中国石油考试中心老托福试题及答案
中国石油考试中心老托福试题及答案
0310托福真题0310听力1A She is younger than her sister .B she does not spend much time with her sister’s children.C she does not get along well with her sisterD she no longer resembles her sister.2A Paper plates are cheaper than dishes.B Dishes break more easily than paper plates.C There is no need to wash any dishes now.D The woman’s roommate will return soon.3A She has not applied to any universities yet,B She will begin university classes in a few weeks.C She does not know yet if a university will accept her.D She is too busy to contact the university right now.4A Reconsider his position laterB Allow the student to miss classC Lower the student’s gradeD Suggest that the student try to reschedule the operation5A He does not have enough money for the trip yet.B He is planning to work during spring break .C The trip is too far off in the future to think about.D He has changed his mind about going to Canada.6A The photograph is not good enough to send.B The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.C They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.D Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.7A She should have asked to be excused from the trip.B She deserves the zero.C She is right to be angry.D She should have gone on the field trip.8A He wants to live off campus.B There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.C Living space in the dorm is crowded.D There are only a few apartments available off campus.9A Turn down the volume of the musicB Turn the music offC Play a different style of music.D Listen to music in a different room.10A It took a long time to finish the building.B He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.C He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.D He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday.11A Go to her class.B Cancel her appointment with the president.C Ask her professor to excuse her from class.D Attend the presentation.12A She admires Steve’s relationsh ip with his father.B She does not know Steve or his father.C Her daughter is older than Steve.D She disagrees with the man.13A He has heard the new CD.B He does not enjoy classical music.C He is not interested in the CD.D He rarely listens to music.14A Buy tickets for the next showing.B Leave the theaterC Change their seats for a better viewD Ask the couple in front of them to be quiet15A The library closes earlier during the summer.B The library is closed during summer vacation.C The library will be open until midnight tonight.D She does not usually go to the library during the summer.16A She is sorry the man has to cancel the plansB She wants to hand in her report early.C She would like to go with the man.D she does not usually enjoy the symphony.17A He has other plans for the eveningB He is looking forward to attending the party.C He often misses Linda’s parties.D he wants to know if he should bring anything to the party.18A There is just about enough time to do the jobB The desk has never been so orderly.C The clock on the desk needs to be set.D The desk really needs organizing.19A He enjoys looking at the flowers.B He thinks the park is boring.C He does not like walking with the woman.D He does not see any trees.20A There are not very many hotels in the area.B She stayed at the Clover Inn last month.C She is not sure the man’s parents would like the Clover Inn.D It may be too late to get a room at the Clover Inn.21A Wait until later to eatB Go to the cafeteria without herC Bring her some food from the cafeteriaD Meet her at the cafeteria22A He has to work with his brother .B He has no definite plans.C He usually works on weekends.D His plants depend on the woman.23A Buy stamps at the post officeB Mail the woman’s billC Drive to the woman’s houseD Pick up a package from the post office24A The woman should call Bill to check his schedule.B The woman should have left for the airport earlier.C The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill .D Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival.25A She did better on the quiz than the man did.B She did not have to take the quiz.C She has not yet received her grade on the quiz.D She did not do well on the quiz.26A He will be happy to share their dessertB He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.C He expected the traffic to be bad.D He is not upset that they ate lunch.27A She has to quit her job in the laboratory.B She cut herself while working in the laboratory.C She enjoys doing laboratory experiments.D She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too.28A Ask for directionsB Try a different route to the beachC Go back for the mapD Cancel their trip29A He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting.B He will meet the woman briefly on FridayC The report will not be ready until Thursday.D The report was finished last Friday.30A Find out when the bookstore opensB Withdraw some cashC Inquire about a jobD Spend her extra money on books31A Ways to determine the age of a fossilB The identity of a fossil the woman foundC A comparison of two shellfish fossilsD Plans for a field trip to look for fossils32A The class is going to study them .B They evolved from brachiopods.C They are similar to brachiopods in appearance.D They belong to the same species as brachiopods.33A It has a ribbed shell.B It has an unusually large valve.C It was found near the water.D It is smaller than a mollusc.34A He has never seen a fossil that old.B It could be many millions of years old.C It is probably a recent specimen.D He will ask the lab how old it is.35A Take it to classB Put it in her collectionC Take it to the labD Leave it with her professor36A A jewelry store robberyB Buying a birthday presentC Writing a storyD Doing research for a class assignment37A Her professor did not like her story .B She had trouble finishing her assignmentC she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D She was taking too many courses,38A Take some extra timeB Do a writing exerciseC Do some work for another courseD Write the story ending first39A To go shoppingB To do research for her storyC To meet with her professorD To take a break from her work40A To describe ways pests can damage plantsB To examine the life cycle of caterpillarsC To explain how corn plants developD To describe how a natural pesticide works41A Caterpillars chewing on its leavesB Wasps laying eggs on its leavesC Pesticides sprayed on its leavesD Knives cutting its stalk42A By flying in circles around a fieldB By detecting a chemical signalC By inspecting individual corn leavesD By noticing the caterpillar’s coloration43A Recently discovered manuscriptsB Similarities among religionsC Methods of analyzing ancient manuscriptsD How ancient manuscripts are preserved44A The simplicity of their languageB Their ageC The location of their discoveryD The material they are made of45A Orally preserved teachingsB A collection of lettersC A diaryD A scholarly article46A Ancient settlers in AsiaB How Buddhism is practiced todayC The spread of Buddhism in AsiaD Why some languages disappear47A The language they are written in is not widely known.B They cannot be moved from where they were foundC The writing in them has fadedD Many people want credit for the discovery.48A The advantages of an economy based on farmingB Reasons farmers continued using river transportationC The role of cotton in the United States economyD Improved methods of transporting farm crops49A The new technology used to build roadsB The ability to transport goods over landC The trade in grain and cottonD The linking of smaller local roads into one long road50A Reduced charges for transporting farm productsB Required payment from vehicles that used their roadsC Made repairs to older roadsD Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities10月语法1.The musical comedy Oklahoma!did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt......(a)original themes(b)to original themes(c)that were original themes(d)how original themes2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.(a)an animal breathes air that(b)an animal that breathes air(c)an animal breathes air(d)that an animal breathes air3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.(a)is the largest(b)the largest(c)that is the largest(d)the largest that is a4.It is said that United Stales literature......individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.(a)was achieved(b)achieved(c)to achieve(d)achieving5.Lucy Stone ,......first feminists in the United States ,helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.(a)the one(b)who was the(c)another(d)one of the6.......,including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.(a)Depending on many factors(b)Many factors depending on(c)Factors depending on many(d)On many factors depending(7)Duke Ellington's orchestra ,......his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.(a)he played(b)playing(c)that it played(d)was playing(8)The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface......(a)as is today(b)than today is(c)than they do today(d)that today(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly from services that the government could provide.(a)property owners benefited so that(b)why property owners benefited(c)that if property owners benefited(d)that property owners benefited(10)Helium is not flammable and ,next to hydrogen ,is......(a)known the lightest gas(b)lightest the known gas(c)the lightest gas known(d)the known gas lightest(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.(a)live(b)to live(c)they live(d)their living(12)Portland,......,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.(a)which Maine's largest city(b)Maine's largest city where(c)is Maine's largest city(d)Maine's largest city13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.(a)Despite(b)Whether(c)Though(d)Except for14.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered......in the nineteenth century.(a)them as microcosm of living organisms(b)the microcosm of living organisms(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large ,gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.(a)it is mostly(b)mostly(c)almost(d)both are almost16．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt ,sour cream ,and vinegar.17.Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.18.Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.19.Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls ,which allowing for further growth.20.T.S.Elot,who a poet ,playwright, literary critic ,and editor ,was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost th e entire boundary western of North and South America.22．Established in 1948 ,the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature ,records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given ,neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting ,for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.29.Today,fifty years after its construction ,the Alaska Highway conveys40,000 vehicles in normal year.30.Since prehistoric times ,artists (have been) arranged colors on surfaces (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.31.(Few substances)look less (alike than)coal and diamonds ,yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure ,increase cloud cover ,and rising humidity.33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.36.In this world of high technology ,it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.39.The Crow ,Blackfoot ,and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.40.In the late 1800’s ,United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad ,powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.Questions 1-9:Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar system’s(5)most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forcesgenerated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel aroundJupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat (15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after V oyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a(20 )vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have been liquid right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior(B)Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons(C)Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons(D)Techniques used by V oyager 2 to obtain close-up images.2.The word ―intriguing‖ in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A)changing(B)perfect(C)visible(D)fascinating3.In line 7, the another mentions ―cracks in an eggshell‖ in order to help readers(A)visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B)appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from faraway(C)understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D)recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered5. what does the author mean by stating in line 7 that ―this analogy is not far off the mark‖?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of thefollowing?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.7. The word ―endless‖ in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?(A) A long period of extremely high tides(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky coreQuestion 10-19Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples ofthe Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding(5)and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.(10)The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of theMidwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years agoand domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term ―Neolithic‖ isnot used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period(15)elsewhere in the world.Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of thecontinent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there islittle evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticatedfoods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering(20)wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather thanfor food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were allweedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and(25)dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant foodand had detailed knowledge of plants.10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology(C) Their development of agriculture(D) Their distribution of work between men and women11. The word ―these‖ in line 13 refers to(A) seeds(B) river valleys(C) the Midwest and the Southeast(D) experimentation and domestication12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?(A) 7,000 years ago(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago(C) Long after the Neolithic period(D) Before the Archaic period13. The word ―adequate‖ in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) sufficient(B) healthful(C) varied(D) dependable14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation ofplants in eastern North America?(A) Lack of enough wild food sources(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements(C) Provision of work for an increasing population(E)Desire for the consistent availability of food15. T he phrase ―rather than‖ in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A)in addition to(B)instead of(C)as a replacement(D)such as16. The plant ―sumpweed‖ is mentioned in line 25 in order to(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate17. The word ―thrived‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) stayed(B) originated(C) grew well(D) died out18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?(A) They were varieties of weeds.(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plantswere(A) medical workers(B) leaders of ceremonies(C) women(D) huntersQuestions 20-29Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the routeby intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail(5 )pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes.These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants ineither direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use (10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to thesesignals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, (15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone willevaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna intothe vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space.(20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new courseuntil its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and soweaves back and forth down the trail.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones21. The word ―forage‖ in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food22. The word ―intermittently‖ in live 4 is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly23. The phrase ―the one‖ in line 8 refers to a single(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.27. The word ―furnish‖ in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select28. The word ― oscillating ― in line 17 is closest in meaning to。
中国石油托福考试试题
中国石油托福考试试题一、听力部分1. 问题：What is the main topic of the lecture?答案：The lecture is mainly about the exploration and extraction techniques of shale gas.2. 问题：Why does the professor mention the term "fracking"?答案：To illustrate the process used to extract oil and gas from rock formations.二、阅读部分3. 问题：According to the passage, what is one advantage of offshore drilling?答案：It can access large deposits of oil that are not accessible from land.4. 问题：What is the author's attitude towards renewable energy sources?答案：The author is supportive and believes they are a key to a sustainable future.三、语法部分5. 问题：Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence: "By the year 2030, scientists predict that solar power will have _______ oil as the primary energy source."答案：replaced6. 问题：Identify the error in the following sentence: "Petroleum isa natural resource that is used for fuels, lubricants, and for making plastics."答案：No error (the sentence is correct).四、口语部分7. 问题：Talk about a technology that has had a significant impact on the oil industry. Include reasons and examples to support your response.答案：Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has revolutionized the oil industry by allowing access to previously unavailable oil and gas deposits. This technology has increased production and contributed to energy independence in many countries.五、写作部分8. 问题：Write a paragraph about the environmental impacts of oil drilling.答案：Oil drilling has significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, water pollution, and contribution to climate change. To mitigate these effects, strict regulations and advanced technologies are necessary.9. 问题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "The world should completely stop using fossil fuels in the near future." Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.答案：(This requires a personal opinion, but here's a sample response for the agree perspective:) I agree that the world should transition away from fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are becoming more efficient and affordable, and they do not have the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels.10. 问题：Summarize the main points of the lecture on the history of the oil industry.答案：The lecture traced the history of the oil industry from its inception in the 19th century to the modern era. Key points included the discovery of major oil fields, the development of new extraction technologies, and the impact of oil on global politics and the environment.。
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案2023 Sinopec Title English Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:For those working in the petroleum industry, obtaining a professional title is essential for career advancement. In China, Sinopec, one of the largest oil and gas companies, conducts annual title exams for employees to test their knowledge and skills in various aspects of the industry. The following are the English exam questions and answers for the 2023 Sinopec title exam.Exam Questions:Section 1: Vocabulary and Terminology1. What is the definition of "reservoir" in the oil and gas industry?a) A storage tank for crude oilb) An underground formation where oil and gas are trappedc) A pipeline used to transport petroleum productsd) A device used to measure oil reserves2. What does the term "upstream" refer to in the petroleum industry?a) Exploration and production of crude oil and natural gasb) Refining and processing of crude oil into petroleum productsc) Transportation and distribution of petroleum productsd) Marketing and sales of petroleum products3. Define the term "fracking" in the context of oil and gas extraction.a) A method of drilling using high-pressure water to extract oil and gasb) A process of sealing wellbores to prevent leaksc) A technique for measuring the viscosity of crude oild) A system for monitoring underground pressure in a reservoirSection 2: Technical Knowledge4. What is the primary purpose of a wellbore in oil and gas drilling?a) To store extracted oil and gasb) To transport oil and gas to the surfacec) To inject water or chemicals into the reservoird) To access and extract oil and gas from underground formations5. What is the typical composition of natural gas?a) Methaneb) Ethanolc) Dieseld) Gasoline6. What is the process of "fractionation" in oil refining?a) Separating crude oil into different components based on boiling pointsb) Mixing different grades of crude oil to create a new productc) Adding additives to improve the quality of gasolined) Collecting natural gas from underground reservoirsSection 3: Case Studies7. A drilling operation in a remote location is facing challenges with equipment maintenance and transportation logistics. How would you address these issues to ensure efficient operations?8. A refinery is experiencing pressure to reduce emissions and improve environmental performance. Provide recommendations for implementing sustainable practices in the refining process.Answers:1. b) An underground formation where oil and gas are trapped2. a) Exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas3. a) A method of drilling using high-pressure water to extract oil and gas4. d) To access and extract oil and gas from underground formations5. a) Methane6. a) Separating crude oil into different components based on boiling points7. To address equipment maintenance challenges, regular inspections and preventive maintenance schedules should be implemented. For transportation logistics, alternative transportation modes such as helicopters or drones can be considered.8. Recommendations for reducing emissions and improving environmental performance in a refinery include investing in pollution control technologies, optimizing energy efficiency, and utilizing renewable energy sources.Conclusion:The 2023 Sinopec title exam is designed to assess employees' knowledge and skills in various aspects of the oil and gas industry. By preparing for and successfully passing this exam, professionals can demonstrate their expertise and competency in their field, leading to career advancement opportunities within the company.。
中石油托福考试听力partB真题
中石油托福考试听力partB真题中石油托福考试听力题型均为传统老托福样式，听力前20道题目均为短对话形式。
第二部分是15道短对话，男女3句对话方式。
第三部分是3长对话和1篇lecture，也是15道。
