名词与名词化结构

被动语态：名词化结构（作主语）＋中性动词 （被动语态）＋状语
Tapping or removing the molten iron from the furnace is done every 4 or 5 hours.
The molten iron is tapped or removed from the furnace every 4 or 5 hours.
A detailed model of the photodegradation with TiO2 as catalyst is presented.
for hydrogen ions to combine with chloride ions in the solution
The distillates need to be recovered now.
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差异
如果有逻辑主语， 第一、二类名词的逻辑主语都跟在其后 the combination of hydrogen ions the combining of hydrogen ions
the combination of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solution
Recovery of distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit.
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动词性名词（verbal noun）
the examining of the object with an ordinary microscope
the combining of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solution
The recovering of distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit
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动名词（gerund）
examining the object with an ordinary microscope
Curved rails offer resistance to the movement of the train.
Curved rails resist the movement of the train.
offer 只取句法作用，语义由名词化结构表示
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名词化结构的用法
3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡
中性动词make, take, give, get, do, have等 意义份量轻、接近中性动词的动词perform,
achieve, obtain, carry out, establish, present等
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名词化结构的用法
3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡
主动语态：中性动词＋名词化结构＋介词短语
hydrogen ions’ combining with chloride ions in the solution
Recovering distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit.
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不定式（infinitive）
to examine the object with ordinary microscope
动名词 gerund examining combining
不定式 infinitive to examine to combine
动词性 名词性
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名词化结构的用法
1 直接作句子的主语、宾语和表语
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名词化结构的用法
2 用介词连接－作介词宾语
By opening the valves 11 and 12, residual gas from the adsorber 2 flows into the evacuated adsorber 1.
第三、四类名词的逻辑主语提高前面
分词用名词或代词的所有格作逻辑主语
hydrogen ions’ combining
不定式用for引出逻辑主语
for hydrogen ions to combine
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差异
动作名词 action n. examination combination
动词性名词 verbal n. the examining the combining
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名词化结构的用法
Breaking up the larger molecules of the heavier liquids in the petroleum mixture into the smaller, lighter molecules of gasoline is carried out in huge refinery tanks by certain materials called catalysts.
名词化（nominalization）
名词化主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词， 或起名词作用的非谓语动词
一般由动词派生，也包括由形容词加后缀ability, -ity, -ness等构成的名词
可分为四大类：动作名词、名词性动名词、 动名词和不定式
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动作名词（action noun）
an examination of the object with an ordinary microscope
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名词化结构的用法
2 用介词连接－作介词宾语
However, in the presence of air, surface oxides may form within the engine.
if air is present
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名词化结构的用法
3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡
While the valves 11 and 12 are opened,
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名词化结构的用法
2 用介词连接－作介词宾语
The method of transfer metal to the workpiece depends on the magnitude of the current.
the method by which metals transferred to the work-piece