动化程度的不断提高等等，使人们的衣食住行条件得到了极大的改善。
然而其负面的作用也随之凸显出来，如液化石油气，各种电子产品，易燃装饰材料等我们身边经常接触到的一些普通生活用品，为火灾的发生埋下了巨大的隐患，人们在享受科技带来的便利之外无时不在受到潜在的火灾的威胁。
所谓水火无情，为了避免火灾以及减少火灾造成的损失，让人们的生活更加安宁，残酷的现实以及触目惊心的教训要求我们必须设计和完善火灾自动报警系统，提高火灾的预警与早期处理水平，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，最大限度地减少社会财富的损失。
基于此，本文从生活中的实际情况着手，设计了一种适用于多种公共场所的基于单片机的火灾智能报警系统。
该火灾报警系统是以AT89C51单片机作为控制中心，接受、处理火灾探测器输出的烟雾浓度信号、温度信号，并进行声光报警。
它通过不断的向现场发射巡检信号来监视现场的温度、烟雾浓度等，并不断反馈给报警控制器，控制器将接到的信号与内存的正常整定值比较、判断确定是否有火灾的发生。
当现场烟雾或者温度发生异常，或者发生火灾时，可实现声光报警、烟雾浓度、温度报警限设置、故障自诊断、延时报警等，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾传感器，具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：AT89C51单片机，智能报警，传感器，控制器AbstractThe rapid development and progress of science and technology has brought unprecedented convenience to people's life,as the rapid development of electric technology and application of composite materials, the constantly emerging of the new energy, the constant improvement of the degree of automation, etc. make people's food and clothing live line conditions improved greatly. However, its negative effect also stands out, some ordinary articles for daily use such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), all kinds of electronic products, flammable decorative materials around us, buried the huge hidden trouble for the beginning of the fire, people enjoying the convenience from technology constantly under the threat of potential fire. So-called water ruthless, in order to avoid fire and reduce fire losses, make people's life more peaceful, the harsh reality and shocking lesson requires us to design and improve the automatic fire alarm system andimprove the level of fire early warning and handling, which will make a fire in the bud, to minimize the loss of wealth of society.Based on this, this text set about from the actual situation in life, we design a kind of intelligent fire detection and alarm system suitable for a variety of public places of based on single chip microcomputer. The fire alarm system based on AT89C51 as the control center, accepts and treats the signal of smoke concentration and temperature of the smoke fire detector, alarming with sound and light. Through sending inspection signal to the site inspection, it monitors the temperature and smoke concentration, and constantly feedbacks to alarm controller, the controller will receive the signal compared with the normal setting value of the memory and judgment whether there is a fire happening. When the smoke temperature anomalies, or there is a fire, it can realize sound and light alarm, the setting of smoke concentration and temperature alarm limit, fault self-diagnosis, delayed alarm, etc.It's a kind of intelligent smoke sensor,which has certain practical value ,with the simple structure, stable performance, convenient using, low costing, and so on.Keywords: AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, Intelligent alarm, Sensor, Controller目录1 绪论1.1 选题的背景及意义1.2 国内外发展状况和现状1.2.1 火灾报警系统发展历程1.2.2 国内外火灾报警系统的发展现状2 火灾报警系统及其整体方案设计2.1 火灾发生时的特点2.2火灾报警系统功能及其类型2.3 本系统的总体方案设计2.3.1 本设计的研究范围2.3.2 系统的硬件总体结构2.3.3 系统软件总体结构3 系统的硬件选择与设计3.1 主要芯片的选择3.1.1 单片机的选择3.1.2 模数转换芯片的选择3.2 传感器的选择3.2.1火灾探测器的分类3.2.2 温度探测器的选定3.2.3 烟雾传感器的选择3.3 各电路模块的设计3.3.1单片机外围接口电路3.3.2 A/D转换电路3.3.3 烟雾信号调理电路3.3.4 光报警电路3.3.5 声报警电路3.3.6 报警器故障自诊断4 火灾报警系统的软件设计4.1 软件开发环境4.2 火灾报警系统程序设计4.2.1主程序流程图4.2.2 主程序初始化流程图4.2.3数据采集子程序4.2.4 火灾判断与报警程序4.2.5 滤波子程序5功能仿真验证分析5.1关于仿真与编程软件5.2 Protues仿真原理图6 总结与展望6.1 总结6.2 展望致谢参考文献附录1 绪论1.1 选题的背景及意义在各种灾害中，火灾是最经常、最普遍地威胁到公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。
基于单片机的火灾自动警报系统论文
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统Based On SCM Automatic Fire Alarm System毕业论文（设计、创作）开题报告毕业论文（设计、创作）任务书指导教师签名：2009年12 月8 日大学2010届毕业设计（论文、创作）中期检查表毕业论文（设计、创作）综合成绩表（一）毕业论文（设计、创作）综合成绩表（二）备注：一、论文的质量评定，应包括对论文的语言表达、结构层次、逻辑性理论分析、设计计算、分析和概括能力及在论文中是否有新的见解或创新性成果等做出评价。
从论文来看学生掌握本专业基础理论和基本技能的程度。
二、成绩评定采用结构评分法，即由指导教师、评阅教师和答辩委员会分别给分（以百分计），评阅教师得分乘以20%加上指导教师得分乘以20%加上答辩委员会得分乘以60%即综合成绩。
评估等级按优、良、中、差划分，优90-100分；良76-89分；中60-75分；差60分以下。
三、评分由专业教研室或院组织专门评分小组（不少于5人），根据指导教师和答辩委员会意见决定每个学生的分数，在有争议时，应由答辩委员会进行表决。
四、毕业论文答辩工作结束后，各院应于6月20日前向教务处推荐优秀论文以汇编成册，推荐的篇数为按当年学院毕业生人数的1.5%篇。
五、各院亦可根据本专业的不同情况，制定相应的具有自己特色的容。
须报教务处备案。
六、书写格式要求：1. 目录；2. 容提要须书写200左右汉字，开题报告（文科除外）的容要根据不同专业的课题任务要求，阐述查阅文献、文案论证、解题思路、工作步骤等；3. 正文（含引言、结论等）；4. 参考文献（或资料）大学本科生毕业论文（设计、创作）承诺书容第2条即以备注为准。
目录摘要 (1)ABSTRACT (2)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 选题背景及意义 (1)1.2 本文所做的工作 (1)第2章火灾自动报警系统的工作原理 (2)2.1 系统总体功能概述 (2)2.2 火灾报警系统的类型 (2)2.3 火灾探测器的原理 (3)第3章系统硬件设计 (5)3.1 核心芯片选择 (5)3.2 单片机外围接口电路 (8)3.3 信号处理电路 (9)3.4 A/D转换模块 (10)3.5 声音报警电路 (11)3.6 数码管显示电路 (12)3.7 状态指示灯及控制键电路 (13)3.8 报警器故障自诊断 (14)第4章系统软件设计 (15)4.1 主程序流程图 (15)4.2 主程序初始化流程图 (16)4.3 滤波子程序 (16)4.4 线性化子程序 (17)4.5 报警子程序 (19)4.6 键盘处理子程序 (21)结论 (22)致 (23)参考文献 (24)摘要目前，随着电子产品在人类生活中的使用越来越广泛，由此引起的火灾也越来越多，在我们生活得四周到处潜伏着火灾隐患。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统火灾是一种在室内或房间内发生的突发性灾害，往往会带来严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。
为了及时发现和报警处理火灾，基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统应运而生。
一、系统概述基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统是一种利用现代电子技术和自动控制技术设计的设备，用于监测室内环境的变化并在发生火灾时自动发出警报信号，以便及时疏散人员和扑灭火灾。
该系统由传感器、控制模块和报警器三部分组成，能够实现对室内温度、烟雾等参数的监测和分析。
二、系统原理1. 传感器模块：传感器模块主要包括温度传感器和烟雾传感器。
温度传感器负责监测室内温度的变化，并将数据传输给控制模块；烟雾传感器则用于检测空气中的烟雾浓度，一旦浓度超过设定阈值即认定为火灾可能已发生。
2. 控制模块：控制模块采用单片机作为核心控制器，根据传感器模块传来的数据进行分析和判断。
当监测到温度异常升高或烟雾浓度异常增加时，控制模块会立即触发报警器并发送警报信号。
3. 报警器：报警器通常采用声光报警器的形式，一旦系统检测到火灾，报警器会同时发出声音和灯光警报信号，提醒周围人员及时疏散。
三、系统特点1. 可靠性高：基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统采用数字化传感器和智能控制模块，具有高度的稳定性和可靠性，减少了误报和漏报的概率。
2. 响应速度快：系统响应速度快，当火灾发生时能够立即做出反应，保证了火灾报警的及时性。
3. 易于维护：整个系统结构简单，维护方便，安装和调试均较为方便，适用于各类室内环境。
四、系统应用基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统广泛应用于各种室内场所，如家庭、商场、学校、医院等，为人们的生命和财产安全提供了重要保障。
随着科技的不断发展，该系统将逐渐得到完善和普及，进一步提高火灾防范和救援的效率。
总的来看，基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统在防范火灾、保护人员安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用，其技术应用前景十分广阔，必将在未来得到更广泛的推广和应用。
