生理学英文课件(肾上腺激素)Adrenocortical Hormones
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(Glucocorticoids)
(Androgens) (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine)
I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones
Adrenocortical Hormones are steroids derived from Cholesterol in distinct cortex layers which contain different enzymes.
Hypothalamus CRH
Negative feedback effect of Cortisol on
Circadian Rhythm of Cortisol SecretionAnterior
CRH & ACTH Secretion
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex
Many types of stress increase cortisol release
Other Effects
Blood system
(Increase red blood cells; Decrease immunocyte )
Anti-inflammation; Anti-Allergy
Respiratory system
(Lung maturation and Surfactant production)
Digestion system
(Promote secretion of acid)
Metabolism of water and salt
( Increase GFR)
Preventable effects Reduce established Infla.
Arthritis, Rheumatic etc
Circulation system
(Permissive effect)
Nerve system
(Enhance Excitability; Memory)
Chapter 77 Adrenocortical Hormones
Main Points:
I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones II Functions of the following hormones
* Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Androgens
Following being secreted into the plasma, adrenocortical hormones binds proteins (such as cortisol-binding globulin, transcortin and albumin)
II Functions of Glucocorticoids
II Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
ACTH Stimulates Cortisol Secretion CRH Control ACTH Secretion
Stress
Stress increBaidu Nhomakorabease secretion of CRH and subsequently ACTH
III Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
Anatomy and Histology of Adrenal Gland
Cortex
Hormones Secreted from each layer in Cortex and Medulla of Adrenal
(Mineralocorticoids)
‘Moon’ face
Buffalo-like Torso
Purple Stripe
Resist Stress
Stress induced Rapid mobilization of amino acids and fats for energy and synthesis of other substances.
Cortisol/Hydrocortisone (95%) Corticosterone
Effect on Metabolism (Carbohydrate, Protein & Fat) Resisting Stress Other Effects (Blood and Immunity etc)
How to terminate Cortisol following chronic exogenous
cortisol supplement???
Reduction in Cellular Protein, especially in muscle (Synthesis↓ and Catabolism↑)
Increment in liver and plasma protein
Fat Metabolism
Mobilization of Fatty Acids --- Shift the Cellular Utilization of glucose to fatty acid for energy. (Slow developed but important for long-term conservation of glucose and glycogen) Peculiar Obesity result from Excess Cortisol !!!???
Carbohydrate Metabolism
a) Stimulation of Gluconeogenesis b) Decreased Glucose Utilization
Serum Glucose↑
(Adrenal Diabetes --- insensitive to Insulin)
Protein Metabolism
(Androgens) (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine)
I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones
Adrenocortical Hormones are steroids derived from Cholesterol in distinct cortex layers which contain different enzymes.
Hypothalamus CRH
Negative feedback effect of Cortisol on
Circadian Rhythm of Cortisol SecretionAnterior
CRH & ACTH Secretion
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex
Many types of stress increase cortisol release
Other Effects
Blood system
(Increase red blood cells; Decrease immunocyte )
Anti-inflammation; Anti-Allergy
Respiratory system
(Lung maturation and Surfactant production)
Digestion system
(Promote secretion of acid)
Metabolism of water and salt
( Increase GFR)
Preventable effects Reduce established Infla.
Arthritis, Rheumatic etc
Circulation system
(Permissive effect)
Nerve system
(Enhance Excitability; Memory)
Chapter 77 Adrenocortical Hormones
Main Points:
I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones II Functions of the following hormones
* Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Androgens
Following being secreted into the plasma, adrenocortical hormones binds proteins (such as cortisol-binding globulin, transcortin and albumin)
II Functions of Glucocorticoids
II Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
ACTH Stimulates Cortisol Secretion CRH Control ACTH Secretion
Stress
Stress increBaidu Nhomakorabease secretion of CRH and subsequently ACTH
III Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
Anatomy and Histology of Adrenal Gland
Cortex
Hormones Secreted from each layer in Cortex and Medulla of Adrenal
(Mineralocorticoids)
‘Moon’ face
Buffalo-like Torso
Purple Stripe
Resist Stress
Stress induced Rapid mobilization of amino acids and fats for energy and synthesis of other substances.
Cortisol/Hydrocortisone (95%) Corticosterone
Effect on Metabolism (Carbohydrate, Protein & Fat) Resisting Stress Other Effects (Blood and Immunity etc)
How to terminate Cortisol following chronic exogenous
cortisol supplement???
Reduction in Cellular Protein, especially in muscle (Synthesis↓ and Catabolism↑)
Increment in liver and plasma protein
Fat Metabolism
Mobilization of Fatty Acids --- Shift the Cellular Utilization of glucose to fatty acid for energy. (Slow developed but important for long-term conservation of glucose and glycogen) Peculiar Obesity result from Excess Cortisol !!!???
Carbohydrate Metabolism
a) Stimulation of Gluconeogenesis b) Decreased Glucose Utilization
Serum Glucose↑
(Adrenal Diabetes --- insensitive to Insulin)
Protein Metabolism