考博英语语法总结

考博英语语法基础知识

一、倒装

（一）全部倒装

1. “There (Here) +be+主语”

There stand big buildings in this district.

Here on the desk lies a pile of books.

2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)

In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.

3. 介词短语作状语位于句首

In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.

4. 表语位于句首

Especially remarkable was his flat nose.

Not far from here is a famous university.

5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文

She wasn’t angry, and neither was I.

Peter does n’t like pop music. No more does his brother.

6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）

Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.

（二）部分倒装

1. 疑问句

2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）

Never did John speak rudely to his parents.

3. “only+状语”位于句首（主句变为倒装）

Only when he comes back can be leave.

4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首

No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began.

5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) By no means should you break the rules.

At no time should we give in to difficulties.

6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)

7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”

Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.

Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.

真题剖析

(2000) Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban 46 .

46. A. way B. life C. area D. people

二、限定词的用法

1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)

2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)

3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或不可数)

4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)

eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”

eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.”

从句为考察重点

(1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that 51 was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …

51. A. which B. what C. it D. that

(1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …

52. A. While B. When C. So D. If

(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan apparently still