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统
基于单片机的防火防盗报警系统Fire alarm system based on single-chipmicrocomputer摘要近年来，随着各高校规模的扩大，在校生的数目飞速增长，学生宿舍的不安定因素也越来越多。
由于同学们安全意识不强，盗窃、火灾等危害学生财产和生命安全事件的发生概率也在增长，给各高校的平安校园建设带来一定困难。
为此，在计算机技术、电子信息技术和无线通信技术的基础上，文中提出了宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
该系统可以对学生宿舍内部中的盗窃、火灾和违章用电等不安全因素进行监控，如有警情可迅速告知宿舍管理人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全监控，缩短了对宿舍中突发事件的反应时间，给高校学生的平安求学带来了保障。
文中提出了一种宿舍智能防火防盗报警系统的设计。
系统中，监测电子系统以ATmega16为控制核心，辅以各种传感器，对学生宿舍的安全信息进行采集，如有警情通过无线通信模块传送至监控中心，自动提示值班人员前去处理，实现了对学生宿舍的安全管理。
关键词：mega16；烟雾传感器；热释电人体红外传感器；报警系统；无线通信模块ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the expansion of the university scale, the number of students increased rapidly, unstable factors are more and more students dormitory. As a result of the students' safety awareness is not strong, the probability of occurrence of theft, fire and other hazards students property and life safety event is on the increase, bring certain difficulty to building a peaceful campus in Colleges and universities. Therefore, based on computer technology, electronic information technology and wireless communication technology, this paper puts forward the design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. The system can monitor electric insecurity factors of student dormitory in the theft, fire and illegal, such as alarm can quickly inform dormitory management personnel to deal with, the safety monitoring of the student dormitory, to shorten the reaction time of unexpected events in the dormitory, to the university student's study brings peace security.This paper presents a design of intelligent fire alarm system in the dormitory. In the system, monitoring electronic system with mega16 as the control core, supplemented by a variety of sensors, acquisition of safety information on the student dormitories, such as alarm through the wireless communication module are transmitted to the monitoring center, automatically prompts the staff on duty to deal with, the realization of student dormitory safety management.Keywords: mega16; SIM300 communication; smoke sensor; human pyroelectric infrared sensor绪论课题研究的相关背景随着人类的进步和社会科学与技术的迅猛发展，人类开始迈入数字化和网络化为平台的智能化社会，人们对工作、生活等环境的要求也越来越高，开始出现了比如智能化仪表、智能化家电、智能化汽车、智能化小区等具有不同职能成都的产品、设备工具甚至工作环境和生活环境，并且呈现出高速发展的趋势。
一种基于单片机控制的智能火灾报警系统设计
一种基于单片机控制的智能火灾报警系统设计摘要：社会在不断的发展，对火使用不当，造成的火灾带给人类经济上的损失的危害也越来越大，用AT89C52中的单片机做成的处理器，是利用了对烟雾的探测技术设计而成的火灾报警系统，该设计是从总体系统上的性能包括硬件跟软件综合考虑设计而成，本文对该系统的设计进行详细阐述，并通过您对系统的性能进行测试，来证明系统具有可靠性好、低成本、适应力强、并具有兼容特点。
关键词：单片机，智能火灾报警，设计Abstract: in the continuous development of society, the improper use of fire, the fire hazards to human economic loss is more and more big, made with AT89C52 single-chip processor, is the use of detection technology design of smoke and fire alarm system, the design is from the performance of the overall system. Including the hardware and software design and comprehensive consideration, this paper elaborates on the design of the system, and through you to test the performance of the system, to prove that the system has good reliability, low cost, strong adaptability, and compatible with the characteristics of.Keywords: microcontroller, intelligent fire alarm, design一、引言该系统是对火灾预警的系统，是由火灾检测、火灾报警、对报警的控制以及一些辅助的功能子系统组成。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计摘要火灾自动报警系统是一种重要的安全措施，能够及时发现火灾，减少火灾事故的发生。
本文基于单片机设计了一种火灾自动报警系统，系统包括火灾探测器、单片机控制器、报警器和通信模块。
通过对系统进行实验，验证了系统的可行性和有效性，提高了消防安全的水平。
关键词：单片机控制器自动报警系统火灾探测器AbstractFire automatic alarm system is an important safety measure. It can detect the fire timely and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. In this paper, a fire automatic alarm system is designed based on single-chip microcomputer. The system includes fire detectors, single-chip microcomputer controller, alarm and communication module. Through experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of the system are verified, and the level of fire safety is improved.Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer; Controller; Automatic alarm system; Fire detector.一、引言火灾是一种不可预测的事故，给人们带来了极大的危害和损失。
为了减少火灾事故的发生，提高火灾的防范和控制水平，火灾自动报警系统得到了广泛的应用。
火灾自动报警系统是通过火灾探测器、报警器等组成的有线或无线传感器网络，能够实时感知火灾情况并及时发出报警信号，提供快速、准确、可靠的火灾警报，使得现场的管理者能够及时采取保护措施，保障人员和财产的安全。
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机
DOC-火灾报警器中英文文献翻译--基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统-单片机外文文献原稿和译文原稿Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemA.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MScIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoringAbstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of theoverall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thusa more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method. 1 IntroductionRegulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all sensitive areas of the plant orthe building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control pecifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, snuclear plants, residential high-rises etc. A general conclusion of these codes can be specified as the following requirements :(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactlyidentifiable by the central station(b) An extra path of communication between the central station andall local controllers(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in case of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or release, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. Theseadditional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revised to take advantage of these changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. These chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM, IO Ports both serial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet weobtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, because of their remoteness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design,implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of