基于物联网的停车场诱导系统外文文献及翻译

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智能停车场设计研究外文文献翻译

毕业设计附件外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：SV Srikanth. The research of intelligent parking lot design[J], Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, IEEE, 2016: 48-57.原文The research of intelligent parking lot designSV SrikanthAbstractCars have brought a lot of convenience, and also brought a lot of inconvenience to people, many cities in the "parking" problem. The traditional manual management of the parking lot has not meet the actual demand, exist in most traditional parking fee management confusion, the overall operation efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient, safe and reasonable management, quick and convenient intelligent parking lot management system has become many large comprehensive buildings and necessary facilities in residential area. Intelligent parking lot has become a hot research topic in the intelligent building technology. Most of many senior residential district of the city, shopping malls, entertainment, hotel, units parked car number is more, such as the emergence of a high degree of automation intelligent parking lot management system, not only effectively resolve disorderly parking place caused traffic chaos, but also can promote the regularized development of traffic facilities, in addition, the commuting time of large amount of car, parking efficiency is low, brought inconvenience to the owner. Intelligent parking lot to embolden manage system is the use of advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, and connecting with the user's demand to the management of charging on parking lot, and traffic management experience and development of the system. System provides an efficient way of management, to provide users with more convenient, more efficient service.Keywords: intelligent parking lot; RS485; Ethernet1 IntroductionSince entering the 21st century, the development of the society as a whole to promote the improvement of the people's living standard, therefore, in the city of private cars gradually became the most household items. After the purchase of vehicles, people in the travel convenience at the same time, also need to be the problem of parking difficulty, even in formal parking lot, also often can't reasonable, effective management and use of limited parking Spaces. Therefore, parking lot intellectualized management became practical to improve the efficiency of parking research subject. In fact, with the sharp increase in vehicles, parking? A corresponding increase in the number of, car park management cost of manpower and material resources is increasingly expensive, it also become the intelligent parking lot management outside the brother of one reason. As a result, the intelligent parking lot management style has become the trend of social development. Due to the subject can effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle management and improve the safety coefficient of the parking lot, so also can reflect its high practical application value.2 Intelligent parking lot management system designs2.1 Intelligent parking lot was compared with the traditional parking lotTraditional parking lot management system completely free operating by management personnel, management personnel of the most concern is the parking the car in and out of the parking lot of the time, so that the charging, and because the human problems, there is also less charge, leakage phenomenon, efficiency and security of the parking lot and consider less.Aimed at the lack of these aspects of the traditional parking lot, this paper puts forward the intelligent parking lot management system, vehicle in and out of the system can through the automatic identification of related technologies, and related to the vehicle information was saved in the system, such as the number of vehicles in and out of the parking lot, every car into the playing time for billing, fees, etc. At the same time to avoid the less charge, leakage problem. To improve the running efficiency of the parking lot. Intelligent parking lot management system operation process is as follows: when the car into the parking lot, system start the camera and intake of vehicle image, after computer processing to getthe vehicle type, size, license plate, color and other information, the information with that of the card only to the user and deposited in the database. When vehicles leave the parking lot, the user card is consistent with the license plate number or vehicle images and related information to release. The system is to adopt "a car one card" management model, namely from vehicles into the parking lot has to leave the parking lot, related to the car all the data associated with the ID number of the card, through the only? ID number, we can be the user information, vehicle type, license plate, color, image, vehicles into the playing time, stop time, should be paid with unified information in the database, such as easy to Chad and storage.2.2 The composition of the intelligent parking lot management systemIntelligent parking lot management system consists of a data processing system, the entry control system, vehicle equipment system, user management system; export control system of five parts. Relevant data of each system should be treated by a data processing system. Entrance control system include: access card reader antenna, gateway machine, automatic gate entrances camera, vehicle detector, transceiver card system; Vehicle equipment systems including parking space detection module and LED display in Chinese; User management system including user management and billing charges. Electronic tags: using RFID technology, for each car into the parking lot, the electronic label can be combined with the existing wireless card or RFID handset, stored with the vehicle model, plates, color information, etc., at the same time, the realization of automatic management of consumption.Entrance card reader antenna: rf signal transmission between the device and reading and writing labels. Inward and outward automatic alarm machine, automatic alarm and automatic machines have induction and button control a variety of ways, with functions of sensing detecting anti hit, main function is to motor vehicles in and out management. Under normal circumstances, the gate rail down, the door closed, a ban on vehicle access. When legal vehicles into the controller on the open ring alarm relay control lift rail of the crane, vehicle to allow access. Brake down after the vehicle automatic reset, such as road, is in the process of the traffic through, will stop falling back, in case you hit a car. Quick way between installed in the entrance to aparking lot, distance control machine 3 m or so. By the box body, motor, clutch, mechanical transmission parts, between rods, such as electronic control parts. Inward and outward camera: the camera in and out of the parking lot, vehicles, intake of related processing image through system.Vehicle detector: this detector is surrounded by a group of induction coil and current digital circuit board, and the alarm or control machine, coil respectively to make sweet in the park underground 20 cm, as long as there is traffic on the road, the coil will generate induced current signal, after dealing with the vehicle detector to control the machine or alarm signal control, generally speaking, the import and export with two vehicle detector, the alarm pole in front of the detector is lost to the working state of the host signal.3 The relevant technology of the intelligent parking lotAccording to the actual needs of this paper the design of the intelligent parking lot, this paper adopted ZigBee technology as intelligent parking lot of the wireless communication technology. This chapter makes a brief introduction of ZigBee technology and its agreement, and put forward mainly CC2530 chip controller hardware module design, Z - Stack is analyzed the working process of the protocol Stack, implements the communication system of license plate number, state of parking space and lighting information such as packaging and send. Close range wireless communication technology was first used in industrial production, however, as the daily communication requirements continue to increase, especially in recent years, a variety of the huge popularity of digital communication equipment, represented by the Bluetooth and wi-fi at close range wireless communication technology is also began to enter the ordinary people every aspect of life. It is generally believed that close range wireless communication of information is a way to send and receive radio waves, and send and receive the two sides apart at close range (generally think that ina few meters).3.1 The infrared transmission techniqueCould say that, in all of these close range wireless communication technology, the use of infrared transmission technology history is most long, is also the mostwidely used. In ordinary daily life, we often can see there is the case of using the infrared transmission technique, the more common is a TV set, and the remote control of air conditioning, etc.Because use analog signal transmission, almost no other similar signal on its interference, thus the transmission stability is better. And now the development of the technology is very developed, the price is cheaper also. Due to the infrared transmission point-to-point transmission characteristics of direct connection, its security is also high. But the technology is also there is a short transmission distance, high requirements for communication Angle, can't penetrate obstacles such as defects.3.2 Bluetooth technologyEricsson first proposed the Bluetooth technology, and then set up the Bluetooth technology alliance specification its technical standards. Were identified in 1999 put forward the technical standard of 2.4 GHz as its working frequency, and began the business promotion. Compared with was very widely used infrared technology, Bluetooth technology adopted different from mouth to mouth way of transmission, and the relative speed has improved a lot. Sold on the market at present most is the Bluetooth device using version 2.0, along with the rising of wireless transmission, Bluetooth technology is also constantly updated, the latest Bluetooth version 4.0, the main technique is characterized by high speed and low power consumption.3.3 ZigBee technologyZigBee protocol is set by the ZigBee alliance, the first official version of the agreements are released in 2004.The main characteristics of this technology is low cost, less power consumption, the number of nodes, network topology diversity, simple structure and high safety. At present the technology mainly used in the digital home, building automation, industrial and agricultural automatic control, intelligent transportation, health care and remote monitoring of the environment and disaster areas.3.4 The wi-fi technologyWi-fi is Wireless Fidelity short for Wireless Fidelity ().It is called the IEEE 802.11 standard, b is the wi-fi alliance manufacturers as a brand product certificationtrademark. The wi-fi technology has a very wide range of applications, in addition to the daily life can see laptops, tablets and smart phones and other equipment through the connected wi-fi Internet conveniently, some airports and stations, many hotels, restaurants and schools and even more developed cities also often provide wi-fi hotspots, to facilitate the users.3.5 UWB technologyUWB is Ultra - wideband (UWB), the main characteristics of this technology is low power consumption and high speed transmission. It uniquely adopted the pulse signal as a way to transfer data.UWB already has more than 50 years of history, was first used in military field, but was not published until 2002, the United States, the technology and its application in commercial field.UWB technology characteristics of high-speed transmission, determines it is particularly suited to be used to transmit large capacity of multimedia data such as had video. The characteristics of the wireless transmission can also help the original electronic equipment cable transmission mode between upgrade for the wireless transmission mode, make their connection between all kinds of smart devices become more convenient and flexible, the future may result in the "smart home", "digital office", etc. To get more extensive application in the scene.译文智能停车场设计研究SV Srikanth摘要汽车给人们的交通生活带来了很多方便之处，也给人们带来了许多不便，很多城市出现了“停车难”问题。

