2020年10月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
2020年年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

xx年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码:00830Ⅰ。
Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneoft hefourchoicesbestpletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser‘sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticmunication.ngueB.petenceC.paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof()。
A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental3.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.A.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich “girl”and“lass”belongiscalled()synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.missivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.ModernEnglishwordsman,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.originatefrom()。
10月全国自考语言与文化试题及答案解析

全国2021年10月高等教育白学考试诺言与文化试题课程代码:00838I . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)1. In educational settings "depend on others to do his/her work" is often preferred to "".A. fail to do one 's homeworkB. fail to do one 's schoolwork wellC. cheat in examsD. cheat in class2. A "file clerk " is often said euphemistically to be a(n) "".A. information directorB. research consultantC. office executiveD. assistant manager3. I wonder whether Nick isn 't better off, after all. ——they do look after him, don 't they?A. I meanB. In other wordsC. ActuallyD. Incidentally4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare.he was most strangely and obviously better.A. ThoughB. At this pointC. ForD. So5. "2000 年7 月25 日上午10 点" can be translated into.A. At 10 o 'clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000B. At 10 o 'clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000C. At 10 o 'clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000D. At 10 o 'clock in the morning of 25 July, 20006. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say _____ .A. "John Jones, this is Mary Smith 〞B. " Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?"C. " Mary Smith, this is John Jones "D. "Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones"to mind one's p's and q's""to keep one's nose clearf" is inappropriate as a reply to an apology.A. It's O. K.B. It's all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind. 9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic A. writing B. speaking C. thinking D. doing 10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: A. traits, values and world views B. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and values C. norms, customs and circumstances D. time, space and dimension11. The Chinese equivalent for "high school" is A.中等学校 B.高等学校 C.技术学校 D.职业学校 12. In English culture, "old" is associated with all the following except A. useless B. traditional C. senile D. skilled 13. The phrasal verb "look into " corresponds in meaning to the single word A. expect B. investigate C. despise D. watch 14. "To be very careful and correct in one's behaviour" is synonymous to A. “Mr. Right"B. « I _____ _________ ___________ ________ ______keep one s own company15."To make a cat laugh" meansA. to be tragicB. to be comicC. to be proudD. to be serious 16. In English culture "white" connotes A. innocence B. death C. cruelty D. reaction 17. The English equivalent for "害了红眼病" is A. a white hope B. grey-headed C. pinkeye D. green-eyed18. Uranus is the Roman god of A. heavens and father of SaturnC. D.B. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods19. American English and English are two varieties of the English language and they areof equal status.A. CanadianB. AustralianC. New Zealandic EnglishD. British20. Stamping one's foot signifies in English body language.A. angerB. strengthC. remorseD. impatiencen . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. "" is more offensive than "damn" or "damn it〞.A. HellB. God damn youC. Damn youD. Jesus Christ22. He was the popular candidate. _______ he will be elected.A. So thatB. As suchC. ConsequentlyD. Accordingly23. In the following statements,is true.A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has.B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language.C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages.D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages.24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say.A. Hello. This is John speaking.B. Hello.C. Who's calling, please?D. Good morning. John Smith here.25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say.A. "Don't mention it "B. Tt's my pleasure"C. "Not at all"D. "No. It's my duty"26. The idiomatic expression "to put one's foot in one's mouth" means.A. to just make itB. to say something embarrassingC. to have an angry attitudeD. to say something wrong or unsuitable27. "A blue fit " is close in meaning to.A. annoyanceB. happinessC. satisfactionD. irritation28. In English culture,are positive in meaning.A. ambitiousB. self-made manC. do-gooderD. aggressive29. In Chinese newspapers are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers.A. political achievementsB. cultural achievementsC. crimesD. disasters30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among in English speaking countries.A. malesB. the oldC. femalesD. the youngin . Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. "To fresh up" can be used by a female as an euphemism for.32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a _______ .33. It is hard for to understand why "走狗" is a pejorative term in Chinese.34. Each culture develops a particular way of favoured by a particular population.35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the relations between linguistic elements.36. " Good-bye" is the contracted form of and therefore carries a religious connotation.37. " Good night" is usually as an expression of.38. The English proverbial expression corresponds to "对牛弹琴" in Chinese.39. The English expression corresponds to "胆小如鼠" in Chinese.40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as.41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ______ .42. The phrase in British English for "私立学校" is.IV . Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?45. What is large c culture?46. How would you explain the fact that "greenhouse" and its equivalent in Chinese "温室" are formed differently?47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to "捧腹大笑" in Chinese?48. What is the word for " hard liquor" in British English?V . Translation. (16%)49. 您有何高见?50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes.51. I'm sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow.54. 巧妇难为了无米之炊.55. Cookie, fat-cakes and chowder are words referring to food.56. 竹在中国文化中是谦虚、刚直不阿、顽强不屈的象征.VI. Define the following terms. (10%)57. sexist language58. individualism59. Seven Facets model60. Sexism61. illustratorW . Discuss the following topics. (20%)62. What are allusions? And how do they reflect culture?63. Please explain the five categories of gestures.。
2023年自考专业英语-现代语言学考试题库答案