fire detection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the use of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propose a central control and distributedcontrol/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where use is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and observability of the monitoring process.2 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat, smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly useddetector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector outputvoltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. Themore sensitive the detector, themore susceptible it is to falsealarms. In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fireprotection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellent review of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.2.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levelsof system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the centralstation microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators. A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.The classification of the two layers of controls is based uponlayers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)3 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. The system uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power andsignaling. In cases where reliability is of extreme importance, two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.3. 1 Central control taskA central unit provides a centralized point to monitor and control the systemactivities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.3.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existence of otherdecision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration ofthe analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an externalA/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 401/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.4 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit usedto utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig.4 illustrates the same circuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the single microcontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, isfurther regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator, coupled with an external crystal of 2.4576 MHz, supplies the microcontrollerwith its timing signal which is divided internally by four to yield aprocessor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supervised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored foropen- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.5 Main loop6 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-inmonitor called Tutor. The application programs were developed using the features provided by this monitor. The local stations’ controllers were designed using the MC68705R3, single-chip microcontroller.7 References1 ‘Fire protection guidelines for nuclear power plants’, US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.1202 BAGCHI, C.N.: ‘A multi-level distributed microprocessor systemfor a nuclear power plant fire protection system controls, monitoring, and communication’, IEEE Trans., 19823 PUCILL, P.M.: ‘Fire hazard protection, detection and moni toring systems’, Sea. Con, 2, Proceedings of Symposium on ADV in offshore and terminal measurement and control systems, Brighton, England, March 1979, pp. 353-3634 HEAVISID, L.: ‘Offshore fire and explosion detection and fixed fire’. Offshore Technologic al Conference, 12th Annual Proceedings, Houston, Texas, May 1980, pp. 509-5225 CELLENTANI, E.N., and HUMPHREY, W.Y.: ‘Coordinateddetection/communication approach to fire protection’, Specify: Eng.,6 ‘Motorola Microprocessors Data Manual’ (Motorola Se miconductor Products, Austin, Texas, USA)7 Electronic Industries Association : ‘Interface between data terminal equipmentand data communication equipment employing serial binary data interchange’ (EIA Standard RS-232, Washington, DC, 1969)8 MESAROVIC, M.D., MACKO, D., TAKAHARA, Y.: ‘Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems’ (Academic Press, 1970)9 KASSEM, M.: ‘Fire alarm systems’, MSc. thesis, Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 198510 LIE, P., and KOTAMARTI, U.: ‘The design of a fire alarm system using microprocessors’, C481 Project, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Concordia University,Montreal, Canada, 1986译文基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MSc关键词:危险，设计，设备状态监测摘要:火灾探测及报警监控已成为一个复杂而完整的体系。
基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计
基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计摘要：本文基于单片机设计了一种火灾报警系统，该系统采用了烟雾探测器和温度探测器实现对火情的监测，并通过报警器发出警报来提示人员及时进行紧急处理。
本文介绍了该系统的硬件设计和软件设计，以及系统的测试和评估结果。
实验结果表明，该系统能够及时准确地检测到异常，提高了火灾安全的管理效率和可靠性。
关键词：单片机；火灾报警系统；烟雾探测器；温度探测器；报警器1. 引言火灾是一种常见的安全事故，对人们的生命财产造成极大的危害。
因此，如何及时发现火警，减少火灾的危害，已成为人们关注的焦点。
火灾报警系统是一种对火警进行快速检测和及时报警的技术手段，其在现代社会中得到了广泛应用。
基于单片机的火灾报警系统具有体积小、成本低和灵活可靠等优点，逐渐成为研究热点。
2. 硬件设计本文设计的火灾报警系统主要由单片机、烟雾探测器、温度探测器、LCD显示器、蜂鸣器和报警器等部分组成。
其中，单片机作为系统的核心部分，负责实现烟雾和温度的监测和控制。
2.1 烟雾探测器烟雾探测器是实现烟雾监测的核心部分。
本文采用的烟雾探测器是SMOKE-SENSOR-3V3型号，其主要原理是通过探测二氧化碳的含量，监测烟雾浓度的变化。
当烟雾浓度达到一定程度时，烟雾探测器会向单片机发送报警信号，单片机驱动蜂鸣器和报警器发出警报。
2.2 温度探测器温度探测器是实现温度监测的核心部分。
本文采用的温度探测器是DS18B20型号，其主要原理是通过热敏电阻测量环境温度的变化。
当环境温度超过一定程度时，温度探测器会向单片机发送报警信号，单片机驱动蜂鸣器和报警器发出警报。
2.3 LCD显示器LCD显示器是显示系统运行状态的重要部分。
本文采用的LCD显示器是16x2型号，它能够显示系统的报警状态、温度值和烟雾浓度等信息。
2.4 报警器和蜂鸣器报警器和蜂鸣器是实现声音报警的核心部分。
本文采用的报警器是声光报警器，其能够发出强烈的警报声音和闪光灯。
(完整word版)外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计