基于物联网的停车诱导系统

基于物联网的停车诱导系统袁静;陆超【期刊名称】《现代电子技术》【年(卷),期】2012(035)024【摘要】By introducing the key technologies of IOT, such as infrared sensing, the global positioning, radio frequency identification, laser scanning, mass sensor nodes with computation and communication ability are arranged in a particular area to form an intelligent cooperation apperceptive network in parking lot. The information query and reservation of parking are transferred and issued through mature technology and mobile communication network with wide layout. Payment methods can be done by the existing pay bank interfaces and payment function of mobile phone. The system is convenient for drivers, prevents traffic congestion and improves traffic condition to a certain extent.%通过引入物联网的关键技术,如红外感应器、全球定位系统、射频识别技术、激光扫描器等,将大量的具有计算和通信能力的传感器节点布置在特定区域,从而形成一个能够对停车场智能协同感知的网络.车位信息的查询和预定可以利用技术成熟、布设广泛的移动通信网络进行传输和发布；付费方式既可以采用现有的银行支付接口也可以采用手机支付.在一定程度上方便了驾驶员,避免了交通拥挤和阻塞现象,改善交通状况.【总页数】3页(P41-42,46)【作者】袁静;陆超【作者单位】宿迁学院,江苏宿迁 223800;宿迁学院,江苏宿迁 223800【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN919-34;TP393.02【相关文献】1.基于物联网的停车诱导系统的研究 [J], 李伟;卢捷;张佳杰2.基于物联网技术的城市停车诱导系统研究 [J], 宋文海3.基于物联网技术的智能停车诱导系统探究 [J], 王雪;沈显庆;李海彬4.基于物联网的停车场内停车诱导系统 [J], 李博;何鹏举;颜靖艺;马庆雨;党治国5.基于物联网技术的停车诱导系统的架构分析 [J], 李艳萍;察晓龙;于东敏因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

基于物联网的停车泊位诱导系统的设计

基于物联网的停车泊位诱导系统的设计【摘要】针对当前汽车多，车位少的问题，提出了利用灰关联逼近算法下的停车诱导模型，设计基于物联网的智能停车诱导系统，为车主及时提供车位信息和停车诱导服务，显著提升了停车管理效率，大大缩短了车主的停车时间缓解停车压力。

【关键词】泊位诱导，停车场，物联网技术中图分类号：TP39 文献标识码： A 文章编号：2095-2457（2018）10-0011-003DOI：10.19694/ki.issn2095-2457.2018.10.004The design of parking berthing induction system based on Internet of things.ZHU Qi-yuan LIN Jun-jie CHEN Xin-yuan*（information engineering college，lingnan normal university，zhanjiang，guangdong 524048）【Abstract】in view of the current car，car less problem，by using grey relational approximation algorithm is proposed under the model of parking guidance design of intelligent parking guidance system based on Internet of things，parking and parking guidance information service for the owners in atimely manner，significantly improve the efficiency of parking management，greatly shorten the owner parking time to relieve stress.【Key words】Parking guidance；parking；Internet of things technology随着现代交通业的迅速发展，城市里的机动车的数量也在逐年递增，以笔者所在城市为例：2017年年末全市民用汽车保有量37.54万辆，比上年增长20.0%。