2023年自考专业(英语)-现代语言学考试题库+答案第I卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 The volunteers would rather go by train than ________.A. to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven2.单选题 The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just ________.A. tentativeB.validC.technicalD.thorough3.单选题 This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.A. whichB.thatC.into thatD.into which4.判断题 According to the "principles-and-parameters" theory, "principles" refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while "parameters" allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of natural languages vary.5.单选题 There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the other.A.a wayB.wayC.the way6.单选题 Children have a natural ________ about the world around them.A. certaintyB.capabilityC.clevernessD.curiosity7.判断题 Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.8.单选题 Country life is better than city life ________ it offers fresh air and noiseless environmentA. in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which9.判断题 Searle's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.10.单选题 ______ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.A.Sentence meaningB.Utterance meaningC.The referenceD.The meaning11.判断题 A compound is the combination of only two words.12.判断题 Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated ina single area of the left hemisphere.13.单选题 The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks,which,left ________,would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside14.单选题 The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.A. the internal structureB.morphemeC.the rules by which words are formedD.wordA. being seenB.seeingC.him seeingD.seeing him第II卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 Younger children are curious ________ how things work ,and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach.A.ofB.aboutC.atD.with2.判断题 Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following a set of syntactic rules.3.单选题 _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.判断题 In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.5.单选题 It was a small place then compared to _______ it is now.A. whatB.whichC.littleD.few6.单选题 Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ______.A.nerve fibersB.nervesC.neurons7.单选题 Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A.contextualB.conceptualistC.behavioristD.naming8.单选题 If you are walking away from a clock tower ,you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ________ it cannot be heard.A. whichB.whatC.whereD.how9.单选题 The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.rgeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite10.单选题 Johnson was ________ unknown before running for the presidency.A. visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually11.单选题 By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language", linguists mean that ______.A.every specific rule allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquiredB.the phonological rules must be acquiredC.the syntactic rules must be acquiredD.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired12.单选题―________ fine day it is today!A. How, suchB.What a, veryC.How, soD.What a, so13.单选题 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only ________.B.advantageC.alternativeD.ambition14.单选题 Weather _______, we ’ll go out for a walk.A. permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.for permitting15.单选题 I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up late.A. howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.furthermore第I卷参考答案一.综合能力测验1.正确答案:B本题解析:would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿” ,其后要求直接用动词原形。
2020年10月自考英语二真题及答案