下面就是我给大家带来的托福考试听力真题，希望能关怀到大家!听力part B原题31.(A) There aren’t enough cabinets.(B) There is too much noise.(C) Office supplies are taking up space.(D) Some teaching assistants don’t have desks.32.(A) To chat with Jack socially.(B) To get help in the course.(C) To hand in their assignments.(D) To practice giving interviews.33.(A) Give Jack a different office.(B) Complain to the department head.(C) Move the supplies to the storage room.(D) Try to get a room to use for meetings. 34.(A) They’d have to get permission.(B) Jack wouldn’t like it.(C) She thinks it might work.(D) The other assistants should be consulted.35.(A) Mating habits of squid and octopus.(B) The evolution of certain forms of sea life.(C) The study of marine shells.(D) Survival skills of sea creatures.36.(A) He didn’t understand the lecture.(B) He wants to borrow her notes next week.(C) He needs help with a makeup exam.(D) He was sick and unable to attend.37.(A) Some sea creatures developed vertebrae.(B) The first giant squid was captured.(C) Some sea creatures shed their shells.(D) Sea life become more intelligent.38.(A) She has always believed they exist.(B) She heard about them in New Zealand.(C) Stories about them may be based on giant squid.(D) The instructor mentioned them in the lecture.参考答案：B B DC BD C C听力原文：Questions 31-34A: Stan, do you have a minute?B: Oh, hi, Cathy, sure. What’s up?A: Well, I’ve been meaning to talk to you about the situation in the office.B: I’m not in there very often. It’s so noisy that I can’t work.A: That’s exactly what I’m getting at. We’re supposed to be able to do our preparationand marking in that office. But have you notice? Jack constantly has students comingin to get help with his course. A lot of people are going in and out.B: Has anybody spoken to him about it?A: No, not yet. But someone’s going to have to.B: We can’t really ask him to stop having students come in for help, can we?A: No, of course not. But I’m not able to do my work and neither are you. I imagine it’s the same for the others in the office.B: Hum… could we ask for a kind of meeting room? When TAs have to talk with thestudents, they could go to the meeting room and not use the office. You know, there’s a room down the hall, a rather small room that we could ask to use. It’s only for storing supplies.A: You mean that little storage room? Oh, that would be too small.B: Are you sure? With the cabinets taken out, it might be bigger than it looks.A: Come to think of it, you maybe on to something. I’d like to have a look at that room.B: Can we go there now?A: Sure, let’s go.31. What problem at the office are Cathy and Stan discussing?32. Why do Jack’s students come to see him?33. What does Stan suggest they do?34. What does Cathy say about Stan’s suggestion?Questions 35-38A: I really appreciate you’re filling me in on yesterday’s lecture.B: No problem. I thought you might want to go over it together. And anyway, it helpsme review. Hope you’re feeling better now.A: I am, thanks. So you said she talked about squid? Sounds a little strange.B: Well, actually, it was about the evolution of sea life, a continuation from last week.A: The octopus and the squid descended from earlier creatures with shells. They survivedby shattering(打碎)their shells, somewhere between 200 and 500 million years ago.B: That’s a pretty long span of time.A: I know. That’s what she said though. To be precise, exactly when theyemerged isuncertain and why is still unexplained.中石油托福考试听力partB真题B: Some squid are really huge. Can you imagine something that big if it still hadashell?A: Actually, it’s because they lost their shells that they could evolve to a biggersize.B: Make sense. But some are really huge. I’ve read about fishermen that caughtsquid that weight over a ton. Did she talk about how that happens?A: Not really, but she did mention some unusual cases. In 1933 in New Zealand,theycaught a squid… let’s see here… it was 22 yards long. Its eyes were 18 inchesacross.B: Can you imagine?A: Reminds me about all those stories of sea monsters.B: Doctor Simpson thinks there are probably even larger ones that haven’t beenfound,because squid are intelligent and fast—so they can easily get away fromhumans.A: Maybe some of those monster stories are true.35. What topic are the man and woman discussing?36. Why does the man need to talk to the woman about the class?37. According to the woman, what happened 200 to 500 million years ago?38. What does the woman imply about sea monsters?。
中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年08月
7. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf ---of the telephone. (A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor (C) the invention (D) as the inventor 8. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary --- associated with the idea of remembrance. (A) and becomes (B) became (C) becoming (D) to become 9. --- that of iron construction, the technology for constructing buildings with reinforced concrete developed rather rapidly. (A) Dissimilar (B) Different (C) Not likely (D) Unlike 10. Although adult education in the United States began in colonial times, --- chief growth has taken place since the 1920’ s. (A) its (B) so it (C) but its (D) it is 11. Hot objects emit --- do cold objects. (A) rays more than infrared (B) rays are more infrared than (C) more than infrared rays (D) more infrared rays than 12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately --- from Marathon to Athens. (A) the distance is (B) that the distance is (C) is that the distance (D) the distance
中石油托福真题200301
20**年1月TOEFL试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) She'll type the man's paper for him.(B) The computer won't be available immediately.(C) The man should be more patient.(D) She doesn't want the man to use her computer.2. (A) Read the woman's letter.(B) Visit Jeff in Alaska.(C) Write to Jeff.(D) Mail a letter for the woman.3. (A) He went to the library twice to look for the book.(B) He already returned the book to a library out of town.(C) He called the library to say the book would be overdue.(D) He couldn't return the library book because he was away.4. (A) Where the midterm exam was held.(B) Where she can see the results of the midterm exam.(C) Where she can buy a copy of the chemistry textbook,(D) Where the chemistry study group meets.5. (A) He'll ask the driver for help with the luggage.(B) He doesn't mind driving by himself.(C) He doesn't have much luggage.(D) He'd like the woman to drive him.6. (A) The suit is out of style.(B) The suit is more appropriate for the occasion.(C) The woman looks better in blue than in black.(D) The suit doesn't fit the woman well.7. (A) Writing her thesis was easier than she thought it would be.(B) She intends to work on her thesis during her vacation. (C) She intentionally chose an easy topic to write about.(D) She plans to spend some time relaxing.8. (A) He hasn't had a chance to meet Kathy yet(B) Kathy had already told him the news(C) He didn't know that Kathy was being moved.(D) His new office will be located in New York.9. (A) She'd like the man to visit her.(B) She can help the man clean up.(C) She left her room on time this morning.(D) She hasn't cleaned her room either.10. (A) He doesn't know what's wrong with the computer,(B) The woman misunderstood what he said.(C) The problem is different from what he thought it was(D) The computer cannot be repaired11. (A) She didn't see it(B) It had nothing to do with politics.(C) Some people wouldn't find it interesting.(D) The man ought to watch it again12. (A) He doesn't feel well enough to exercise(B) He prefers to exercise in the morning.(C) He accepts the woman's invitation.(D) He doesn't like to exercise in cold weather.13. (A) Change the topic of her research project.(B) Sign up for a different political science course.(C) Ask Mary to help her choose a topic.(D) Take a class together with Mary.14. (A) Send the man to a store that sells cassettes.(B) Borrow a blank cassette from her friends.(C) Sell the man one of her cassettes(D) Purchase some extra cassettes15. (A) The books were sent out late.(B) The books were sent to the wrong place.(C) He didn't mind helping the woman move.(D) He doesn't know the woman's new address.16. (A) Let him borrow her heavy jacket.(B) Stay in her car if the weather is too cold.(c) Leave campus in a couple of hours.(D) Be prepared for the possibility of cooler weather.17. (A) The man was absent when she gave them to the class.(B) She'll give some of them to the class on Wednesday.(C) She has no more of them to give to the man.(D) The man must do many more of them to pass the test.18 (A) She has never had a class with Professor Smith.(B) She's surprised the man is taking a history class.(C) The assignment must be finished by 3 o'clock. (O) Professor Smith's classes are very demanding.19. (A) She'll return the questionnaire soon.(B) The first question is optional.(C) The man doesn't need to answer all the questions.(D) The man doesn't need to submit a questionnaire.20. (A) She doesn't like the painting.(B) She hasn't seen the man's office.(C) She'll hang the painting on the wall.(D) She doesn't know where to put the painting.21. (A) He doesn't like to cook spaghetti sauce.(B) He isn't careful when he's preparing food.(C) He makes very good desserts.(D) He cooks for the Spanish club quite often.22. (A) She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.(B) She recently visited a different university.(C) She already told the man about her plans. (D) She isn't planning to transfer to a different university.23. (A) Start cleaning sooner.(B) Hire a cleaning service.(C) Wait a while before giving another party.(D) Have his party at a different24. (A) She prefers to remain indoors.(B) She has the same allergies that the man has.(C) She doesn't think the man is sincere.(D) She doesn't understand what the man said.25. (A) He has invited many people to(B) He intentionally cooked a lot of soup.(C) He doesn't like leftovers either.(D) He used leftovers in the soup.26. (A) She can't help the man make his decision(B) A bicycle isn't a safe method of transportation.(C) The man doesn't need a new bicycle,(D) She doesn't know how to fix a bicycle,27. (A) Ed is happy with his job.(B) Ed isn't as good a worker as the boss thinks.(C) The boss plans to give Ed a raise in salary.(D) The boss hasn't treated28. (A) She left work after the man.(B) She was unable to follow the man's directions.(C) It only rained in a small area.(D) She doesn't mind driving in29. (A) It isn't necessary to attend the lecture.(B) There isn't enough time to eat dessert(C) Eating in the lecture hall is prohibited.(D) The lecture probably won't start on time.30. (A) She doesn't think that Oakville is very far.(B) She thinks the man misunderstood what he(C) She didn't know that Matthew planned to move to Oakville.(D) She wants to buy a car from Matthew.31. (A) They've lost their suitcases.(B) They can't find their dormitory.(C) Their dorm rooms have been given to other students.(D) They've missed the bus to their dormitory.32. (A) It has no bus service(B) It is small(C) It is located outside of town.(D) It is very hilly.33. (A) It's far from the academic buildings.(B) No buses go to it.(C) There are few first-year students living there.(D) It's older than the other dormitories.34. (A) They bring too many things with them.(B) They waste their time.(C) They don't familiarize themselves with the campus(D) They don't make realistic career plans.35 (A) Judging people's behavior.(B) Common causes of anger.(C) Changing people's attitudes.(D) The effects of negative behavior.36. (A) When they're unable to control the person's behavior.(B) When the causes of the behavior are obvious.(C) When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.(D) When the behavior is expected.37. (A) It's not always clear why people behave in certain ways.(B) People usually blame others for their mistakes.(C) Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely.(D) The reason for some behavior is obvious.38. (A) They usually accept responsibility.(B) They blame factors beyond their control(C) They complain about their personal problems.(D) They compare their behavior to the behavior of others. 39. (A) Settlement patterns in desert.(B) Causes of desertification.(C) Plant adaptation to desert conditions.(D) Regions most affected by desertification.40. (A) It receives more nutrients than it can absorb.(B) It becomes oversaturated with water.(C) It loses the ability to support insect life.(D) It loses nutrients that aren't replaced.41. (A) Too many animals eating the plants in one small area.(B) Planting too much vegetation in one small area.(C) Too many people building houses in one small area.(D) Bringing together the wrong kinds of animals and plants.42. (A) The animals overfertilize the soil.(B) Dead plant roots can't hold the soil together.(C) The wrong types of plants are left standing.(D) There is a buildup of plant and animal matter.43. (A) It can cause flooding in an(B) It can carry diseases that affect animals.(C) It can introduce too much salt into the soil.(D) It can divert water from important crops.44. (A) A possible explanation for why green turtles nest in certain locations.(B) Physical differences among various groups of green turtles.(C) Several examples of mating behavior in green turtles.(D) The impact of continental drift on the diet of green turtles.45. (A) Teach their young how to swim.(B) Mate and lay eggs.(C) Hide from predators.(D) Eat different kinds of fish.46. (A) Its geography is similar to Brazil's.(B) Their instinct leads them to the place they werehatched.(c) There are other species of turtles located there.(D) Its climate is milder than Brazil's.47. (A) To discover how long their ancestors lived.(B) To analyze how their appearance has evolved.(C) To find out how a disease has spread(D) To determine how closely groups of turtles are related.48. (A) To demonstrate George Washington's survival skills.(B) To show that some stories about famous people may be historically inaccurate.(C) To describe a historical event that was portrayed in a painting. (D) To tell a story that George Washington told about himself.49. (A) She led her tribe to victory against the colonists(B) She was considered to be extremely beautiful.(C) She created popular American Indian art.(D) She helped establish peace between her tribe and the colonists50. (A) They have only recently been discovered.(B) They were painted by the colonists who knew her.(C) Most of them portray her as a child.(D) They might not reflect her true appearance.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. .........crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere.(A) The surface of marble is(B) The surface of marble, which(C) Although the surface of marble(D) The surface of marble2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and ........ is rough or smooth, orhot or cold.(A) it(B) whether it(C) how(D) since it3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as ........ for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry.(A) his being one of the finalists(B) to be one of the finalists(C) one of the finalists(D) the one finalist who4. The Moon is much closer to Earth ...... is the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides.(A) unlike(B) than(C) but(D) where5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, ........about three pounds.(A) weighs(B) is weighed(C) weighing(D) to weigh it6. Throughout history ........different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting.(A) have been many(B) there have been many(C) many(D) when many7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing …..... the i ndividual with theneeds of society.(A) the rights of(B) to the rights for(C) for the rights to(D) with the rights by8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states …..... the Constitution of the UnitedStates.(A) ratified(B) ratify(C) to ratify(D) have ratified9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as ….....(A) that of sand(B) that sand is(C) sand is that(D) what of sand10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds .......... approach 50 miles per hour.(A) are rarely(B) rarely(C) of rarely(D) they rarely11. It was novelist and poet ….... in 1968 founded JacksonStateUniversity's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People.(A) Margaret Walker did(B) Margaret Walker(C) Margaret Walker who (D) Margaret Walker and12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper …... into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts.(A) Which was hammering(B) which hammered(C) was hammered(D) hammered13. In western North America, …...... form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific.(A) the Rocky Mountains(B) where the Rocky Mountains(C) the Rocky Mountains in which(D) there are the Rocky Mountains14. Some ecologists believe ….... more than 50 percent of existing species will be lost in thenext100 years.(A) because(B) that(C) while there is(D) that there are15. Almost ….... substances expand in volume when heated and contract when cooled.(A) all(B) they all(C) all of(D) all are16. A children's librarian often conducts story hours and other activities to help childrenA Benjoy herself while developing an interest in reading and the library's resources.C D17. Titanium has the strength of steel but weighs half only as much, hence its advantageA B Cfor use in aircraft.D18. Protective behaviors of amphibians include hiding in the presence of danger andA Bhaving coloration such closely matching the environment that the animal is notC Dobvious.19. As the highest-paid star of the silent screen, earning a reputedly income of $20, 000AB Ca week, Gloria Swanson epitomized the glamour of Hollywood in the 1920's.D20. Candles may be made by repeatedly dipping wicks in tallow, by molding, nor byA Bpouring melted wax over the wicks and rolling them into shape.C D21. While models of automobiles date back as far as the late 1600's, the 1880'sA Bseen the first commercial interest in the vehicle.C D22. The conceptual of musical harmony is generally traced to the ninth century becauseA B Cit is first mentioned in treatises of that period.D23. Palcontologists have examined fossil embryos and hatchlings from three type ofA B Cduck-billed dinosaurs to figure out how they matured.D24. Lightning tends to strike the nearest good conductor, and hence often strikesA Bin same place more than once.C D25. When study different cultures and societies, anthropologists often focus on marriageA Bas a contractual agreement between different parties.C D26. The first piloted balloon flight across the Atlantic Oceantook place at 1978.A B CD27. The Arts and Crafts Movement of the late nineteenth century strove to revitalizingA handicrafts and applied arts during an era of increasing mass production.B C D28. When cannedusing proper methods, food suffers no loss in vitamins or anotherA B C Dnutritive elements.29. Heat exhaustion is causing by excessive loss of body fluids and body salts.A B C D30. Primitive humans probably did not deliberately cook food until long after they hadA Blearned to use fire for light and warm.C D31. The poor condition of prisoners are what concerned Dorothea Dix, an AmericanA B Csocial worker and director of a school in Boston.D32. Found in the shells of lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, glucosamine is also presentA B Cin human cartilage, which covering the bones in joints.D33. Between 1871 until 1891, the population of Torontomore than tripled, increasingA B Cfrom 56,000 to 181,000.D34. In the nineteenth century, Montreal grew into an important transportation andA Bindustrial center, aided by its many natural resources and an abundant ofC Dhydroelectric power.35. In the initial planning for theaters, auditoriums, but any room intended primarilyA B Cfor listening, acoustics is a major consideration.D36. The pulse that may be felt wherever an artery passes over a solid structure, such asA B Ca bone or cartilage.D37. Through his essays, poems, and lectures, Ralph Waldo EmersonAestablished himself as a major thinker of his time and as a figure leadingB C Dof American literature.38. The "method", which is both a style of acting a system of training for the actor,A Bstresses inner motivation and psychological truth.C D39. On September 6, 1996, civil rights activist Rosa Parks was awarded the PresidentialA BMedal of Freedom, the highest honor the United States government gives to civilian.C D40. Basalt, which composes most of the ocean floor, is a dark-grey rock rich in ironA B C Dand magnesium than most surface rocks.Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax orwool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinningLine and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during (5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. Americanproducers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton ginby Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating thefiber---or lint--from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relativelyeasy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the (10) base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along thenation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season,but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker couldhand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machinewith revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, (15) a worker could produce up to '50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of largergins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread ofthe cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main Americanexport, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American(20))exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent sharein 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of Americanexports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. Thegrowing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an(25) unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of theUnited States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when(A) the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry (C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process(D) cotton became the most important American export product2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) preferred(B) recommended(C) imported (D) included3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand forcotton EXCEPT(A) cotton's softness(B) cotton's ease of processing(C) a shortage of flax and wool(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) unfamiliar(B) primitive(C) skilled(D) difficult5. According to the passage, one advantage of sea island cotton was its(A) abundance of seeds(B) long fibers(C) long growing season(D) adaptability to different climates6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?(A) More cotton came from sea island cotton plants than before.(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.(D) Most cotton produced was exported to England.7. The word "surge" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) sharp increase(B) sudden stop(C) important change(D) excess amount8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 22 in order to (A) show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.9. The word "unprecedented" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) slow(B) profitable(C) not seen before(D) never explained10. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machineryQuestions 11-19The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observation of nest-buildingactivities provide evidence of their evolution. Clues to this evolutionary process can befound in the activities of play and in the behavior and movements of birds during mating, Line such as incessant pulling at strips of vegetation or scraping of the soil. During the early (5)days of the reproductive cycle, the birds seem only to play with the building materials. Inpreparation for mating, they engage in activities that resemble nest-building, and continue these activities throughout and even after the mating cycle. Effective attempts at construction occur only after mating.Although nest-building is an instinctive ability, there is considerable adaptability in(10) both site selection and use of materials, especially with those species which build quiteelaborate constructions. Furthermore, some element of learning is often evident sinceyounger birds do not build as well as their practiced elders. Young ravens, for example,first attempt to build with sticks of quite unsuitable size, while a jackdaw's first nestincludes virtually any movable object. The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents (15) of a young osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, andone arrow.Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows havebeen seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over (20) generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had beendislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branchesalmost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size ant1 most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.11. The word "obscure" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting(B) unclear(C) imperfect(D) complex12. According to the passage, which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part ofthe reproductive cycle of birds?(A) Selecting a mate(B) Collecting nest-building materials(C) Playing with nest-building materials(D) Building a nest13. The word "display" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) communicate(B) imitate(C) initiate(D) exhibit14. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line14 because he(A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys(B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests(C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests(D) compared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species15. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusual objects? (A) Ravens(B) Ospreys(C) Crows(D) Sparrowhawks16. According to the passage, when gathering materials to build their nests, sparrowhawks do which of the following?(A) Hang upside down(B) Select only green twigs(C) Use objects blowing in the wind(D) Collect more branches than necessary17. The word "these" in line 20 refers to(A) golden eagles(B) generations(C) winds(D) nests18. The word "load" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) weight(B) number(C) section(D) level19. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that(A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds(B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches(C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds(D) birds can carry twenty percent of their own weightQuestions 20-30A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that providesinformation concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-knownsurveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news duringLine campaigns presidential knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in (5) the United States.North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street? interviews on localtelevision news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are notnecessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor (10) of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending On which area thenewspeople select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who arewilling to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated bya camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinelyreflect a broad range of the population.(15) In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wordingof questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people tounderstand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but (20) only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of theseforms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written (25) questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaireshave the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The history of surveys in North America(B) The principles of conducting surveys(C) Problems associated with interpreting surveys(D) The importance of polls in American political life21. The word "they" in line 8 refers to(A) North Americans(B) news shows(C) interviews(D) opinions22. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is thatthey(A) are not based on a representative sampling (B) are used only on television(C) are not carefully worded(D) reflect political opinions23. The word "precise" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) planned(B) rational(C) required(D) accurate24. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?(A) A high number of respondents(B) Carefully worded questions(C) An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings。