外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of thesurface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough.Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit designIn order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows:First in telephone storage inside put on domestic host cell phone numberor alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function.2.3 system working principleThe whole system hardware part mainly includes six parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgment to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced2.4 system total diagramIn proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light alarm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation telephone circuit diagram.Figure 3.53 software system design3.1 control module design programMicrocomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1 mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state.Figure 4.1 main program flowchart3.2 system development adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platformThis system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writeable microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype programming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect.4 system debugging and test4.1 software debuggingAdopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then gradually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function.4.2 system debuggingThrough the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is employing redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement.5 closingThis system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.外文翻译基于红外报警技术的防盗系统1 绪论1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。
基于51单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计
基于51单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计This article discusses the design of a fire automatic alarm system based on the 51 single-chip puter and DS18B20 ___ increasing popularity of electronic products。
fire hazards have___。
they also generate heat。
which can lead to increased fire hazards if ___。
it is ___ and property。
The system sets an alarm temperature value。
and the DS18B20 temperature sensor monitors the temperature in real time and displays the temperature value on the LCD1602 liquid crystal display。
If the temperature value exceeds the alarm temperature value。
the buzzer will sound an alarm。
The hardware circuit of this system is simple。
the program complexity is not high。
and it has high reliability。
low cost。
and high stability。
making it practical and valuable。
The key components of the system include the 51 single-chip puter。
基于单片机的火灾报警系统
摘要本文介绍一种基于单片机的火灾报警系统设计实例。
分别说明了系统的硬件电路设计、软件设计、系统的通讯方式及软件的设计思想。
该系统具有误报率低、性能稳定、传输距离远、实用性强等特点。
同国外相比，国内在智能型火灾报警系统的研究上还是有一定的差距的。
我国的智能型火灾报警系统还是存在诸如可靠性、稳定性差:探测器信号处理方法单一，智能化程度低:未能很好解决探测器灵敏度和误报率之间矛盾等问题。
基于火灾报警系统在国内外的的发展状况，这是一项迫切而有意义的设计。
关键词：单片机火灾报警传感器AbstractIt is a design of a fire alarm system based on single chip.It shows the system hardware circuit design, software design, communication systems and the thoughts of software design Respectively. The system has low false positive, stable performance, transmission distance, practical and so on. Compared with other devoloped countries, domestic fire alarm system in the intelligent of research have some distance. Our intelligent fire alarm system still exist, such as reliability, poor stability: a single detector signal processing, low level of intelligence: not well resolved, and the false alarm rate detector sensitivity and other issues between the contradictions.B ased on the development of both domestically and internationally of the fire alarm system , this is an urgent and meaningful design.Keywords: microcontroller, fire alarm, sensor.目录第O章引言 (1)第一章方案论证 (1)1.1 系统的主要技术参数 (1)1.2 单片机的功能比较 (1)1.3 方案的确定 (1)第二章前向通道的设计 (2)2.1 检测元件的选择 (2)2.1.1 温度传感器 (2)2.1.2 TG202烟雾传感器 (3)2.2 A/D转换 (4)2.2.1 A/D转换器的技术指标 (4)2.2.2 ADC0816 介绍 (4)第三章单片机控制系统硬件设计 (5)3.1处理器AT 89C51介绍 (5)3.1.1 AT89C51的主要性能 (5)3.1.2 AT89C51硬件结构及引脚 (6)3.2时钟电路 (8)3.2.1 内部时钟方式 (8)3.2.2外部时钟方式 (9)3.3 复位电路 (9)3.3.1 DS1232的结构 (9)3.3.2 DS1232的功能 (10)3.4 AT89C51单片机的系统扩展 (11)3.4.1 程序存储器的扩展 (11)3.4.2 数据存储器的扩展设计 (12)第四章人机通道配置及接口 (14)4.1键盘及显示接口 (14)4. 2 显示器与显示电路 (14)4.3 8155的原理介绍 (14)4.3.1 8155的引脚及功能介绍 (14)4.3.2 8155的RAM和I/O口地址编码 (16)4.3.3 8155的工作方式与基本操作 (16)4.3.4 8155与单片机AT89C51的接口... (19)第五章相互通道配置与接口技术 .................................... - 21 - 5.1 相互通道..................................................... - 21 - 5.2 通讯接口.........................................................- 21 -第六章系统的软件设计 (23)6.1 下位机系统软件设计 (23)6.1.1 主程序设计 (23)6.2 子程序模块设计 (26)6.2.1 模数转换中断服务程序 (26)6.2.2 键盘扫描子程序： (27)6.2.3 8155动态显示程序设计 (29)结束语 (31)参考文献 (32)概述第0章引言火灾自动报警系统，从发展过程来看，大体可分为三个阶段[1]:第一阶段为多线型火灾自动报警系统，每个探测器除需提供两根电源线外，还需提供一根报警信号线，探测器电源由报警器提供，探测器的信号线均连接到报警显示盘上，报警时点亮相应的指示灯。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统.
火灾自动报警系统的工作原理2.1 系统总体功能概述。
整体电路的框图如图2-1所示：第3章系统硬件设计3.1 核心芯片选择图2-1 系统原理及组成框图1. 芯片AT89S52在火灾报警器的设计中，单片机是其核心部件。
它一方面要接收来自传感器送来的温度、烟雾对应的模拟信号和故障检测信号，另一方面要对这两种信号分别进行处理，以控制后续电路进行相应动作；与此同时查询是否有键按下的请求。
在单片机完成这些工作的过程中，尤其是信号处理中，比较浓度值后送入显示的软件实现比较复杂，要求单片机具备较快的运算速度，使检测人员能够较准确地观测到烟雾浓度，并根据情况进行相应的处理。
并且也要考虑选择低价实用的机型，并为研制同一系列的低功耗产品做准备。
根据多方面的比较，本设计选用ATMEL公司的AT89S52单片机作为控制器。
AT89S52是一个低功耗、高性能的CMOS 8位单片机，片内含4k Bytes(In-system programmable)的可反复擦写1000次的Flash 只读程序存储器，器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术制造兼容标准MCS-51指令系统及80C51引脚结构。
芯片内集成了通用8位中央处理器和ISP Flash存储单元，功能强大的计算机AT89S52可为许多嵌入式控制应用系统提供高性价比的解决方案。
AT89S52片内集成256字节程序运行空间、8K字节Flash存储空间，支持最大64K外部存储扩展。
根据不同的运行速度和功耗的要求，时钟频率可以设置在0-33M之间。
片内资源有4组I/O控制端口、3个定时器、8个中断、软件设置低能耗模式、看门狗和断电保护。
可以在4V到5.5V宽电压范围内正常工作。
不断发展的半导体工艺也让该单片机的功耗不断降低。
根据本次设计的具体情况，采用双列直插DIP-40封装。
AT89S52的引脚图如图3-1所示：图3-1 DIP-40封装AT89S52引脚图2、集成温度传感器AD590图3-2 AD590应用电路AD590是美国Analog Devices公司生产的一种电流型二端传感器，电路如图所示。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统设计
摘要本篇文章通过将单片机与传感器技术相结合，设计出了这套基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统。
本次设计的核心选用ATMEL公司的AT89S52单片机。
AT89S52单片机具有低功耗、高性能等特点，并且能兼容标准MCS-51指令系统及80C51引脚结构。
本次设计选用温度传感器与烟雾传感器对信号进行采集，温度传感器选用美国DALLAS公司生产的DS18B20数字温度传感器，该传感器可直接将温度信号转换成数字信号给单片机，并且能设定温度报警值，电路构造简单，功能较齐全。
烟雾传感器选用MQ-2型半导体可燃气体敏感元件烟雾传感器，该传感器属于气敏传感器，将可燃气体在空气中的含量转换成电压或者电流信号，通过A/D转换器ADC0832将模拟量转换成数字量后送到单片机。
最后通过液晶显示模块显示出气体的浓度与实时温度。