智能停车辅助系统的系统配置--外文资料翻译【范本模板】

毕业设计（论文)外文资料翻译院:专业：姓名:学号：外文出处:(用外文写)附件：1。

外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文智能停车辅助系统的系统配置智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供-种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合,提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统.它依靠高科技，以人为本,采用图形人机界面操作方式,提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间,促进了人文环境的健康发展.本文介绍了目前开发的投资促进机构配置（智能停车辅助系统)。

IPAS允许司机指定目标位置的三个免费方法：基于单眼视觉的停车位置标记识别，基于超声波传感器的停车位置识别,和拖放GUI（图形用户界面)。

IPAS生成最优路径马赫指定的目标位置。

在停车场的运作,并估计自我车辆姿势使用ESP（电子稳定程序）的传感器,如车轮需要银行脚踏开关和传感器,转向角传感器。

IPAS自动控制制动和转向通过发送所需的促动ESP和轨迹通过可以EPS（电动助力转向)。

IPAS通知当前驱动器通过对停车操作后视图的图像轨迹估计,这是通过实验验证了系统的车辆。

关键词智能停车辅助系统，驾驶员辅助系统介绍我们都由六部分组成：自我车辆姿态估计,路径生成器和流浪汉;跟踪，主动制动系统，主动转向系统，和HMI(人机界面）.IPAS既可进行半自动的停车辅助系统，其中的转向操作自动化。

而且自动泊车辅助系统，其中转向和制动操作自动化。

指定目标位置定位的自动/半自动停车操作的目标位置。

我们开发了三个互补的方法：基于单目视觉的停车插槽标记识别,基于超声传感器的平行泊车插槽识别，和拖放的GUI（图形用户界面)。

自我车辆姿态估计实现通过利用各种传感器，包括轮速传感器的车辆姿态估计的阿克曼模型，转向角度传感器，制动踏板开关,和车轮角度传感器。

基于物联网的停车场内停车诱导系统

电子设计工程Electronic Design Engineering第27卷Vol.27第9期No.92019年5月May.2019收稿日期：2018-08-20稿件编号：201808089基金项目：深圳市知识创新计划项目（JCYJ20170306154611415）；国家973课题（2012CB316203）；西安市科技计划项目（2017086CG/RC049）作者简介：李博（1994—），男，甘肃陇西人，硕士研究生。

研究方向：数据挖掘与存储。

随着经济的发展、城镇化的推进及人民生活质量的提升，我国汽车数量快速增加。

据统计，截至2018年第一季度，我国汽车保有量已达2.38亿，停车已成为城市交通体系整治中的一大难题[1-3]。

以西安为例，2018年5月机动车保有量已达300万辆，约80%的车集中在三环以内。

三环内目前共有各类停车场13000多家，停车位约计108万。

以此计算，西安市三环内机动车停车位配比不到0.5，车辆与车位间的供需矛盾十分突出。

“停车难”问题不仅会衍生出阻碍交通、城市环境污染加重、影响社会稳定等诸多其他问题，而且会给社会和个人带来额外的经济和时间成本[4-5]，据物联网公司inrix2017年的报告，寻找停车位给美国，英国和德国的司机带来了巨大的经济负担，估计这些国家每年的成本分别为727亿美元，233亿英镑和404亿欧元。

而以纽约、伦敦、法兰克福为例，这些地方的司机平均每年花费107小时（纽约），67小时（伦基于物联网的停车场内停车诱导系统李博1，3，何鹏举1，2，颜靖艺4，马庆雨3，党治国3（1.西北工业大学深圳研究院，广东深圳518057；2.西北工业大学自动化学院，陕西西安710072；3.西北工业大学计算机学院，陕西西安710129；4.西北工业大学管理学院，陕西西安710129）摘要：基于当前普遍存在的“停车难”及停车场资源无法充分利用的现状，本文基于实验室模型，提出了一种基于物联网的停车场内停车诱导系统的设计。

停车场的管理外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

密级
分类号
编号
成绩
本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题Management of parking lot
译文标题停车场的管理
作者所在系别机电工程学院
作者所在专业车辆工程
作者所在班级B13141
作者姓名邸宝龙
作者学号201322244
指导教师姓名孟立新
指导教师职称副教授
完成时间2017 年 3 月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

基于物联网技术的智能停车场系统

物联网技术 2023年 / 第8期1300 引言随着汽车数量增加，停车位需求量也随之增加，“停车难”成为智慧城市发展遇到的问题之一。

然而人工管理停车场的成本高、人力资源占用多、具体车位的停放状况难以被实时知晓，导致很难满足智能停车场检测的需要[1]。

为此，设计并实现一种可以提高停车场的进出效率，并且可以快速帮助车主找寻空闲车位的智能停车场具有重要意义[2]。

由于物联网技术的迅速发展，使得人们不再因为“停车难”而烦恼。

智能停车场系统将传感器技术、数据传输技术和信息处理等多种技术整合在一起，能够准确实时监控车速、车流量以及具体车位是否有车辆停放，使工作人员与驾驶者能够准确定位到空余车位，将车位信息“透明化”，也使停车场堵车的现象得到了极大改观。

智能停车场系统正在逐步的开发，其低功耗、低成本和使用维护简单方便等特性已经得到人们普遍的重视与使用。

本停车场系统基于物联网技术，以STM32F103C8T6为核心，配置多个地磁传感器和ESP8266 WiFi 模块，将传感器采集到的数据经单片机处理，再通过无线通信的方式发送给云平台。

该系统主要实现车辆进出停车场管理、停车场剩余车位数的计算、监控具体车位的停放状态等功能。

1 系统方案智能停车场系统主要利用微处理器接收地磁传感器模块所采集到的车位状态信息，利用无线网络将数据发送给云服务器，具体流程如图1所示。

该设计包含有嵌入式技术[3-4]、地磁检测技术、无线网络通信技术和云服务器技术，通过传感器模块采集数据信息，再通过数据处理模块交由嵌入式设备处理，嵌入式设备利用无线通信方式将其发送给云服务器。

