研究生英语(多维教程)翻译答案
研究生英语多维教程课后翻译(全)
Unit oneTranslation and WritingAIn the past, when explorers or merchants went out into the world to find new lands or markets or sources of raw materials, they often did not share a language with the people with whom they came into contact. When this situation was encountered, one of three solutions was adopted: (1) the foreigners learned the language of their host (or vice versa), (2) they used some third language commonly employed in the region for trading purposes, or (3) a new language emerged, made up of elements from the various native languages of its users. Language that are used for communication among speakers of different language used in the Mediterranean region and based largely on Romance languages (Italian, French, and Spanish) but also containing elements of Greek, Arabic, and Turkish. In the modern world, it is fair to say that English is the most important lingua franca, since it is used as a means of communication between large numbers of people who do not otherwise share a common language.在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译及课后练习参考答案
Unit3 美国人的酷爱我父亲是别克人。
在经济大萧条以前，他本是史达兹人。
然而，就像成千上万经济状况处于上升阶段的有车族一样，那场可悲的经济逆转使他们非得调整对汽车的胃口不可。
到他死的时候，他开过的那些别克轿车就不只是普通意义上的交通工具了，而且将父亲定位于这样的社会阶层——比庞蒂亚克人富有，但比不上克迪拉克人。
拥有别克轿车让人一看便知父亲的社会地位。
与别克人相当的还有福特人和克莱斯勒人。
我们美国人与汽车的特殊缘分，其坚实的基础就在于对一种轿车品牌的忠诚，这种忠诚因其来之不易而倍受珍惜。
·这就是爱吗?也许用词过分，可美国人对这些机器的尊重甚过所有其他机器——不仅将它们视为20世纪雕塑大观中的标志，而且还将它们视为社会的护身符。
我记忆中的第一辆别克车是一辆闪闪发亮的黑色轿车，椅子的衬垫是厚厚的马海毛，离合器拉杆是新式的。
我父亲爱吹嘘说这辆车一小时能跑120英里。
一想到这样的速度就会令男人们兴奋不已。
我照着家里的菲尔可牌收音机盒里播出的格林，霍利特驾驶的那个神秘机器的名字，给这头漂亮的牲口取了个名副其实的绰号——黑美驹。
20世纪中，电话、电视或者个人电脑，这一切都使人类环境发生了巨大变化。
然而，与电话、电视、电脑不同的是，汽车却享有人格化的地位。
有些汽车可以成为家庭成员，机械宠物。
我们给汽车起名字，在自己·家的车道上精心打扮汽车，在汽车不能满足我们的需要时诅咒它们。
在折旧换新之时为旧车的离去而悲哀。
人们对汽车的热爱让环境保护者、安全为重的倡导者以及社会工程师们感到不安。
他们认为通往人间天堂的道路应该到处都铺设公交运输所必备的发亮轨道。
他们想象着我们加入未来拥挤不堪的自行车行列，而不是像一位激动不已的评论家所预见的那样，坐在“傲慢的双轮马车”方向盘后。
这种态度不是现在才有的。
首先是铁路，接着是汽车造成的人口流动早已使得守旧的特权阶层感到不安。
在战场上有过辉煌，但却以鄙视下层民众而出名的威林顿公爵在150年前就曾反对英国发展铁路，这是因为火车只会怂恿普通人毫无意义地到处走动。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程探索课后练习答案(完整版)
Unit OneKeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
研究生英语多维教程课文翻译及课后答案精编版
第一部分课文翻译旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组) byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution‟——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
【VIP专享】研究生英语多维教程探索课后句子翻译答案中英文对照版
1 One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.有一种理论，把对目的语的敏感性视作语言学习中最重要的因素之一。
2 In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films.为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语原版电影出租给他们。
3 On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shop, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其他许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多的大减价的招贴。
4 When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by the public.当某一语言中的一些不符合语法的表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐被地被公众所接受。
5 The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.这家企业倒闭，不是因为资金缺乏而是因为管理不善。
6 Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.广告通常突出所宣传的产品或服务来招揽顾客。
研究生多维教程通达课文解释及课后答案unit1-unit3
博士英语多维教程通达课文解释及课后答案！Unit 1 What Will BeBackground InformationLanguage PointsKey to Exercises1.We’ve now acknowledged some fundamental ancient human forces and the ways they will affect and be affected by the Information Marketplace. And throughout the course of this book we’ve answered the questions we raised at the very beginning. So it is time to finally consider the greatest transformation that the Information Marketplace ha to offer. To get to it, let’s reconstruct the growing crescendo of key discoveries we have made, which together describe “what will be.”2.We began with a simple but far-reaching model of the future world of information as an Information Marketplace, where people and their computers will buy, sell, and freely exchange information. Our first discovery was that this Information Marketplace can indeed be built on a technological foundation: the information infrastructure. We went on to explore the many human-machine interfaces people will use to get in and out of this new edifice, from virtual reality and fancy bodysuits to the lowly keyboard, and singled out speech interfaces as perhaps the most significant and imminent. We explored the pipes that will carry our information and the ways we will bend them to give us the speed, reliability, and security we need. We also saw how a vast array of new shared software tools will evolve on this infrastructure, shifting the attention of the entire software business from individual to interconnected computers. The arrival of this foundation is certain, but it could be delayed by a decade or more if the key players continue their wars for control and their indifference toward the shared infrastructure they all need. We saw too that there won’t be just a handful of winners that will survive t hese wars; the terrain is vast, rich, and full of challenges for almost every supplier and consumer of information to be a winner.3.Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramaticallyaffect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe and generally permeate the thousands of thins we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny companies to entire national governments will benefit too, because so much of the work they do is information work.4.Putting all these detailed uses in perspective, we came to realize that they are different faces of two major new forces: electronic bulldozers and electronic proximity. Each has broad consequences for society. The electronic bulldozers’ effect is primarily economic, increasing human productivity in both our personal lives and the workplace. The rapid, widespread distribution of information in the form of info-nouns (text, photos, sounds, video) and especially info-verbs (human and machine work on information) is one simple way in which productivity will increase. Automatization is the other powerful effector; machine-to-machine exchanges will off-loaded human brain work the way machines of the Industrial Revolution off-loaded muscle work. We concluded, however, that to enjoy the productivity benefits we will have to avoid and correct certain technological and human pitfalls.5.To better understand the economic impact of the Information Marketplace, we explored the value of information and its consequences. This led us to a few troublesome discoveries: the huge amount of info-junk we’ll have to work hard to avoid and the gap between rich and poor nations (and people) that will increase if we do nothing to stop it. Other economic consequences were less clear, like the unemployment rate ov er the long run, which we can’t fore cast even though we can foresee many new types of jobs.6.Another important discovery from these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to customize information and information work to different huma n and organizational needs. To leverage this power, we’ll need to make our machines considerably easier to use that they are today. With increased productivityand customization, we can look forward to a larger array of better, cheaper. More customized products and services that will reach us even faster than before. More important, by making machines easier to use and giving ourselves the ability to fashion software painlessly and rapidly, we can fulfill the promise of the Information Age to tailor the new technologies to our individual human and organizational purposes, rather than the other way around.7.The second of the two major forces --- electronic proximity --- will increase bya thousand times the number of people we can easily reach and will bring people together across space and time. Many social consequences, good and bad, will arise as this new proximity distributes powers of control from central authorities to the many hands of the world’s people. Groupwork and telework will further help impro ve human productivity. Democracy will spread, as will people’s knowledge of one another’s beliefs, wishes, and problems. The voiceless millions of the world will come to be heard and be better understood, provided that the wealthy nations help the less wealthy ones enter the Information Club. Ethnic groups may become more cohesive, as people belonging to a certain tribe use the Information Marketplace to bind themselves together regardless of where they may be. At the same time. The Information Marketplace will help shared cultures grow in nations that thrive on diversity.And though we need not change our legal framework in any major way to accommodate the Information Marketplace, different