这套基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统的功能较为完善，结构也较为简单，具有很强的实用价值。
关键字：火灾自动报警系统；DS18B20；MQ-2；ADC0832AbstractThis thesis by microcontroller and sensor technology, design a set of microcontroller-based automatic fire alarm system. The design of the core selection ATMEL Corporation AT89S52 MCU. AT89S52 microcontroller with low power consumption, high performance and other features, and is compatible with standard MCS-51 instruction set and 80C51 pin structure. The design uses a temperature sensor and smoke sensor signal acquisition, temperature sensors use the United States produced DALLAS DS18B20 digital temperature sensor, the sensor temperature signal can be directly converted into a digital signal to the microcontroller, and can set the temperature alarm value, the circuit simple structure, functions more complete. Smoke sensor selection MQ-2 type semiconductor combustible gas sensors smoke sensor, the sensor is sensitive sensor, the combustible gas concentration in the air or a current signal into a voltage, the A / D converter converts the analog ADC0832 digital amount and sent to microcontroller. Final selection LED module shows real-time gas concentrations and temperatures. This microcontroller-based automatic fire alarm system function more perfect, the structure is relatively simple, has a strong practical value.Key words:Automatic fire alarming system;DS18B20;MQ-2;ADC0832目录1 绪论 (1)1.1选题背景与意义 (1)1.2本设计的主要内容 (2)2火灾自动报警系统的工作原理 (3)2.1一般火灾系统总体功能 (3)2.2本次设计系统工作原理 (3)2.3火灾报警系统的类型 (4)2.3.1感光型火灾自动报警系统 (4)2.3.2感温型火灾自动报警系统 (5)2.3.3感烟型火灾自动报警系统 (5)2.3.4复合型火灾自动报警系统 (5)2.4火灾探测器的原理 (5)2.4.1光辐射探测器 (5)2.4.2感烟探测器 (6)2.4.3感温探测器 (6)3系统的硬件设计 (7)3.1单片机最小系统的设计 (7)3.1.1单片机的介绍 (7)3.1.2AT89S52的介绍 (8)3.1.3AT89SXX与AT89CXX的比较 (10)3.1.4 单片机最小系统 (11)3.2温度采集模块的设计 (11)3.2.1DS18B20的介绍 (12)3.2.2DS18B20的工作方式 (12)3.2.3温度采集模块 (13)3.3气体采集模块的设计 (13)3.3.1MQ-2气体传感器的介绍 (14)3.3.2MQ-2气体传感器的指标 (14)3.3.3ADC0832模数转换器 (15)3.3.4ADC0832与单片机连接工作原理 (16)3.3.5 气体采集模块 (17)3.4报警电路及显示模块 (18)3.4.1蜂鸣器 (18)3.4.2LED灯 (19)3.4.3按键报警 (19)3.4.4 显示模块 (19)4系统的软件设计 (21)4.1程序编写软件 (21)4.2主程序的流程 (21)4.3温度传感器的流程 (21)4.3.1DS18B20的初始化流程 (22)4.3.2DS18B20的写操作 (22)4.3.3DS18B20的读操作 (23)5 系统的调试 (25)结论 (27)致谢 (29)参考文献 (30)附录A 英文原文 (31)附录B 汉语翻译 (39)附录C 主程序 (47)附录D DS18B20程序 (48)附录E 原理图 (51)1 绪论1.1 选题背景与意义火灾是指可燃物在时间或空间上失去控制的燃烧所带来的灾害。
基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统
目录摘要 (1)ABSTRACT (2)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 选题背景及意义 (1)1.2 本文所做的工作 (1)第2章火灾自动报警系统的工作原理 (2)2.1 系统总体功能概述 (2)2.2 火灾报警系统的类型 (2)2.3 火灾探测器的原理 (3)第3章系统硬件设计 (5)3.1 核心芯片选择 (5)3.2 单片机外围接口电路 (8)3.3 信号处理电路 (10)3.4 A/D转换模块 (10)3.5 声音报警电路 (11)3.6 数码管显示电路 (12)3.7 状态指示灯及控制键电路 (13)3.8 报警器故障自诊断 (14)第4章系统软件设计 (15)4.1 主程序流程图 (15)4.2 主程序初始化流程图 (16)4.3 滤波子程序 (17)4.4 线性化子程序 (18)4.5 报警子程序 (19)4.6 键盘处理子程序 (22)结论 (23)致谢 .................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
参考文献 . (24)摘要目前，随着电子产品在人类生活中的使用越来越广泛，由此引起的火灾也越来越多，在我们生活得四周到处潜伏着火灾隐患。
为了避免火灾以及减少火灾造成的损失，我们必须按照“隐患险于明火，防患胜于救灾，责任重于泰山”的概念设计和完善火灾自动报警系统，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，最大限度地减少社会财富的损失。
本系统适合用于家用火灾报警，它负责不断地向所监视的现场发车巡检信号，监视现场的烟雾浓度，并不断反馈给报警控制器，控制器将接到的信号与内存的正常整定值比较、判断确定火灾。
当发生火灾时，可实现声光报警、故障自诊断、浓度显示、报警限设置等，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾传感器，具有一定的实用价值。
火灾自动报警系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
火灾自动报警系统中英文资料外文翻译文献Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through thesensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarmfrom the scene or reports to the police through the special electriccable near distance, thus causes people's vigilance. Through manyyears research and the development, the present alarm apparatus maysay is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatusrapid development and the social each domain anxious need, can theapplication domain be more and more many, specially is rapidlydevelops in the civil domain.In recent years, the infrared alarmapparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, thereforehad the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Theinfrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divideinto the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the infraredacquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, thesensitivity high, the examination characteristic is good, but needs tocool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examinationsensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisitionsensor is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the infraredacquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared radiationtemperature increment, the temperature elevates causes the sensorinterior certain physical quantities changes, through examinationphysical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind ofsensor works under the room temperature condition, examinationsensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick,moreover has nothing to do with with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background radiationthe limit, the application is very convenient. Thisarticle designs isthe passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisitionaid. In the article mainly elaborated has hotly released theelectricity the principle, hotly releases content and so on manyalarm circuit which the electric detector the characteristic,the BISS0001 signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finallydesigned completes has hotly released the electricity infrareddetection alarm apparatus the hardware electric circuit.With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures.For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance .In the modern urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Goog leruined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so that people should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination ofThe United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head.Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable.Automatic fire alarm system is in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central control system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, evacuation guidance, system process shows that, fire up a complete file management, fire control system.Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing the room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is located in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire extinguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen also shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record the timing, use of the machine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm to give directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transmission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities, by temperature. Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire record of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant systems, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutter, smoke screen and other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue commands to start the corresponding device.(A) of the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manualfire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire response parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, sensitive fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Different types of fire detectors for different types of fires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, automatic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) the fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors Shuchu; Jinxing sound and light alarm; Zhishi specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many other tasks. Fire alarm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, regional monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions applied, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong.The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, with priority being given fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again.(C) fire alarms in automatic fire alarm system to send different from the environment, sound, light the fire alarm signal device called the fire alarms. It sound, light and sound approach to the issue of fire alarm signals alarm area to warn people to adopt safe evacuation, fire fighting and rescue measures.D) Fire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm, automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system and air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back down control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fire communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting control devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normally installed in the fire control center to facilitate the implementation of centralized control. While others set fire control equipment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control.(E) fire alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm system power controller, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire control equipment such as power supply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。
火灾自动报警系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
火灾自动报警系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献nal electronic fire alarm system relies on sensors to automatically detect a fire and trigger an alarm。
which can alert people on the scene or notify the authorities through a special electric cable。
Over the years。
the development of alarm devices has led to a wide range of ns for different ns。
particularly in the civil domain.One popular type of alarm system is the infrared alarm。
which has gained n due to its ability to detect fires without us infrared signals。
making it more secure。
Infrared sensors can be classified into two types: light survey and hot survey。
based on their n mechanisms.To improve the effectiveness of fire alarm systems。
many modern devices also incorporate advanced technologies such as wireless n。
remote monitoring。
and intelligent analysis。
These features enable faster response times and more accurate n。
基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统的设计
基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统的设计火灾是一种非常危险和毁灭性的灾害，为了更好地保护人们的生命和财产安全，设计一种基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统显得尤为重要。
本文将介绍这一系统的设计原理、功能特点以及具体实现方式。
一、设计原理基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统主要由传感器模块、控制模块和报警模块组成。
传感器模块负责监测环境温度和烟雾浓度，控制模块负责采集传感器模块的数据并进行分析判断，当检测到火灾情况时，控制模块会触发报警模块进行报警。
设计原理主要包括以下几个方面：1.传感器模块的选择：为了能够准确地监测环境温度和烟雾浓度，需要选择精准的传感器模块。
常见的温度传感器有DS18B20和LM35等，烟雾传感器一般采用MQ-2或MQ-7。
2.控制模块的设计：控制模块首先需要对传感器模块的数据进行采集，并进行分析判断。
一旦检测到异常情况，控制模块会触发报警模块进行报警，同时还需要进行相应的救援措施，比如关闭电源、启动灭火系统等。
3.报警模块的选择：报警模块一般包括声光报警器和无线报警器，声光报警器主要是通过发出高分贝的警报声和闪烁的警示灯来提醒人们，无线报警器则可以通过手机或其他设备发送报警信息给相关人员。
二、功能特点基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统具有以下几个功能特点：1.高灵敏度：采用高精度的温度传感器和烟雾传感器，能够快速准确地监测环境温度和烟雾浓度，一旦有异常情况立即做出相应的反应。
2.智能判断：控制模块内置了智能算法，可以对传感器模块采集的数据进行分析判断，能够有效地区分火灾情况和其他异常情况，减少误报。
3.多种报警方式：系统内置了声光报警器和无线报警器，能够通过多种方式提醒人们及时逃生和采取应对措施。
4.可远程监控：系统可以与手机或其他设备连接，用户可以随时随地通过手机或电脑查看监测数据和接收报警信息，提升了火灾预防和处理的效率。
三、具体实现方式基于单片机的火灾智能报警控制系统的具体实现方式主要包括硬件设计和软件设计两方面。
基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统的设计
基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统的设计Design Of Intelligent Fire Alarm SystemBased On SCM学生姓名：所在学院：所在专业：指导教师：职称：所在单位：论文提交日期：论文答辩日期：学位授予单位：目录摘要 (I)Abstract .............................................................................................................................. I I 第1章绪论. (1)1.1 论文研究背景 (1)1.2 研究现状 (1)1.3 论文研究内容 (2)第2章火灾报警系统分析 (3)2.1 系统整体分析 (3)2.2 系统工作原理 (3)2.3监测器材研究 (3)2.3.1烟雾传感器 (3)2.3.2温度传感器 (5)第3章硬件模块设计 (6)3.1控制模块 (6)3.2温度传感器模块 (6)3.3烟雾传感器模块 (7)3.4 电源模块 (8)3.5 状态指示灯及蜂鸣器 (9)3.6 系统硬件电路原理图设计 (9)3.6.1 开发环境介绍 (9)3.6.2 硬件原理图设计 (9)第4章软件程序设计 (11)第5章软件仿真 (13)结论 (17)参考文献............................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