图1 系统设计流程2 系统设计本系统设计可以分为两部分：其一，是在停车场出口位置的车向检测和车流量计算；其二，是在具体停车位上的车辆停放状态的检测。

通过地磁传感器模块采集数据，再通过传输协议将数据发送给STM32单片机接收处理。

对采集到的数据变化状况进行分析，判断车辆进出，并计算停车场剩余车位数，以及监测车位是否处于空余状态。

基于物联网的车位检测诱导系统

基于物联网的车位检测诱导系统作者：杨怀德来源：《智能计算机与应用》2017年第06期摘要：关键词：中图分类号：文献标志码： A文章编号： 2095-2163（2017）06-0139-03Abstract： In order to solve the parking problem caused by the sharp increasing of car ownership in cities， a design of parking space detection guidance system is introduced， which uses the wireless monitoring node of geomagnetic parking state to measure the status of parking space， and uses ZigBee to build a wireless network for information transmission， and so inducts parking for drivers. The experimental results show that the system can carry out parking guidance accurately，improve the parking efficiency and the utilization ratio of parking spaces.0引言随着城市机动车保有量的迅猛激增，交通拥堵、停车困难、乱停乱放、停车纠纷、车辆安全、环境污染等交通相关的问题日益严重，尤其停车难是其中突出问题，30%的城市拥堵都是因为人们四处寻找停车位而造成的。

而且，因为停车难，许多车辆胡乱停靠在马路两侧，进一步加剧了城市拥堵。

基于此，为了真正缓解乱停乱放所造成的道路拥堵问题，大型停车场得到广泛应用，然而由于传统的停车场管理方式存在车位信息不透明、车位利用率低等因素使得停车难的问题并未展现得以控制的可观态势。

智能停车场系统-毕业论文外文翻译

外文资料翻译Every day a signiﬁcant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical examp le of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congest ion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have signiﬁcant inﬂuence on a chosen parking search strategy. On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temp oral sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong inﬂuence on the driver's ﬁnal decision about the parking place[19].During the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsink i, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iab le message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of availab le parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the numb er of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distrib uted through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the beneﬁts of the park ing guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems[20].Guidance systems signiﬁcantly increase the probability of find ing vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amo unt of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energyconsumption, and air po llutio n. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (includ ing sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system. Parking guidance systems help drivers to ﬁnd vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their ﬁnal destination. Througho ut this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. The proposed methodology could be app lied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as fo llows: Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory contro l system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Sectio n 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ park ing system are given in Section 7, an d Sec-tion 8 presents the conclud ing remarks and further research orientations.1.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using d ifferent parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestio n can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover park ing facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, park ing meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportatio n activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solutio n approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. Forexamp le, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parkingdiscounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing sho uld be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of pub lic transportation. Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at pub lic and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates fewtimes. Authorities in Seattle signiﬁcantly reduced parking tariffs for c arpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown. Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have emp loyers paying for emp loyees' parking. Emp loyers who remove parking subsidies for the emplo yees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main ro le of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential park ing for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood fro m illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving comp lex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportatio n facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airport operators (more expensive land ing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking prob lems, this means: that diffe rent parkingtariffs sho uld exist for different users; that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.2.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with so me other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equip ment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: variab le demand over time; variable asset utilization; perishab le assets; limited resources; market segmentatio n; adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossib le; direct cost per client is negligib le part of the total cost of making service available; selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:Parking demand is variab le over time.Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by driversMarket segmentation means that different custo mers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat in a rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.Build ing new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very d ifficult.Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.3.Introducing parking revenue management systemA certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random mo ments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-ﬁrmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supp ly, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are availab le in lower tariff classes. For examp le, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes). All parking spaces are always availab le to class 1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic´et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisio ns on the ‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory contro l model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decisio n mak ing about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory contro l syste[21].智能停车场系统每天都会有一个显著的比例single-occupancy车辆驾驶者在寻找一个停车位。

智能停车场中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)智能停车场最近几年来汽车的动态平衡与静态管理已成为许多专家学者重点研究的新课题。

智能停车场系统为了保证车辆安全和交通方便，迫切需要采用自动化程度高、方便快捷的停车场自动管理系统，提高停车场管理水平。

现阶段的目标就是要提供满足人们工作、生活、娱乐环境更科学、规范、有效快捷、安全、方便的智能停车场自动管理系统。

停车场管理系统正在向大型化、复杂化、集成化和高科技化方向发展，智能停车场系统已经被纳入智能建筑的一个重要子系统，并且正与智能建筑的其它子系统进一步高度集成。

智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供—种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合，提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统。

它依靠高科技，以人为本，采用图形人机界面操作方式，提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间，促进了人文环境的健康发展。

1 目前国内外停车场主要有以下几种类型1．1 机械式停车场机械式停车场是国内停车场主要的一种，机械式停车场是指停车场完全由机械停车设备如曳引驱动机、导向轮、载车板、横移装置、控制柜、召唤操作盘、升降回转装置、搬运器等构成。