2020年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷(课程代码00015)本试卷共 8页。
满分l00分,考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项:1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用 2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。
3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。
必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效。
选择题区第一部分:阅读判断(第l~l0题,每题l分,共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Booking Online and Saving the EnvironmentWhen you are looking to book a holiday, it is unlikely that you will think about how green your booking decision is, but it is something that you should think about. By“green”we mean the pact on the environment.When looking to book a holiday, you will probably find that you are faced with two main decisions. The first is to go into a travel agency, pick up brochures(宣传册)read through them and go back with just one and book with the travel agents directly or over the phone. The second is to go onto the InternetThe Internet holds many advantages over the travel agencies. The main one is convenience. You can go online to look at holidays at any time of the day. The travel agents, however, are usually very busy at times when people can actually go, i.e. lunch hours or at the weekend. You could use the telephone, but you wouldn’t be able to see the pictures or the details of the holidays, so you would probably be sent a brochure anyway.There are websites on the Internet that make shopping for holiday deals much easier. These websites are known as price comparison websites. They search through lots of different tour operators, and the results are displayed on one page, from which you can choose.Compared with the travel agencies, booking online is greener. The piles of brochures are definitely not green, and the amount of unnecessary paper used can’t be good for the environment. In the days of the Internet, there is really no need for such a large amount of paper to be wasted. So booking online will not only save you time and effort, it will do a little bit towards saving the environment, too!1. When planning holidays, few people will think about being green.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. There are two main choices when people look to book their holidays.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. People go to travel agencies and make their decisions directly.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. The main advantage of booking online is saving money.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. Many people go to travel agencies at lunchtime.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Booking holidays by telephone requires less communicative skills.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. There are limited choices at price comparison websites.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8.Travel agencies make the best use of price comparison websites.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Travelers collect brochures as a hobby.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10.Booking online is a way to save the environment._A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分:阅读选择(第11~15题,每题2分,共l0分)阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项,并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
2020年10月浙江自学考试语言学概论试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年10月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码:10044一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.按“四呼”来给汉语音节中的韵母归类,uan属于( )A.开口呼B.齐齿C.合口呼D.撮口呼2.音素[h]和[f]和的差别是由__________的差别形成的。
( )A.音高B.音重C.音长D.音质3.辅音[f]是( )A.塞音B.擦音C.塞擦音D.边音4.元音[u]具有下列发音特征中( )A.不圆唇元音B.圆唇高元音C.低元音D.前元音5.汉语普通话系统中没有下列发音部位( )A.双唇B.小舌C.唇齿D.舌面前6.英语可以直接用数词修饰名词,汉语数词修饰名词一般要加上一个( )A.量词B.数词C.名词D.代词7.下列各组词中全部属于复合词的一组是( )1A.大学、阿姨B.学习、老虎C.劳动、孟子D.道路、盖儿8.下列各组词中,全部属于单纯词的一组是( )A.花儿、妯娌B.逶迤、菩萨C.袈裟、老虎D.茉莉、木头9.下列各组复合词中属于偏正式的一组是( )A.汉语、雪白、害虫B.司机、丢脸、缺德C.抓紧、改善、纠正D.胆怯、性急、口吃10.“优良”和“优秀”这对近义词的差别主要体现在词义的__________不同。
( )A.范围大小B.强调重点C.程度D.感情色彩11.下列反义词中属于绝对反义词的一组是( )A.有限——无限B.复杂——简单C.困难——容易D.亏本——赢利12.英语动词walk后面加上ed,这种变化属于语法范畴中的__________变化。
( )A.体B.时C.格D.态13.与“组织策划”结构相同的组合是( )A.阳光充足B.调查研究C.已经开始D.在家休息14.下列句子没多义的是( )A.我喜欢打蛋B.我倒了一杯水C.炮架在山上D.在火车上写字15.句子的__________是根据句子的用途和语气分出来的句子类型。
2020年10月全国高等教育自学考试汉语言文学专业《中国现代文学作品选》真题及答案

2020年10月全国高等教育自学考试汉语言文学专业《中国现代文学作品选》真题及答案1. 【单项选择题】(江南博哥)小说《潘先生在难中》中,潘先生以学校可作收容所为由向红十字会办事处索要两面红十字旗,并将其视为“救命的神符”,最后潘先生对旗子的安排是()A. 都插在学校门口B. 一面插在学校门口,一面插在自家门口C. 都插在自家门口D. 作为珍贵的物品收藏起来正确答案:B参考解析:潘先生接旗子和徽章在手,像捧着救命的神符,心头起一种神秘的快慰。
“现在什么都安全了!但是……”想到这里,便笑向办事处的职员道,“多给我一面旗,几个徽章罢。
”他的理由是学校还有个侧门,也得张一面旗,而徽章这东西太小巧,恐怕偶尔遗失了,不如多备几个在那里。
2. 【单项选择题】下列各项,对小说《春蚕》中老通宝家养蚕一事概括正确的是()A. 因养蚕时只选择了土种,收成不好,破产B. 因养蚕时只选择了洋种,收成不好,破产C. 养蚕养得很好,获得丰收,还清了贷款D. 养蚕养得很好,获得丰收,但破产了正确答案:D参考解析:《春蚕》以20世纪30年代初期江南农民老通宝一家养蚕丰收却破产的悲剧命运为线索,反映了“一·二八”战争后江南农村经济凋敝、农民贫困化的现实。
3. 【单项选择题】小说《菉竹山房》中,前来做客的新婚夫妇在参观和选择卧室时,对菉竹山房的感觉是()A. 绿意盎然如仙境B. 雍容典雅C. 阴森可怕如古墓D. 干净整洁正确答案:C参考解析:《菉竹山房》中描述新婚夫妇参观房屋时,“屋子高大,阴森”。
吃晚饭时,黯然无话,“偌大屋子如一座大古墓,没一丝人声”。
4. 【单项选择题】小说《拜堂》中“将来日子长,哈要过活的”这句话传达出故事中人物的精神内涵是()A. 面对苦难时坚忍的力量B. 在封建礼教戕害下的痛苦与抑郁C. 被侮辱者的积极反抗D. 在封建包办婚姻中承受的苦厄正确答案:A参考解析:《拜堂》中“将来日子长,哈要过活的”这个句子构成了整个叙事的内在线索,同时也给予汪大嫂和小叔子汪二偷偷摸摸的拜堂一种坚定的力量。
2020年10月全国现代语言学自考试题及答案解析