中石油托福考试TOEFL_语法大全90年01月
1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A)A(B)It is a(C)Although a(D)There is a2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A)such(B)more(C)as(D)than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A)it grows(B)what grows(C)does it grow(D)what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.(A)bridge-building(B)building of bridges(C)building a bridge(D)bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A)Contrary to general belief(B)General belief contrary to(C)Belief contrary to general(D)Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.(A)Barbara Jordan’s campaign being(B)Barbara Jordan campaigned(C)Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D)Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A)are influenced(B)be influenced(C)influencing(D)influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.(A)occurs(B)will occur(C)can occur(D)occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.(A)All lamps early(B)Lamps all early(C)All early lamps(D)Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”1。
中石油托福真题
2004年01月TOEFL真题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) She reads more slowly than the man does.(B) She has a 1ot of material to read before she has coffee.(C) The man does more work than is necessary.(D) The man seems to be taking a long time preparing for philosophy class.2. (A) The woman should have shown him the newspaper.(B) He thinks the woman will win the contest.(C) The woman's pictures are on top of the newspapers.(D) The new photograph does not look anything like her others.3. (A) Return his literature books to the bookstore.(B) Keep his books from the literature class.(C) Sell his literature books to the woman.(D) Visit the reference section of the library.4. (A) Give the secretary Janet's new address and phone number.(B) Ask Janet a question about his health.(C) Get information about Janet from the secretary.(D) Visit Janet at her new school.5. (A) She will help the man find the exhibit.(B) She has already seen the exhibit.(C) She will help the man read the map.(D) She knows where to get a map.6. (A) She is also planning to travel.(B) She already picked up money for the trip.(C) She has to study instead of traveling.(D) She thinks the man should take more money.7. (A) The woman should not get involved in the situation(B) The woman should not be angry with he friends.(C) He wants to talk to Sally and Mark.(D) He will explain to the woman what happened.8. (A) What travel plans Philip is making(B) How Philip s parents are going to travel(C) What Philip said(D) Where Philip heard the news9. (A) She will have to postpone her trip.(B) She has already gotten her passport application.(C) The passport office is closed.(D) She was late in applying for her passport.10. (A) He has not played tennis in a while.(B) He does not know how to play tennis.(C) His tennis racket is broken.(D) He needs to rest before he plays.11. (A) No one was interested in the discussion.(B) Politics is a sensitive topic.(C) The woman is not being serious.(D) People avoided discussing politics.12. (A) She already read the book.(B) She will not lend her book to the man.(C) The man can use her book whenever he likes.(D) The man does not need the book.13. (A) It is about to start raining.(B) The rain will stop soon.(C) It has been raining all day.(D) It just stopped raining.14. (A) She is not permitted to live off-campus this year.(B) She has been living off-campus for a year.(C) She is happy with her living arrangements.(D) She is required to move next year.15. (A) She misses her old roommate.(B)She changes roommates often.(C) She does not know Julie very well.(D) She did not really enjoy living with Julie.16. (A) Take a shorter route(B) Buy new sun glasses(C) Drive on a different road(D) Consider using Route 2717. (A) Give her ticket to the man(B) Borrow some jazz music from someone else(C) Go to the concert without the man(D) Help the man to complete his paper18. (A) Sullivan's has never been able to keep its chef.(B) The service at Sullivan's is dependable.(C) The quality of the cooking at Sullivan's is inconsistent.(D) Customers get a lot of personal attention at Sullivan's.19. (A) She thinks the wearier is pleasant.(B) She has been working hard in the lab.(C) She is not feeling very well today.(D) She has been staying up quite late recently.20. (A) The woman can wear it all winter.(B) The woman may have trouble paying for it.(C) It may not be warm enough.(D) It will not fit if the woman loses weight.21. (A) Introduce Michelle to the other reporters(B) Take Michelle home(C) Take a tour of the office(D) Start working at his desk22, (A) They should turn left when they see a stop sign.(B) He does not have the directions with him.(C) He does not see the stop sign yet(D) He does not know which way to turn.23. (A) Ho has not been to the new restaurant yet.(B) He would like to go to the new restaurant with the woman(C) The food at the new restaurant is not very good.(D) A restaurant 's atmosphere is very important to him24. (A) She is planning to drop the class.(B) She thinks the man wants to take the class.(C) She only has one class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.(D) She has to leave for class.25. (A) Ho does not feel very well.(B) He had several teeth filled.(C) The dentist gave him some medication.(D) The woman is mistaken.26. (A) Business courses have become popular(B) The school only offers business courses.(C) The business school has a new program.(D) The school has just started to offer business courses.27. (A) His alarm clock is broken.(B) He bas been late before.(C) He prefers to study early in the morning.(D) He worked in the lab last night.28. (A) He will lend the woman moneyto buy a computer.(B) The woman should wait a while before buying a computer.(C) The woman should find a better way to invest her savings.(D) The woman should buy a computer.29. (A) There are none left.(B) They are too expensive.(C) They might be available at the concert.(D) They need to be purchased in advance.30. (A) She will go to the restaurant with the man.(B) She will meet the man and his friends later in the evening.(C) She has already had dinner.(D) She will not change her original plans.31. (A) A famous photographer(B) Photographic processes in the 1800's(C) Photographic equipment used in the 1800's(D) A new museum32. (A) Her subjects home(B) Her subject's social status(C) Her subject's personality(D) Her subject 's role in history33. (A) Backlighting(B) Flashbulbs(C) Time-lapse photography(D) Soft focus34. (A) Children(B) Historical scenes(C) Well-known people(D) Landscapes35. (A) Which major the woman will be choosing(B) An anthropology course the woman is taking(C) How to find a job in publishing(D) Which anthropology professors the man recommends36.(A) It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.(B)She would like her professor to explain it more clearly.(C) She took a class on it last semester.(D) Her professor will write a book on it soon.37. (A) lt might lead to a job in publishing.(B) It is being taught by a famous anthropologist.(C) It will help her with her courses overseas.(D) It will prepare her for future work in anthropology.38. (A)Her professor(B) A classmate(C) Her former boss(D) A foreign diplomat39. (A) So they can feel its weight(B) So they can examine its contents(C) So they can guess its age(D) So they can admire its beautiful color40. (A) How amber changes shape when heated(B) How clear amber is(C) How common is around the world(D) How easily amber can break41. (A) Tropical insects(B) Decayed leaves(C) Tree resin(D) Bird feathers42. (A) Its amber contains numerous fossils.(B) Its amber is the most durable.(C) Its amber is opaque.(D) It is the site of the oldest amber deposits.43. (A) Amber mined from the Appalachian Mountains(B) Amber with no imperfections(C) Amber containing organic material(D) Amber with no inclusions44. (A) The difficulties faced by the colonists(B) The skill of military heroes(C) The courage of one man(D) The cause of the Revolutionary War45. (A) He did not fight in the Revolution my War.(B) He did not really exist.(C) He was an important town leader.(D) He was not the only messenger.46. (A) It was well planned.(B) It was completed in a short time.(C) It was led by military commanders.(D) It helped him get elected to public office.47. (A)To explain how angles are measured(B) To prove that Mesopotamians did not know how to use square numbers(C) To discuss a mistaken historical interpretation(D) To explain why tablets are reliable historical records48. (A) They did not use square numbers.(B) They used complex measuring instruments.(C) They recorded math exercises on tablets.(D) They calculated the length of triangle sides.49. (A) Pictures of triangles(B) Calculations using square numbers(C) Measurements of angles(D) Greek symbols50. (A) They taught the Mesopotamians about square numbers.(B) They were less advanced in mathematics than the Mesopotamians.(C) They did not use square numbers.(D) They knew how to measure angles.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. The ancestors of the horse lived ..... and were about half a meter tall.(A) years ago 60 million(B) 60 million years ago(C) ago 60 million years(D) million years ago 602. The museum on Ellis Island, a former immigration station, contains documents andartifacts......to four centuries of United States immigration.(A) related them(B) related(C) related that(D) be related3. ......, particularly the oxides of sulfur, greatly increases the rate at which rust forms.(A) The presence of air pollutants(B) Air pollutants are present(C) Because the presence of air pollutants(D) Air pollutants whose presence4. The Sun, the Moon, and Earth have magnetic fields, and......evidence that the stellar that extend through vast regions galaxies have fields of space.(A) which is(B) is(C) because(D) There is5. The “confederation school”poets of nineteenth-century Canada were primarily nature poets,----- a wealth of eulogies to Canadian rural life.(A) and producing(B) who they produced(C) producing(D) whose production of6. Since prehistoric people first applied natural pigments to cave walls, ---- have painted toexpress themselves.(A) when artists(B) artists(C) artists who(D) that artists7. About 42 million bushels of oats are used annually --- manufacture of breakfast foods in die United States.(A) the(B) is the(C) in the(D) to8. Any acid can, in principle, neutralize any base, although .......between some of the more reactive compounds.(A) side reactions can occur(B) the occurrence of side reactions can(C) can side reactions occur(D) side reactions that can occur9. Just over two-thirds of Earth’s surface is covered by wafer, ...... more than 98 percent of this water is contained in the oceans.(A) with(B) which(C) and(D) resultingl0. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials .......to handle and to sort them.(A) that almost compel one(B) one compels(C) that compel almost(D) one is almost compelled11. In 1978 the united States National Air and Space Administration selected Sally Ride.......thefirst woman astronaut.(A) who being(B) to be(C) and being(D) was12. Adhesions are ....... formed within the body in response to inflammation or injury.(A) that thin bands of scar tissue(B) they thin bands of scar tissue when(C) thin bands of scar tissue(D) thin bands of scar tissue able to13. The planet Neptune is about 30 times ...... from the Sun as Earth is.(A) far(B) as far(C) more far(D) far that14. Not until the 1850's ...... a few public-spirited citizens and state legislatures seek to rescuehistoric buildings in the United States from destruction or alteration.(A) both(B) came(C) did(D) when15. ----- 200 bones forming the framework, or skeleton, of the human body.(A) Being over(B)There are over(C) Where over(D)Over16. The world's water balance is regulated by the constant circulation of water inA B CLiquid and vapor tom among the oceans, the atmospheric, and the land.D17. The major purpose of the United States Department of Education are to ensureAequal educational opportunity for all and to improve the quality of education.B C D18. Massive gains in computer speed, power, and reliably have been largely dueA B Cto advances in silicon technologies and manufacturing processes.D19. The sunflower, the official state flower of Kansas, and is widespread inA Bthe prairies of the western United States.C D20. Lake Superior, part of the United States-Canadian boundary, is a largestA B Cfreshwater lake in the world.D21. The snapper, a large-headed fish with a long dorsal fin, is named to itsA Bcharacteristic way of suddenly, shutting its mouth.C D22. The aim of the decorative arts is to beautiful our surroundings.A B C D23. Modern digital synthesizers, based on microprocessors, are virtually unlimitedA Bin the number and range of musical sounds it can produce.C D24. During the years he composed, Charles Ives was isolation from the music world;A Bnone of his major works was publicly performed.C D25. Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that attempts to eliminate conflict by alter theA B Cpersonality in a positive way.D26. Globally, the 1990's stood out as the warmest decade for what we have weatherA B C Drecords.27. Silicon chips are reliable and cheap to produce in large numbers and areAused them in computers, calculators, programmed household appliances, andB Cmost electronic applications.D28. Because its pitch cannot easily be altered, the oboe serves as the standardA Bwhich by the symphony orchestra is tuned.C D29. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that form cushions between tendons and bones andA B Cprotect them while movement.D30. In 1916, United States suffragist Alice Paul founded the National Woman’s Party,Aa political party dedicate to establishing equal rights for women.B C D31. The spice cinnamon and the drugs cascara and quinine all come from bark, theAprotective out layer of stems and roots of woody plants.B C D32. Tunas migrate long distances over all the world's oceans and occupy tropical,A B Ctemperate, and even some the cooler waters.D33. Taste buds, small sensory organ located on the tongue and palate, recognize fourA Bprimary tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter.C D34. Astronauts receive extensive training to prepare themselves both physically andA B Cpsychologically for complexity and rigor of a space mission.D35. By 1900 several prominent technical institutions, including the MassachusettsAInstitute of Technology, fashioned its own educational offerings to meet theB Cindustrial needs of the United States.D36. Some of the earliest mechanical devices were designed to raise water fromA B Cstreams for the irrigate of crops.D37. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 increased the territory of the United StatesAby approximate 846,000 square miles, practically doubling the area of theB C DUnited States.38. A most useful tool for analyzing the elemental composition of fossils is theA B Celectron probe, a modify electron microscope.D39. Few substance on Earth equal the beauty of gemstones such as twinklingA B Cdiamonds, green emeralds, red rubies, blue sapphires, and multicolored opals.D40. For the purposes of the fine and decorative arts, metals have been used either inA B Ctheir simple state and in uncomplicated alloys.DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10After 1785, the production of children's books in the Untied States increased but remained largely reprints of British books, often those published by John Newbery, thefirst publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting a child audience. Ultimate]y, Line however, it was not the cheerful, commercial-minded Newhery, but Anglo-Irish author5 Maria Edgeworth who had the strongest influence on this period of American children'sliterature. The eighteenth century had seen a gradual shift away from the spiritual intensity of earlier American religious writings for children, toward a more generalized moralism.Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles forinstruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional10entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction. As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction MariaEdgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructiveenough to allay adult distrust of fiction,American reaction against imported books for children set in after the War of 1812 15with the British. A wave of nationalism permeated everything, and the self-conscious new nation found foreign writings (particularly those from the British monarchy) unsuitable for the children of a democratic republic, a slate of self-governing, equal citizens. Publishers of children's books began to encourage American writers to write for American children.When they responded, the pattern established by Maria Edgeworth was at hand, attractive 20to most of them for both its rationalism and its high moral tone. Early in the 1820's, stories of willful children learning to obey, of careless children learning to take care,of selfish children learning to "tire for others," started to flow from American presses,successfully achieving Edgeworth's tone, though rarely her lively style. Imitative asthey were, these early American stories wee quite distinguishable from their British25counterparts. Few servants appeared in them, and if class distinctions had by no means disappeared, there was much democratic insistence on the worthiness of every level ofbirth and work. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious.self-reflective, and independent-testimony to the continuing influence of the earlierAmerican moralistic tradition in children's books.1. What does the passage mainly 4. The word "they" in line 9 refers todiscuss?(A) children(A) The career of Maria (B) AmericansEdgeworth as an author (C) booksof children's books (D) vehicles(B) The development of children'sliterature in the United States 5. The word "allay" in line 13(C) Successful publishers of is closest in meaning tochildren's books in Britainand North America (A)clarify(B) attack(D) Basic differences between (C)reduceBritish and American (D) confirmliterature for children2. The publisher John Newbery is 6: It can be inferred from the passageprincipally known for which of the that American children's books sold following reasons? before 1785 were almost always(A) He produced and sold books (A) written by Maria Edgeworthwritten by Maria Edgeworth. (B) attractive and interesting to(B) He had more influence on childrenAmerican children's (C) written by American authorsliterature than any other (D) intended only for religious andpublisher, moral instruction(C) He published books aimedamusing children rather thaninstructing them.(D) He was commercially mindedand cheerful.3. The word "notwithstanding" inline 8 is closest in meaning to(A) in spite of(B) in addition to(C) as a result of(D) as a part of7. By the end of the eighteenth 9. According to the passage, American century, the publishers of children’s children's stories differed from their looks in the United States were British equivalents in that themost concerned about which of the characters in American stories were following?(A) children who showed a change (A) Attracting children with of behaviorentertaining stories that (B) children who were wellprovided lessons of correct behavedbehavior (C) rarely servants(B) Publishing literature consisting (D) generally not from a varietyof exciting stories that would of social classesappeal to both children andadults 10. The word" testimony to" in line 28(C) Expanding markets for books is closest in meaning toin both Britain and theUnited States (A) inspiration for(D) Reprinting fictional books (B) evidence offrom earlier in the century (C) requirement for(D) development of8. The word "permeated" in line 15(A) opposed(B) improved(C) competed with(D) spread throughQuestion 11-21Lichens. probably the hardiest of all plants, live where virtually nothing else can---not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on sunbaked desert rocks. They are usually thefirst life to appear on a mountainside that has been scraped bare by an avalanche.Line Unlike other members of the plant kingdom, lichens are actually a partnership between5 two plants. The framework of a lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike fungus thatanchors the plant, The other component is an alga (similar to the green film of plant lifethat grows on stagnant pools) that is distributed throughout the fungus. Being green plants, algae are capable of photosynthesis--that is, using energy from the Sun to manufacturetheir own food. The fungi arc believed to supply water, minerals, and physical support to10 the partnership.Lichens are famous for their ability to survive ~ water shortage. When water is scarce (as is often the case on a mountain), lichens may become dormant and remain in thatcondition for prolonged periods of time. Some lichens can even grow where there is norain at all, surviving on only occasional dew--the moisture that condenses on the surface15 of the plants at night, And unlike most other plants, lichens are little affected by the strongultraviolet rays in the mountains.Lichens use little energy, for they grow slowly. Some grow so slowly and are so old that they are called "time stains." You may find lichens that are centuries old; certain ofthese lichen colonies have been established for an estimated 2,000 years.20 For decades, scientists wondered how the offspring of an alga and a fungus got togetherto form a new lichen, it seemed unlikely that they would just happen lo encounter oneanother. It was finally discovered that in many cases the two partners have never beenseparated. Stalklike "buds" that form on certain lichens are broken off by the wind or byanimals; these toll or are blown to a new location11. Which of the following questions 12. The word "hardiest" in line I isdoes the passage answer? closest in meaning to(A) Where can the oldest lichens (A) most unusualbe found? (B) most basic(B) How long does it take for (C) most abundantlichens to establish (D) most vigorousthemselves?