高中英语虚拟语气讲解与练习

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虚拟语气

英语有两种语气——陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。

Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。

(1).表达与现在的事实相反的假设或想象:ﻫ条件从句

主句ﻫIf + 主语+过去式, 主语+should/would+动词原形If +主语+ were,主语+ would/should+动词原形

(其中,should用于第一人称,would可用于各个人称。)ﻫIfIhad enough money, I should/would buy acamera.ﻫIf I were rich,Iwould help thepoor.ﻫ(2).表达与过去事实相反的假设或想象:ﻫ条件从句

主句

If +主语+ had +过去分词, 主语+should/wouldhave+ 过去分词

If I had had enoughmoney, Iwouldhave bought a car.

(= Ididn’t have enough money,soIdidn’tbuy it.)ﻫIf it had not rained yesterday,we should have gone fishing.

(3)表达与将来事实相反的假设或想象,有三种形式:

①条件从句主句ﻫIf+主语+ should +动词原形,主语+ should/would +动词原形

(表示可能性极小“万一”)

If it should raintomorrow,I would not go.

注意:if从句的动词形式不分人称与数,一律用“should+动词原形”

②条件从句主句

If+主语+were to + 动词原形,主语+ should/would +动词原形ﻫIf

I were to go abroad, I would goto America.倘若我要出国,我就到美国。

③条件从句主句

If+主语+动词过去式,主语+ should/would +动词原形If he went to theparty,hewouldbe disappointed.ﻫ(4) 在条件状语从

句中,常会出现主句所表示的行为所发生的时间与从句表示的行为的时间不一致,叫做错综时间虚拟条件句,即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致。如从句指过去,而主句却指现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。

If youhadgone to bedearlylast night, you wouldnotbe so sleepy now.ﻫIf I were you,Iwouldn’thave gone to the party lastnight.

(5) 假设情况不用if从句来表示,而是用without, but for,otherwise, or, but等表示一种含蓄条件。

表示与现在或将来相反,用“would (should,could, might)+动词原形”;表示与过去相反用“would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词”

I knew myuncledid have no time.Otherwise he wouldhave kept mecompany to go hiking.

例1:We______ John'snameonthe race list yesterdaybut for his recent

injury.(2011·江西卷28)

A.will put B. willhave put C. would put D. would haveput

例2: I______throughthat bitter period without your generous help. (2011·陕西卷22)

A.couldn't have gone B.didn'tgo

C. wouldn't go D.hadn'tgone

(5)条件从句if的省略:ﻫ当从句中有were,过去分词had, 或should时,if经常省略。此时,主语后面的主动词(were, had,should等)被移至句首。

WereI a bird, Iwould flytoyou.

= If I wereabird,I would fly to you,

Should it rain tomorrow, Iwouldnot go there.

= If it should raintomorrow, Iwould not go there.

例:______inyourposition,I would go.

A. If I

B. WereI C. If was I D. If I am

Ⅱ用在从句中的虚拟语气

⒈宾语从句中的应用

(1) wish后的宾语从句:

表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;

表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时;

表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的主观愿望,常用“would (could)+动词原形”。

I wishI knew the answer to the question..

I wished Ihadn’tspent so muchmoney.

I wishitwould stopraining.

I wishyou wouldcome soon.

例:—Where are the children?

—I wish they______ always late.(2011·北京卷28)

A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeen

C.wouldn'tbe D.wouldn'thavebeen(2) 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire,demand,advice, insist,require, suggest, propose,order,recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。

I demand that he (should)answermeimmediately.

The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.

【注意】

(1)suggest 意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气.

His pale facesuggestedthat he was in poor health.

(2)insist 意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

2.主语从句中的应用

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