分为升降横移类、垂直循环类、水平循环类、多层循环类、平面移动类、垂直升降类、简单升降类等类型。

因其停车方式多样独特，具有很强的应用性。

它的主要优点有占地面积小，选型多样、可具体结合场地特点设计，也可与其他方式相结合来实施，自动化程度高，操作使用方便，管理和维护也较为容易，具有定量存车的特点。

1．2 平面停车场系统智能停车场系统平面停车场系统因其主要采取感应式IC卡读卡方式，所以也叫感应式停车场系统。

基于物联网的停车场诱导系统外文文献及翻译

Parking Guidance Control System Based on Internet of Things IntroductionRoad construction in the city is becoming better,the parking lots as the main transportin frastructure,the construction of the parking area can effectively alleviate the city traffic congestion,therefore,the state has increased the construction of parking,especially the construction of intelligent parking lots.Parking space detection system as an important part of intelligent parking yard construction,detection function of parking spaces is the basis of parking space detection system operation, and the parking information transmission is the key of improving the efficiency of parking detection system.Therefore,This paper puts forward the research on Parking space detection system based on Magneto-resistive sensor and ZigBee,in order to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces.It has important significance to the construction of intelligent parking lot.This paper on the parking spaces were identified and judged by parking space detection node with reluctance sensor as the main detection function.Building a very powerful ZigBee wireless sensor network,the parking information data is transferred from one node to another node,and by way of relay is transmitted to the coordinator. And by designing the host computer display platform,Parking lot management can real-time observe occupancy of parking spaces,the implementation of effective management and monitoring of moving vehicle.The main research contents in this paper are as follows:(1)Combined with the characteristic and working principle of the magneto-resistive sensor,based on detailed analysis between network architecture of ZigBee technology,the network device type and network topology structure,the whole structure design of parking detection system is proposed.(2)On the basis of analyzing hardware structure of parking space detection nodes,the coordinator and router,the main hardware circuit module is designed in detail,includes a sensor module,a microprocessor module,serial communication module,power management module,antenna and balun matching circuit,and to complete the PCB design of the hardware circuit node.(3)The design of I2C bus driver,extraction of magnetic signal sensor detection, the use of parking space detection algorithm to determine the current state of parking spaces;based on the analysis of ZigBee protocol stack,the software design of node;application of Visual Studio2010to design a upper computer software,to realize the parking information visualization.To help drivers to quickly find a spare parking,a parking guidance control system was proposed.The principle of ultrasonic ranging was used to detect the state of a parking space,and through the internet of things the parking detector transmits the real-time information to the controlcenter.The control center mainly is an industrial computer and is responsible for dealing with the real-time information and sending the control command by internet of things.The guidance signs at each crossroad receive the wireless commands and execute them,by which the guidance function is performed.The internet of things was realized by ZigBee star network,in which the control center is a coordinator and other parts are routers or terminal equipments.The simulation experiment results show that the parking guidance system works well,and has the value of application and promotion to some extent.With the social progress and the economic development in china,people’s living way is changing greatly and cars have become the necessary tools for more and more people,which results in cars increasing rapidly,especially in cities.This phenomenon usually causes parking overcrowded and even chaos that is great inconvenience to people's lives.So we need try to deal with the problem by high-tech means.With the development and application of the internet of things technology,it is gradually entering the field of smart parking system that functions more powerful and intelligent,and is providing a more comprehensive technology service for the car owners.So the intelligent parking meets the need of keeping abreast of the times and is the fruit of high-tech development.The intelligent parking system can not only reduce the phenomenon of parking difficultly and save the car owner’s parking time, but also can promote the standardization construction of transport facilities. Furthermore,it can be easily combined into a more powerful integrated system with other intelligent systems,which is suitable for a variety of comprehensive advantaged management.To establish a set of intelligent parking toll collection management and guidance system that makes parking service is safe,simple and accurate,and to control the constructing cost and operating cost to the appropriate extent is the current trend of a parking management.Improving the work efficiency and overcoming the shortcoming of the traditional manual management is the ideal model of the modern parking.System ComponentsThe system performs the function of parking guidance according to the real-time state information in the parking and the counter values of parking regions,which reduces the parking time and improves the parking efficiency.As Fig.1shown,the system consists of control center,ultrasonic parking detectors,parking guidance signs, display of parking information and counters for different parking areas.The ultrasonicparking detectors is the basic of the guidance system,which collect the real-time state information for the control center;the parking region counter is used to count the number within some parking region and the core device is infrared transmitter and receiver;the parking guidance sign is usually realized by led lights,which is responsible for guiding th direction;the display screen is used to display the real-time parking information and notice;the control center may be realized by a industrial computer and is responsible for the overall management.Internet of ThingsIn order to achieve the communication between the various parts of theguidance system in a wide range of space,the internet of things is taken which is realized by ZigBee technology that is a low-power personal area network based on IEEE802.15.4 standard protocol.According to the protocol,ZigBee is a short-range,low-power wireless communication technology,which is characterized by a short distance,low complexity,selforganizing,low-power,low-data-rate,and low-cost.So it is suitable for the field of automatic control and remote control that can be embedded in a variety of devices.The ZigBee is realized by ZigBee module designed with TI's ZigBee chip —CC2530[6]as core.The CC2530System-on-Chip solution for2.4GHz is suitable for a wide range of applications and provides an IEEE802.15.4compliant radio transceiver.Furthermore,it provides an interface between the MCU and the radiowhich makes it possible to issue commands,read status,which makes it having excellent receiver sensitivity and robust 2530with enhanced 8051MCU kernel has rich peripheral,such as UART,12-bit ADC and21universal GPIO.And it can also be equipped with TI's standard and compatible or proprietary network protocol stack.The central server is as a network coordinator,the other parts as the terminal nodes.In the ZigBee network,star network is used,where industrial as the coordinator and other parts as router or terminal equipments.Parking Space DetectorTo complete the parking guidance the parking space detection is the basis of the parking guidance system,and the real-time state of the parking must be collected.As shown in Fig.3,the parking state detector comprises ultrasound ranging module,ZigBee data processors,the transmitting and receiving antenna and power. The device of transmitting and receiving is designed in the ultrasound ranging module. During the distance measuring,the transmitting part is triggered by the output signal of CC2530,and the time counter is cleared.Then the external interrupt events of CC2530is triggered by the ultrasonic echo signal,in which ultrasound reciprocal distance is calculated by calculating the ultrasonic round-trip time counter.When a car is parked,the distance gotten by ultrasound detector is significantly shorter than when there is no car parked.So according to this we can judge if there is a car in a parking place.ZigBee data processor converts the state information intomodulated signal by the internal transmitter and then the information is transmitted by the antenna.Through the wireless receiving device,the control center receives the real-time detection result of the parking state and programs the navigation.To complete the parking guidance successfully,only the parkingspace detection as parking sensor is not enough:when a car is driving to a parking place,the parking place will be unavailable for the other cars,though the parking place is not taken now. The working principle is as follows.The device is installed on the entrance and exit of a parking area.If a car is running into the entrance of the parking area,the receiver can’t receive the infrared because of blocking of the car and it triggers the counter to make the counter increased by one.On the contrary,if the car is leaving out of the exit of the parking area,the counter decreases by one.So we can know clearly how many cars exist in the parking area.By collecting the real-time information of the counters in different parking areas,and by combining with the state information of each parking space,the right guidance can be performed by the control center. Simulation ExperimentIn order to verify the scheme,a parking experimental model system was developed in the laboratory,where cars were replaced by electric remote control cars, and a personal computer was used as the control center.In addition,twenty four parking places were designed,and we got the areas In theexperiment,the situation that single car is on the road and the situation that multiple cars are on the road are separately tested.However,the phenomenon of competition for parking space and the phenomenon of error guidance didn’t appear and the simulation experiment result was good.ConclusionIn view of the problems of low automation level of manual service in parking lot, difficulty in finding an empty parking space and low parking efficiency of drivers,we proposed a parking guidance system.The guidance system is based on the internet of things that is realized by ZigBee communication.In addition,in the guidance system the central server was used as the central node.Manufacturing and Engineering Developments of a star network,and parking space detectors,parking guidance signs in crossings and parking area counters were used as terminal nodes.The simulation experiment shows that the guidance system can work well and steadily,and so has the value of application and promotion.基于物联网的停车引导控制系统引言城市的道路建设日趋完善，停车场作为主要的交通基础设施，停车场的建设可有效的缓解城市交通拥堵压力，因此，国家加大了对停车场的建设，尤其是智能化停车场的建设。