全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码:00830Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of( ).A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in theutterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of thesame language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.1A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. Werniker’sB. visualC. motorD. Broca’s10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order tocommunicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. SocialⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to bed .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and aretherefore consonants.13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”,“have”, “do” etc.15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of therelationship between form and the reality.16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe,and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars,and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or atleast a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facialexpressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, thenatural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is2false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) 21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech;thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, butnot written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/,occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puffof air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech ofthe second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a partto the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in termsof the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification ofperformative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional orirregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internalborrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rulegenerally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. Thedifferences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical innature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the lefthemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same numberof years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole339. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis40. fossilizationⅤ. Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are calledsuprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to theanalysis of phonemes into distinctive features.4。
2020年年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

xx年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码:00830Ⅰ。
Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneoft hefourchoicesbestpletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser‘sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticmunication.ngueB.petenceC.paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof()。
A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental3.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.A.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich “girl”and“lass”belongiscalled()synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.missivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.ModernEnglishwordsman,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.originatefrom()。
自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案

自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案高等教育自学考试,简称自考,是一种对自学者进行以学历考试为主的,个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的'高等教育考试制度,创立于20世纪80年代初。
下面是店铺收集整理的自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案,希望大家喜欢。
Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceDirections:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates _______.( )A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations,only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。
2020年10月现代汉语真题带答案

2015年10月现代汉语真题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分。
在每小题列岀的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将英代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
)1•汉语不靠词的形态变化来表示词与词的语法关系,而靠语•序和虚词来表达语法关系,是()。
A.综合语B.黏着语C.孤立语D.屈折语【答案】C【解析】汉语属于孤立语,没有丰富的形态变化,语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段, 不像印欧语系中的屈折语那样,词与词的语法关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表示。
【考点】绪论一一现代汉语的特点2.现代汉民族共同语的语音标准是()。
A.天津语音B.北京语音C.上海语音D.长沙语音【答案】B【解析】现代汉民族共同语以北京语音为标准音,以北方话为基础方言,以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。
【考点】绪论一一汉语的规范化和汉语课程的学习3.属于单元音韵母的是()。
A.本B.白C.不D.别【答案】C【解析】A项的韵母是由元音带辅音构成的,B、D两项的韵母是复元音韵母。
【考点】语音一一韵母4.下列音节中,调值为214的是()。
A.定B.梨C.开D.猛【答案】D【解析】A项的调值是51, B项的调值是35, C项的调值是55。
【考点】语音一一声调5.说话时“啊”会变读为“呀”的是()。
A.快说啊B.真酷啊C.真好听啊D.天啊【答案】A【解析】前一音节的韵腹或韵尾是a、o (ao、iao除外)、e、i、V时,“啊”读成ya,文字可写作“呀”。
【考点】语音一一音变6.从总体来看,汉字字体演变的主流是()。
A.简化B.泛化C.字母化D.拼音化【答案】A【解析】从汉字字体演变的历史来看,总的趋势是由繁难变为简易,当然又是为了区别字义或注明字音,也有添加组字成分而使汉字繁复化的现象。
不过,从总体上看,简化是汉字主体演变的主流。
【考点】文字一一汉字的形体7.“六书”中,属于汉字挺用方式的是()。
A.指事B.假借C.会意D.象形【答案】B【解析】六书”中,象形、指事、会意、形声指的是汉字的形体结构,转注、假借指的是使用方式,故答案选B。
现代汉语专题试卷及答案解析浙江自考2020年10月