(C) How large can lichens he?(D) Where do lichens usuallyoccur?13. The word "framework" in line 5 is 18. All of the following are mentionedclosest in meaning to in the discussion of lichens EXCEPT:(A) structure (A) They are capable of producing(a) fragment their own food.(C) condition (B)They require large amounts of(D)environment minerals lo prosper.(C)They are a union of two14, The author mentions "the green film separate plants.of plant life that grows on stagnant (D) They can live thousands ofpools" (lines 6-7) in order to explain years.(A) how the sun affects lichens 19. What does the phrase "lichen(B) why plants depend on water colonies (line 19)suggest?(C) where fungi become algae(D) what algae arc (A) Nothing but lichens live insome locations.15. It can be inferred from the passage (B) Many lichens live together inthat lichens use less energy and one area.grow more slowly when (C) Lichens displace the plantsthat surround them.(A) the environment is polluted (D)Certain groups of lichens have(B) they are exposed to ultraviolet never been separated.rays(C) they are very old 20. The word "encounter" in line 21 is(D) the supply of water is closest in meaning toinadequate(A) lose16: Which of file following terms is (B) supportdefined in the passage? (C) meet(A) "anchors" (line 6) (D) create(B) "stagnant" (line 7) 21. The word "these" in line 24 refers to(C) "dew" (line 14.)(D) "ultraviolet" (line 16) (A)partners(B) buds17. The word "prolonged" in line 13 is (C) lichensclosest in meaning to (D) animals(A)precise(B) extended(C) approximate(D)regularQuestion 22-31The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is nolinguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used forEurope between 7000 and 3000 B.C.) and the languages of the modem world, and we Line cannot yet translate the Old European script, Scholars have deciphered other ancient5languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions, When cuneiformtablets were first discovered in the eighteenth century, scholars could not decipher them.Then inscriptions found in baa at the end of the eighteenth century provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian10 and New Elamite--languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades,but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiarOld Persian language:Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone in the late eighteenth century. The stone carried 15the same message written in ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic,a simplified form of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for severaldecades until the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases weredecoded using the Greek inscriptions. Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosettastone to chart correspondences between Old European script and the languages that20replaced it.Tim incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early third millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had existed for 3,000 yearsAs the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe from the east, the continent underwent 25 upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old European culturesabundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly, although pockets of Old European culture remained for several millennia, ~ new peoples spokecompletely different languages belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family. TheOld European language or languages, and the script used to write them, declined andeventually vanished.22. What does the passage mainly 24, According to the passage, scholarsdiscuss? were able to decipher cuneiform(A) Reasons for the failure to script with the help ofunderstand the written (A) the Sumerian, Akkadian,records of Old European and Babylonian languagesculture (B) Old Persian.(B) Influences on the development (C) tablets written in Oldof Old European script European(C) Similarities between (D) a language spoken inOld European script and eighteenth century Iran。
中国石油考试中心TOEFL词汇题精选
VOCABULARY 11. The Mississippi River carries great amounts of fine sand and silt into the Gulf of Mexico south of New Orleans.(A) collections(B) mounds(C) reserves(D) quantities2. Even with adequate light and moisture, plant growth ceases when the air temperature suddenly drops below a certain minimum level.(A) nearly(B) steadily(C) narrowly(D) abruptly3. Margaret Avison, one of Canada's finest poets, has remained outside the mainstream of recognized writers.(A) thrived(B) stayed(C) reappeared(D) published4. Oil can be conveyed by pipeline from an oil region to a refinery.(A) transported(B) filtered(C) connected(D) diverted5. Dry beans are very rich in proteins and carbohydrates and may be eaten as a substitute for meat.(A) at the same time as(B) mixed up with(C) in place of(D) in addition to6. Farmers seldom attempt to cultivate every foot of their land.(A) like(B) try(C) plan(D) want7. In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things.(A) measures.(B) estimates(C) cancels(D) represents8. George Pullman, who invented the railroad sleeping car, designed a town for his factory employees in the outskirts of Chicago.(A) surrounding regions(B) stock yards.(C) back streets(D) manufacturing district9. The combination of lenses, in a compound microscope makes possible greater magnification than can be achieved with a single lens.(A) projects(B) requires(C) allows(D) involves10. In the 1700's North American colonists proclaimed their wealth and social standing by wearing elaborate stockings.(A) responsibility(B) events(C) organization(D) status11. Footnotes sometimes explain a word or an idea, but more often they merely cite the source of authority for what the author says.(A) correct(B) expand on(C) critique(D) refer to12. Some plants contain substances that interfere with the digestive processes of animals.(A) disrupt(B) encourage(C) augment(D) trigger13. Tung oil is a powerful drying agent used in varnishes and paints.(A) pure(B) potent(C) poisonous(D) permanent14. In his mathematics, Archimedes employed methods that resembled those of contemporary integral calculus.(A) were similar to(B) established(C) were supported by(D) prescribed15. Permeable rocks have pores of sufficient size to permit water to pass through them.(A) fluctuating(B) enlarged(C) adequate(D) perfect16. In north central Nebraska, huge herds of beef cattle graze on the grass meadows of enormous ranches.(A) feed on(B) sleep on(C) dominate(D) damage17. The theory of plate tectonics provided scientists witha framework for understanding how and why the various features of the Earth constantly change.(A) goal(B) motive(C) subject(D) structure18. Histamine is one of the chemicals released by certain body cells when tissues are injured.(A) destroyed(B) given off(C) inhibited(D) renewed19. Students of the Berry School for Mountain Children helped pay for their education by doing part-time labor that pertained to their particular course of study.(A) resulted in(B) began with(C) paid for(D) related to20. Some birds have a waxy coating on their feathers that causes water to form beads and slide off.(A) whiskers(B) streams(C) drops(D) nests21. The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen and before they turn black.(A) preserved(B) squeezed(C) gathered(D) sorted22. The Navajo people of Arizona and. New Mexico build, their hogans, cone-shaped, dwellings made of logs and earth, during the summer.(A.) fishing boats(B) living quarters(C) weapons(D) platforms23. In astronomy, a scale of magnitude from one to six denotes the brightness of a star.(A) signifies(B) predicts(C) contrasts(D) examines24. If an object is suspended from any point on the vertical line passing through its center of gravity, the object will remain stationary.(A) secure(B) flexible(C) immobile(D) hung25. Many people who want warm coats can buy fake furs.(A) costly(B) soft(C) heavy(D) imitation26. Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyd Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery.(A) slogans(B) short poems(C) sentiments(D) short pamphlets27. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.(A) misleading(B) calm(C) understandable(D) initial28. In the United States senatorial race of 1858 Abraham Lincoln was the Illinois candidate of the new Republican party, a coalition of antislavery groups.(A) a benefactor(B) an opponent(C) a forerunner(D) an alliance29. The most striking technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.(A) recent(B) productive(C) prominent(D) dangerous30. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.(A) groups of followers(B) years(C) countries(D) fields of studyVOCABULARY 21. Men and women who exercise vigorously seldom put on excess weight.(A) rarely(B) inevitably(C) compulsively(D) foolishly2. Anthropologists believe that in the sixteenth century a few thousand Inuits inhabited northern Canada.(A) threatened(B) fought over(C) governed(D) lived in3. The walrus uses its tusks to dig food from the ocean bottom.(A) floor(B) environment(C) islands(D) waves4. When he was in Congress, Joseph Martin, of Massachusetts was noted for keeping in touch with his constituents.(A) cooperating(B) conviving(C) celebrating(D) communicating5. Insufficient amounts of ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, cause scurvy, a disease characterized by spongy gums andanemia.(A) Ingested(B) Variable(C) Inadequate(D) Demonstrable6. By 1929, two years after the start of the "talkies," motion picture theaters in the United States were attracting 100 million patrons every week.(A) owners(B) actors(C) customers(D) critics7.Sophonisha P. Breckinridge, the first woman admitted to the bar in Kentucky, eventually abandoned her legal career and became a social worker.(A) supported(B) prosecuted(C) gave up(D) tired of8. Most modern printing inks contain synthetic pigments, binders, and solvents as well as ingredients to promote drying.(A) chemicals(B) components(C) glues(D) liquids9. President Jefferson approved the idea of using surplus revenues of the government to promote the interests of commerce, industry, agriculture, and education.(A) tax(B) financial(C) extra(D) precious10.Textiles are among the most important relics found in the ruins of ancient households.(A) Books(B) Statues(C) Plates(D) Fabrics11. Florida, largely a lowland peninsula, is surrounded on three sides by the water of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.(A) mainly(B) obviously(C) formerly(D) wholly12. Although Venus is the planet nearest the Earth, little is known about it because it is constantly covered by thick clouds.(A) continuously(B) completely(C) curiously(D) closely13. Acculturation is a process whereby the members of one culture adopt the customs of another.(A) spread(B) regulate(C) take on(D) count on14. Even though the topography of different areas of the southwestern United States is diverse, the weather patterns are quite similar.(A) predictable(B) humid(C) cyclic(D) comparable15. The National Ballet School of Canada, founded in 1957, produces finely trained classical dancers.(A) expensively(B) highly(C) traditionally(D) uniquely16. Humus is decayed organic matter that is an important part of fertile soil.(A) derived(B) compacted(C) decomposed(D) liquefied17. The best country music songs are those that express an emotion that is likely to make a listener weep.(A) smile(B) think(C) sing(D) cry18.Forests are delicate systems that, if disturbed, can be permanently destroyed.(A) fragile(B) expansive(C) complex(D) unusual19. An oyster forms a pearl to protect itself from some irritating bit of foreign matter trapped inside its shell.(A) needs(B) positions(C) develops(D) uses20. Through her portrayal of eight college-educated women in the book, The Group, author Mary McCarthy criticizes an entire period.(A) age(B) nation(C) social class(D) system of education21. In many parts of the world, taliamans are used to ward off evil.(A) keep away(B) describe(C) transcend(D) seek out22. Toward the end of a major earthquake, the force of the vibrations diminishes gradually.(A) by degrees(B) at random(C) noticeably(D) sufficiently23. Although the ancient classical theater was originally satirical and critical in tone, it definitely began to show signs of romanticism by the mid-fourth century B.C.(A) finally(B) occasionally(C) clearly(D) intentionally24. Although wildflowers appeal to nature lovers, some of them are considered troublesome weeds by farmers.(A) deadly(B) annoying(C) destructive(D) worthless25. The degree of declivity of a beach depends on its sediment composition as well as on the action of waves across its surface.(A) graininess(B) downward slope(C) seasonal change(D) resistance26. Will Rogers, an American humorist and social critic, became famous for his homespun humor and shrewd comments about current events.(A) stories(B) discussions(C) beliefs(D) remarks27. In modern writing, the distinction between literary expression and colloquial expression is often blurred.(A) exagerated(B) reversed(C) indistinct(D) unintentional28. Since nitrogen is a characteristic and fairly constant component of protein, scientists can measure protein by measuring nitrogen.(A) singularly(B) relatively(C) naturally(D) chemically29. Writers of mystery novels often try to fool their readers by presenting misleading clues.(A) deceive(B) intrigue(C) persuade(D) frustrate30. Most palm trees have slender, unbranching trunks witha clump of leaves at the top.(A) flock(B) bunch(C) herd(D) packVOCABULARY 31. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.(A) lived(B) died(C) hunted(D) fed2. Algae vary in their capacity to tolerate salinity changes.(A) desire(B) ability(C) effort(D) purpose3. Most classical music is recorded in studios where minimal extraneous sounds and distractions are likely to occur.(A) reliable(B) complementary(C) the loudest(D) the fewest4. Voted the most valuable player of the National League in 1949, baseball player Jackie Robinson also received a gold medal that year for his role in bettering race relations.(A) improving(B) discussing(C) evaluating(D) bartering5. Although great strides in agricultural technology have resulted in massive production increases, weather remainsan important limitation.(A) abrupt(B) enormous(C) long-term(D) overdue6. The American dancer Loie Fuller used perfume to create special effects during her performances.(A) dim lights(B) strange music(C) darkness(D) scent7. The circulatory system helps dispose of wastes that would harm the body if they accumulated.(A) catch up with(B) bear up under(C) get rid of(D) run out of8. The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduces in the 1950's.(A) discreetly(B) consistently(C) automatically(D) disproportionately9. In 1896 George Washington Carver became director of the Department of Agricultural Research at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a position he retained for the restof his life.(A) expanded(B) managed(C) cherished(D) kept10. Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.(A) finally(B) accidentally(C) experimentally(D) opportunely11. Lamp filaments are made from tungsten, a strong metal that can hold up under high temperatures without melting.(A) reduce(B) withstand(C) illuminate(D) reflect12. The junior college has become a significant component in the expansion of educational opportunities in the United States since the Second World War.(A) force(B) element(C) concept(D) academy13. During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.(A) sleep lightly(B) lose fur(C) go hungry(D) have babies14. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.(A) picked up(B) taken indoors(C) breathed in(D) eaten up15. Known as "The First Lady of Song." Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in 1934.(A) an award(B) an argument(C) a competition(D) a contract16. Chromium is a comparatively scarce element, occurring in nature only in compounds.(A) complex(B) strong(C) hard(D) rare17. Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight, when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.(A) at dusk(B) at noon(C) in the spring(D) in the fall18. The climate of the Middle Atlantic region of the United States varies with the altitude and land surface.(A) ocean waves(B) humidity(C) wind direction(D) elevation19. Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred on the outskirts of existing metropolitan areas.(A) in the countries(B) on the edges(C) on the streets(D) at the intersections20. A recent study concluded that unstable weather patterns may cause migraine headaches.(A) unforeseen(B) variable(C) violent(D) unusual21. Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500, the most prestigious automobile race in the United States.(A) fastest(B) wealthiest(C) most honored(D) most dangerous22. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.(A) speeches(B) duties(C) marches(D) moves23. The reproductive potential of aphids is unmatched in the insect world.(A) unqualified(B) unrecognized(C) underestimated(D) unequaled/ unparalled24. The boom in silver production after 1860 spurred the use of innovative machinery in crafting silver flatware and vessels.(A) stimulated(B) allowed(C) required(D) accompanied25. Barbara Reed, a probation officer in Ohio, tried to eliminate overly sweet foods from probationers’ diets in order to temper their antisocial behavior.(A) explain(B) moderate(C) do away with(D) learn about26. If ground-worms are removed from the soil and placed ina liquid, they thrash helplessly around.(A) carelessly(B) tirelessly(C) powerlessly(D) heartlessly27. H.L.Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English language.(A) an unrivaled(B) an unmistakable(C) a pretentious(D) a permanent28. In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insight through the use of such devices as questionnaires.(A) access(B) credibility(C) publicity(D) understanding29. After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony.(A) warned(B) urged(C) commanded(D) recruited30. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.(A) especially(B) actually(C) mainly(D) alwaysVOCABULARY 41. The flying squirrel does not truly fly, but glides through the air as it leaps from tree to tree.(A) actually(B) actively(C) sincerely(D) normally2. The Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program gives colleges and universities in the United States the opportunity to host visiting scholars from other countries.(A) money(B) chance(C) desire(D) ability3. Many English surnames once referred to specific localities.(A) places(B) jobs(C) characteristics(D) relatives4. In successful film productions, the camera crew and the director work intimately together.(A) very closely(B) profitably(C) very easily(D) hurriedly5. A demographer's main tasks are to ascertain the number of people in a given area, explain how and why that number has changed and predict future trends.(A) achievement(B) hobbies(C) capacities(D) duties6. Navajo Indians create sand painting by arranging grains of sand, ground-up minerals, and seeds of various colors into designs.(A) rows(B) rituals(C) maps(D) patterns7. The core of the Earth is thought to consist mainly of iron.(A) center(B) crust(C) mantle(D) ore8. Until 1957 the phenomenon of superconductivity defied explanation and was one of the outstanding puzzles of physics.(A) theories(B) factors(C) equations(D) mysteries9. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, undoubtedly the most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever passed in theUnited States, prohibits discrimination based on color, race, religion or national origin.(A) irrevocably(B) inconclusively(C) deductively(D) unquestionably10. At the age of 77, computer pioneer Grace Hopper was awarded the military rank of commodore by President Ronald Reagan.(A) Prize(B) position(C) benefit(D) presentation11. Running Water enlarges slight depressions in the earth to form gullies and ravines that may ultimately become valleys.(A) most importantly(B) in some cases(C) finally(D) rarely12. In the United states the judiciary decides whether or not congressional enactments are contrary to the principles of the Constitution.(A) connected to(B) in favor of(C) in conflict with(D) cooperating with13. Australian warblers habitually build their nests alongside those of hornets.(A) next to(B) the same length as(C) on the interior of(D) above14. American Indians smoked the calumet, often referred to as a "peace pipe" both when peace treaties were finalized and when war was declared.(A) concluded(B) broken(C) proposed(D) analyzed15. Palynologists, who study spores and pollen, also examine tiny fragments of animals and plants found in sediment.(A) families(B) skeletons(C) pieces(D) reliefs16. The hardships of early American pioneers have been treated in both history texts and works of fiction.(A) boats(B) adventures(C) difficulties(D) rewards17. The school of Abstract Expressionism, developed during the mid-1940's, represented a distinct departure from artistic realism.(A) definite(B) brief(C) logical(D) dangerous18. By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.(A) branches(B) exercises(C) perusals---READING CAREFULLY(D) violations19. Colonists brought the game of bowling to North America and it became so popular that several towns still bear the name of Bowling Green.(A) suggest(B) desire(C) honor(D) carry20. The barren soil of the Rocky Mountains provides few nutrients to the grasses growing there.(A) dirty(B) infertile(C) untouched(D) frozen21. When light enters a camera, it strikes the film, whose surface reacts to the light.(A) filters through(B) makes contact with(C) damages(D) erases22. Television commercials that sell household products have often been accused of reinforcing stereotypes of societal roles.(A) strengthening(B) modifying(C) exposing(D) contrasting23. Like painters, art photographers are usually concerned with color, shape texture, and overall composition in their work.(A) imaginative(B) superior(C) general(D) varied24. A talented actress. Ruth Draper was able to portray an impressive range of characters by seeming to do nothing more than change her attire and props.(A) clothing(B) dialect(C) demeanor(D) delivery25. Goldenrod was once considered to be a leading cause of hay fever, probably because it blooms at the same time as the less conspicuous ragweed.(A) beautiful(B) controllable(C) noticeable(D) desirable26. Limestone that can be highly polished is termed marble.(A) substituted for(B) known as(C) similar to(D) improved by27. Critics of the Wright brothers thought that the idea ofa flying machine was totally preposterous.(A) abosorbing(B) exciting(C) absurd(D) immoral28. The most typical feature of the Moon's surface is its profusion of craters, the largest of which are more than one hundred miles in diameter.(A) abundance(B) type(C) tolerance(D) circle29. In the street portraits of photographer Diane Arbus, a seemingly straightforward investigation of the art becomes an intense, introspective analysis of both subject and viewer.(A) an apparently(B) an obviously(C) relatively(D) a mostly30. The farthest southward penetration of glaciers on the Pacific Coast was in the proximity of Puget Sound.(A) forests(B) soil(C) vicinity(D) immensityVOCABULARY 51. In addition to being organs of hearing our ears assist us in maintaining our sense of balance.