2020年10月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析

全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（）A．all consonants B．vowels onlyC．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”.This is the result of the ______________rule at work.（）A．deletion B．assimilationC．phonetic D．sequential3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffixC．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposingC．postposing D．maintaining5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?（）A．complementary B．relationalC．superordinate D．gradable6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（）A．one-place predication B．two-place predicationC．three-place predication D．no-place predication7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.（）A．SOV B．SVOC．VSO D．OSV18．Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.（）A．regional B．standardC．ethnic D．situational9．The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one’s life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.（）A．1-2 B．2-12C．1-12 D．13-1810．In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this ______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（）A．behaviorist B．nativistC．mentalist D．empiricistⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language data.12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguisticstudies are called the p________________ medium of language.13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r________________properties.14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurallyalone.15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y isi_________________16.In Austin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thusverifiable.17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a________________ andsound movement.18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________styles of language.19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditorysignals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.220.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to asentence in adult speech. For example, a c hild might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored bymodern linguists.22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separatewords. It is simply a matter of convention.24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed andno new members are allowed for.25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question andthe closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for th e speaker toconvey more than is literally said.27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats withoutsails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their nativetongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31.phonemic contrast32.free morphemes33.hierarchical structure34.co-hyponyms35.utterance meaning36.perlocutionary act37.internal borrowing38.subvocal speech39.contrastive analysis340.caretaker speechⅤ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual communities have one thingin common?4。