现代汉语专题试卷及答案解析浙江自考2020年10月浙江省2018年10月高等教育自学考试现代汉语专题试题课程代码:10046一、填空题(本大题共7小题,每空1分,共15分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。
错填、不填均无分。
1.现代汉民族共同语是以__________为标准音,以__________为基础方言,以__________为语法规范的普通话。
2.同义词“鼓动—煽动”的不同点是__________;“离婚—离异”的不同点是__________不同。
3.短语简缩的方式主要有五种,“包修包换包退”简缩为“三包”属于__________类;“奥林匹克运动会”简缩为“奥运”属于__________类。
4.用三个或三个以上字数大体相等、结构相似、语气一致的短语或句子,表达相关的意义,以取得增强语言气势等表达效果,这种辞格叫__________。
5.划分词类的标准一般认为有三个:__________标准、__________标准和__________标准。
6.单纯词除了单音节词以外,主要包括__________词和__________词。
7.“他在地上圆圆地画了一个圈。
”句中,“圆圆地”在语法结构上是__________的状语,而在语义上指向__________。
二、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
8.下面各词中不是单纯词的是( )A.汹涌B.拷贝C.尴尬9.指出下面全是复合词的一组( )A.思想、拷贝、出席、扩大B.马匹、鸟瞰、动静、深入C.淋漓、批判、火车、改正D.深浅、笔直、领袖、逍遥10.“思想包袱”这个短语中的“包袱”是“负担”的意思。
这个意义是( )A.基本义B.本义C.引申义D.比喻义11.下面词中,不是派生词的是( )1A.老婆B.老鹰C.胖子D.孔子12.“雪白”、“空投”、“笔谈”、“课桌”这些复合词的合成方式都是( )A.联合式B.偏正式C.述宾式D.主谓式13.下列外来词,构成方式不同的是( )A.海洛因B.香槟酒C.可兰经D.鸦片烟14.下列词中不是副词的是( )B.才C.刚才D.刚刚15.“他们那种快活劲儿,真叫人喜欢,我喜欢他们,他们也喜欢我。
自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案

自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案高等教育自学考试,简称自考,是一种对自学者进行以学历考试为主的,个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的`高等教育考试制度,创立于20世纪80年代初。
下面是店铺收集整理的自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案,希望大家喜欢。
Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceDirections:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates _______.( )A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations,only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。
2020年10月全国自考语言学概论试题及答案解析