《基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统的设计》范文

《基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统的设计》篇一一、引言随着城市化进程的加速，停车难问题日益突出，传统的停车场管理方式已经无法满足现代城市的需求。

物联网技术的快速发展为智能停车场管理系统的设计提供了新的解决方案。

本文将介绍一种基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统的设计，以提高停车场的运营效率和管理水平。

二、系统概述基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统是一种集成了物联网技术、传感器技术、云计算等技术的新型管理系统。

该系统通过传感器实时监测停车场内车辆的进出、停车、计费等信息，并通过物联网技术将这些信息传输到云计算平台进行处理和分析。

同时，该系统还可以通过移动端APP或自助终端等设备，为车主提供便捷的停车服务。

三、系统设计1.硬件设计(1)车辆识别系统：采用高精度车牌识别技术，对进出停车场的车辆进行自动识别和记录。

(2)传感器网络：在停车场内布置各种传感器，如车位传感器、视频监控传感器等，实时监测停车场内的车辆状态和车位情况。

(3)通信设备：采用无线通信技术，将传感器采集的数据传输到云计算平台进行处理和分析。

(4)自助终端：提供自助缴费、查询等功能，方便车主使用。

2.软件设计(1)云计算平台：负责接收传感器传输的数据，进行数据处理和分析，为车主提供实时的停车服务。

(2)移动端APP：车主可以通过手机APP查询停车位、缴费、预约车位等信息。

(3)管理系统：对停车场内的车辆、车位、计费等信息进行管理，提供报表生成、数据分析等功能。

四、系统功能1.自动识别：通过车牌识别技术，自动识别进出停车场的车辆，实现自动化管理。

2.实时监测：通过传感器实时监测停车场内的车辆状态和车位情况，为车主提供实时的停车位信息。

3.便捷支付：车主可以通过移动端APP或自助终端进行缴费，实现快速离场。

4.预约车位：车主可以通过移动端APP提前预约车位，提高停车效率。

5.数据分析：对停车场内的车辆、车位、计费等信息进行数据分析，为管理者提供决策支持。

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver's request for parking. In the ﬁrst step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, speciﬁc rules are deﬁned. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules arederived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic 1.IntroductionEvery day a signiﬁcant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have signiﬁcant inﬂuence on a chosen parking search strategy. During the last four decades numerous parking search models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen, 1990; Young et al., 1991a,b; saltzman, 1997; Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et al., 2001). In many decision-making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport, etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong inﬂuence on the driver's ﬁnal decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) havestarted to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the beneﬁts of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems signiﬁcantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to ﬁnd vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their ﬁnal destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to ﬁnd a vacant parking space even before beginning their trip. The proposed ‘‘intelligent’’parking space inventory control system that is based on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes ‘‘real-time’’ decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposedmethodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations.2.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternativesof public transportation . Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking duration time. The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle signiﬁcantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown . Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number of vehicle trips during certain time periods, shifting commuters to alternative transportation modes, and to different parking locations. At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airportoperators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: (a) that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; (b) that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.3.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). Revenue management could be described as a group of different scientiﬁc techniques of managing the company revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right time. The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: (a) variable demand over time; (b) variable asset utilization; (c) perishable assets; (d) limited resources; (e) market segmentation; (f) adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossible; (g) direct cost per client is negligible part of the total cost of making service available; (h) selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:· Parking demand is variable over time.· Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).·Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by drivers· Market segmentation means that different customers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat ina rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.· Building new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very difficult.· Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.Introducing and developing parking reservation system (created in an Internet and cell phone environ-ment) would present further improvement in modern parking technologies. Drivers would be advised and guided before beginning of the trip, as well as during the trip. Parking reservation system should be coupled with the parking revenue management system. In this way, parking operators and traffic authorities would be able to implement different parking strategies. Once the driver is allowed to park, it is possible to implement internal garage guidance system that guides the driver to an empty parking place.4.Introducing parking revenue management systemLet us assume that we have parking reservation system. Drivers make their requests for parking at random moments of time (by phone from home, by cell phone while driving, through the Internet, etc.).A certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random moments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-ﬁrmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supply, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.Reservation system should be ﬂexible enough allowing some drivers to appear right before wished beginning of parking, looking for an emptyspace in a garage, even though they do not have a conﬁrmed reservation. Would it be good to have few different parking tariffs? The answer is obviously ‘‘Yes’’. Drivers paying lower parking tariffs could be disabled and senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, or HOV drivers. Drivers paying higher tariffs could be solo drivers, long term parking drivers, or drivers showing up and asking for parking without making reservation in advance. Obviously, there is a lot of possible parking pricing strategies.The stochastic nature of reservation generation and cancellation, the stochastic nature of driver show-up during reserved time slot, variety of parking tariffs, and the need to respond to drivers' requests in real time, indicate that the management of parking garage revenues represents a complex problem.In the past 30 years a relatively large number of papers have been devoted to different aspects of the air-line seat inventory control problem (Littlewood, 1972; Belobaba, 1987; Brumelle and McGill, 1993; Teodorovic et al., 2002). The model proposed in this paper is highly inspired by the developed airline yield management stochastic and/or deterministic models.Let us assume that we have few different parking tariffs. The simplest reservation system (similar to some airline reservation systems in the past) could be ‘‘distinct tariff class parking space inventories’’ (Fig. 1(a)),indicating separate parking spaces in the garage for each tariff class. In this case, once the parking space is assigned to a tariff class, it may be booked only in that tariff class or else remains unsold. There are certain advantages, as well as certain disadvantages in the case of distinct parking space inventories. In this case users paying lower tariffs would be relatively well ‘‘protected’’. In other words, this system would pay a lot of attention to the disabled person, senior citizens,people who reserve parking space few days in advance, and HOV drivers. Obvious disadvantage of the distinct parking space inventories is the fact that very often some parking spaces assigned to lower tariff users would be empty even the higher tariff users demand is very high. In other words, it would be possible to reject some drivers even all parking spaces in garage are not occupied.In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system ’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff classes. For example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes (Fig. 1(b)). As we can see from Fig. 1(b), all parking spaces are always available to class1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic ´ et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisions on theBL1BL2BLmCBL1=CBL2BLm (a)(b)Fig.1‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory control model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decision making about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system.译文：智能停车场系统摘要：本文讨论停车预订系统和停车收入管理系统的基本概念.拟议的智能停车空间的库存控制系统，基于模糊逻辑和整数规划技术相结合，使“上线”决定是否接受或拒绝新的驱动程序的停车要求。