攻读学士学位期间发表的论文和取得的科研成果......................... 错误!未定义书签。
致谢................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
基于单片机消防报警系统
基于单片机消防报警系统Abstract:As fire accidents pose a significant threat to humanlife and property, an efficient fire alarm system plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the premises. This paper presents a design and implementation of a microcontroller-based fire alarm system. The system uses a simple yet effective temperature sensor to detect any unusual rise in temperature in the room and triggers an alarm in case of a significant temperature increase. The system has been designed using the ATmega328P microcontroller and is programmed in C language using the Arduino IDE. The system is low-cost, easy to install, and can be customized as per the specific requirements of the premises. The system is tested extensively under various fire conditions, and the results show that it is reliable and efficient.Introduction:Fires are among the most dangerous hazards that can occur in any building or structure. Early detection of a fire is crucial to minimize damage and save lives. A fire alarm system is designed to detect a fire and issue an audibleand/or visual alert so that people can evacuate the premises safely. The traditional flame and smoke detectors used infire alarm systems are expensive and require regular maintenance. Microcontroller-based fire alarm systems offer an efficient and cost-effective solution.The main objectives of this research are to design and implement a microcontroller-based fire alarm system that candetect fires promptly and relay the information to a central monitoring system. This research aims to develop a low-cost and effective fire alarm system for use in small buildingsand residential homes.Methodology:The microcontroller-based fire alarm system uses a temperature sensor to detect any unusual rise in temperaturein the room. The temperature sensor is connected to theanalog input of the microcontroller. The ATmega328P microcontroller is programmed using the Arduino IDE, and the system is powered using a 12V DC power supply. The systemuses an LED and a buzzer as output devices to indicate the status of the system.The system is designed to activate an alarm when the temperature increases beyond a pre-determined threshold value, indicating a possible fire. The threshold value can beadjusted as per the requirement of the premises. The systemis configured to send an alert message to the central monitoring system using a wireless communication module, such as Wi-Fi or GSM.The system is tested under different fire conditions, such as smoldering fires, flaming fires, and electrical fires. The performance of the system is evaluated based on the response time and reliability of the system.Results:The microcontroller-based fire alarm system developed in this research is reliable and efficient. The system candetect fires promptly and activate the alarm, warning peoplein the premises of the danger. The system has a response time of less than five seconds, which is much faster thantraditional flame and smoke detectors. The system is low-costand easy to install, making it suitable for use in small buildings and residential homes.Conclusion:Microcontroller-based fire alarm systems offer a cost-effective and efficient solution to detect fires in buildings and structures. The system developed in this research is reliable and efficient, and it can be customized as per the specific requirements of the premises. This system can be integrated with a central monitoring system, allowing quick and efficient response to fires. Future work can focus on implementing a wireless communication module and developing an app for remote monitoring of the system.。
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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：**********外文出处：IEEE/IET(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统摘要：本文介绍了基于单片机的自动仓库火灾自动报警系统。
该系统主要由ATmega16的，温度传感器，烟雾传感器，EX-1自动拨通报警模块。
在系统，温度信号转换为串行数据，烟雾信号转化为电压信号。
由MCU的所有数据进行处理。
监控系统检查时，在仓库防火，报警信号被打开，同时消息通过EX-1传送到管理者。
该系统的应用是由仓库经理有效地处理火灾。
关键词：火灾报警传感器，烟雾传感器系统; ATmega16的温度传感器，烟雾传感器1 序言火灾自动报警控制系统经历了一个过程，从简单到复杂和情报系统在中国越来越多。
其特点是自动火灾探测报警技术，随着计算机和检测技术的发展有很大的进步。
目前，火灾自动报警控制系统采用大容量的抽水蓄能电站，商场，高层办公楼，酒店和其他地方。
他们被用在一些更高层次的总线型报警控制系统，智能报警控制方法的一个区域集中的集合，在一些居民区和商业楼宇安装了由单一的火灾自动报警检测装置。
这些检测报警装置，有时失败报告，或误传。
它的可靠性不高，因为使用单一传感器。
因此，需要开发具有结构简单，成本低，可靠性高，响应快的火灾自动检测系统。
2 该系统的一般项目硬件框图如图1所示，由温度传感器，烟雾传感器，信号处理模块，MCU模块和自动报警模块的硬件。
非电气量，是通过传感元件传感器（烟雾传感器和成电信号，信号处理以及信号转换成模拟量，数字量，温度传感器）将现场温度，烟雾等非电信号。
最后，对采样数据进行处理，并与单片机系统的限制。
该系统可以产生本地和远程自动报警信号。
温度传感器烟雾传感器信号处理PD0 PD1SCM自动报警模块电话机图1。
火灾自动报警系统结构3 硬件组件A. Atmega16美国爱特梅尔的微控制器ATmega16单片机所使用的系统。
ATmega16的基于A VR RISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器提高。
由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16的数据吞吐量高达1 MIPS / MHz的。
从而减轻系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。
ATmega16的有以下特点：16K字节的系统内可编程Flash（读取和写在同一时间，也就是有能力，RWW区），512字节EEPROM，1K字节SRAM，32个通用I / O口线，32个通用工作寄存器，JTAG边界扫描接口，支持片上调试编程，3定时器/计数器（T / C），片内/外中断，可编程串行USART有更灵活的方式，有初始条件探测器通用串行接口，8通道10位具有可选差分输入级可编程增益（TQFP封装）的ADC，片上振荡器的可编程看门狗定时器，一个SPI串行端口，以及六个可以通过软件节电模式选择。
该芯片是以Atmel高密度非易失性内存技术生产的片上ISP Flash允许程序存储器通过ISP串行接口或编程的通用编程，你也可以运行在A VR内核之间的自举程序。
引导程序可以使用任何接口下载申请快闪记忆体领域（应用快闪记忆体）。
应用程序更新Flash存储区时引导Flash区（引导闪存）程序继续运行，RWW区操作实现。
ATmega16的成为一个强大的8位RISC CPU的微控制器和系统单芯片可编程闪存，为许多嵌入式控制应用，提供了一个灵活和具有成本效益的解决方案。
ATmega16的一个编程和系统开发工具集，包括：C语言编译器，宏汇编，程序调试器/软件仿真器，仿真器和评估板。
B. 温度传感器Dallas半导体公司的DS18B20-型单智能温度传感器的温度传感器制造，其性能特点包括：1）该传感器具有单总线专用技术，通过串口电缆，还可以通过其它I / O 口线和电脑接口，无需通过其他转换电路直接输出被测温度值（9位二进制数，用符号位）。
2）温度范围为-55℃〜+125℃，测量分辨率为0。
0625℃。
3）包含64修订通过激光只读存储器ROM。
4）适合各种单片机或系统机。
5）用户可以设置每个温度的上限和下限分道扬镳。
6）包括寄生电源。
DS18B20与主芯片连接图如图2所示：DS18B20的数字一个引脚接地，然后在第三针和第二针，然后5。
1K的上拉电阻，在同一时间，收到了单一的PD0引脚输出信号。
拉是拉电阻器的电流限制在同一时间通过嵌入在高的地方，阻力不确定性的信号。
计划，以确保从DQ引脚处于高阻抗状态开始，让你可以上拉电阻拉来的高DQ的。
在同时主芯片也可以是外部的现场报警蜂鸣器。