全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码:00541一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.语言符号的任意性是指()A.语言符号可以任意使用和创造B.绝大多数语言符号的能指和所指之间没有必然的理据关系C.可以任意使用语言符号给事物命名D.语言符号的能指和所指可以任意改变2.下列语言学流派中集中研究语言本体的流派是()A.功能语言学B.社会语言学C.认知语言学D.结构语言学3.下列关于舌尖元音的表述,不正确...的一项是()A.发音时舌面不起主要作用B.有舌尖前音和舌尖后音的区别C.没有圆唇音和不圆唇音的区别D.是汉语普通话中的一个舌尖元音4.下列各组辅音中,都是舌面后音的一组是()5.下列关于重音的表述,不正确...的一项是()A.有些语言中一个词可以有一个以上的重音B.能够区别不同意义的重音可以看作一个音位C.词重音可以分为“固定重音”和“自由重音”D.重音只跟音强的增加有关6.下列各组合成词中,每个词都包含粘着语素的一组是()A.偷袭赠送B.买卖肤浅C.老人初五D.蔬菜电器7.下列各组词语中,属于重叠词的一组是()A.爸爸星星娃娃B.听听个个次次1C.~乎乎~甸甸~兮兮D.姥姥狒狒蝈蝈8.下列关于基本语汇的表述,不正确...的一项是()A.基本语汇是整个语汇系统的核心和基础B.基本语汇使用范围广、构词能力强C.基本语汇大部分是相当稳定的D.基本语汇也包括大部分新造词和古语词9.英语名词lab(实验室)原来的形式是laboratory,这在词的形成方式上属于()A.直接成词B.变形成词C.变性成词D.逆序成词10.英语动词“去”的原形是“go”,过去时的形式是“went”,这在语法手段的词形变化中叫作()A.附加B.屈折C.异根D.零形式11.下列关于虚词的表述,不正确...的一项是()A.虚词可以分为辅助词和功能词两个小类B.虚词包括助动词、介词、连词和语气词C.虚词是没有词汇意义只有语法意义的词D.使用虚词来表现语法意义属于词法手段12.下列对“撞倒了他的自行车”这个歧义词组的分析,不正确...的一项是()A.偏正词组B.动补词组C.动宾词组D.向心词组13.下列对“你把这本书好好读一遍!”这个句子类型的分析,不正确...的一项是()A.句型类是主谓句B.句式类是把字句C.功能类是陈述句D.繁简类是单句14.“年龄”和“岁数”在非理性意义上的主要差别是()A.感情色彩不同B.语体色彩不同C.形象色彩不同D.语气意义不同15.使用字符最少的文字是()A.音位文字B.音节文字C.语素文字D.意音文字16.在下面的几种古老文字中,不属于...自源文字的是()A.腓尼基文字B.苏美尔文字C.中国的甲骨文D.古埃及文字217.语言中发展演变速度最快的是()A.语法规则B.音位系统C.一般语汇D.基本语汇18.下列各项中,不是..语言统一途径的一项是()A.共同语的推广B.语言成分的借用C.语言的转用D.非克里奥耳化19.亲属语言的“亲属”是指()A.历史同源B.地域接近C.结构相似D.类型相同20.下列各项中,不属于...社会方言的一项是()A.土语B.隐语C.行话D.黑话21.必须借助语言才能进行的人类思维活动是()A.感性思维活动B.抽象思维活动C.发散思维活动D.形象思维活动22.关于儿童进入“复杂句阶段”的表现形式,下列表述中不正确...的一项是()A.能正确使用虚词和掌握形态变化B.能够谈论过去和将来发生的事情C.能够区别句子的同义和歧义现象D.能掌握和成人基本相同的词汇量23.提出语言获得“天赋说”的科学家是()A.俄国心理学家巴甫洛夫(I.P.Pavlov)B.美国语言学家乔姆斯基(N.Chomsky)C.美国语言学家布龙菲尔德(L.Bloomfield)D.瑞士心理学家皮亚杰(J.Piaget)24.《辞源》属于()A.语文词典B.百科词典C.资料词典D.专用词典25.关于掌握第一语言和第二语言的途径,正确的表述是()A.二者都主要靠“学习”B.二者都主要靠“获得”C.第一语言主要靠“学习”,第二语言主要靠“获得”D.第一语言主要靠“获得”,第二语言主要靠“学习”26.外语学习中的“高原期”是指()A.外语学习中的初期阶段B.外语学习中的中间阶段C.外语学习中的后期阶段D.较高水平的中介语阶段3二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
10月自考语言学概论(00541)试题及答案解析与评分标准

20XX年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试卷(课程代码00541)本试卷共3页,满分l00分,考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项:1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题l分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。
1.符号中能够指称某种意义的成分被称为A.能指 B.所指 C.代指 D.虚指2.下列各项中属于唇齿清擦音的是A.[s] B.[Z] C.[f] D.[v]3.辅音字母的创造者是A.古埃及人 B.玛雅人 C.腓尼基人 D.阿拉伯人4.“天气热”中“天气”和“热”的关系是A.聚合关系 B.组合关系 C. 结合关系 D.凝合关系5.下列各项中属于动宾结构的是A.种植牙 B.飞行器 C.剪羊毛 D.饮用水6.下列词语中属于成语的是A.拼死拼活 B.风风火火 C.计上心来 D.弄巧成拙7.方言和亲属语言之问具有A.语音对应关系 B.语汇对应关系 C.语义对应关系 D.语法对应关系8.语言替换又被称为A.语言混用 B.语言转用 C.语言混合 D.语言渗透9.下列词组中属于体词性词组的是A.在下面 B.穿红衣服的 C.红着脸 D.慢慢走10.标写语音的书面符号叫做A.音素 B.音位 C.音读 D.音标11.下列各词中属于复合词的是A.姨妈 B.阿姨 C.猩猩 D.乒乓12.与北京话同属一个方言区的是A.昆明话 B.上海话 C.长沙话 D.客家话13.决定汉语声调的是A.音质 B.音强 C.音长 D.音高14.下列各字中,属于形声字的是32.简述语言发展演变的不平衡性。
《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析