nations will need to cooperate on shared conventions for security, billing, and other transnational issues that will surely arise as shared information crosses international barriers. On another level, electronic proximity will foster a shared universal culture, a thin veneer on top of all the world’s individual national cultures. We hope that this ecumenical property of the Information Marketplace to enhance the co-existence of nationalistic identity and international community will help us understand one another and stay peaceful.8.Our exploration then brought us squarely before human emotions and human relationships. We discovered that they will pass only partially through eh Information Marketplace. Physical proximity will still be necessary to consummate these emotions and recharge the batteries that will sustain human relationships between virtual encounters. Finally, we discovered that the primitive forces of the cave that lie at the roots of our emotions and passions do not pass through theInformation Marketplace; deep down, our psyches know that 1s and 0s cannot love, nurture, hurt, or kill us at a distance. Because many of our most valued actions and decisions involve these forces like trust, love, and fear --- the information world will not be a substitute for the physical world.9.Given all these possibilities for change, we considered what might happen when they bump up against the ancient human beings that we are and have been for thousands of years. Predictably, we discovered that we will have difficulty coping with the increased social and technological complexity and overload brought forth by the Information Marketplace. Though we will be potentially close to hundreds of millions of people, we will be able to deal with only a very few of them at any given time. Yet we saw that we might be able to reduce some of these complexity problems by making the artifacts of the Information Age easier to use --- a primary goal for the technologists of the twenty-first century.10.The Information Marketplace will make of us urban villagers --- half urban sophisticate, roaming the virtual globe, and half villager, spending more time at home and tending to family, friends, and the routines of the neighborhood. If our psyches tilt toward the crowded urban info-city, we will become more jaded, more oriented toward the self, and more indifferent, fickle, and casual in our relationships with others, as well as less tightly connected to our families and friends. If we tilt toward the village, we may be surprised by a resurgence of more closely knit families rooted in our tighter human bonds. Indeed, if we use it correctly, the Information Marketplace can be a powerful magniying lens that can amplify goodness --- employing disabled and home-bound workers, matching help needed with help offered via the Virtual Compassion Corps, and helping people learn and stay healthy, among many other possibilities.11.Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the Information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, whatever they may be. Some proclaim that the world of information can stand out only by offering educationally and culturally rich opportunities that will benefit humanity. Others will use the Information Marketplace as a new battle ground for the familiar disputes --- capitalism versus socialism, greed versus compassion. Materialism versus spiritualism, practicality versus abstraction --- all suitably described as ‘new’ issues. As in the case ofmoney, there is hardly and event, action, or process that is not linked to and affected by information, so such arguments can sound plausible. But they should not deceive us; the discerning eye w8ill distinguish that which is likely from that which is merely possible.12.The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much more influential than its parts --- the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power --- the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than the ability to send an e-mail message, or to have give hundred TV channels.13.The Information Marketplace will transform our society over the next century as significantly as the two industrial revolutions, establishing itself solidly and rightfully as the Third Revolution in modern human history. It is big, exciting, and awesome. We need not fear it any more or any less than people feared the other revolutions, because it carries similar promises and pitfalls. What we needed to do, instead, is understand it, feel it, and embrace it so that we may use it to steer our future human course.14.We could stop here, after putting all these discoveries together, satisfied and impressed with our overarching vision of a third socioeconomic revolution. However, if we look even deeper at the bold and historic imperative that the Information Marketplace calls us to embrace, we will see all three revolutions as part of a far greater movement, well beyond combines, steam engines, and computer --- a movement toward a new age that may liberate the total human potential within each of us.15.On to our final discovery.Background InformationAbout the author and the bookFor two decades, technological oracle, entrepreneur, and consultant Michael policymakers and CEOs (i.e. chief executive officers) on the future course and impact of these technologies. In 1980 Dertouzos predicted today’s world of information with stunning accuracy. Now, in What Will Be he charts a unique and richly detailed map of the ways information technology will alter every facet of our public and private lives, from a few years to a century hence.Dertouzos heads the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science － home of the World Wide Web and birthplace of many of the high-tech products and processes that surround us today. In What Will Be, he offers the ultimate insider’s preview of the inventions that will usher in a Third Revolution to rival the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. And in deft and detailed analysis, Dertouzos reveals the changes we will experience in everyday life, in the pursuit of pleasure, health, learning, office work, commerce, manufacturing, and governance. Debunking the starry-eyed view of new technology promoted by many commentators － while taking the Luddites firmly to task －Dertouzos unveils a crisp picture of the new century’s global information marketplace and shows how it will affect one-half of the world’s industrial economies. He uncovers what’s wrong with technology, explains how we can right the wrongs, and identifies the key trade-offs tomorrow will bring. Dertouzos even highlights what aspects of our society and ourselves will never be altered by technology and offers an inspiring blueprint for how new tech could bridge the centuries-old gaps between reason and the spirit.Bill Gates wrote the foreword to the book. The book has three parts: I. Shaping the Future, which explains the new technologies so that readers can judge unfolding events for themselves; II. How Your Life Will Change, which imagines how and justifies why our lives will be recast; and III. Reuniting Technology and Humanity, which assesses the impact of these changes on our society and our humanity.some fundamental ancient human forcesDertouzos points out that no matter how powerful and pervasive a technological force may be, it will face some immutable human trait that will always act to conserve the constancy and stability of our species. We carry the features and mannerisms of our ancestors as well as our common reflexes and human patterns acquired through evolution. The fear, love, anger, greed, and sadness that we feel today are rootedin the caves that we inhabited thousand of years ago. It was in that ancient setting that the predator’s growl and the enemy’s attack defined primal fear. It was there, too, that our other primal feelings became reinforced － protecting our children, enjoying the pleasure of physical contact with our mate, relying on our fellow tribes people, and so on. These are the forces of the cave. In the new world of information, these fundamental human qualities haven’t left us.the information MarketplaceDertouzos thinks that there is great confusion in the world today about what the “Information Age” is , both physically and functionally. The model of an Information Marketplace is a clean way to envision both. In this Information Marketplace, people and machines buy, sell, and freely exchange information and information services.the questions we raised at the very beginningIn Chapter One of Part I Shaping the