英语作文-停车服务行业的智能停车系统与设备应用

英语作文-停车服务行业的智能停车系统与设备应用In the bustling cities of today, the quest for parking spaces has become akin to searching for a needle in a haystack. The advent of smart parking systems and devices in the parking service industry has emerged as a beacon of hope, promising to alleviate the perennial parking conundrum. These intelligent solutions are not just a convenience but a necessity in the modern urban landscape, where every inch of space is precious.Smart parking systems employ a variety of technologies such as sensors, cameras, and real-time data analytics to optimize the use of available parking spaces. These systems guide drivers to the nearest available spot, reducing the time spent circling the block in frustration. The integration of IoT devices allows for seamless communication between the parking infrastructure and drivers' smartphones, providing updates on space availability and enabling remote payment options.The backbone of any smart parking solution is its sensor technology. Sensors embedded in the ground or installed in overhead lights detect the presence of a vehicle in a parking spot. This information is relayed to a central management system that processes the data and updates the parking status on digital signage and mobile applications. Drivers can quickly glance at their phones or the signs to identify open parking spaces, saving time and reducing traffic congestion.Another critical component is the license plate recognition (LPR) technology. Cameras equipped with LPR software scan and record the license plates of parked vehicles. This serves multiple purposes: it ensures that only authorized vehicles occupy reserved spots, aids in the enforcement of parking time limits, and even helps in locating stolen vehicles.Payment convenience is another hallmark of smart parking systems. Gone are the days of fumbling for coins or waiting in line at a payment kiosk. Today's systems offer contactless payment options through mobile apps or integrated in-vehicle systems. Userscan pay for their parking spot with a simple tap on their phone, or even set up automatic payments for a truly hands-off experience.The environmental impact of smart parking solutions is significant. By reducing the time vehicles spend idling in search of parking, these systems help cut down on carbon emissions. Furthermore, the data collected can be used to plan better urban infrastructure, leading to more efficient use of space and resources.In conclusion, the application of smart parking systems and devices is transforming the parking service industry. It's a leap towards a future where parking is no longer a source of stress but a smooth, unnoticeable part of the driving experience. As cities continue to grow and evolve, the importance of integrating intelligent technology into our urban environments becomes ever more apparent. Smart parking is not just a trend; it's the road ahead, leading us to smarter, more livable cities. 。

基于物联网的停车诱导系统的探究

基于物联网的停车诱导系统的探究摘要：现在“停车难”已经成为我国城市交通的一大难题，智能停车诱导系统可以有效地缓解停车难的问题，而随着物联网技术的发展，停车诱导系统也伴随着物联网在向“新一代智能交通”发展。

本文对基于物联网的停车诱导系统进行了探究。

关键词：物联网；停车诱导；数据采集；信息传输；车位信息发布引言停车诱导系统（PaekingGuidanceSystem，简称PGS）是智能交通系统的重要组成部分，是应用车辆自主定位技术、地理信息系统与数据库技术、计算机技术、多媒体技术和现代通信技术的综合系统。

停车诱导系统由数据采集与处理模块、信息传输模块、用户信息交互模块和数据处理中心模块组成。

它通过信息诱导为司机提供实时、准确的停车泊位信息，避免了司机盲目寻找停车泊位、减少道路占用、降低车辆尾气排放和噪声，而且能显著提高原有停车设施的利用率，取得良好的社会效益和经济效益。

一、城市停车诱导系统的目的随着我国城市经济的不断快速发展，城市道路交通的运行压力也在不断增大，因此城市中出现的道路拥堵现象不断加剧，而通过应用城市停车诱导系统能够有效缓解城市停车难问题，并在一定程度上提升城市道路服务水平。

应用停车诱导系统的重要目标可以概括为以下几个方面：（1）提高驾驶员停车效率。

首先是通过应用停车诱导管理系统提升驾驶员在停车过程中的便捷性，节约停车时间。

通过应用该系统将停车场中的相关信息资源，通过无线传输通讯设备等传递给驾驶员，因此能够更好地引导驾驶员顺利地抵达目的地，并在最短的时间内找到空余停车位，提高停车管理的效率，能够减少驾驶在寻找停车们过程中的绕行，缓解城市交通压力。

（2）促进交通顺畅、确保交通安全。

通过应用该停车管理系统能够有效提升道路交通的顺畅程度，确保交通的安全性。

通过应用该管理系统能有效提高城市停车场的利用效率，因此能有效减少在停车等待中浪费的时间，避免迂回行驶，同时也能降低路边违停数量，进而有效减少道路交通障碍，最终实现畅通的交通流，确保交通安全的目的。