《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析卷面总分:98分答题时间:80分钟试卷题量:49题一、单选题(共39题,共78分)1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.• ngue• B.linguist• nguage• D.learning正确答案:C语言的研究过程可以总结为:首先,要观察某些语言材料,从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次,根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料,然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。
2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium oflanguage and individual sounds within that range as ______.• A.vowels• B.consonants• C.sounds• D.speech sounds正确答案:D在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。
这些范围有限,但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介,凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.• A. the internal structure• B.morpheme• C.the rules by which words are formed• D.word正确答案:B正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样,词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。
4.The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.• rge• B.small• C.finite• D.infinite正确答案:C对于任何一种自然语言,一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子,也就是说,任何语言的句法规则都是有限的,而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。
自考英语2020年10月真题及答案

自考英语2020年10月真题及答案1、17.—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A.doB.will(正确答案)C.doesD.are2、John is quite _______. He likes to attend activities in?his spare time. [单选题] *A. active(正确答案)B. quietC. lazyD. honest3、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. [单选题]*A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven(正确答案)4、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's5、He is a student of _______. [单选题] *A. Class SecondB. the Class TwoC. Class Two(正确答案)D. Second Two6、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!()[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness7、3.Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A.nearB.far away fromC.to the east ofD.in the east of(正确答案)8、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.()[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings9、How lovely a day,()? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it10、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is11、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after12、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions13、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to14、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.()[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)15、The students in that university are not fewer than()in our university. [单选题] *A. the oneB. thatC. themD. those(正确答案)16、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel17、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out18、—______ —()[单选题] *A. How long did you stay there?B. How much did you pay for the dress?C. How many flowers did you buy?(正确答案)D. How often did you visit your grandparents?19、Tom will _______ me a gift from Japan. [单选题] *A. takeB. getC. carryD. bring(正确答案)20、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.()[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)21、31.That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A.aB.an(正确答案)C.theD./22、I am worried about my brother. I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not. [单选题] *A. whether(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. how23、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody24、We can _______ some information about this city on the Internet. [单选题] *A. look up(正确答案)B. look likeC. look afterD. look forward to25、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies26、Neither she nor her friends ______ been to Haikou. [单选题] *A. have(正确答案)B. hasC. hadD. having27、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China. [单选题] *A. findB. findingC. to find(正确答案)D. to be found28、What did you _______ at the meeting yesterday? [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. say(正确答案)D. talk29、--Do you often go to the cinema _______ Sunday?--No, we _______. [单选题] *A. on; don’t(正确答案)B. on; aren’tC. in; doD. in; don’t30、37.It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A.to ride (正确答案)B.ridingC.ridesD.ride。
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全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码:00830Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of()A.all consonants B.vowels onlyC.all consonants and some vowels D.all vowels and some consonants2.The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”.This is the result of the ______________rule at work.()A.deletion B.assimilationC.phonetic D.sequential3.The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.()A.two roots B.a root and a suffixC.a root and a free morpheme D.a prefix and a root4.When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.()A.rewriting B.preposingC.postposing D.maintaining5.Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?()A.complementary B.relationalC.superordinate D.gradable6.In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________()A.one-place predication B.two-place predicationC.three-place predication D.no-place predication7.In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.()A.SOV B.SVOC.VSO D.OSV18.Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.()A.regional B.standardC.ethnic D.situational9.The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one’s life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.()A.1-2 B.2-12C.1-12 D.13-1810.In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this ______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.()A.behaviorist B.nativistC.mentalist D.empiricistⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language data.12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguisticstudies are called the p________________ medium of language.13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r________________properties.14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurallyalone.15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y isi_________________16.In Austin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thusverifiable.17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a________________ andsound movement.18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________styles of language.19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditorysignals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.220.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to asentence in adult speech. For example, a c hild might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored bymodern linguists.22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separatewords. It is simply a matter of convention.24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed andno new members are allowed for.25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question andthe closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for th e speaker toconvey more than is literally said.27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats withoutsails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their nativetongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31.phonemic contrast32.free morphemes33.hierarchical structure34.co-hyponyms35.utterance meaning36.perlocutionary act37.internal borrowing38.subvocal speech39.contrastive analysis340.caretaker speechⅤ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual communities have one thingin common?4。