专利价值的评估及实现策略

华中科技大学

硕士学位论文

专利价值的评估及实现策略

姓名：程勇

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：金融学

指导教师：简志宏

20060401

华　中　科　技　大　学　硕　士　学　位　论　文　

摘要

专利是知识产权的重要组成部分，是一种重要的无形资产。专利价值评估和专利价值实现是现代企业资本投资决策中一个极其重要的问题。实物期权方法是现代金融期权理论在实物资产的扩展。持有某专利期权的投资者有权利而没有义务投资该专利，从而增加了专利的价值，减少了风险。因此，利用实物期权方法来评价专利投资，可以合理地模拟和评价复杂的专利投资期权。

本文论述了专利评估的传统方法，分析了传统方法的不足。在传统评估方法的基础上，运用实物期权的方法评估专利价值。由于专利具有复杂的性质，专利期权的评价的定量分析比一般的金融期权定价模型要更为困难。根据现有的金融资产定价理论，对于简单的衍生证券的价格可以得到在理论上的计算模型，但是对绝大部分专利投资期权的评价问题是得不到有效解决的，所以数值仿真技术成为评价专利投资期权的一种极其重要的手段之一，本文的数值仿真技术为蒙特卡罗模拟方法。同时，论文论述了运用专利策略实现专利价值的一些建议。

本文主要研究了专利定价模型，运用实物期权的方法评价专利投资决策，并且建立期权定价模型。假设专利价值和市场容量遵循几何布朗运动，其路径采用数值模拟分析。运用动态规划方法推出期权定价公式，通过数值解法求解和分析数值结果，得出专利价值的影响因素。在闲置和经营状态下的专利投资期权分别进行了评价，并且得出了进入和退出的阀值。

关键词: 专利定价实物期权专利策略

华　中　科　技　大　学　硕　士　学　位　论　文　

Abstract

The patent is an important component of the intellectual property right, and a valuable type of intangible assets. The evaluation of patent project is of extreme importance in modern capital investment decisions of firms. Real options method is an extension of financial options theory to real assets. The investor who has the options has the right (but no obligation) to invest, which adds value to the project and decrease the risk. So using real options method to evaluate investment projects, the complicated option to invest can be simulated and valued reasonably.

This thesis discussed the traditional methods of price-making of patent and analysis the weakness of traditional methods. On the basic of those traditional methods, the thesis used the real option method. With the complex structures and characters of the patent, quantitative analysis of the valuation of the option to invest is more difficult than that of ordinary financial option pricing mode. According to the existing valuation theories on financial assets, the easy derivative securities may have the simple computation model in theory, but valuation for most of the option to invest cannot be solved effectively, so the technique of numerical simulation has become a very important means of evaluating the option to patent. The numerical simulation method of this thesis is Monte Carlo simulation. This thesis discussed the traditional methods of price-making of patent and analysis the weakness of traditional methods. On the basic of those traditional methods, the thesis used the real option method.

This thesis mainly researches price-making of patent model. The model use real options approach to value investment strategies under regulation, and sets up an option-pricing model. The value of the project, whose path is simulated and analyzed numerically, follows a geometric Brownian motion. This part derives the option pricing formula by using the dynamic programming method. Solving the formula numerically and analyzing the numerical results, influences of regulation on patent investment are found out. The patent investment options in the idle and active states are evaluated respectively, the thresholds of entry and exit are obtained.

Key Words: Price-making of patent Real option Patent strategy