Future, the author lists a number of questions the book will tackle. They include: Will computers increase the industrial performance of the world’s nations, or is the help they offer irrelevant to that quest? Will our way of life improve through cheaper, faster, and higher-quality health care and a greater access to knowledge? Or is better information a minor player in these quests? What new software will flourish in the Information Marketplace? How close to the real world can we get wit goggles, tactile bodynets, virtual “feelies” and “ smellies”? Will ordinary citizens be better heard by their governments, or are electronic town halls impossible or achiev3e? What will happen to human relationships?the information infrastructureThe Information Marketplace is more extensive than a village market. It is closer to a bustling metropolis where many people, shops, offices, and organizations busily conduct millions of personal and commercial interactions in pursuit of their own goals. In a real city, these activities are supported by a shared foundation － an infrastructure of roads for the transportation of people and goods; of pipes and wires for moving water, electricity, and phone conversations; of door, locks, andpolice that maintain order; and of some agreed-upon conventions like a common language a nd accepted behaviors t5hat facilitate interactions among the city’s people.In exactly the same way, the Information Marketplace is built on a shared infrastructure made up of all the information tools and services that enable its many activities to function smoothly and productively. This infrastructure will be distributed and owned by all us, not a single organization. It will move the data, voice, text, and X-ray images in the severe-asthma scenario by negotiating automatically with phone, cable, satellite, and wireless carriers and with the kiosk and computers at the radiology lab and doctors’ offices. The infrastructure will support all the online interviews and reviews people will perform in their daily jobs. And it will help transact all the business from the World Shop.virtual realityIt’s a system that enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment. Various types of devices allow uses to sense and manipulate virtual objects much as they would real objects. This natural style of interaction gives participants the feeling of being immersed in the simulated world. Virtual worlds are crated by mathematical models and computer programs.electronic bulldozers and electronic proximityAccording to Dertouzos, ultimately most of the hardware and communications technologies, human-machine interfaces, middleware, and information infrastructures will either serve as electronic bulldozers or create electronic proximity. The bulldozers will relieve us of the burden of human work, either by completely replacing information-related human activities or by augmenting our ability to carry out these activities with less human work － in short, by increasing our productivity.The second new force arising from the Information Marketplace is electronic proximity. During the Industrial Age people’s physical mobility expanded tremendously, widening a person’s universe of potential relationships from a few hundred village neighbors to hundreds of thousand of people within driving range.As a result, our proximity to people whom we could reach grew a thousandfold. Incredibly, the Information Marketplace will increase this range by yet another thousandfold, to hundreds of millions of people who will be within electronic reach, That is the essence of the gigantic new force we call kilometers but in keystrokes and other electronic gesture, the whole scene will resemble a billion people and machines all squeezed into one electronic city block.two industrial revolutionsThe first industrial revolution began in England when the steam engines was invented in the middle of the eighteenth century. The appearance of the internal combustion engine, electricity, synthetic chemicals, and the automobile by the end of the nineteenth century marked the second industrial revolution.Language Points1.crescendo : a sound or a piece of music that becomes gradually louder; a time when people are becoming more and more excited, anxious, or angrye.g. In the past ten days Zaire has published a mounting crescendo of attacks on Belgium.A crescendo of resentment was built up between the two companies because of series of conflicts in trade transactions.rise to/ reach a crescendo: become gradually loudere.g. It’s possible for the organist to reach a very quick crescendo by using all these stops.2.interface: [C] the part of a computer system through which two different machines are connected; the way in which two subjects, events etc. affect each othere.g. In a press conference, the Prime Minister proposed some new ways of involving young people with the interface between technology and design.They have just designed a new interface between a computer and a typesetting machine, which works extremely well.v.:[+with] connect; cooperatee.g. interface a device with a computerThe computer technicians interface with the flight controllers.3.single out: choose, select one person or thing from among several for special comment, treatment etc.e.g. I imagine that to be singled out by the Captain for a farewell luncheon is indeed an honor.Nana and Margaret were singled out for special praise for their outstanding performance during the experiment.4.imminent : about to happen, usu. Used in reference to things that are unpleasant or that you think will prove to be unpleasante.g. The report points out that there does not seem to be an imminent danger of amine on a world scale.With the election imminent, Churchill returned to London before the meeting was finished.5.We explored the pipes that will carry our information and the ways we will bend them to give us the speed, reliability, and security we need: We search for the pipes that can transfer our information and the way s we will manipulate and apply them to offer us the speed, reliability and security we need. Here the complete clause for “the ways we will bend them” is “ the ways in which we will bend them”. When the preposition “in” is combined with “way” to introduce an attributive clause, it is often omitted.bend v.: focus, apply; force to submite.g. He is very firm about it; I cannot bend him.Anyone who applies for this position in the company should bend his or her will to corporate goals.6.The arrival of this foundation is certain, but it could be delayed by a decade or more if the key players continue their wars for control and their indifference toward the shared infrastructure they all need.: Here the word “they” refers to “the key players”. According to the foregoing sentences, key players are “the computer, software, media, telecom, and cable companies”.indifference n.:[U] a complete lack of interest in sth. or someonee.g. Many native speakers of a language show indifference to /towards grammatical points.His attitude to his work is one of bored indifference.7.permeate vt.: penetrate wholly, pervade, soak throughe.g. Toxic chemicals may permeate the soil, threatening the environment.Changes in civilian life have not yet begun to permeate the army.putting all these detailed uses in perspective, we came to realize that﹍: judging the importance of all these detailed uses correctly, we began to find that﹍8.perspective n.: a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events, esp. one that show them in their true relations to one anothere.g. He wants to leave the country in order to get a better perspective on things.From the top of the hill you can get a perspective of the entire lake.get/keep/put sth in perspective: judge the importance of sth correctlye.g. It will help to put in perspective the vast gulf that separates existing groups.First of all, we ought to get our temporary advantage into some kind of perspective.from the perspective of/from a﹍perspective: from a specific point of viewe.g. Feminists say that the book was written from a male perspective.The novel is written from the perspective of a primary school pupil.in/out of perspective: showing the correct/incorrect relationship between visible objectse.g. The houses don’t seem to be in perspective in your drawing.The drawing of the house is good, but the car is out of perspective.9.Another important discovery from these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to customize information and information work to different human and organizational needs.: One more key finding of