美式英语音标

美式英语音标分类说明phonetics the sounds of american english发音: 美国英语语音consonants 辅音vowels 元音--------------------------------------------第一按发音方法分类(辅音)：manner(发音)方式1.stop爆破音--是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。

2.fricative摩擦音--由发音器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发出的声音。

3.affricate塞擦音--有塞音和擦音紧密结合所构成的音，发音时注意最初形成阻碍部位要完全闭塞，然后渐渐打开。

4.nasal鼻音--口腔气流通路阻塞,软腭下垂,鼻腔通气发出的声音。

5.liquid流音--舌端齿龈测流音 ,舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前部向硬腭抬起,气流从舌的一侧或两侧滑出。

6.glide滑音--指发音器官移向或移离某一发音动作的过度音。

--------------------------------------------------第二按发音位置分类(辅音)：place (发音)位置1.bilabial双唇音--由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅音。

biodental唇齿音--由唇与牙齿的咬合而发出的辅音。

3.lingua-dental舌齿音--牙齿咬着舌头发出的音。

4.palatal上腭音--舌头贴着上腭发出的音。

5.lingua-velar软颚音--舌头贴着软颚发出的音。

6.glottal声门(声带)音--自声门发出的音。

--------------------------------------------------------------第三按嗓音分类(辅音)：voice 嗓音1.voiced浊音--振动声带所发出的辅音，除气流受到阻碍外，同时振动声带发出乐音。

2.voiceless清音--发音时不振动声带所发出的辅音，即清音纯粹由气流受阻所构成的且不带乐音。

----------------------------------------第四元音的分类：1.monophthongs 单元音2.front 前元音3.central 中元音4.back 后元音5.diphthongs 双元音, 复合元音单元音发音的共性： 1. 舌位不移动； 2. 在发音过程中，没有摩擦； 3. 不受发音器官的任何阻碍。

单元音发音的特点： 1. 前元音发音时，舌端靠近下齿，舌前部抬高； 2. 中元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高； 3. 后元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高。

英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音元音12个单元音长元音[i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]短元音[E] [O] [V] [Q] [e]8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]辅音10对清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]浊辅音[d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]3个鼻音[m] [n] [N]3个似拼音[h] [r] [l]2个半元音[w] [j]巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。

双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。

辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。

有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

关于语音的几个概念:AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。

DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典(English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。

它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。

1888年国际语音协会(International PhoneticAssociation) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。

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