(A) Without(B) Instead of(C) Besides(D) In contrast to2. British Columbia's first gold rush was followed directly by the discovery of gold in eastern Canada.(A) secretly(B) importantly(C) smoothly(D) immediately3. The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for crops such as the peanut.(A) restored(B) stabilized(C) helped(D) changed4. Although best known for his political writing, reformer W. E. B.Du Bois also produced noteworthy fiction and poetry.(A) musical(B) unnoticed(C) extensive(D) significant5. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.(A) surveyed(B) farmed(C) irrigated(D) discovered6. Copper is commonly alloyed with zinc to make brass.(A) mixed(B) beaten(C) layered(D) heated7. Colorful parades were commonly organized on the frontier to display newly arrived merchandise.(A) Cavalry mops(B) objects for sale(C) immigrants to the West(D) circus shows8. Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States throughout the seventeenth century.(A) during(B) before(C) up until(D) just after9. The Atlantic trade winds and the belt of calms between them shift northward and southward with the seasons.(A) intensify(B) twist(C) move(D) rush10. Eudora Welty's stories deal with life in the rural South.(A) criticize(B) elevate(C) concern(D) ridicule11. Boston owes some of its economic success to its outstanding public transportation network.(A) busy(B) scenic(C) remarkable(D) gigantic12. In 1973 Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 50,100-word novel Gadsby without once using the letter "e"(A) simply(B) ever(C) at once(D) at first13. Caused by an ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy was a serious human an affliction until fairly recent times(A) attribute(B) notion(C) situation(D) problem14. Because light travels more quickly than sound, a rumble of thunder never precedes a bolt of lightning.(A) follows(B) accompanies(C) brings about(D) comes before15. Inuits depend mainly on fishing and hunting for their sustenance.(A) training(B) luxuries(C) recreation(D) livelihood16. Long acclaimed as one of the world's leading sopranos. Beverly Sills retired from her singing career to become artistic director of the New York City Opera.(A) principal(B) verstile(C) imposing(D) demanding17. Under proper conditions an iceboat can actually travel faster than the presuming breech.(A) suitable(B) unlikely(C) various(D) windy18. Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chimneys and other secluded places.(A) isolated(B) high(C) cimfortable(D) rural19. The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano.(A) competitors(B) imitators(C) predecessors(D) offspring20. Geneticist Barbara McClintock discovered that genes, which prescribe the function of cells in plants and animals, can move in unpredictable ways.(A) inhibit(B) mimic(C) alter(D) dictate21. Artists of the school of New Realism deliberately avoid expressing what they feel or think about the subject of their paintings.(A) subtly(B) actually(C) consistently(D) intentionally22. Citizens of foreign countries who hold certificates of deposit in Canadian banks are responsible for paying the Canadian government a tax on their investment earnings.(A) revenue(B) commission(C) product(D) banking23. In the Nothern Hemisphere, summer days are considerably longer than winter days.(A) above all(B) very much(C) in a way(D) on the whole24. In the 1400's artists often created their own pigments by pulverizing semiprecious stones.(A) washing color from(B) making a powder of(C) imitating colors of(D) brushing dust from25. The genetic material DNA contains coded information for the synthesis of proteins.(A) analysis(B) formation(C) absorption(D) functioning26. Cosmologists are more concerned with the origin and evolution of the universe than with the composition of the planets and stars.(A) interaction(B) background(C) outlook(D) make-up27. Gorillas build make-shift-hit nests each night after a day of foraging for leaves and beetles.(A) temporary(B) wide strong(C) skillfully camouflaged(D) individually tailored28. Until about A. D. 1400 iron was invariably smelted by the direct or bloomery process.(A) cheaply(B) rapidly(C) always(D) seldom29. For centuries before the first astronomers' probings, the Sun had been viewed only as a deity and was therefore not often the subject of scientific study.(A) a satellite(B) a god(C) an illusion(D) a planet30. Most of the great mountain systems now in existence developed fairly late in geologic history.(A) equally(B) somewhat(C) decidedly(D) altogetherVocabulary practice 61. Although air travel has some risk, statistically it is much safer than any other means of mass transportation.(A) downturns(B) opponents(C) danger(D) inconvenience2. George Gershwin was the first American musician whose jazz compositions were seriously appreciated by concert audiences.(A) heard(B) sought(C) admired(D) reviewed。
中国石油集团内部托福2004年8月TOEFL试题
2004年8月TOEFL试题PART ONE LISTENING1. (A) She left the videos in her other bag.(B) She will return one of the videos today.(C) She returned the videos last week.(D) She forgot how many videos she had borrowed.2. (A) She is not sure if there is a reduced price for students.(B) She is not willing to help the man.(C) She knows that students do not get a discount.(D) She thinks the tickets are free.3. (A) His sister studied at many different schools.(B) His sister will attend the same school he does.(C) His brother will come to visit soon.(D) He is not sure what his brother's plans are.4. (A) It might not be open.(B) It might have what the man is looking for.(C) It has less expensive clothing than the stores in town.(D) It does not sell sweaters.5. (A) The library will be closed later this afternoon.(B) The computers in the library are not working.(C) The man needs his computer all afternoon.(D) The woman lent her computer to somebody.6. (A) She has already paid the bill.(B) The bill should have been paid yesterday.(C) She has extra time to pay the bill.(D) The man can pay the bill next month.7. (A) He lost his watch.(B) lie thought the meeting was for a different day.(C) His history class ended 20 minutes late.(D) He was not paying attention to the time.8. (A) The man and the woman use the same computer.(B) The man cannot help the woman.(C) The woman cannot turn off the computer.(D) The man has helped the woman with her computer before.9. (A) She also thinks the lecture was interesting.(B) She was too tired to learn much from the lecture.(C) She missed the lecture this morning.(D) She did not finish the reading before the lecture.10. (A) Do something easier(B) Think of an idea himself(C) Tell her about his friend(D) Try asking someone else11. (A) She does not like to carry her books around.(B) She prefers reading books to reading on a computer.(C) She did not know the colnputcr version was avadablc.(D) She uses the book when her computer is not working.12. (A) The woman should change her living arrangement.(B) The woman will have to call her roommate.(C) The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.(D) The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.13. (A) He is too busy to come to the picnic.(B) The weather on Sunday will not be good enough for a picnic.(C) The woman should not change the date of the picnic.(D) The woman should invite more people to the picnic.14. (A) Going to the opera is time-consuming.(B) There is no time left to order opera tickets.(C) She would like to go with the man to the opera.(D) She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.15. (A) Explain the article again(B) Compare one historical period to another(C) Tell the class what her opinion is(D) Assign the class only one article to read16. (A) The woman can call the owner from his house.(B) He wants the woman to give him the wallet.(C) He knows who the wallet belongs to.(D) The woman should leave the wallet at his house.17. (A) Read the articles right away(B) Finish typing the letters before 4 o'clock(C) Make the photocopies as soon as possible(D) Go to the meeting late18. (A) He will not be able to attend the class next Friday.(B) He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.(C) The woman should cancel her plans for the weekend.(D) The professor has canceled classes before.19. (A) Stay in bed until he feels better(B) Go see a doctor(C) Take less medicine(D) Take a walk to the drugstore20. (A) The woman needs more work experience.(B) The woman may need to work while attending graduate school.(C) The woman needs to finish writing her statement soon.(D) The woman's work experience is relevant to her career plans.21. (A) Tell her the man left without her(B) Ask her to call the man back later(C) Go to the newspaper office(D) Tell her the man will call her at 2 o'clock22. (A) The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon(B) It was not the woman's coat that the man spilled coffee on.(C) The woman just had her coat cleaned.(D) The woman is not angry with the man.23. (A) The man will easily find a good job ill biochemistry.(B) The man should choose another field with more opportunities.(C) The man should try to get a job before he graduates.(D) The man needs to study harder to be a biochemist.24. (A) He will go to the art exhibition.(B) He did not get an invitation.(C) He already has other plans for Saturday.(D) He wants to join the publicity committee.25. (A) The toothpaste will soon be on sale.(B) She will lend the man seven dollars.(C) Toothpaste prices have risen sharply.(D) Many people are willing to buy the toothpaste.26. (A) She is worried about the midterm exam.(B) She heard the class is very difficult.(C) Professor Johnson is a new teacher.(D) Professor Johnson's leaching style will probably change.27. (A) Change his clothes before he goes hiking(B) Take a radio with him(C) Check the weather report in the local paper(D) Cancel his plans28. (A) She hopes to get into art school.(B) She is looking for a job as a commercial artist.(C) She has talents other than drawing.(D) She cannot decide upon a career.29. (A) He does not know how to get to the clinic.(B) He is going to the clinic for the first time.(C) The clinic will be closed by the time the woman gets there.(D) The woman is going the wrong way.30. (A) He will go to the film Saturday.(B) He will watch a basketball game on Saturday.(C) He will practice with the basketball team on Sunday.(D) He does not like to watch films.31. (A) What the man's plans are for tonight(B) Why the man does not want to play tennis(C) Why they do not have time to play tennis after class today(D) What time they can meet in the library32. (A) Yesterday before dinner(B) Two days ago(C) Last weekend(D) One week ago33. (A) He drank too much coffee last night.(B) He has the flu.(C) He is nervous about his anthropology project.(D) He missed dinner last night.34. (A) Let him win a tennis game(B) Help him finish his anthropology project(C) Give him some medicine for his stomach(D) Lend him her anthropology book35. (A) Safety in poorly lighted areas(B) A new type of outdoor lighting(C) Highway safety(D) Color blindness36. (A) The weather will be foggy later(B) The man will have to leave after dinner.(C) She no longer enjoys walking at night.(D) She wants to avoid rush hour traffic.37. (A) The sodium bulbs used there are stronger than in residential neighborhoods.(B) The spacing of the lights helps ensure true color.(C) The bulbs on highways are a different color.(D) The headlights on cars counter the fade-out effect.38. (A) They last much longer than regular bulbs.(B) They are easy to replace.(C) They conform to the new construction code.(D) They are safer to use than regular bulbs.39. (A) Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site(B) Making the houses in an area similar to one another(C) Deciding where on a site a house will be built(D) Surrounding a building with wildflowers and plants40. (A) They are changed to make the site more interesting.(B) They are expanded to limit the amount of construction.(C) They are integrated into the design of the building.(D) They are removed for construction.41. (A) Because many architects studied with Wright(B) Because Wright started the practice of "land-scraping"(C) Because Wright used elements of envelope building(D) Because most of the houses Wright built were made of stone42. (A) Protecting buyers of paintings(B) Why copies of famous paintings are made(C) How paintings are sold in the United States(D) Protecting artists from illegal use of their work43. (A) After the artwork is reviewed by lawyers(B) After all documents are filed(C) When the artist first gets an idea(D) moment the work of art The is finished44. (A) The buyer has the right to reprint it.(B) The buyer is allowed to change it.(C) The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.(D) The artist must report the sale to the United States Copyright Office.45. (A) The United States Copyright Office created it.(B) It does not protect artists' techniques and procedures.(C) It has not been changed since its creation.(D) It is applied only to copies of the original work.46. (A) The original work of art increases in value.(B) An artist has greater legal protection.(C) Artists can sell their work abroad.(D) Artists are allowed to make changes in their own works.47. (A) To explain how sense organs normally function(B) To point out errors in a recent study(C) To discuss an unusual condition of the brain(D) To present a creative approach to teaching language skills48. (A) Remembering word definitions(B) Recognizing repeated numbers(C) Distinguishing between similar colors(D) Tasting sounds49. (A) To explain the causes of synesthesia(B) To prove that sound and color can affect a person's mood(C) To determine whether or not synesthesia exists(D) To show how creativity can be stimulated50. (A) Consistently associate words with certain colors(B) Memorize long lists of words(C) Use colored printing to learn pronunciation(D) Use words creatively in art objectsPART TWO GrammarIn tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.(A) there is no(B) is there not(C) neither(D) no2. The femur, or thighbone, is in the human body.(A) the bone is longest(B) the longest bone that(C) the longest bone(D) that of which the longest bone3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.(A) Many(B) Of the many(C) There are many(D) Many are the4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.(A) are that vertical cylinders(B) that vertical cylinders(C) cylinders are vertical(D) vertical cylinders5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.(A) also to have occurred(B) their occurrence also(C) also occur(D) they do also occur6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were such as soap manufacturers.(A) commercial companies by sponsored(B) companies commercial by sponsored(C) sponsored by commercial companies(D) companies commercial sponsored by7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.(A) in which(B) that(C) what(D) there are8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.(A) Banking(B) When banking(C) It was banking(D) Banking was9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit to gather at a recently discovered food source.(A) while their nestmates(B) so that their nestmates(C) their nestmates(D) their nestmates are10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight(A) as similar(B) as similar as(C) similar than(D) that similar11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer.(A) Railroad history(B) Railroad history includes(C) Throughout railroad history(D) In railroad history there are12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands.(A) a part is important(B) partly important(C) what part is important(D) an important part13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.(A) a process(B) which process(C) a process in which(D) which is a process14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages.(A) of which usually(B) which usually of(C) is usually of(D) usually of15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became appointed to the faculty of Vassar College.(A) as the first woman(B) the first woman was(C) the first woman(D) being the first woman 16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannot alive in frigid climates because they need the Sun's warmth to give them energy_17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years ago by metal tools, who were used to buildinstruments and simple machines.18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considered ainspiring symbol of hope and freedom.19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcars byproviding flexibility greater in routes.20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during the early grow period of coffee, but dryconditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C DA BD21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants of the Northwest Coast of North Americafirst established trade mutes for obsidian.22. The simplest polymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alter slightlyand link together in a long chain.23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive of a majority of the members of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes, rendering they in straightforward, conventional styles that bordered occasionally on illustration.25. By. the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million,approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, the composition of the minerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock's geologic history.27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect only those persons living within certaingeographical limits.28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interactwith the environment of the area where they live.29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form mostimportant river system in Alabama.30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals werarely see.31. Advertising's primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchasean item before they are actually see and inspect it.C A BDA B C D A B CDAB C DA BC DA BC DA B C DA B CDA B C D A B CDA B C D32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless,A B C D colorless, and odorless.'33. Of all the elements in the Earth's crust, oxygen is known to be the more common.A B C D34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations onA Bfilm in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.C D35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered withA Bhusks what split when the nuts are ripe.C D36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs aA B retirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribute.C D37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully, and coherentA Bthan that from any other light source.C D38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge was the premier interior designer of hisAtime , receiving commissions for church interiors, private houses, and mural.B C D39. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificialA B Csatellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.D40. Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in so large numbers between 1765 and 1790A Bthat they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.C DPART THREE READINGPeople living today in the northwestern state of Washington who have many sourcesof news in addition to newspapers must stretch their imaginations to understand the importance of the press during much of the state's history. Beginning in 1852 withThe Cohumblan. the first paper in Washington Territory, ,lewspapers served to connectsettlers in frontier communities with each other and with the rnajor events of their times.Unlike many mid-century papers, The Columbian, published every Saturday in Olympia,one of Washington's larger towns, was "neutral in politics," meaning that it was not theorgan of a particular political party or religious group. For its first few years, it was theonly newspaper in the territory, but during the following decades, enterprisingWashingtonians founded many other papers. Few of these papers lasted long. Until theturn of the century, most were the production of an individual editor, who might beginwith insufficient capital or fail to attract a steady readership. Often working with nostaff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, andsold advertising. Their highly personal journals reflected their own tastes, politics, and known as the "Oregon style"--graphic, torrid, and potentially libelous.Early newspapers were thick with print, carrying no illustrations or cartoons.Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commodities received by local stores. Toward the end of the century, newspapers in Washingtonbegan to carry national advertising, especially from patent medicine companies, which bought space from agencies that brokered ads in papers all over the country. By 1900, Washington boasted 19 daily and 176 weekly papers. Especially in the larger cities, they reflected less the personal opinions of the editor than the interests of the large businessesthey had become. They subscribed to the Associated Press and United Press news services, and new technology permitted illustrations. Concentrating on features, crime reporting, and sensationalism, they imitated the new mass-circulation papers that William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were making popular throughout the United States.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Ways in which various newspapers were advertised in Washington(B) The history of newspapers in Washington(C) Editors of the first Washington newspapers(D) The illustrations in early Washington newspapers2. What does the passage imply about early Washington newspapers?(A) People relied on them as their primary source of news.(B) They contained important historical articles.(C) They were not as informative as today's newspapers.(D) They rarely reflected the views of any particular religion.3. ln line 7. the word “'i t” refers to(A) The Columbian(B) Olympia(C) religious group(D) political party4. In line 13, the word "oversaw" is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) supervised(C) collected(D) provided5. In line 15, the word "'delivered'" is closest in meaning to(A) confirmed(B) compared(C) questioned(D) presented6. According to the passage, which of the following was true of curly Washington newspapers?(A) Most were owned by part-time editors who worked at other jobs.(B) Most were run by editors who had little or no earlier newspaper experience.(C) Most received financial support from the town in which they were published.(D) Most stayed in business for only a short while.7. What does the author mention as typical of early newspaper editors from Washington?(A) Their capital grew rapidly.(B) Their political opinions changed with time.(C) They had many types of responsibilities.(D) They were generally members of the same political party.8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about advertising in Washington newspapers of the mid-nineteenth century?(A) It contained information about patent medicines.(B) It focused on local rather than national products.(C) It was printed on entire pages distributed in local stores.(D) It was the only part of the paper containing cartoons.9. In line 22, the word "boasted" is closest in meaning to(A) planned(B) financed(C) was forced to close(D) took pride in havingEuropa is the smallest of planet Jupiter's four largest moons and the second moonout from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft V oyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed--in our perception, at least--into one of the solar system'smost intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the ahnost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far offthe mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap. Theeggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick--a tree shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that, in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the cons by tidal forces generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel around Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heatkeeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa's icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after Voyager 2's encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images ofEuropa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa's subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing avast store of internal heat. Jupiter's early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa's ocean may have been liquidright to the surface, making it a crucible for life.