these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to make information and information work more suited to human and organizational needs.customize v.: make or change sth according to the buyer’s or user’s needse.g. General Motors will customize Cadillas for special clients.The computer programs can be customized for individual users.10.To leverage this power, we’ll need t o make our machines considerably easier to use than they are today.: To make the best use of the power of the Information Marketplace for economic profits, we’ll need to redesign our machines till they are much more easier to use than now.11.fashion v. :shape or make sth, using your hands or only a few tools; influenceor form someone’s ideas and opinionse.g. He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood.The Japanese authorities want to fashion a new political role for the country.in a ﹍fashion: in a particular waye.g. The authorities appear to have abandoned any attempt to distribute food and water in an orderly fashion.Latha joined her hands together in an Indian fashion and gave a little bow.In/out of fashion: popular/not populare.g. This is a policy that is increasingly out of fashion.Capability and efficiency seem to be coming back into fashion.after the fashion of: (sth.)done in a way that is typical of someonee.g. Leibnitz was another child prodigy who, after the fashion of his kind, was writing Greek and Latin from an early age.12.tailor﹍to: adapt to; make, devise, in such a way that it fits particular needse.g. Our insurance policies are specially tailored to the earnings pattern of the insured at different stages in his career.Experience has taught us to tailor our merchandise to the particular requirements of each overseas market.tailor-made: make-to-measure; make-to-order; exactly suited to a particular need or a particular persone.g. The club is tailor-made for Jane.(The activities of the club fit in perfectlywith HJane’s interests.)John has a new tailor-made suit.(John’s new suit was made especially to fit him.)Mr. Black’s clothes were all tailor-made.(Mr. Black’s clothes were all specially made to his own measurements and wishes.)13.Many social consequences, good and bad, will arise as this new proximity distributes powers of control from central authorities to the many hands of the world’s people.: In this sentence, “good and bad” might be expanded into “b oth good ones and bad ones”.proximity n.: nearness in distance, time etc.e.g. No longer is it the case that national suppliers, because of their proximity, are favored over foreign ones.My newly bought house is in close proximity to the supermarket and the station.14.The voiceless millions of the world will come to be heard and be better understood, provided that the wealthy nations help the less wealthy ones enter the Information Club. “provided” can be replace by “if”.15.cohesive a.: tending to fit together well and form a united wholee.g. The poor do not see themselves as a cohesive group.The members of the group remained remarkably cohesive in the face of difficulty.16.thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of, perhaps unexpectedlye.g. David throve on a pure meat diet for some time.This is the style of life on which he seems to thrive.17.accommodate v.: get used to a new situatione.g. The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances.When you are employed in a new firm you should first of all accommodate yourself to the new circumstances.Or: give someone a place to stay, live, or worke.g. Once you have been accepted at the university they promise to accommodate you in a residence hall nearby.Or: have or provide enough space for a particular number of people or thingse.g. Several jails house twice as many prisoners as they were originally built to accommodate.18.property n.: [C] an attribute, characteristice.g. One of the most important properties of gold is its malleability.Besides having nitrogen-fixing properties, trees can be used as a source of fuel. Or: [U] the thing or things someone ownse.g. They have requested the confiscation of millions of dollar’s worth of property.19.Our exploration then brought us squarely before human emotions and human relationships: Our exploration then brought us face to face with such issues as human emotions and human relationships.20.Physical proximity will still be necessary to consummate these emotions and recharge the batteries that will sustain human relationships between virtual encounters.: People still need body contact or face-to-face communication to thoroughly express their emotions and also receive others’ to maintain the relationships when they exchange emotions on the Internet.。
(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_探索_课文参考译文
一：旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛•菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
研究生英语系列教材多维教程熟谙课后参考答案含翻译
Book IIUnit1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense;engagedpassionate;committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A.Judging from2. B.in which3. C.and4. D.believe5. A.is one of/is that of6. B.must get7. C.likely8. D.unemployed9. C.as well as/and10.B.simplerE.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。
多维教程-探索(研究生英语)课后习题答案答案
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking peopletoward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that theyhave gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English withregard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use.However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standardBritish English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10.The author thinks that communication is more important than thepurification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer(vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”.(rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaidsunfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put todeath13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men andwomen must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition Speaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
多维教程-探索(研究生英语)课后习题答案答案
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1.D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking peopletoward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that theyhave gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4.B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English with regardto pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6.C7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use.However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standardBritish English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9.B10.The author thinks that communication is more important than thepurification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaidsunfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men andwomen must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy 10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious 13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
多维教程-探索(研究生英语)课后习题答案答案1-6
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking peopletoward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that theyhave gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English withregard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use.However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standardBritish English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10.The author thinks that communication is more important than thepurification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer(vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”.(rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaidsunfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put todeath13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men andwomen must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious 13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition Speaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
研究生多维教程通达课文解释及课后答案unit1-unit3
