土力学英文试卷及答案(A)

沈阳建筑大学考试评分标准专用纸

2007 年春季学期科目土力学(A) 适用年级、专业土木04-9，10 ——————————————————————————————————一Fill in the blanks (total 10 points, 1 points per blank)

1. The soil fabric (结构) usually contains three kinds of basic types. (1) 单粒,

(2) honeycomb fabrics, (3) 絮状.

2. Basic physical indexes of soil include, bulk density of soil , G s and w

3. In the triaxial test under unconsolidated-undrained (非固结非排水)，because only 一个

有效应力园can be obtained, so that the internal friction angle could not be determined.

4. The degree of saturation, S r, is defined as the ratio of the volume of 水to the

volume of 孔隙.

5. If the soil mass pushes against a retaining wall such as to push it away, the soil becomes the

actuating element and the pressure resulting thereby is known as 主动pressure. On the other hand, If the wall pushes against the soil the resultant pressure is known as 被动

pressure.

6. Based on Darcy’s law, for saturated soils, the average water flow velocity through soils is proportional to 水力梯度.

二、Choose the right one from the four answers(total 20 points, 2 points per problem)

A C C

B B A A D A A

三、Judge the following statement right or wrong. Mark with R for the rights and W for

the wrongs (total 10 points, 2 points per problem)

R W W R W

四、Explain the following concepts or definition(total 15 points, 3points per problem) 1. Relative Density of cohesionless soil (Dr)

定义为：min

max max e e e e D r --=

可用公式()()

min max min max d d d d d d r D ρρρρρρ--=

2. liquidity index I L

液性指数是指粘性土的天然含水量和塑限的差值与塑性指数之比。 P

P

P

L P L I w w w w w w I -=--=

3. degree of consolidation

饱和土在附加应力的作用下，孔隙中相应的一些自由水将随时间而逐渐排除，同时空隙体积也逐渐减少。这个过程称为饱和土的渗透固结。经历t 时间的固结变形量与最终变形量的比值或孔隙水压力的消散程度称为固结度。

4. net contact pressure

基底压力与基底处建造前土中应力之差。

5． a dditional stress

由上部建筑荷载（基底附加压力）等外界因素在地基中产生的应力。

五、Answer the following questions simply(total 10 points, 5 points per problem)

1． Give out the meanings of the concepts e

+11 and

e

e +1 in 3-phase diagram (3 相

草图)

e +11： 土粒子占总体积的比率 e

e +1：孔隙所占总体积的比率

2. Explain “stress in soil ”, why do we calculate “stress in soil ”?

土体在自身重力，建筑物荷载，交通荷载或其他外界因素等的作用下，产生土中应力。按起因可分为资中应力和附加应力。因土中应力将引起土体或地基发生变形，试土工建筑物发生沉降，倾斜以及水平位移。变形过大将影响建筑物的正常使用。并且，土中应力过大，会导致土体的强度破坏，使土工建筑物发生土坡失稳或使地基的承载力不足而发生失稳。因此须计算土中应力。

六. A soil specimen has a water content w 1 of 10% and unit weight

1

γ of 18.0kN/m 3. Keep

void ratio constant and increase water content to w 2 =20%. How much water will be infused into 1 m 3 soil . (8 points)