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effect of the tides on Europa's interior(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter's moons(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter's moons(D) Techniques used by V oyager 2 to obtain close-up images11. The word "intriguing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changing(B) perfect(C) visible(D) fascinating12. In line 7, the author mentions "cracks in an eggshell" in order to help readers(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed informalion available by viewing Europa from far away(C) understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter's other moons13. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter's moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did not mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered14. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that "this analogy is not far off the mark"?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.15. It can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.16. The word "endless" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous17. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter's other large moons on Eurnpa?(A) They prevent Europa's subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa's surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.18. According to the passage, V oyager 2's images Ied rcsearchers to develop which of the following theories'?(A) Jupiter may be hotter today than it once was.(B) Europa is far older than scientists originally thought(C) Europa's temperature is maintained by Jupiter's vast store of internal heat.(D) The ocean waters of Europa could contain some forms of life.19 The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) internal heat(B) warm phase(C) Europa's ocean(D) surfaceThe term "print" has several meanings, so it is important to understand exactly what is meant by the artistic terminology. A print in the artistic sense is not a reproduction of a work of art done in some other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sense be considered a work of art, since the artist had no involvement with it. A print is an original work of art created by an indirect method. Instead of making an image directly on a surface, as in drawing or painting, the artist works on a master surface, which may be a sheet of metal, a block of stone, wood, plastic, or linoleum. From this master surface, numerous impressions may be made by inking the surface, laying a sheet of paper on it, and then subjecting both surface and paper to pressure, generally by means of a printing press.A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker alters the image between impressions, so that each print is slightly different from the others. Any series of such prints is referred to as multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that are possible from a single original varies with the material. Prints made from linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than those made from a metal plate, which is capable of striking fine-quality prints in the thousands. It is customary to number prints as they come off the press, the earlier impressions being the finest and therefore the most desirable.Prints incorporate the same compositional principles, as paintings. Line, shape, or texture may be the predominant element according to the printing technique used. Some prints have obvious decorative qualities while others may be filled with emotional impact. Printmaking derives from two historical sources: early woodblocks into which animage was cut and used to illustrate a book or playing cards, and the medieval practice of decorating metal with incised designs, as in armor. Today most techniques fall into one of four categories: relief( intaglio, lithography, and serigraphy. However, there are many variations, combinations with photographic techniques, and considerable overlapping.20. In the artistic sense, a print is a work of art created by(A) making a painting from an original drawing(B) drawing or painting similar images many times(C) transferring an original image from one surface to another(D)copying an original image made on paper onto a hard surface21. The word "That" in line 3 refers to(A) terminology(B) sense(C) reproduction(D) medium22. Which of the following is mentioned as an example of a master surface?(A) a drawing or painting。
2000年05月TOEFL托福考题适用中石油、国家电网等国企英语入职考试及职称英语考试
2000．5 月听力1. (A) They don’t enjoy swimming.(B) They won’t go swimming in the lake today(C) They don’t know how to swim(D) They’ll swim in the lake tomorrow.2. (A) The style of sweater she’s wearing is very common.(B) The man saw Jill wearing the sweater.(C) She wore sweater for the first time yesterday.(D) She usually doesn’t borrow cloths from Jill.3. (A) He went to see the dentist a week ago.(B) The woman should cancel her appointment with the dentist.(C) The woman’s too thache will go away by itself.(D) The woman should have seen the dentist by now.4. (A) She’s planning a trip to Antarctica.(B) She thinks attending the lecture will be helpful to her.(C) Her geography class is required to attend the lecture.(D) She has already finished writing her report.5(A)The woman should join the chess club(B)He’s not a very good chess player(C)The woman needs a lot of time to play chess(D)He’s willing to teach the woman how to play chess6(A)Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.(B)Return the novel to Alice immediately.(C)Help the man find his own copy of the novel(D)Find out how much the novel costs.7(A)He has already tasted the chocolate pudding.(B)Chocolate is his favorite flavor.(C)He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.(D)There is no more chocolate pudding left.8.(A)See the movie at a theater close by.(B)Wait until later to see the movie.(C)Consider seeing an English version of the movie.(D)Call the Pine Street Cinema to see what time the movie starts.9.(A)He doesn’t know how to find the student’s grade.(B)He doesn’t know if Dr. Wilson has finished grading the midterm exams.(C)He isn’t allowed to tell the student her grade.(D)Dr. Wilson doesn’t want to be contracted while she’s away.10(A)She had to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.(B)The man should have had his car inspected sooner.(C)The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.(D)The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.11.(A)He can act as a subject in the experiment.(B)He thinks the w oman’s experiment is difficult to understand.(C)He’s busy working on this own experiment.(D)He’s willing to help the woman run(?) the experiment.12(A)Look for the misplaced check.(B)Ask the bookstore for a refund(C)Borrow some cash from the woman(D)Repair this desk13(A)He hadn’t heard that Karen had a new roommate.(B)Karen wouldn’t give specific reasons for her feelings.(C)He thinks that Karen shouldn’t be angry.(D)Karen won’t be getting a new roommate after all.14(A)The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal to him on tim e.(B)He returned the thesis proposal to the woman a week ago.(C)He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet.(D)The thesis proposal isn’t acceptable.15(A)It only cost $400.(B)He bought it a year ago.(C)It has broken down.(D)It’s not as bad as his last car.16(A)Purchase some ingredients.(B)Give the man a recipe.(C)Write down the directions to the supermarket.(D)Check to see if the stew is ready.17(A)He arrived at the theater later.(B)He left his watch in the theater.(C)The production seemed much shorter than it actually was(D)He did not enjoy the production18(A)He can’t understand the instructions.(B)He doesn’t have a computer(C)He has a degree in computer science.(D)He needs to take his computer to be repaired.19(A)Arrange by phone to have a bucket delivered.(B)Deliver the papers herself.(C)Take her recycling to the town office(D)Return the bucket to the recycling department.20(A)She prefers her eggs fried.(B)She never eats breakfast(C)She gets an allergic reaction when eating eggs.(D)She doesn’t eat a lot for breakfast.21(A)He doesn’t know anything about engin eering.(B)He wants the woman to postpone the talk(C)He hasn’t finished preparing for his presentation(D)He regularly gives talks to high school students.22(A)He told the woman to take seven courses this semester.(B)He knew that the woman’s schedule would be too dif ficult for her.(C)His current schedule is also very demanding.(D)Taking so many classes will enable the woman to graduate early23.(A)He needs help repairing his truck(B)He doesn’t want to use his truck for the field trip.(C)The woman can use his truck if she agrees to drive.(D)He doesn’t think all the telescopes will fit in this truck24.(A)Dr. Luby won't be taking students to New York this year.(B)She doesn’t know where the man can buy theater tickets.(C)Dr. Luby is performing in play on Broadway.(D)She’s going on a theater trip with Dr. Luby.25(A)The woman’s source of information is reliable.(B)He didn't enjoy taking history with Dr. Parker.(C)He thought Dr. Parker’s tests were easy.(D)Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history.2626(A)The man doesn’t have air conditioning.(B)The man’s air conditioner is broken.(C)The man hasn’t been using his air conditioner.(D)The summer has been unusually hot.27(A)He has decided how he’s going to spend the prize money.(B)He doesn’t know how much his rent is going to increase.(C)He ’s already planning to enter(?) next year’s essay contest.(D)He has already paid his landlord for next year’s rent.28(A)He’ll probably postpone the test until after he talks about chapter 16 in class(B)He usually tells the students ahead of time what will be on his tests(C)He’ll probably t alk about chapter 16 in class today.(D)He might test the students on material not discussed in class29(A)He has been applying only for advertised jobs.(B)He’s convinced that there’s a shortage of jobs.(C)He doesn’t have time to read all the job ads.(D)He’ll help t he woman find a job.30(A)To make plans for the evening.(B)To ask her about the assignment.(C)To talk to her roommate.(D)To give her some information.31(A)A class presentation they’re preparing.(B)A television program the man is watching.(C)Visiting a close friend of theirs.(D)Studying for a test.3232(A)He’s taking a break from studying.(B)He has already finished studying.(C)He was assigned to watch a program by his professor.(D)He’s finding out some information for a friend33(A)He didn’t know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course.(B)He though she preferred to study alone.(C)He thought she had made arrangements to study with Elizabeth.(D)He had told her that he had done poorly on a recent test.34(A)He and Elizabeth argued recently.(B)He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.(C)He doesn’t want to bother Elizabeth so late in the evening.(D)He’d rather study in his own dormitory.35(A)A more economical diesel(?) fuel.(B)Characteristics of a new type of fuel..(C)Where a new energy source is located.(D)How to develop alternative energy sources.36(A)He’s studying for a test(B)He lost his notes.(C)He missed the class.(D)He’s doing research on alternative fuels.37(A)It will reduce the amount of pollutants in the air.(B)It will increase the amount of unpleasant odors from vehicles.(C)It will eventually destroy the ozone layer.(D)It will reduce the cost of running large vehicles.38(A)It’s expensive to manufacture(B)It hasn't been adequately tested.(C)It damages car engines.(D)It’s dangerous to transport.39(A)To help him explain the information to his roommate.(B)To help him write a paper(C)To prepare for a test.(D)To tell her if the notes are accurate.40(A)The life and times of an important modern poet.(B)How a poem’s images relate to its meaning.(C)The musical quality of modern poetry.(D)The poems of Gerthnde(?) Stein.41(A)She’s the most famous of the modern poets(B)She didn’t publish any of her works in her lifetime.(C)She was better known as a prose writer than as a poet.(D)She began her career as a writer relatively late in her life.42(A)It reflects poetic techniques that were rejected by modern poets.(B)It’s from a poem that the students have read.(C)It’s the title of a poem by John Ashbery.(D)It’s an example of a statement that is “empty but pleasing to hear.43(A)Read some poems out loudly (?)(B)Research the life of Gertrude Stein.(C)Compare the poems of Gertrude Stein to the poems of John Ashbery.(D)Write a few lines of poetry.44.(A)Employment in the fishing and whaling industries.(B)Nineteenth century sea captains.(C)The economic importance of sailing ships(D)The development of the steamship45(A)They were protected by a strong United States Navy.(B)They were supported by a well-developed railroad system.(C)Most crew members had experience on foreign ships.(D)As part(?) owners of the ships, captains got some of the profits.46(A)They carried passengers, but not cargo(B)They were large, but surprisingly fast.(C)They were the first successful steam-powered ships(D)They were more reliable than other ships of the 1860’s.47(A)It’s now taught with the aid of computers(B)It isn’t considered as important today as it was in t he past.(C)Children today learn it earlier than children did in the past.(D)A lot of time is spent teaching it.48(A)To indicate the emphasis teachers once placed on penmanship(B)To criticize a technique used to motivate children.(C)To illustrate the benefits of competition.(D)To suggest that teachers be recognized for their efforts.49(A)How educators create a curriculum(B)Why some parents object to the teaching of penmanship(C)The standards for penmanship in state curricula(D)The effects of rewarding good penmanship.50(A)The number of hours per week that must be spent teaching penmanship(B)The level of penmanship a child is expected to have.(C)The recommended method for teaching penmanship.(D)The reason computers should be used to help in the teaching of penmanship.②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②1.From 1949 onward, the artist Georgia O’Keeffe made New Mexico ______.(A)her permanent residence was(B)where her permanentresidence(C)permanent residence for her(D)her permanent residence2.Just as remote-controlled satellitescan be employed to explore outerspace, _______employed toinvestigate the deep sea.(A)can be robots(B)robots can be(C)can robots(D)can robots that are3.In ______ people, the areas ofthe brain that control speech arelocated in the left hemisphere.(A)mostly of(B)most(C)almost the(D)the most of4.Stars shine because of _______produced by the nuclear reactionstaking place within them.(A)the amount of light and heat is(B)which the amount of lightand heat(C)the amount of light and heatthat it is(D)the amount of light and heat5.________ is not clear to researchers.(A)Why dinosaurs havingbecome extinct(B)Why dinosaurs became extinct(C)Did dinosaurs become extinct(D)Dinosaurs became extinct 6.Although many people use theword “milk” to refer cow’s milk,_______ to milk from any animal, inc luding human milk and goat’s milk.(A)applying it also(B)applies also(C)it also applies(D)but it also applies7.The first transatlantic telephonecable system was not established_______ 1956.(A)while(B)until(C)on(D)when8._______ no two people think exactly alike, there will alwaysbe disagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively.(A)There are(B)Why(C)That(D)Because9.Drinking water ________ excessiveamounts of fluorides may leavea stained or mottled effect onthe enamel of teeth.(A)containing(B)in which containing(C)contains(D)that contain10.In the 1820’s physical educationbecame _______ of the curriculumof Harvard and Yale Universities.(A)to be part(B)which was part(C)was part(D)part11.Pewter, _______ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin, which copper or bismuth added for hardness.(A)was widely used(B)widely used it(C)widely used(D)which widely used12.A moth possesses two pairs of wings _________as a single pair and are covered with dustlike scales.(A)function(B)are functioning(C)that function(D)but functions 13.Soap operas, a type of televisiondrama series, are so called becauseat first, they were ________.(A)often which soapmanufacturers sponsored(B)sponsored often soapmanufacturers(C)often sponsored by soapmanufacturers(D)soap manufacturers oftensponsored them14.The Woolworth Building in NewYork was the highest in Americawhen _______ in 1943 and wasfamous for its use of Gothicdecorative detail.(A)built(B)it built(C)was built(D)built it15.Humans, ________, interact through communicative behavior by meansof signs or symbols used conventionally.(A)like other animals(B)how other animals(C)other animals that(D)do other animals16.More and 90 percent of the calcium in the human body is in the skeleton.A B C D17.Perhaps the most popular film in movie history, Star Wars was written and directionA B C Dby George Lucas.18.Some animal activities, such as mating, migration, and hibernate have a yearlyA B C Dcycle.19.Geographers were once concerned largely with exploring areas unknown to themA Band from describing distinctive features of individual places.C D20.In his animated films, Walt Disney created animals that talk and act like peopleA B Cwhile retaining its animal traits.D21.The first city in the United States that put into effect major plan for the clustering, ofA B Cgovernment buildings was Washington, D.C.D22.In a microwave oven, radiation penetrates food and is then absorbed primarily byA Bwater molecules, caused heat to spread through the food.C D23.The cultures early of the genus Homo were generally distinguished by regular use ofA Bstone tools and by a hunting and gathering economy.C D24.Dolphins are sleek and powerful swimmers that found in all seas and unlikeA Bporpoises, have well defined, beaklike snouts and conical teeth.C D25.The velocity of a river is river is controlled by the slope, the depth, and the toughA B C Dof the riverbed.26.The phonograph record was the first successful medium for capturing, preservationA B Cand reproducing sound.D27.Generally, the pattern of open space in urban areas has shaped by commercialA B Csystems, governmental actions, and cultural traditions.D28.A liquid that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutionsA B Cthat readily transmits electricity.D29.The initial discovery by humans almost 10,000 years ago that they could exploitAmetallic mineral deposits was an important milestone in theB Cdevelopment civilization.D30.In 1989 Tillic Fowler a Republican, because the first member of her party toAserving as president of the city council of Jacksonville, Florida.B C D31.General anesthesia, which is usually used for major surgery, involves a completeA Bloss of consciousness and a relaxed of the muscles.C D32.After first establishment subsistence farms along the Atlantic seaboard, EuropeanA Bsettlers in North America developed a maritime and shipbuilding industry.C D33.The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong that it can run up to 24 kilometers perA B Chour to catch lizards and small rodents.D34.For the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop properly, the presence ofA B Cthe thymus gland is essentially.D35.Physicians working in the field of public health are mainly concerned with theA Benvironmental causes of ill and how to eliminate them.C D36.By 1850, immigration from distance shores, as well as migration from theA Bcountryside, had caused New York City’s population to swell.C D37.By identifying similar words or structures in different languages, we find evidenceAthat those languages are related and may be derived from same ancestor.B C D38.Astronomers use photography and sighting telescopes to study the motions of all ofA B Cthe bright stars and many of the faint one.D39.In the nineteenth century a number of Native American tribe, such as theA BComanche, lived a nomadic existence hunting buffalo.C D40.The average elevation of West Virginia is about 1,500 foot above sea level.A B C DThis is the end of section 2.STOP②②②②②②②②②②②②②②②③③③③③③③③③③③③③③③Questions 1-95 10 15 20 25The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, arenot as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally. Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly. Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for insects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition for food,by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down so that fruit-bearing foliag e drops toward the gibbon’s face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off and retrievingthe whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail and plucking foodwith their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from one tree crown to the next that typify the high canopy. A macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing on a limb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surface area of its body. Finally, for the many small mammals the supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.1.The passage answers which of thefollowing questions?(A)How is the rain forest differentfrom other habitats?(B)How does an animal’s bodysize influence an animal’sneed for food?(C)Why does rain forest provideprovide an unusual variety offood for animals?(D)Why do large animals tend todominate the upper canopy 2.Which of the following animals isless common in the upper canopythan in other environments?(A)Monkeys(B)Cats(C)Porcupines(D)Mice3.The word “they” in line 4 refers to(A)trees(B)climbing mammals ofmoderately large size(C)smaller species(D)high tropical canopies4.According to paragraph 2, which ofthe following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest?(A)They have body shapes thatare adapted to life in thecanopy.(B)They prefer the temperatureand climate of the canopy tothat of other environments.(C)They have difficulty with thechanging conditions in thecanopy.(D)They use the trees of thecanopy for shelter from heatand cold.5.In discussing animal size inparagraph 3, the author indicates that(A)small animals requireproportionately more foodthan larger animals do.(B) a large animal’s size is anadvantage in obtaining foodin the canopy.(C)Small animals are oftenattacked by larger animalsin the rain forest.(D)Small animals and largeanimals are equally adept atobtaining food in the canopy. 6.The word “typify” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A)resemble(B)protect(C)characterize(D)divide7.According to paragraph 4, whatmakes jumping from one tree crown to another difficult for small mammals?(A)Air friction against the bodysurface.(B)The thickness of the branches.(C)The dense leaves of the treecrown.(D)The inability to use the frontfeet as hands.8.The word “supplement” in line 24 isclosest in meaning to(A)control(B)replace(C)look for(D)add to9.Which of the following terms isdefined in the passage?(A)canopy (line 1)(B)warm blooded (line 5)(C)terminal leaves (line 13)(D) springboard (line 21)Questions 10 – 195 10 15 20 25 30During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contribution of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary historyof the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the effortsof female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources form the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United States –one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radeliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men”. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public lifeas reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great mass of ordinary women. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.10. What does the passage mainly discuss ?(A)The role of literature in earlyAmerican histories.(B)The place of American women inwritten histories.(C)The keen sense of history shownBy American women.(D)The “great women” approach toHistory used by Americanhistorians. 11.The word “contemporary” in line 5means that the history was(A)informative(B)written at that time(C)thoughtful(D)faultfinding12. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet,Warren, and Adams are mentionedto show that(A)a woman’s status was changedby marriage.(B)even the contributions ofoutstanding women wereignored.(C)only three women were able toget their writing published.(D) poetry produced by womenwas more readily acceptedthan other writing by women.13. The word “celebratory” in line 12means that the writings referredto were(A)related to parties(B)religious(C)serious(D)full of praise14. The word “they” in line 12 refers to(A)efforts(B)authors(C)counterparts(D)sources15. In the second paragraph, whatweakness in nineteenth-centuryhistories does the author point out?(A)They put too much emphasison daily activities.(B)They left out discussion of theinfluence on money on politics(C)The sources of the informationthey were based on were notnecessarily accurate.(D)They were printed onpoor quality paper. 16. On the basis of information in thethird paragraph, which of thefollowing, would most likely havebeen collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A)Newspaper accounts ofpresidential election results.(B)Biographies of John Adams.(C)Letters from a mother to adaughter advising her how tohandle a family problem.(D)Books about famous graduatesof the country’s firs t college. 17. What use was made of thenineteenth-century women’s historymaterials in the Schlesinger Libraryand the Sophia Smith Collection?(A)They were combined andpublished in a multivolumeencyclopedia about women.(B)They formed the basis ofcollege courses in thenineteenth-century.(C)They provided valuableinformation for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D)They were shared amongwomen’s colleges throughoutthe United States.18. In the last paragraph, the authormentions all of the following aspossible roles of nineteenth-century“great women” EXCEPT(A)authors(B)reformers(C)activists for women’s rights(D)politicicans19. The word “representative” in line 29is closest in meaning to(A)typical(B)satisfied(C)supportive(D)distinctiveQuestions 20 – 295 10 15 20 25The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass”. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style: among the most celebrated was Emile Gallé(1846-1901). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany(1848-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It w as eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had present sincethe turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers. Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers alter the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement – that function should determine form – was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the style and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.20. What does paragraph 1 mainly 25. The word “overtaken” in line 19 is。