研究生多维教程通达课文解释及课后答案unit1-unit3博士英语多维教程通达课文解释及课后答案！Unit 1 What Will BeBackground InformationLanguage PointsKey to Exercises1.We’ve now acknowledged some fundamental ancient human forces and the ways they will affect and be affected by the Information Marketplace. And throughout the course of this book we’ve answered the questions we raised at the very beginning. So it is time to finally consider the greatest transformation that the Information Marketplace ha to offer. To get to it, let’s reconstruct the growing crescendo of key discoveries we have made, which together describe “what will be.”2.We began with a simple but far-reaching model of the future world of information as an Information Marketplace, where people and their computers will buy, sell, and freely exchange information. Our first discovery was that this Information Marketplace can indeed be built on a technological foundation: the information infrastructure. We went on to explore the many human-machine interfaces people will use to get in and out of this new edifice, from virtual reality and fancy bodysuits to the lowly keyboard, and singled out speech interfaces as perhaps the most significant and imminent. We explored the pipes that will carry our information and the ways we will bend them to give us the speed, reliability, and security we need. We also saw how a vast array of new shared software tools will evolve on this infrastructure, shifting the attention ofthe entire software business from individual to interconnected computers. The arrival of this foundation is certain, but it could be delayed by a decade or more if the key players continue their wars for control and their indifference toward the shared infrastructure they all need. We saw too that there won’t be just a handful of winners that will survive t hese wars; the terrain is vast, rich, and full of challenges for almost every supplier and consumer of information to be a winner.3.Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramaticallyaffect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe and generally permeate the thousands of thins we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny companies to entire national governments will benefit too, because so much of the work they do is information work.4.Putting all these detailed uses in perspective, we came to realize that they are different faces of two major new forces: electronic bulldozers and electronic proximity. Each has broad consequences for society. The electronic bulldozers’ effect is primarily economic, increasing human productivity in both our personal lives and the workplace. The rapid, widespread distribution of information in the form of info-nouns (text,photos, sounds, video) and especially info-verbs (human and machine work on information) is one simple way in which productivity will increase. Automatization is the other powerful effector; machine-to-machine exchanges will off-loaded human brain work the way machines of the Industrial Revolution off-loaded muscle work. We concluded, however, that to enjoy the productivity benefits we will have to avoid and correct certain technological and human pitfalls.5.To better understand the economic impact of the Information Marketplace, we explored the value of information and its consequences. This led us to a few troublesome discoveries: the huge amount of info-junk we’ll have to work hard to avoid and the gap between rich and poor nations (and people) that will increase if we do nothing to stop it. Other economic consequences were less clear, like the unemployment rate ov er the long run, which we can’t fore cast even though we can foresee many new types of jobs.6.Another important discovery from these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to customize information and information work to different huma n and organizational needs. To leverage this power, we’ll need to make our machines considerably easier to use that they are today. With increased productivityand customization, we can look forward to a larger array of better, cheaper. More customized products and services that will reach us even faster than before. More important, by making machines easier to use and giving ourselves the ability to fashion software painlessly and rapidly, we can fulfill the promise of the Information Age to tailor the new technologies to our individual human and organizational purposes, rather than the other wayaround.7.The second of the two major forces --- electronic proximity --- will increase bya thousand times the number of people we can easily reach and will bring people together across space and time. Many social consequences, good and bad, will arise as this new proximity distributes powers of control from central authorities to the many hands of the world’s people. Groupwork and telework will further help impro ve human productivity. Democracy will spread, as will people’s knowledge of one another’s beliefs, wish es, and problems. The voiceless millions of the world will come to be heard and be better understood, provided that the wealthy nations help the less wealthy ones enter the Information Club. Ethnic groups may become more cohesive, as people belonging to a certain tribe use the Information Marketplace to bind themselves together regardless of where they may be. At the same time. The Information Marketplace will help shared cultures grow in nations that thrive on diversity.And though we need not change our legal framework in any major way to accommodate the Information Marketplace, different nations will need to cooperate on shared conventions for security, billing, and other transnational issues that will surely arise as shared information crosses international barriers. On another level, electronic proximity will foster a shared universal culture, a thin veneer on top of all the world’s individual national cultures. We hope that this ecumenical property of the Information Marketplace to enhance the co-existence of nationalistic identity and international community will help us understand one another and stay peaceful.8.Our exploration then brought us squarely before human emotions and human relationships. We discovered that they will pass only partially through eh Information Marketplace. Physical proximity will still be necessary to consummate these emotions and recharge the batteries that will sustain human relationships between virtual encounters. Finally, we discovered that the primitive forces of the cave that lie at the roots of our emotions and passions do not pass through theInformation Marketplace; deep down, our psyches know that 1s and 0s cannot love, nurture, hurt, or kill us at a distance. Because many of our most valued actions and decisions involve these forces like trust, love, and fear --- the information world will not be a substitute for the physical world.9.Given all these possibilities for change, we considered what might happen when they bump up against the ancient human beings that we are and have been for thousands of years. Predictably, we discovered that we will have difficulty coping with the increased social and technological complexity and overload brought forth by the Information Marketplace. Though we will be potentially close to hundreds of millions of people, we will be able to deal with only a very few of them at any given time. Yet we saw that we might be able to reduce some of these complexity problems by making the artifacts of the Information Age easier to use --- a primary goal for the technologists of the twenty-first century.10.The Information Marketplace will make of us urban villagers --- half urban sophisticate, roaming the virtual globe, and half villager, spending more time at home and tending to family, friends, and the routines of the neighborhood. If our psyches tilt toward the crowded urban info-city, we will becomemore jaded, more oriented toward the self, and more indifferent, fickle, and casual in our relationships with others, as well as less tightly connected to our families and friends. If we tilt toward the village, we may be surprised by a resurgence of more closely knit families rooted in our tighter human bonds. Indeed, if we use it correctly, the Information Marketplace can be a powerful magniying lens that can amplify goodness --- employing disabled and home-bound workers, matching help needed with help offered via the Virtual Compassion Corps, and helping people learn and stay healthy, among many other possibilities.11.Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the Information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, whatever they may be. Some proclaim that the world of information can stand out only by offering educationally and culturally rich opportunities that will benefit humanity. Others will use the Information Marketplace as a new battle ground for the familiar disputes --- capitalism versus socialism, greed versus compassion. Materialism versus spiritualism, practicality versus abstraction --- all suitably described as ‘new’ issues. As in the case ofmoney, there is hardly and event, action, or process that is not linked to and affected by information, so such arguments can sound plausible. But they should not deceive us; the discerning eye w8ill distinguish that which is likely from that which is merely possible.12.The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much more influential than its parts --- the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, theypresent a much greater power --- the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than the ability to send an e-mail message, or to have give hundred TV channels.13.The Information Marketplace will transform our society over the next century as significantly as the two industrial revolutions, establishing itself solidly and rightfully as the Third Revolution in modern human history. It is big, exciting, and awesome. We need not fear it any more or any less than people feared the other revolutions, because it carries similar promises and pitfalls. What we needed to do, instead, is understand it, feel it, and embrace it so that we may use it to steer our future human course.14.We could stop here, after putting all these discoveries together, satisfied and impressed with our overarching vision of a third socioeconomic revolution. However, if we look even deeper at the bold and historic imperative that the Information Marketplace calls us to embrace, we will see all three revolutions as part of a far greater movement, well beyond combines, steam engines, and computer --- a movement toward a new age that may liberate the total human potential within each of us.15.On to our final discovery.Background InformationAbout the author and the bookFor two decades, technological oracle, entrepreneur, and consultant Michael policymakers and CEOs (i.e. chief executiveofficers) on the future course and impact of these technologies. In 1980 Dertouzos predicted today’s world of information with stunning accuracy. Now, in What Will Be he charts a unique and richly detailed map of the ways information technology will alter every facet of our public and private lives, from a few years to a century hence.Dertouzos heads the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science － home of the World Wide Web and birthplace of many of the high-tech products and processes that surround us today. In What Will Be, he offers the ultimate insider’s preview of the inventions that will usher in a Third Revolution to rival the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. And in deft and detailed analysis, Dertouzos reveals the changes we will experience in everyday life, in the pursuit of pleasure, health, learning, office work, commerce, manufacturing, and governance. Debunking the starry-eyed view of new technology promoted by many commentators －while taking the Luddites firmly to task －Dertouzos unveils a crisp picture of the new century’s global information marketplace and shows how it will affect one-half of the world’s industrial economies. He uncovers what’s wrong with technology, explains how we can right the wrongs, and identifies the key trade-offs tomorrow will bring. Dertouzos even highlights what aspects of our society and ourselves will never be altered by technology and offers an inspiring blueprint for how new tech could bridge the centuries-old gaps between reason and the spirit.Bill Gates wrote the foreword to the book. The book has three parts: I. Shaping the Future, which explains the new technologies so that readers can judge unfolding events for themselves; II. How Your Life Will Change, which imagines howand justifies why our lives will be recast; and III. Reuniting Technology and Humanity, which assesses the impact of these changes on our society and our humanity.some fundamental ancient human forcesDertouzos points out that no matter how powerful and pervasive a technological force may be, it will face some immutable human trait that will always act to conserve the constancy and stability of our species. We carry the features and mannerisms of our ancestors as well as our common reflexes and human patterns acquired through evolution. The fear, love, anger, greed, and sadness that we feel today are rootedin the caves that we inhabited thousand of years ago. It was in that ancient setting that the predator’s growl and the enemy’s attack defined primal fear. It was there, too, that our other primal feelings became reinforced －protecting our children, enjoying the pleasure of physical contact with our mate, relying on our fellow tribes people, and so on. These are the forces of the cave. In the new world of information, these fundamental human qualities haven’t left us.the information MarketplaceDertouzos thinks that there is great confusion in the world today about what the “Information Age” is , both physically and functionally. The model of an Information Marketplace is a clean way to envision both. In this Information Marketplace, people and machines buy, sell, and freely exchange information and information services.the questions we raised at the very beginningIn Chapter One of Part I Shaping the Future, the author lists a number of questions the book will tackle. They include: Will compu ters increase the industrial performance of the world’snations, or is the help they offer irrelevant to that quest? Will our way of life improve through cheaper, faster, and higher-quality health care and a greater access to knowledge? Or is better information a minor player in these quests? What new software will flourish in the Information Marketplace? How close to the real world can we get wit goggles, tactile bodynets, virtual “feelies” and “ smellies”? Will ordinary citizens be better heard by their governments, or are electronic town halls impossible or achiev3e? What will happen to human relationships?the information infrastructureThe Information Marketplace is more extensive than a village market. It is closer to a bustling metropolis where many people, shops, offices, and organizations busily conduct millions of personal and commercial interactions in pursuit of their own goals. In a real city, these activities are supported by a shared foundation － an infrastructure of roads for the transportation of people and goods; of pipes and wires for moving water, electricity, and phone conversations; of door, locks, andpolice that maintain order; and of some agreed-upon conventions like a common language a nd accepted behaviors t5hat facilitate interactio ns among the city’s people.In exactly the same way, the Information Marketplace is built on a shared infrastructure made up of all the information tools and services that enable its many activities to function smoothly and productively. This infrastructure will be distributed and owned by all us, not a single organization. It will move the data, voice, text, and X-ray images in the severe-asthma scenario by negotiating automatically with phone, cable, satellite, and wireless carriers and with the kiosk and computers at theradiology lab and doctors’ offices. The infrastructure will support all the online interviews and reviews people will perform in their daily jobs. And it will help transact all the business from the World Shop.virtual realityIt’s a syst em that enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment. Various types of devices allow uses to sense and manipulate virtual objects much as they would real objects. This natural style of interaction gives participants the feeling of being immersed in the simulated world. Virtual worlds are crated by mathematical models and computer programs.electronic bulldozers and electronic proximityAccording to Dertouzos, ultimately most of the hardware and communications technologies, human-machine interfaces, middleware, and information infrastructures will either serve as electronic bulldozers or create electronic proximity. The bulldozers will relieve us of the burden of human work, either by completely replacing information-related human activities or by augmenting our ability to carry out these activities with less human work － in short, by increasing our productivity.The second new force arising from the Information Marketplace is electronic proximity. During the Industrial Age p eople’s physical mobility expanded tremendously, widening a person’s universe of potential relationships from a few hundred village neighbors to hundreds of thousand of people within driving range.As a result, our proximity to people whom we could reach grew a thousandfold. Incredibly, the Information Marketplace will increase this range by yet another thousandfold, to hundreds ofmillions