基于物联网的园区停车管理系统的设计与实现

基于物联网的园区停车管理系统的设计与实现摘要：物联网技术的应用使停车系统得以更高效、更智能，并且更加便捷地管理停车场的车辆进出。

本文基于物联网技术，设计与实现了一个园区停车管理系统，该系统包括 RFID 识别技术、传感器技术、无线通信以及云计算技术等。

系统通过 RFID 技术识别车辆进出，传感器技术监测车位状态，并将数据上传到云端，实现停车场的实时监控和管理。

本文通过实验验证了该系统的可行性和效果。

关键词：物联网；园区停车；RFID识别技术；无线通信；云计算技术Abstract：The application of Internet of Things technology has made the parking system more efficient, intelligent, and more convenient to manage the entry and exit of vehicles in the parking lot. Based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper designs and implements a park parking management system, which includes RFID identification technology, sensor technology, wireless communication, and cloud computing technology. The system recognizes the entry and exit of vehicles through RFID technology, monitors parking spacestatus through sensor technology, and uploads data to thecloud to achieve real-time monitoring and management of the parking lot. This paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the system through experiments.Keywords: Internet of Things; Park Parking; RFID Identification Technology; Wireless Communication; CloudComputing Technology1. 引言随着物联网技术的不断发展，越来越多的传统行业也开始运用到该项技术，包括停车系统。

基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统的设计与实现

毕业设计中文题目基于物联网的智能停车场管理系统的设计与实现英文题目Design and Implementation ofIntelligent Parking Lot Based onthe Internet of Things系别：计算机与信息工程学院年级专业：空间信息与数字技术姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：副教授诚信声明书毕业设计（论文）诚信声明书本人郑重声明：在毕业设计（论文）工作中严格遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范；我所提交的毕业设计（论文）是本人在指导教师的指导下独立研究、撰写的成果，设计（论文）中所引用他人的文字、研究成果，均已在设计（论文）中加以说明；在本人的毕业设计（论文）中未剽窃、抄袭他人的学术观点、思想和成果，未篡改实验数据。

本设计（论文）和资料若有不实之处，本人愿承担一切相关责任。

学生签名：年月日摘要物联网是最近兴起的新一代信息技术，其核心技术仍然是互联网，主要有三方面技术：传感器技术、RFID标签、篏入式系统技术。

通过智能感知与普适计算，物联网技术广泛应用于网络信息交流之中，也是继计算机、互联网后的世界信息技术的第三次革命。

本文是在物联网热潮下，开发的一个智能停车场管理系统。

为了提高停车场的管理效率、减少车辆管理费用、减少管理人员的工作度，本文设计并实现了智能停车场管理系统。

该系统是一款对停车场的车辆的进出、停放进行管理的小型应用软件。

它是基于Java平台，采用JSP技术开发的、选择B/S架构的停车管理系统。

该系统的后台数据库用微软公司的SQL Server，用JDBC技术来进行数据库访问。

这里主要有5个模块：用户管理、车位管理、固定（长期）车辆管理、临时（短期）车辆管理、停车场管理等。

通过管理员界面，对一系列因素进行管理。

关键词：停车场；数据库设计；固定车辆；临时车辆ABSTRACTThe Internet of Things is the recent rise of a new generation of information technology,.There are three core technologies: Sensor technology, RFID label, Embedded system. Through the Intellisense and Pervasive computing, the technology of the Internet of Things are widely used in net world information exchanges. It is also named the third world message revolution after computer and Internet. This article developes a intelligent parking management system under the wave of The Internet of Things.In order to improve management efficiency parking, reduce vehicle management costs, reduce workload of the managers, an intelligent parking management system is designed and implemented in this article. The parking system is a small application software for vehicle inside ,outside and parking in the parking lot. This software is developed based on the Java platform, using JSP technology to develop, selecting B/S architecture. The back-end database system uses Microsoft SQL Server, and uses JDBC for database access technology. Here mainly present five modules: user management, parking management, fixed (long-term) vehicle management, temporary (short-term) vehicle management, parking management. By Administrator interface, the factors can be managed.Key Words:Parking management; Database design; Fixed vehicle; Temporary vehicle目录第1章引言 (1)1.1 研究现状 (1)1.2 国内外现状分析 (1)1.3 可行性分析 (2)1.4 车辆现状描述 (2)1.5 技术路线 (2)1.6 系统实施方案 (3)1.7 开发技术 (3)1.7.1 B/S体系架构 (3)1.7.2 SQL Server (3)1.7.3 HTML (4)1.7.4 物联网 (4)1.8 系统操作流程 (5)第2章系统设计 (6)2.1 数据模型设计 (6)2.2 总体设计 (6)2.2.1 设计内容 (7)2.2.2 设计结果 (7)2.2.3 主要架构 (8)2.2.4 后期可完善架构 (8)2.3 数据库设计 (8)2.4 界面设计 (10)2.4.1 系统登录界面 (10)2.4.2 系统后台主页 (11)2.4.3 固定车辆管理 (11)2.4.4 临时车位添加 (12)2.4.5 临时车位管理 (12)2.4.6 页面设计代码举例 (13)第3章系统实现 (14)3.1 测试目的和环境要求 (14)3.2 功能块测试 (14)3.2.1 数据库连接测试 (14)3.2.2 登录测试 (15)3.2.3 车位添加测试 (16)3.2.4 固定车辆测试 (16)3.2.5 临时车辆测试 (17)3.2.6 密码管理测试 (18)3.3 系统测试用例及效果图 (19)3.3.1 登录测试用例及效果图 (19)3.3.2 临时车位添加测试用例及效果图 (20)3.3.3 固定车辆管理测试用例及效果图 (21)3.3.4 临时车辆管理测试用例及效果图 (22)第4章结论与展望 (20)4.1 结论 (20)4.2 进一步工作的方向 (20)参考文献 (21)致谢 (22)第1章引言1.1研究现状随着世界科技的不断提高，车辆已然成为最重要的交通工具，与此同时就产生了车辆管理和车辆进出管理的问题，城市公共停车位缺口大，停车位不足[1]。

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