2001年08月TOEFL托福考题(适用中石油、国家电网等国企英语入职考试及职称英语考试)
2001年8月真题听力I. (A) He'll help Tina prepare for the meeting.(B) He's disappointed that he'll have to miss the meeting.(C) He often works extra hours.(D) He's afraid the meeting won't end on time.2. (A) The man will take the camera to be repaired.(B) The woman will take a picture of the man.(C) The woman will show the man how to use the camera.(D) The woman will borrow the man's camera.3. (A) He'd like to apply for a replacement card.(B) He needed to see a doctor two weeks ago.(C) He's pleased that the woman found the card.(D) He's glad he was finally able to get an appointment.4. (A) She doesn't understand the man's question(B) She doesn't have time to repeat the explanation now.(C) She doesn't mind answering questions(D) Shell return soon.5. (A) The woman doesn't accept the man's apology.(B) The woman wasn't bothered by the delay.(C) The man didn't realize the woman was waiting.(D) The man waited a long time for the bus.6. (A) The coat isn't warm enough to wear in cold weather.(B) She bought the coat last winter.(C) She needs to have the coat cleaned before next winter.(D) The coat is the only warm coat she owns.7. (A) She won't be a candidate next year.(B) She doesn't believe the news.(C) The news doesn't upset her.(D) The news will disappoint Mary.8. (A) Try to find the woman's roommate.(B) Buy tickets for the film festival.(C) Give the woman a ride to the bookstore.(D) Get a schedule for the woman.9. (A) He doesn't know many composers of classical music(B) Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.(C) He has known Annie's neighbor for many years.(D) Annie should try not to get sick.10. (A) She'll probably be late for her appointment with the dentist.(B) She won't be riding with her class to the museum.(C) She'll meet the man in front of the library.(D) She forgot that her class was going to the museum11. (A) She thinks it will rain today.(B) Her hobby is collecting coins.(C) She'll change the money for the man.(D) She's keeping the money for an emergency.12. (A) He studies engineering.(B) He has only recently become interested in philosophy.(C) He wasn't at the lecture.(D) He thinks Professor Warner is a good teacher.13. (A) The reports should have been completed by today.(B) Only the first part of the report is due next Friday.(C) Some students didn't finish their repons on time.(D) Some students haven't started their repons yet.14. (A) Spend thirty dollars on the painting.(B) Sell one of his paintings.(C) Look for a less expensive painting.(D) Buy the painting without the frame.15. (A) Exercise less frequently.(B) Take less medicine each day.(C) Visit him as soon as possible.(D) Take a new kind of headache medicine.16. (A) His job starts next week.(B) He's eager to start his new job.(C) His professor was mistaken about the job.(D) He believes the job interview went well.17. (A) Janet didn't attend.(B) Janet's friends did a lot of the work.(C) The man wasn't invited.(D) It was canceled at the last minute.18. (A) He's looking for another roommate.(B) He's sharing the room with his brothers.(C) He hasn't met his roommate yet.(D) He doesn't think the room is too small.19. (A) The train to Middletown is often late.(B) The man has missed the train to Middletown.(C) The next train to Middletown leaves in eleven minutes.(D) Trains don't stop at Middletown in the evening.20. (A) Wear his suit.(B) Prepare for cold weather.(C) Find out who's going to the party.(D) Dress informally.21. (A) She's not sure she'll be seeing Julia.(B) She'll phone Julia later in the week.(C) She doesn't know Julia's phone number.(D) She doesn't think Julia knows about registration.22. (A) Most of them were written near the end of the author's lifetime.(B) Many of them aren't included in the library's collection.(C) They were all highly praised by literary critics.(D) Many readers like to collect them.23. (A) The man is a good student.(B) The man shouldn't work overtime.(C) She wishes that she had a job.(D) She doesn't want to work with the man.24. (A) She doesn't expect to meet with Kevin today.(B) She can't wait any longer for Kevin.(C) Kevin is often late.(D) Kevin has probably overslept.25. (A) The books are all required for the history course.(B) Some of the books are for coursesother than history.(C) He plans to read more than just the books that are required.(D) He's worried he may not finish the required reading.26. (A) Watch a movie on television.(B) Go out to dinner with the man.(C) Go to the tennis court.(D) Play in the tournament.27. (A) She wishes she could help the man.(B) She has a bigger problem than the man has.(C) She knows a mechanic who can fix the man's car.(D) The man should buy a new car.28. (A) She's pleased the man's schedule won't change,(B) She can't offer the man a flexible schedule,(C) Whoever works at the front desk must have a flexible schedule,(D) She doesn't need anyone else to work at the from desk.29. (A) He wants the woman to repeat herquestion.(B) He agrees with the woman.(C) He wants to talk about the movie.(D) He wants to see the movie again.30.(A) Professor Lane is liked by her students.(B) Professor Lane never gives high grades.(C) The man deserves the grade he received.(D) The man should phone Professor Lane to thank her.Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the bestanswer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.31. (A) How different kinds of pepper are 34. (A) It's more pure than other types of produced, pepper.(B) Why white pepper is superior to (B) It helps maintain the color of certainblack pepper, dishes.(C) How the pepper plant is grown. (C) It has a fruity flavor.(D) How various peppers are used in (D) It's easier to grow.cooking.35. (A) He answered all her questions32. (A) He read about it in a cookbook, correctly.(B) He grows his own herbs and spices. (B) He received a good grade in cooking(C) He heard about it from a friend, class.(D) He studied it in cooking school. (C) She likes what he has just cooked.(D) She's impressed with his knowledge33. (A) It's preserved in liquid, of pepper.(B) The skin is removed.(C) It's dried in the sun. 36. (A) A story in prose.(D) It's freeze-dried. (B) A poem that rhymes.(C) A translation of a short literary work.(D) A journal about the process of writing.37. (A) The class has been assigned to read 38. (A) It's pronounced differently in Frenchit. than it is in English.(B) He was able to read it in French. (B) To write without using it is difficult(C) He isn't sure it's available in English. both in English and in French.(D) He thinks it's an example of what the (C) Every word in the French author' sprofessor wants, book contained it.(D) It's commonly used in English to make poetry rhyme.Part CDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk, you willhear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Here is an example.On the recording, you hear:Now listen to a sample question. Sample AnswerIn your test book, you read: (A) To demonstrate the latest use of computergraphics.(B) To discuss the possibility of an economicdepression.(C) To explain the workings of the brain.(D) To dramatize a famous mystery story.The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?" is (C),"To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).Now listen to another sample question. Sample AnswerIn your test book, you read: (A) It is required of all science majors.(B) It will never be shown again.(C) It can help viewers improve their memory skills.(D) It will help with course work.The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?" is (D), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.39, (A) As the result of the moisture in the Earth's atmosphere.(B) As the result of the Earth's rotation.(C) As the horizontal movement of air.(D) As the vertical movement of air.40. (A) It's the ultimate cause of winds.(B) It causes vertical movements of air.(C) It reduces differences in air pressure.(D) It's used to predict weather patterns.4 I. (A) Air pressure.(B) Temperature.(C) Humidity.(D) Wind direction.42. (A) How winds affect temperature.03) Reasons for sudden increases in wind.(C) The origin of storm systems.(D) How vertical air movement influences weather.43. (A) Factors that affect the ability to remember.(B) The influence of childhood memories on adulthood.(C) A proposal for future psychological research.(D) Benefits of a busy lifestyle.44. (A) The need to exercise the memory.(B) How the brain differs from other body tissues.(C) The unconscious learning of aphysical activity.(D) How nerves control body movement.45. (A) Repeat it aloud.(B) Write it down.(C) Make a mental picture of it.(D) practice recalling it.46. (A) Ask questions about the assigned reading.(BI Give an example of active learning.(C) Explain recent research on recalling childhood memories.(D) Make an assignment for the nextclass session.47. (A) How they behave toward ants fromother nests.(B) What they usually eat.(C) Why they are becoming extinct.(D) Why they were brought to California48. (A) They protect Argentine ants that live in neighboring nests.(B) They gather food with Argentine ants from other nests.(C) They fight Argentine ants from othernests.(D) They generally build larger nests than other ant species do.49. (A) They attack members of their own nests.(B) They recruit ants from other species into their nests.(C) They form large colonies made of several nests.(D) They hide from insects that attack their nests.50. (A) They share the same few ancestors.(B) They can't be distinguished fromnative Californian ants.(C) They are evolving faster than native Californian ants.(D) Their future survival is in doubt.语法:1. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source ..... beentapped by humans for centuries but, until recent years, only on a small scale.(A) has it(B) has(C) that has(D) that it has2. The importance of the hand, and moregenerally of the body, in children' s acquisition of arithmetic(A) can hardly be exaggerated(B) hardly exaggerated can be(C) can be exaggerated hardly(D) exaggerated can be hardly3. ---- is present in the body in greater amounts than any other mineral.(A) Calcium(B) There is calcium(C) Calcium, which(D) It is calcium4. the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have anecholocation system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews.(A) Rather(B) Despite(C) Although(D) Why5. The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less --- mass of Earth's Moon.(A) than that is the(B) than the(C) the(D) is the6. Like bacteria, protozoans ----- by splittin in two.(A) reproducing(B) reproduce(C) to reproduce(D) reproduction7. - ...... main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: extraction, assembly, and aleration.(A) There are three(B) Three(C) The three(D) Three of the8. Most documentary filmmakers use neither actors _____ studio settings.(A) or else(B) but not(C) nor(D) and .'9. Salamanders are sometimes confused with lizards, but unlike lizards ---- no scalesor claws.(A) that they have(B) to have(C) they have(D) are having10. The province of Alberta lies along three of the major North American flywaysused by birds_______ between their winter and summer homes.(A) the migration(B) migrating(C) migrate(D) and migrate11. Astronomers estimate ---- called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is415 light-years away from Earth.(A) that a loose cluster of stars(B) a loose cluster of stars is(C) that is a loose cluster of stars(D) there is a loose cluster of stars12. Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, ____ the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938, isbest known for her novels about China.(A) won(B) winner of(C) to win(D) who the winner of13. Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were stabilize and retain the first to eliminate arguments among leading performers -- - in order of appearance, instead of prominence.(A) of whom list the program(B) the program listing(C) for them the program listed(D) by listing them on the program14. During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible -- and uniformity of railroad service.(A) a new integration(B) for a new integration(C) that anew integration(D) and a new integration15. Forests stabilize _______and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams.(A) to the soil(B) the soil(C) where the soil(D) the soil is16. Modem societies are (such )complex that they could not (exist) (without) a we!l-developed (system )of law.17. Altitude, climate,( temperature), and the (length) of the growing season (both) determineWhere ( plants) will grow.18. The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel (designed for )underwater exploration, (consists of) a flotation compartment (with a) observation capsule( attached underneath) it.19. Water (constitutes)almost 96 percent of the (body weight) of a jellyfish, so ifa jellyfish were to (dry out )in the sun, it would virtually (disappeared).20. The most important (parameters) affecting a rocket's maximum flight velocity is therelationship( between) the vehicle's mass and (the amount )of propellant It (can carry.)21. There (were once) only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, but (today) there axe over 180, (many )built( to storing) water against periodic droughts.22.(all) harmonized music that is not contrapuntal (depends from )the relationship of( chords), which are (either) consonant or dissonant.23. Expressionist drama often (shows) the( influence) of modern psychology( byreflecting )the (frustrations inner) of the dramatist.24.( It is) the number, kind, and (arrange) of teeth that determine (whether)a mammal is classified as a carnivore-not the food that the animal (actually eats.)25.the sea otter is (well ) adapted (at) its marine existence ,(with) ears and nostrils that (can be )closed under water.26. Petroleum, which currently (makes up) about four-tenths of the world's( energy production), suppllies more commercial energy than (any another )(source).27. Someone( may )refuse to( recognize )the seriousness of an emotionally (threatening) situation and (perceive as) less threatening.28. (Through )experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists (can increase )our knowledge of human (reproductive )and development as well as our (understanding) of the nervous system.29.( When swollen )by (melting) snow or heavy rain, some rivers (routinely )overflow (its )banks.30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer (who) (had appeared) before the Supreme Court, becamethe( first) woman (was nominated )for President of the United States.31. The (taller) of all animals, a (full-grown) giraffe( may be )eighteen feet or (more high).32. Physicists have known (since) the early nineteenth century( that )all matter is (made up) of( tiny extremely )particles called atoms.33. Rain is( slight) acidic even in unpolluted air, (because) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere( and other) natural acid-forming gases (dissolve) in the water.34. In a stock company, a troupe of( actors) performs in a particular theater,(presenting )playsfrom (its) repertory of (prepare)productions.35. (Established in )1860, the Government Printing Office (prints and binds )documents for all(department )of the United States (govemment.)36. Ethnology, usually considered (a branch of )cultural anthropology, is often (defined as) the (scientifically)study of the origin and functioning of humans and (their) cultures.37. The one-fluid theory (of electricity )was (proposing )by Benjamin Franklin, a(man famous) for (his) wide interests and great attainments.38. Probably( not speech) of (so) few words (has) ever been( as celebrated )as Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.39. (Generally), Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable images (and does) not (adhere the) limits of conventional( form.)40.( Although) (complete) paralysis is( rare with) neuritis, some degree of muscle (weakness common.)阅读Questions 1-9Glass fibers have a long history. The Egyptians made coarse fibers by 1600 8c, and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 B c. During theRenaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glassfibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels.However, glassmakers guarded their Line(5) secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century.The eighteenth century brought the invention of "spun glass" fibers. Rene-Antoine de Reaumur, a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibersby rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot (10) thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted thatspun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yam reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber (15) from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, makingdecorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of littlepractical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silkand could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate (20) hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glasslooked golden.Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuousfilaments were developed. In the modem manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed (25) directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundredsof fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.1. Which of the following aspects of glass2. The word "coarse" in line I is closest infiber does the passage mainly discuss? meaning to(A) The major developments in its (A) decorativeproduction (B) natural(B) Its relationship with pottery making (C) crude(C) Important inventors in its long history (D) weak(D) The variety of its uses in modemindustry3. Why was there no~hing written about themaking of Renai~sance glass fibers untilthe seventeenth century?(A) Gl-assmakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make.( B) Glassmakers'did not want to reveal the methods they used.(C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers.(D) Production methods had been well known for a long time.4. According to the passage, using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pullfibers from molten glass made the fibers(A) quicker to cool03) harder to bend(C) shorter and more easily broken(D) longer and more durable5. The phrase "this material" in line 1 6 refers to(A) glass fibers03) decorations(C) ornaments(D) novelties for collectors6. The word "brittle" in line 17 is closest inmeaning to(A) easily broken(B) roughly made((2) hairy(D) shiny7.The production of glass fibers wasimproved in the nineteenth century bywhich of the following'(A) Adding silver to the molten glass(B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers(D) Using yam reels8.The word "appreciated" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) experienced(B) recognized(C) explored(D) increased9.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?(A) invention (line 7)(B) circumference (line 17)(C) manufacturing process (line 24)(D) bushing (line25)Questions 10-19The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, theirnests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.(5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. Whenshe does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously offthe nest to a spot well away fromeggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involvesfirst moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily throughthe grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodentlike (lO) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which (15) the plover "escapes" is such that ifthe predator chooses to follow, it will be led still furtheraway from the true nest.The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuumof injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The (20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In themost extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt totake to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails toprovide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey.Needless to say, each short mn between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers(B) How predators search for plovers(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators11. The word "merely" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A)often(B)only(C)usually(D)at first12. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.(B) They are generally defenseless when away From their nests.(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A)bringin(B)attracting(C)producin(D)minimizing14. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to(A) stay close to her nest(B) attract the predator's attention(C) warn other plovers of danger(D) frighten the approaching predator15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) covering(B) selecting(C) developing(D) explaining16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover'sbehavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?(A) Abnormal body position(B) Irregular escape route(C) Unnatural wing movement(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) catch(B) notice(C) defend(D) chase18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT(A) appearing to be injured(B) sounding like another animal(C) pretending to search for prey(D) pretending to sit on her eggs19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds(D)A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predatorQuestions 20-28The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today-summed up, not altogether accurately, as"research and development." Yethistorically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent Line phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world (5) as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensiveresearch and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequentlymisunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technologyevolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization becameincreasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way (10) to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientificmethods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in thenineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared aboutusing them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passedfor the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientificknowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding--of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economicbenefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting (20) with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and throughthem to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result ofattempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways (25) In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, andthe particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.20. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To show how technology influenced basic science(B)To describe the scientific base ofnineteenth-centuryAmerican industries(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry(D)To argue that basic science has no practical application21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)completely。