图2。
DS18B20与主芯片连接图。
C.烟雾监控模块烟雾传感器选择HIS-07离子烟雾探测器，通过内外电离室电离电子流的流动不平衡时，集电极收费，直到目前的电离平衡。
在无烟或无燃烧，收集受到碰撞电离电流的统计波动，保持平衡的潜力。
电离电流影响烟雾进入电离室，容易进入电离室烟雾外，比内的影响，重新充电，直到新的平衡电位和集电极电流下降电离电离室时，这种潜在的变化可以用触发报警电路。
技术参数如表1。
表I.HIS-07离子烟雾传感器THCHNICAL数据Table Head Table Column head集电极电位减少透光率的4%/英尺 2.2v减少透光率的1%/英尺0.6v电容 6PF平衡电位收集器 5.5±0.3V烟雾信号处理芯片的选择，是摩托罗拉公司的MC14468，DIP16管脚封装的MC14468，包含振荡器，定时器，闩锁，当没有检测到烟雾报警控制逻辑电路，高输入阻抗比较等，MC14468内部振荡器，振荡周期1.67s。
每个1.67s循环内部电源提供整个芯片的工作。
这一切都保持除了指示灯闪烁，电池电压报警器，烟雾报警器检测到任何烟雾。
振荡器的振荡周期变为40ms的MC14448一旦检测烟雾，此时压电蜂鸣器驱动电路开始振荡时，开始能够输出保持高160毫秒后停止在戒烟的变化检测80ms.Continued在这个时候，如果没有检测到烟雾蜂鸣器会不会发出警告声。
在图3中，MC144681针联合PD1引脚单片机作为弱侧蔓延检获15 MC14468内部的逻辑处理电路处理，现场烟雾探测和变化，产生电压变化的离子电流的离子室时，烟雾检测引脚输出高微控制器处理。
13针，然后滑动变阻器时LED闪烁，蜂鸣器响起了刺耳的声音音频报警时，该部门有火灾报警信号，以方便检测的灵敏度。
在图3中，MC144681针联合PD1引脚单片机作为弱侧蔓延检获15 MC14468内部的逻辑处理电路处理，现场烟雾探测和变化，产生电压变化的离子电流的离子室时，烟雾检测引脚输出高微控制器处理。
13针，然后滑动变阻器设置，以方便检测的灵敏度，当LED闪烁和蜂鸣器刺耳的声音响起了一个声音报警，当部门有火灾报警信号。
图3。
烟雾检测电路D.自动拨号报警模块拨号报警模块的选择是EX-1拨号模块是一个DTMF信号的接收，存储和发送作为一体化通信电路。
单片机和拨号管理过程中建立的模块可以为用户提供的各种信号输入和输出端口，防盗报警，信号采集，自动控制，远程通信和信息传输领域，如灵活的应用，。
5组，可以有7个本地电话号码的手机或组存储，掉电不丢失;电话线路状态检测，自动故障信号输出;电话/外部切换两种拨号状态控制;触发时间，9次循环拨号预设号码;独立工作，独立的拨号上网，不依靠电话和其他外部设备。
EX-1接线图，在图4所示，将PD4引脚连接主芯片氚，模块开始拨号报警台PD4输出高电平信号，PD5连接ON/ OFF端子输入是高电平信号打开拨号设置，输入不工作时，此引脚变低，错误连接引脚PD6单片机引脚PD6输出1开始测试是否完成电话线路故障，READY引脚连接单片机的PD7引脚检测和报警，报警结束当PD7引脚是高的。
图4 EX-1接线图4.主程序流程图开始初始化N有烟雾信号？YR0=1收集温度信号N达到报警值？YR1=1READY=1?拨号报警图5。
主程序流程图因为在火灾和阴燃阶段的早期阶段会产生大量的气溶胶粒子和烟雾粒子。
阶段初期火灾的物质在燃烧过程中产生大量的热量，所以应使用烟雾传感器和温度传感器结合，先用烟雾传感器检测是否有烟生成，然后温度传感器检测到的温度，温度传感器报警值设置为50度。
当检测到烟雾R0为1，不吸烟，R0为0。
然后进行测试时的温度，当温度达到季节性预警R1的值是1，季节温度值达到预警R1为0，在这个时候相比，R0和R1等于主芯片拨号报警，如果不等于不报警重新测试。
这烟雾传感器和温度传感器配合使用，大大提高了检测的可靠性，防止漏报，误报，程序流程图如图5所示。
5. 总结自动报警系统的使用温度和烟雾传感器，通过检测现场的温度和烟，合作，可以找到任何在仓库失火，仓库管理人员通过短消息的形式发送消息，在早期。
所以它的应用可以大大减少火灾损失，提高了仓库的安全可靠性比以前单一的火灾报警设备，并防止失败的报告和误导。
该系统具有可靠性高，价格低，灵敏度高。
参考文献[1] 苗顺兵，熊光明，李永平等等火灾自动报警系统的设计与研究，机械制造技术，2006（2），p909。
[2] 良玉葛，办公大楼火灾的智能分析。
[3] 周倜。
建筑消防系统的设计，云南建设，2008（6）。
[4] 霍尼韦尔,建筑设备监控系统，智能建筑与城市信息，2008（4）[5] 德里克·克莱门茨 - Croome，智能建筑设计，管理和操作，托马斯Telford 出版社，2004。
[6] 张华中，火灾自动报警及消防指挥系统基于因特网的联动控制，计算机工程，2001年。
[7] ANSI，辐射能传感的火灾探测器，火灾自动报警信号，美国ANSI/ FMRC FM3260-2004年。
附件2：外文原文（复印件）Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU Abstract: The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager.Keywords: fire alarm transducer;smoke sensor system;ATmega16;temperature transducer;smoke sensorI. INTRODUCTIONAutomatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technology development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system.II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEMThe hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analogquantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals.Temperature IonizationTransducer smoke detectorsignalprocessingPD0 PD1SCMauto alarmmoduleT ephoneelInter f ace…Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structureⅢ. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTSA. Atmega16The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcontroller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction between the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stage programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator ofprogrammable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards.B. Temperature SensorTemperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS Semiconductor DS18B20-type single intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include:1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).2) Temperature range is -55 ℃ ~ +125 ℃, measurement resolution of 0. 0625 ℃.3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM.4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine.5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit.6) Includes parasitic power.DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip also can be an external site alarm buzzer.Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram.C. Smoke Monitoring ModuleSmoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionization balance. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1.TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATATable Head Table Column headEquilibrium potential collector 5.5±0.3VCollector potential with the smokeReduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6VReduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2VCapacitor 6PFSmoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the Motorola company’s MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.Figure 3.Smoke detection circuitD. Auto-dial alarm moduleDial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone and other external devices.EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high .Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagramIV. SOFIW AREDESIGNstartATmega16InitializeNwhether there aresmoke signals?YR0=1collectiontemperaturesignalwhether the Nalarm value?YR1=1dial-up alarmREADY=1?YFigure 5. The main program flow chartBecause in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substancesin the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when the temperature reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction with greatly improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5.V. CONCLUSIONBy the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages. So its application could greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm, and prevent failing of reporting and misinformation. The system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity.REFERENCES[1] Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909.[2] Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire.[3] Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6).[4] Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4).[5] Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004.[6]Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001.[7] ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004.。