自考英语语法重点串讲资料

Part 1 动词主要时态和语态表1.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动： do / did / will do被动： are done / were done / will be done2.现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动： are doing / were doing / will be doing被动： are being done / were being done3.现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动： have done / had done / will have done被动： have been done / had been done现在完成进行时主动： have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用1.现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now， so far， for three years， since 1995， over past ten years，by the end of this week， by the year of 1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week， we’ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时:从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。

汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.I’ve often been thinking of you.He’s been worrying about her safety.Obviously she’s been crying.All these years he’s been traveling.过去完成时:1) said， reported， thought等引导的间接引语中。

e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.He said that he had been in China for over ten years.He showed me the poems he had written.He believed that he had done the right thing.He told me that he had known her since he was a child.I heard that they had made an important discovery.She learned that scientists had made a breakthrough in the treatment of that disease. 2） hardly…when， no sooner… thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.No sooner had she arrived than she began to complain.Hardly had we got out when it began to snow.Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中e.g If I had tried harder， I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.4) 用于状语从句When she had sung her song she sat down.I found the letter long after he had gone away.Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work.He refused to go till he had searched all the rooms.I didn’t begin the work until he had gone.As soon as he had done it, he knew it was a mistake.5) 用于定语从句She showed me the pictures she had painted.Peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry when his sister came up.She wore the necklace her mother had left her.6) 与time连用It was the first time I had made such a mistake.It was the second time he had been in that house.It was the third time she had been out with him.7) 其它We finished the work earlier than we had expected.The concert was more successful than they had thought.We didn’t get along as well as we had hoped.I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.I’d intended visiting him this weekend but I wasn’t able to make it.We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1.So far， Irving ___ （live） in New York City for ten years. （has lived）2.The patient ___ （send） to another hospital before we got there. （had been sent）3.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ （witness） the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. （witnessed）Part 2. 非谓语动词动词主要时态和语态一览表非谓语动词形式意义1.现在分词一般式 doing 主动，正在进行被动式 being done 被动，正在进行完成主动式 having done 主动，已经完成完成被动式 having been done 被动，已经完成过去分词 done 被动，已经完成2.动词不定式一般式 to do 主动，将要进行被动式 to be done 被动，将要进行完成主动式 to have done 主动，已经完成进行主动式 to be doing 主动，正在进行3.非谓语动词作状语1)动词不定式：①目的状语；②结果状语e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）2)分词：①伴随状语；②原因状语；③条件状语④让步状语；⑤时间状语e.g. Walking along the street， he met his old friend. （时间）Being very tired， my father didn‘t go out with us. （原因）Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件）4.非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分词作状语）After having done their homework， the children began to play. （连词+分词）After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （状语从句）With homework done， the children began to play. （独立结构）5.非谓语动词作定语If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。

（to be made）Do you know the man ____ （ stand） in front of the house？（standing）The question ____ （discuss） at the moment is very important. （being discussed）The pidge ____ （build） in the 1950s is still in good condition. （built）6.动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。

e.g Rising early is good for health.To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.My biggest wish is to go apoad.Seeing is believing.7.作宾语1)接动名词作宾语的动词：admit， acknowledge， avoid， deny， consider， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive，finish， suggest， mind， include， involve， delay，put off， postpone， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc.2)接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to，seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin3)接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：forget， remember， regretstop， continueneed/ wantallow doing/ allow sb to do① How can I forget meeting you for the first time？Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.② I can‘t stop laughing. /Can you stop to give me a hand？③ The grass needs cutting. /The grass needs to be cut.④ We don‘t allow smoking here. /You are not allowed to smoke here.历年考题中的非谓语动词1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ （do） is ignored by society as of no value or importance. （doing）2. Anyone ___（want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. （wanting）3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ （control） his direction. （to control）4. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals ___ （use） in experiments may decrease. （used）5. A life ___ （live） without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. （lived）6. This poem， if ___ （translate） word for word into Chinese， will make no sense. （translated）7. They may have their passports _____ （remove）， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. （removed）8. Her body， with hands and feet ____ （bind）， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. （bound）Part 3. 虚拟语气真实条件句: If I have time I’ll come over to see you.If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.If he has written the letter, I’ll post it.第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气时间从句主句与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + doIf I had enough money, I would buy a computer.If I had a map I would lend it to you.If I lived near my office, I’d walk to work.If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.If you tried again you might succeed.If I could type, I might save a lot of time.If I knew her number I could ring her up.与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have doneIf you had arrived a little earlier, you would have seen her.If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.If anything had happened, he would have let us know.If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus.I should/would have talked to mother if I had thought of it.If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.与将来事实相反 were to do should/could/would + do should doIf he were(was) to resign, who would take his place?If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine, (you could) ring this number.第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气would rather + 从句; wish + 从句; if only + 从句; as if/ as though + 从句;It‘s time + 从句I would rather you told me the truth.I’d rather you didn’t ask me that question.I had rather you did it.I wish I knew what was going to happen.I wish I could help you.I wish I were young again.I wish I had listened to your advice.She wished she hadn’t come.I remember it vividly as though it were tonight.He talks as though he knew where she was.It’s high time you bought a new car.It’s time we were leaving.第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。