12月14日中石油托福真题
12月14日中石油托福真题中石油托福听力真题听力part A：20道听力单句听力part B：15道短对话，男女3句对话方式听力part C：3长对话+1篇lecture 共15道题听力part C真题:lecture 1：The state of Kansas is called the “Basket of America” because it ranks first in wheat growing and flour milling. In addition, there are hundreds of cattle ranches(大牧场)in western Kansas, some of which cover 50,000 acres. The state is larger than most states, but rather sparsely populated.In pioneer days, many settlers passed through Kansas seeking rich land and gold farther west. Looking upon Kansas as “useless waste of land,” they refused to settle there. However, when Kansas joined the Union in 1861 as a free state opposed to slave labor, the population began to increase. Finally, the railroads helped to attract settlers by selling them inexpensive land.1. The state of Kansas is known chiefly for its ___.A. rich land and goldB. railroads and highwaysC. cheap slave laborD. wheat and flour milling2. How can Kansas best be described?A. The population is small, but the state is largeB. It is a large state with a large population.C. The state is small and it has few people.D. Its sparse population inhabits 50,000 acres.3. What did early pioneers think about Kansas?A. They thought there was gold in western Kansas.B. They found slave labor too expensive.C. They considered the land unproductive.D. They like the rich soil.4. How did the railroads attract settlers?A. By giving away gold.B. By constructing flour mills.C. By opposing slave laborD. By offering cheap land.5. The chief occupation of most people in Kansas is ____________.A. running railroadsB. miningC. farmingD. manufacturing选自《大学英语2复习资料》lecture 2：One of the main complaints of the city residents in the United States is the number of homeless cats and dogs. It has been estimated by Friends of Animals Incorporation that more than 30 million cats and dogs are wandering through the streets of the cities. Each year, about a fifth of these animals are destroyed. A survey of 41 cities reports that as much as 15 million dollars is spent to capture and kill those animals every year. One city alone, Chicago, spends$1,000,000 a year to control its animal population. On the other hand, though you can find quite a lotof cats and dogs wandering in New York, the city government doesn't spend any money on animal control.1. What is Friends of Animals, Inc?A A tax-funded organizationB A society which roams the streets.C A control center for destroying straysD An agency interested in animals.2. Which of the following shows a lack of interest in animal control?A ChicagoB New York CityC Friends of Animals, IncD The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.选自《大学英语听力第四册lesson20》lecture 3:The Great LakesThe five bodies of water known as the Great Lakes are on or near the border between the United States and Canada. Lake Superior9 holds the most water. Lake Erie holds the least. Lake Michigan is the only one located totally within the United States. The other two are Lake Huron and Lake Ontario. The five Great Lakes are the largest group of fresh water lakes on Earth. Together, they contain about twenty percent of the fresh water in the world. There are about thirty-five thousand islands in the Great Lakes.The Great Lakes control much of the weather on the land that surrounds them. In the winter, moisture10 picked up by winds produces large amounts of snow, especially in the states of Michigan, Ohio and New York.The lakes also cool the air in the summer, then slowly move the heat over the area in the fall. This makes the area good forproducing grapes for wine. The lakes supply drinking water to millions of people living in both the United States and Canada. In the past, industry used the Great Lakes to move products such as iron, coal, stone, grain and salt. But the amount of shipping11 on the lakes has decreased. Newer, larger ships are too wide for the lakes. But small boats take visitors to many of the islands for vacations.The United States and Canada work together to improve conditions in the Great Lakes area. Officials are now working to change a treaty12 about ways to slow or stop the effects of climate change. They say that less ice formation13 over the lakes in recent years has caused lower water levels.The areas around the lakes report environmental conditions at a conference every two years. The last one took place in November of last year. The conference report said some conditions are improving while others are worsening. For example, it reported progress in reducing air pollution, but said some poisons in the air are still a concern. It also said some native plants are decreasing while more than three hundred kinds of non-native fish continue to invade14 the lakes.选自《VOA慢速英语200707130045》lecture 4：讲的是学生找教授谈关于上个论文得了F的事情，教授说他的论文和某某非常像，怀疑是抄袭，学生解释说虽然他俩关系很好，但是他的确没有抄袭，最后老师说给他一次presentation 的机会作为弥补，学生欣然接受。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
0310托福真题0310听力1A She is younger than her sister .B she does not spend much time with her sister’s children.C she does not get along well with her sisterD she no longer resembles her sister.2A Paper plates are cheaper than dishes.B Dishes break more easily than paper plates.C There is no need to wash any dishes now.D The woman’s roommate will return soon.3A She has not applied to any universities yet,B She will begin university classes in a few weeks.C She does not know yet if a university will accept her.D She is too busy to contact the university right now.4A Reconsider his position laterB Allow the student to miss classC Lower the student’s gradeD Suggest that the student try to reschedule the operation5A He does not have enough money for the trip yet.B He is planning to work during spring break .C The trip is too far off in the future to think about.D He has changed his mind about going to Canada.6A The photograph is not good enough to send.B The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.C They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.D Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.7A She should have asked to be excused from the trip.B She deserves the zero.C She is right to be angry.D She should have gone on the field trip.8A He wants to live off campus.B There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.C Living space in the dorm is crowded.D There are only a few apartments available off campus.9A Turn down the volume of the musicB Turn the music offC Play a different style of music.D Listen to music in a different room.10A It took a long time to finish the building.B He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.C He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.D He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday.11A Go to her class.B Cancel her appointment with the president.C Ask her professor to excuse her from class.D Attend the presentation.12A She admires Steve’s relationsh ip with his father.B She does not know Steve or his father.C Her daughter is older than Steve.D She disagrees with the man.13A He has heard the new CD.B He does not enjoy classical music.C He is not interested in the CD.D He rarely listens to music.14A Buy tickets for the next showing.B Leave the theaterC Change their seats for a better viewD Ask the couple in front of them to be quiet15A The library closes earlier during the summer.B The library is closed during summer vacation.C The library will be open until midnight tonight.D She does not usually go to the library during the summer.16A She is sorry the man has to cancel the plansB She wants to hand in her report early.C She would like to go with the man.D she does not usually enjoy the symphony.17A He has other plans for the eveningB He is looking forward to attending the party.C He often misses Linda’s parties.D he wants to know if he should bring anything to the party.18A There is just about enough time to do the jobB The desk has never been so orderly.C The clock on the desk needs to be set.D The desk really needs organizing.19A He enjoys looking at the flowers.B He thinks the park is boring.C He does not like walking with the woman.D He does not see any trees.20A There are not very many hotels in the area.B She stayed at the Clover Inn last month.C She is not sure the man’s parents would like the Clover Inn.D It may be too late to get a room at the Clover Inn.21A Wait until later to eatB Go to the cafeteria without herC Bring her some food from the cafeteriaD Meet her at the cafeteria22A He has to work with his brother .B He has no definite plans.C He usually works on weekends.D His plants depend on the woman.23A Buy stamps at the post officeB Mail the woman’s billC Drive to the woman’s houseD Pick up a package from the post office24A The woman should call Bill to check his schedule.B The woman should have left for the airport earlier.C The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill .D Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival.25A She did better on the quiz than the man did.B She did not have to take the quiz.C She has not yet received her grade on the quiz.D She did not do well on the quiz.26A He will be happy to share their dessertB He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.C He expected the traffic to be bad.D He is not upset that they ate lunch.27A She has to quit her job in the laboratory.B She cut herself while working in the laboratory.C She enjoys doing laboratory experiments.D She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too.28A Ask for directionsB Try a different route to the beachC Go back for the mapD Cancel their trip29A He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting.B He will meet the woman briefly on FridayC The report will not be ready until Thursday.D The report was finished last Friday.30A Find out when the bookstore opensB Withdraw some cashC Inquire about a jobD Spend her extra money on books31A Ways to determine the age of a fossilB The identity of a fossil the woman foundC A comparison of two shellfish fossilsD Plans for a field trip to look for fossils32A The class is going to study them .B They evolved from brachiopods.C They are similar to brachiopods in appearance.D They belong to the same species as brachiopods.33A It has a ribbed shell.B It has an unusually large valve.C It was found near the water.D It is smaller than a mollusc.34A He has never seen a fossil that old.B It could be many millions of years old.C It is probably a recent specimen.D He will ask the lab how old it is.35A Take it to classB Put it in her collectionC Take it to the labD Leave it with her professor36A A jewelry store robberyB Buying a birthday presentC Writing a storyD Doing research for a class assignment37A Her professor did not like her story .B She had trouble finishing her assignmentC she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D She was taking too many courses,38A Take some extra timeB Do a writing exerciseC Do some work for another courseD Write the story ending first39A To go shoppingB To do research for her storyC To meet with her professorD To take a break from her work40A To describe ways pests can damage plantsB To examine the life cycle of caterpillarsC To explain how corn plants developD To describe how a natural pesticide works41A Caterpillars chewing on its leavesB Wasps laying eggs on its leavesC Pesticides sprayed on its leavesD Knives cutting its stalk42A By flying in circles around a fieldB By detecting a chemical signalC By inspecting individual corn leavesD By noticing the caterpillar’s coloration43A Recently discovered manuscriptsB Similarities among religionsC Methods of analyzing ancient manuscriptsD How ancient manuscripts are preserved44A The simplicity of their languageB Their ageC The location of their discoveryD The material they are made of45A Orally preserved teachingsB A collection of lettersC A diaryD A scholarly article46A Ancient settlers in AsiaB How Buddhism is practiced todayC The spread of Buddhism in AsiaD Why some languages disappear47A The language they are written in is not widely known.B They cannot be moved from where they were foundC The writing in them has fadedD Many people want credit for the discovery.48A The advantages of an economy based on farmingB Reasons farmers continued using river transportationC The role of cotton in the United States economyD Improved methods of transporting farm crops49A The new technology used to build roadsB The ability to transport goods over landC The trade in grain and cottonD The linking of smaller local roads into one long road50A Reduced charges for transporting farm productsB Required payment from vehicles that used their roadsC Made repairs to older roadsD Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities10月语法1.The musical comedy Oklahoma! did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt......(a)original themes(b)to original themes(c)that were original themes(d)how original themes2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.(a)an animal breathes air that(b)an animal that breathes air(c)an animal breathes air(d)that an animal breathes air3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.(a)is the largest(b)the largest(c)that is the largest(d)the largest that is a4.It is said that United Stales literature......individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.(a)was achieved(b)achieved(c)to achieve(d)achieving5.Lucy Stone ,......first feminists in the United States ,helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.(a)the one(b)who was the(c)another(d)one of the6.......,including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.(a)Depending on many factors(b)Many factors depending on(c)Factors depending on many(d)On many factors depending(7)Duke Ellington's orchestra ,......his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.(a)he played(b)playing(c)that it played(d)was playing(8)The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface......(a)as is today(b)than today is(c)than they do today(d)that today(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly from services that the government could provide.(a)property owners benefited so that(b)why property owners benefited(c)that if property owners benefited(d)that property owners benefited(10)Helium is not flammable and ,next to hydrogen ,is......(a)known the lightest gas(b)lightest the known gas(c)the lightest gas known(d)the known gas lightest(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to30 years.(a)live(b)to live(c)they live(d)their living(12)Portland,......,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.(a)which Maine's largest city(b)Maine's largest city where(c)is Maine's largest city(d)Maine's largest city13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.(a)Despite(b)Whether(c)Though(d)Except for14.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered......in the nineteenth century.(a)them as microcosm of living organisms(b)the microcosm of living organisms(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large ,gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.(a)it is mostly(b)mostly(c)almost(d)both are almost16．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt ,sour cream ,and vinegar.17.Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.18.Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.19.Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls ,which allowing for further growth.20.T.S.Elot,who a poet ,playwright, literary critic ,and editor ,was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost th e entire boundary westernof North and South America.22．Established in 1948 ,the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature ,records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given ,neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting ,for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage througha prism.29.Today,fifty years after its construction ,the Alaska Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in normal year.30.Since prehistoric times ,artists (have been)arranged colors on surfaces (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.31.(Few substances) look less (alike than) coal and diamonds ,yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure ,increase cloud cover ,and rising humidity.33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.36.In this world of high technology ,it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.39.The Crow ,Blackfoot ,and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.40.In the late 1800’s ,United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad ,powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.Questions 1-9:Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second moonout from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar system’s(5)most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forcesgenerated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel aroundJupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat(15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below. Soon after Voyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images ofEuropa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a(20 )vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have been liquidright to the surface, making it a crucible for life.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior(B)Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons(C)Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons(D)Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images.2.The word “intriguing” in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A)changing(B)perfect(C)visible(D)fascinating3.In line 7, the another mentions “cracks in an eggshell”in order to help readers(A)visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B)appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewingEuropa from far away(C)understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D)recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered5. what does the author mean by stating in line 7 that “this analogy is not far off the mark”?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in commonwhich of the following?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.7. The word “endless” in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?(A) A long period of extremely high tides(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky coreQuestion 10-19Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples ofthe Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings ofcultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In bothareas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding(5)and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certainnative plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.(10) The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of theMidwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years agoand domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term “Neolithic” isnot used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period(15)elsewhere in the world.Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of thecontinent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there islittle evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticatedfoods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering(20)wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather thanfor food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were allweedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form aroundhuman settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and(25)dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almostdomesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, becauseethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant foodand had detailed knowledge of plants.10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology(C) Their development of agriculture(D) Their distribution of work between men and women11. The word “these” in line 13 refers to(A) seeds(B) river valleys(C) the Midwest and the Southeast(D) experimentation and domestication12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?(A) 7,000 years ago(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago(C) Long after the Neolithic period(D) Before the Archaic period13. The word “adequate” in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) sufficient(B) healthful(C) varied(D) dependable14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for thecultivation of plants in eastern North America?(A) Lack of enough wild food sources(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements(C) Provision of work for an increasing population(E)Desire for the consistent availability of food15. The phrase “rather than” in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A)in addition to(B)instead of(C)as a replacement(D)such as16. The plant “sumpweed” is mentioned in line 25 in order to(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritionalvalue(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate17. The word “thrived” in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) stayed(B) originated(C) grew well(D) died out18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all earlydomesticated plants?(A) They were varieties of weeds.(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who begancultivating plants were(A) medical workers(B) leaders of ceremonies(C) women(D) huntersQuestions 20-29Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the othersto follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the routeby intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail(5 )pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the contextchanges. These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants ineither direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has tobe kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use(10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitiveto these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way,(15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone willevaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from sideto side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna intothe vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space.(20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new courseuntil its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and soweaves back and forth down the trail.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones21. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food22. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly23. The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trailpheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to pointout(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.27. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select28. The word “ oscillating “ in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) falling(B) depositing(C) swinging(D) starting。