of people who will be within electronic reach, That is the essence of the gigantic new force we call kilometers but in keystrokes and other electronic gesture, the whole scene will resemble a billion people and machines all squeezed into one electronic city block.two industrial revolutionsThe first industrial revolution began in England when the steam engines was invented in the middle of the eighteenth century. The appearance of the internal combustion engine, electricity, synthetic chemicals, and the automobile by the end of the nineteenth century marked the second industrial revolution.Language Points1.crescendo : a sound or a piece of music that becomes gradually louder; a time when people are becoming more and more excited, anxious, or angrye.g. In the past ten days Zaire has published a mounting crescendo of attacks on Belgium.A crescendo of resentment was built up between the two companies because of series of conflicts in trade transactions.rise to/ reach a crescendo: become gradually loudere.g. It’s possible for the organist to reach a very quick crescendo by using all these stops.2.interface: [C] the part of a computer system through which two different machines are connected; the way in which two subjects, events etc. affect each othere.g. In a press conference, the Prime Minister proposed some new ways of involving young people with the interface between technology and design.They have just designed a new interface between a computer and a typesetting machine, which works extremely well.v.:[+with] connect; cooperatee.g. interface a device with a computerThe computer technicians interface with the flight controllers.3.single out: choose, select one person or thing from among several for special comment, treatment etc.e.g. I imagine that to be singled out by the Captain for a farewell luncheon is indeed an honor.Nana and Margaret were singled out for special praise for their outstanding performance during the experiment.4.imminent : about to happen, usu. Used in reference to things that are unpleasant or that you think will prove to be unpleasante.g. The report points out that there does not seem to be an imminent danger of amine on a world scale.With the election imminent, Churchill returned to London before the meeting was finished.5.We explored the pipes that will carry our information and the ways we will bend them to give us the speed, reliability, and security we need: We search for the pipes that can transfer our information and the way s we will manipulate and apply them to offer us the speed, reliability and security we need. Here the complete clause for “the ways we will bend them” is “ the ways in which we will bend them”. When the preposition “in” is combined with “way” to introduce an attributive clause, it is often omitted.bend v.: focus, apply; force to submite.g. He is very firm about it; I cannot bend him.Anyone who applies for this position in the company should bend his or her will to corporate goals.6.The arrival of this foundation is certain, but it could bedelayed by a decade or more if the key players continue their wars for control and their indifference toward the shared infrastructure they all need.: Here the word “they” refers to “the key players”. According to the foregoing sentences, key players are “the computer, software, media, telecom, and cable companies”.indifference n.:[U] a complete lack of interest in sth. or someonee.g. Many native speakers of a language show indifference to /towards grammatical points.His attitude to his work is one of bored indifference.7.permeate vt.: penetrate wholly, pervade, soak throughe.g. Toxic chemicals may permeate the soil, threatening the environment.Changes in civilian life have not yet begun to permeate the army.putting all these detailed uses in perspective, we came to realize that﹍: judging the importance of all these detailed uses correctly, we began to find that﹍8.perspective n.: a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events, esp. one that show them in their true relations to one anothere.g. He wants to leave the country in order to get a better perspective on things.From the top of the hill you can get a perspective of the entire lake.get/keep/put sth in perspective: judge the importance of sth correctlye.g. It will help to put in perspective the vast gulf that separates existing groups.First of all, we ought to get our temporary advantage into some kind of perspective.from the perspective of/from a﹍perspective: from a specific point of viewe.g. Feminists say that the book was written from a male perspective.The novel is written from the perspective of a primary school pupil.in/out of perspective: showing the correct/incorrect relationship between visible objectse.g. The houses don’t seem to be in perspective in your drawing.The drawing of the house is good, but the car is out of perspective.9.Another important discovery from these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to customize information and information work to different human and organizational needs.: One more key finding of these explorations was the power of the Information Marketplace to make information and information work more suited to human and organizational needs.customize v.: make or change sth according to the buyer’s or user’s needse.g. General Motors will customize Cadillas for special clients.The computer programs can be customized for individual users.10.To leverage this power, we’ll need t o make our machines considerably easier to use than they are today.: To make the best use of the power of the Information Marketplace for economic profits, we’ll need to redesign our machines till they are muchmore easier to use than now.11.fashion v. :shape or make sth, using your hands or only a few tools; influenceor form someone’s ideas and opinionse.g. He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood.The Japanese authorities want to fashion a new political role for the country.in a ﹍fashion: in a particular waye.g. The authorities appear to have abandoned any attempt to distribute food and water in an orderly fashion.Latha joined her hands together in an Indian fashion and gave a little bow.In/out of fashion: popular/not populare.g. This is a policy that is increasingly out of fashion.Capability and efficiency seem to be coming back into fashion.after the fashion of: (sth.)done in a way that is typical of someonee.g. Leibnitz was another child prodigy who, after the fashion of his kind, was writing Greek and Latin from an early age.12.tailor﹍to: adapt to; make, devise, in such a way that it fits particular needse.g. Our insurance policies are specially tailored to the earnings pattern of the insured at different stages in his career.Experience has taught us to tailor our merchandise to the particular requirements of each overseas market.tailor-made: make-to-measure; make-to-order; exactly suited to a particular need or a particular persone.g. The club is tailor-made for Jane.(The activities of the club fit in perfectlywith HJane’s interests.)John has a new tailor-made suit.(John’s new suit was made especially to fit him.)Mr. Black’s clothes were all tailor-made.(Mr. Black’s clothes were all specially made to his own measurements and wishes.)13.Many social consequences, good and bad, will arise as this new proximity distributes powers of control from central authorities to the many hands of the world’s people.: In this sentence, “good and bad” might be expanded into “b oth good ones and bad ones”.proximity n.: nearness in distance, time etc.e.g. No longer is it the case that national suppliers, because of their proximity, are favored over foreign ones.My newly bought house is in close proximity to the supermarket and the station.14.The voiceless millions of the world will come to be heard and be better understood, provided that the wealthy nations help the less wealthy ones enter the Information Club. “provided” can be replace by “if”.15.cohesive a.: tending to fit together well and form a united wholee.g. The poor do not see themselves as a cohesive group.The members of the group remained remarkably cohesive in the face of difficulty.16.thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of, perhaps unexpectedlye.g. David throve on a pure meat diet for some time.This is the style of life on which he seems to thrive.17.accommodate v.: get used to a new situatione.g. The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects atdifferent distances.When you are employed in a new firm you should first of all accommodate yourself to the new circumstances.Or: give someone a place