高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1.with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3.with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4.with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
高中英语语法 独立主格结构用法全解(含答案)
独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
语法：独立主格结构(福建高考英语必考难点之一 )
高考英语难点之独立主格结构归纳独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction ）。
其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。
独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
2. 名词(代词+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
3. 名词(代词+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点
高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点知识和能力是一点一点积累起来的，要注意有扎实的基础，要注意复习和巩固，不能急于求成。
下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语语法独立主格结构知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!高中英语语法独立主格结构知识1一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
(such an able man和to help you之间存在着主谓关系)=Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself atthe desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”)=When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
(lost的逻辑主语是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost)=Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.(一)不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解
高中英语with复合结构与独立主格结构讲解时间：2011-10-16 10:57 来源：天天高中学习网点击: 241次2012寒假提高成绩50-150分秘诀：高一视频，高二视频，高三视频寒假名师辅导推荐视频年级课程高一课程推荐高一“寒假点睛班”！高一“寒假单科补弱班”高二课程推荐高二“寒假点睛班”！高二“寒假单科补弱班”高三课程推荐高三“寒假双重提高班”！高考二轮寒假提高班！初中课程推荐初一“寒假双重提高班”！初二“寒假双重提高班”初三“寒假中考双重强化班”更多初中高中辅导课程推荐,点击进入>>不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂，不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚，现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。
with结构也称为with复合结构，首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。
先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。
一、介词with的用法with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。
1. the company of; accompanying:和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边，同…在一起：stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式：performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演；热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责，照料：left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计：if it's all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持，赞同：I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用：通过…的方式或媒介：eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管：With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向：sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆；顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时：gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于，对于：We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比；与…对照：a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到，获得：With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后，他离开了。
With的复合结构和独立主格
用with复合结构翻译句子
1. 他经常开着窗户睡觉。 He always sleeps with the window open. 2. 他睡着了，灯还开着。 He fell asleep, with the lights still on. 3. 老师走进来，手里拿着本书。 The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
他睡着了，灯还亮着。
2.充当原因状语
With her money lost, she was at a loss what to do. 钱丢了，她不知如何是好。
With so many people helping him, the orphan was able to pull through at last. 有那么多人帮助，这孤儿终于渡过了难关。
除此以外，“with复合结构”还有其否定 形式，即“without + 宾语 + 补足语” The house caught a big fire last night, without anything left in it. = The house caught a big fire last night, with nothing left in it. They finished the work without anyone helping them. = They finished the work with no one helping them.
5.with + 宾语 + 现在分词 （主谓关系） With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 With the teacher standing beside， she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
高中英语语法(8)-独立主格结构
第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。
其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。
（such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
高考试卷中with引导的独立主格结构总结
2019年高考试卷中with引导的独立主格结构总结with引导的独立主格结构一向是书面表达中的得分点，语法教学中的难点，和学生在考试中的难解点和易错点。
但高考并不回避难点，请看该语法点在今年高考全国I卷中的体现。
1. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. （2019全国I卷阅读理解B文）在这个句子中，with+名词+名词短语构成一个独立主格结构，相当于一个缘由状语，意思是“因为食品是我们每周最大的家庭支出，所以Susanna 和Matt两个人每周都在不同的一个家庭度过，（帮他们用最少的钱做美味而有养分的饭菜。
）”。
2. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.（2019全国I卷阅读理解C文）这句话意思是“在总数6800种语言中，远超过400种语言已经接近于消亡，只剩下很少几个老年人（还在说这些语言）”。
句子中运用了with+名词+过去分词的独立主格结构，表示伴随状况。
独立主格结构在意义上相当于一个状语从句，但在形式上却是一个没有谓语的非句子结构。
常用来表示时间、缘由、条件、行为方式或伴随状况等。
独立主格结构的构成形式主要有以下几种：1. with + 宾语+ 宾补（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式）He fell asleep with the door open.他开着门睡着了。
He left the office with the lights on.他开着灯离开了办公室。
With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 有这么多的工作要做，经理感到很忧愁。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构.docx
.1. with+ 宾语 +形容词。
比如： . The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his barechest.那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don ’ttalk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+ 宾语 + 副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away.你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3.with+ 宾语 + 过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed.他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent.她低着头坐着。
4.with+ 宾语 + 现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+ 宾语 + 介词短语。
比如： He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son inher arms.那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film.下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
with和独立主格结构
with和独立主格结构独立主格结构和with / without复合结构一．独立主格结构1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。
2.结构:名词/代词+ 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。
Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.This problem settled, they left the meeting – room.2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.3.He was lying on the grass, his handscrossed under his head.(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1.His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，wrong side out.Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out.Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
with（without）复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
with（without）复合短语和独立主格结构的区别一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
高考语法 独立主格,插入语
独立主格，插入语独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。
With( without) 的复合结构的用法和独立主格结构基本相同，为了方便学习，不妨将其看作是独立主格结构其中的一种形式。
独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.4）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，独立主格结构中的不及物动词须用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。
一、独立主格结构的构成:名词普通格或代词主格+ 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/ 介词短语。
1．名词（或代词）+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。
The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.◆独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，◆一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，◆二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.2．名词（或代词）+ 不定式（短语）不定式表示将来的动作。
语法之独立结构用法
with／without+独立结构用法举例:with／without+在逻辑上是主谓关系的独立结构(其中名词或主格代词通常是逻辑主语，同它构成主谓关系的是副词、形容词及介词短语)，在句中一般作表示原因或伴随状况的状语。
例如：A colonel，with a bright short beard and hard bright eyes，looked at Grannysitting in the chair with her hand at her breast and took off hishat．—位陆军上校长着亮亮的、短短的络腮胡子，明亮的双眸透着坚毅的日光，他看见老妈妈正坐在椅子上，手放在胸前，便摘下他的帽子。
She went backinto the chair with her hand at her breast and her eyes closed and the sweat onher face in big drops.她又坐在椅子上，手放在胸前，眼睛闭着，脸上渗出了大滴大滴的汗珠。
She is lonesome with herhusband so much away．她很寂寞，因为她丈夫走了这么久。
He is away from home with her alone．他出远门了，留下她孤零零的。
With his wife out of temper ,he cannot stay athome．由于妻子发怒，他不能呆在家里。
Without a tear on her face ,the girl watched him led away．这姑娘看他被带走，脸上一淌泪水也没有。
with／without+名词(代词)十分词构成的独立结构(名词或代词与分词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系)，在句中大多起状语的作用，表示伴随状况。
例如：She went back into the chair with her hand ather breast and her eyes closed and the sweat on her face in big drops．她又坐在椅子上，手放在胸前，眼睛闭着，脸上渗出了大滴大滴的汗珠。
高中英语-独立主格结构完整讲解(无答案)
独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．The storm drawing near在句中作：原因状语＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。
（call it a day 今天到此为止）例句：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.Winter coming在句中作：伴随状语= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。
Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：If time permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格结构语法
2. Here comes your husband. ________________________ Your husband comes here.
The children rushed out. 3. Out rushed the children. __________________________
4) Only in this way ____ make progress in your English. A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to 5) Only when the meeting was over___ go back to meet his friend. A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he
②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句 而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it ． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
（三）“with/ without”引导的独立主格结构 “介词with/without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独 立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作 定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构 中都能体现，即： 形容词 副词 with/without + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
独立主格结构的形式
独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构的形式一类是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
1. 名词/代词+不定式。
如：A house to be built, we must save every cent.由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow.现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
2. 名词/代词+-ing分词。
如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready.汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried.母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名词/代词+动词的过去分词。
如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead.茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。
4. 名词/代词+形容词。
如：The ground muddy, we should be careful.地面泞泥，我们应该小心。
5. 名词/代词+副词。
如：The class over, we all went out to play.下课后，我们都出去玩。
6. 名词/代词+介词短语。
如(from /doc/189314071.html,)：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were.手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。
另一类是：介词with/without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
1. with / without +名词或代词+形容词He spoke to us with his mouth full of food.她口里含着食物跟我们说话。
2. with / without +名词或代词+副词He left the office with the lights on.他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构withwithout 引导的独立主格结构
介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词
He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
注意：
在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study.
父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
B.with+名词代词+副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
C.with+名词代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或
He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或
Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started.
信号发出了，火车开始起动了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.
I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished.
工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
= I wouldn誸dare go home because the job was not finished.
E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
F.with+名词代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
提示：
在withwithout的复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但without 不能省略。
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说一句话，直接离开了会议室。