to stay, live, or worke.g. Once you have been accepted at the university they promise to accommodate you in a residence hall nearby.Or: have or provide enough space for a particular number of people or thingse.g. Several jails house twice as many prisoners as they were originally built to accommodate.18.property n.: [C] an attribute, characteristice.g. One of the most important properties of gold is its malleability.Besides having nitrogen-fixing properties, trees can be used as a source of fuel. Or: [U] the thing or things someone ownse.g. They have requested the confiscation of millions of dollar’s worth of property.19.Our exploration then brought us squarely before human emotions and human relationships: Our exploration then brought us face to face with such issues as human emotions and human relationships.20.Physical proximity will still be necessary to consummate these emotions and recharge the batteries that will sustain human relationships between virtual encounters.: People still need body contact or face-to-face communication to thoroughly express their emotions and also receive others’ to maintain the relationships when they exchange emotions on the Internet.21.our psyches know that 1s and 0s cannot love: we know that computer are machines and they cannot love22.Given all these possibilities for change, we considered。
研究生英语多维教程(谙熟)翻译及改错答案
1. 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。
(establish oneself)Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2. 一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。
所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。
(transcend)A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3. 我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。
(reveal oneself)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的.(go unchallenged)It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.5. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。
(run the risk of；blind faith in)We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6. 我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致，相互学习，积极参加四化建设。
研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_探索_课文参考译文
一：旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛•菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
最新研究生英语多维教程——课后答案
研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·熟谙－英语课后答案Book IIUnit 1A.1. assess2. alliance3. outcome4. ethical5. identity6. ambiguous7. tolerable8. participates9. pursuit10. constructiveB.1. at stake2. were obliged3. the climate of4. feel well-equipped5. beyond my grasp6. cut back7. other than8. rise above9. care about10. is boundedC.1. incompetent2. indulgence3. migrants4. probes5. complex6. suspense; engaged7. compassionate; committed8. tolerant9. tempted10. interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10. B. simplerE.1. what2. graduation3. intend4. getting5. eventually6. survey7. although8. graduates9. transfer10. rise11. attending12. instead13. cause14. because15. attending16. below17. failure18. expectations19. confidence20. educationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1. 德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
超全-研究生英语多维教程熟谙 正文翻译及课后答案
Unit1从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
研究生英语-多维教程熟谙参考答案
当学生能够熟练地运用知识，拥有坚实的基础教育，并在某一专业领域有所特长时，大 学教育的结果应该由学生在课堂的表现来衡量。进一步而言，本科教育经历的价值将通过毕 业生在其工作岗位上的表现及其以后接受进一步教育的情况体现出来。
2
最终而言，大学的教育会使学生们充满灵性，开拓思维，格物致知＼学以致用，塑造价 值观念，进而提高综合的能力。本科教育的最高境界将能够让学生从具备能力转变为承担起 责任。
然而，在研究中，我们发现了一个极其令人担忧的问题：大学校园对诸如此类的社会常 识极端缺乏了解，有时，校园甚至弥漫着一种对世事的冷漠与不关心的氛围。当难民如潮水 一般从一个国家涌入到另外一个国家时，我们却只有极少数学生能在地图上指出这些难民潮 的流向，或是谈论起导致难民潮泛滥而起的饥荒、战争和贫穷等世事。世界各地的哲学家、 政治家、发明家和艺术家的丰功伟绩丰富了我们的生活，但他们本人及其贡献却时常不为人 知，或是被世人遗忘在角落里。
目录
Unit1 从能力到责任.................................................................................. 1 Unit2 家庭企业：下一代的前景.............................................................. 5 Unit3 美国人的酷爱.................................................................................. 9 Unit4 无子女家庭：亘古生息的反叛....................................................12 Unit5 三明治人－－生存在夹缝中的一代人........................................16 Unit6 和自然和睦相处............................................................................ 20 Unit7 野心的优点.................................................................................... 24 Unit8 好人蒙眼布.................................................................................... 28 Unit9 让计算机做“官僚”.........................................................................31 Unit10 动物研究对医学发展的重要性..................................................35 Unit11 英语应该成为法律吗?................................................................ 39 Unit12 北富南贫...................................................................................... 43
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Unit 11.有一种理论，把对目的语的敏感性视作语言学习中最重要的因素之一。
One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning. 2.为帮助学生学习英语，图书馆已决定将英语原版电影出租给他们。
In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films to them.3.一到周末，如果有一家商店贴出减价广告，其它许多商店，无论大小，都会跟着贴出更多的大减价的招贴。
On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.4.当某一语言中的一些不符合语法的表达方式流行于社会时，这些表达方式往往会逐渐地被公众所接受。
When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by the public.5.这家企业倒闭，并不是因为资金缺乏而是因为管理不善。
The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6.广告通常以突出所宣传的产品或服务来招揽顾客。
Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7.有人争辩说，我们应当抑制语言变化的速度，否则我们可能会每隔20年就得学习一种新的语言。
It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8.我很感激他，因为每当我学习遇到困难时，他总是来帮助我。
I am grateful to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9.要改变这个厂的经济状况得花大力气。
It will take great pains to improve the financial situations of the factory.10.那些主张语言纯净化的人是为了保护他们的文化而保护语言。
Those who advocate to the purification of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.Unit21.关于说谎是否总是坏的，是否应该避免，不同的人有不同的看法。
Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2.伦敦最高的大楼同纽约的摩天大楼比较起来，仍然算小的。
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York..3.在可接受的谎言和恶意的谎言之间定界是因人而异、因文化而异的。
The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture.4.溺爱孩子的母亲常常会对自己孩子的过错睁一只眼闭一只眼。
Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye to the faults of their children.5.当暴力行为发生的时候，这个国家需要一个能使人们团结一致的领袖。
The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together when violence breaks out.6.自私者将所有的人分成两类：他喜欢的人和他不喜欢的人。
A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7.她对我的话感到恼火，但我无意去伤害她。
She felt offended at my remarks, but I wasn’t my intention to hurt her.8.老师对调皮的学生抱有才成见是错误的。
It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9.在有些国家，一个人如果有意不想工作，可以很容易地退出一段时间，靠失业保险金和其他福利来维持生活。
In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, surpported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10.丈夫去世以后，使她经受了极大的痛苦。
She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.Unit41.一个出身贫寒的青年梦想成为百万富翁，结果幻想彻底破灭，他企图使用非法的电子交易手段达到致富的目的。
A young man of humble origins dreamed of becoming a millionaire, but he was thoroughly disillusioned because he tried to seek his fortune by means of a law-violating electronics acquisition.2.她好不容易装出一副像是在满意地微笑的表情。
She managed what amounted to a smile of satisfaction.3.他最终为解决这个多年来一直未能解决的问题设计出了软件。
He ended up designing a software program to solved the problem which hed been unsolved for years.4.他在一位同学的陪同下去火车站接他生病的母亲。
He went to the station in the company of his classmate to pick up his sick mother.5.大学毕业后，他被授予一份政府奖学金继续深造，这是他做梦也远远没有想到的。
After graduation from university, he was granted a government scholarship to further his study, which was far beyond his dream.6.他是一位优秀教师；每当学生有困难时，他总是和他们在一起。
He was an excellent teacher who always stuck by his students whenever they had difficulties.7.他在这城市里默默无闻，但我猜想他在自己村子里并非等闲之辈。
He is a nobody here in the city, but I suppose he is a somebody in his own village.8.她说，百万富翁是她爸爸而不是她本人，她要自己养活自己。
She said that it was her father, not herself , who was a millionaire, and that she would like to earn her own living.9.恕我直言，我认为我们应该采取更为激烈的措施来控制通货膨胀。
Therefore I think we must, so to speak, adopt more extreme measures to curb inflation.10.他的公司因管理不善而失败以后，他决定在保险业方面碰碰运气。
After his company failed because of poor management, he decided to try his luck in insurance.Unit 51.当布莱克先生的太太每星期能挣1000美元时，他开始感到有些不安。
Mr. Black felt somewhat upset when his wife pulled down $1000 a week2.随着高薪女性人数的增加，越来越多的男士会对妻子的成功感到理所当然。
With the increasing number of high-paid women, more and more men will be comfortable with their spouses' success.3.使职业妇女感到棘手的问题是：如何弥补她们应对家庭承担的责任。
It is atough problem for career women how to make up for the responsibility to the family that they are supposed to take. 4.为了安慰病人，许多医生认为对其病情的严重性说得轻些事明智的。