大学英美概况课件Lecture 3
英美概况美国部分
Lecture one: Geography and PeopleLocation :Situated in the central part of North America with Canada on the north ,Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ,the United States is on the east coast of Pacific and west coast of Atlantic.Territorial area:9.5million square kilometers50states and seat of government is Washington D.CLargest state---AlaskaLargest on the continent---TexasSmallest-----Rhode Island(罗德岛州)Newest---HawaiiThree geographical divisions（三大地形区）:Western ,central and eastern part .Land forms and region:Eastern part:Highlands formed by Appalachian rangeWestern part:High plateaus and mountains(Rockies are called as the back bone of the continent). Great central plain:A large plain between the eastern Appalachian and western RockiesMain geographical regions:New England(6,northeast, longest history featured with mountains ,valleys and rivers ,and cities and towns with historic sites ,top-ranking universities )The Mid-Atlantic StatesThe West (11,a wealth of forests and stream notable cities, high-tech industry predominant agricultural yielding,14% of GDP )The Mid-WestThe South(13,plenty of rainfall and mild climate are favorable for agriculture, fast growing industry and population recent years, great size with few large citiesThe SouthwestHawaii:Tourism is the largest source of incomeTropical climateRivers and Lakes:Mississippi River---largess and most important river in the system of GulfKnown as the river to American Indians.Hudson River:Flow through New York.The Great Lakes:Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron and Lake Erie.The most important system of inland waterways in the world.Lake Michigan is wholly within the United StatesPart of the boundary runs through these lakesNiagara Fall is located on the U.S-Canada border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Climate:Mainly temperate and some mild subtropical areas with only southern Florida and Hawaii being tropical.Natural resources:Abounds in mineral resourcesPopulation:The third most populous country in the worldUneven distribution :most densely populatedNation of Immigrants :White Anglo-Saxon protestantThe Black :The Civil Rights Movements:The Civil Rights Movements began when the black people spontaneously oppose the Segregation Law and establish organizations to make the protest successful.Martin Luther King:The political and religious leaders of non-violent civil rights movementNobel peace prize.Hispanics:Spanish-speaking AmericansMexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban-Americans(best economic achievements )MiamiAsian Immigrants :The Chinese were the first Asians to come to the U.S, ”model minority”.Racial Assimilation:America is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a ”Melting Pot”and a Multi-Cultural SocietySpeak the same languageHave the same habits and manner.Lecture2:government and political systemAmerican constitution :Set down the basic framework of American government.Basic concept :Separation of power ,check and balances.Functions :Founding the American rule of law.Creating the federal system with a supreme national government.Having great flexibilityBuilding up the Republican form of government(共和制政体).Defining and limiting the power of the national government.Defining the relationship between national government and individual(个别)state governments.Guaranteeing the rights of the citizens of America.Supreme law, authority derived from people.Significance :Taking precedence over （为…开创先例）all state constitutions and law.First of its kind in the world, it has inspired dozens of other countries to seek for political reform.Federal system and government:The definition of Federalism(联邦制):The states are united into a federation.Federal government has the delegated power（委托权）.Both federal government and state government are Supreme power in their spheres of authority.Significance of federalism :Unify the states in their pursuit of common goals without completely deprive them of their independence.Federal government:Established by a federalism, there is a federal republic of 50 U.S states, District ofColombia and many other insular(岛屿的) areas.Branches of the government :Legislative ,executive and judicial branch.Separate but equally important ,checked and balanced by each other.The legislative branch :Congress :Briefing :Conference venue（会议场所）：The capitol(国会大厦)with Senate in the north wing and the house of representatives in the south wing.Law making and supreme legislative body.Monitor /supervise and influence aspects of the executive branch(congress’s responsibility :ensure ,comply with the law)Two chambers ----Senate（参议院）and the House of representatives（众议院）. Senate:Two members from each state as required by the Constitution with current membership 100.More important, consent to president’s proposal.The house of representatives:Each congressional district elect a representative.Each state is represented on the basis of population.More partisan that the Senate.The function:Pass the laws for the Union.The revenue bills must be originated in the house of representatives.The executive branch: comprises 14 branches and other independent agencies.Cabinet :formed by department’s heads ----secretaries.President:the chief of executive branch of the federal government. state and commander-in-chief of the military.Presidential residence: White House ,presidential term ：Serve one or two successive terms.Responsibility: taking care of the laws be faithfully executed.Executive Departments :Functions:The day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws.Head of the departments are chosen by president and approved by the Senate .Cabinet :A part of the executive branches of the U.S government and consists of the heads of the executive departments.Secretary of the state:Head of the Department of State, foreign affairs.Judicial branch:Definition:consist of a series of courts:supreme court (highest),court of appeal and district court.What it applies to ?In most criminal cases and some civil cases.Function:Finders of factDecide on whether the defendant committed the crime.Unanimous decision.Political partiesDemocratic party and Republican partyDonkey and ElephantThe Democratic Party(donkey):Liberal.Anti –federalists southwest cotton plantation ownersEmphasizing the governmental interference in economy.The Republican Party(GOP, elephant):Conservative (more assertive in international affairs)Difference and similarity:With regard to economy, the Democrats favor the governmental intervention while the Republicans stress the role of the market.On social issues, the Democrats support a strong social security system while the Republican oppose a large social security programs.Presidential election:Only the candidates nominated by the two Parties have the chance to win a Presidential election.Presidential election has 4 stages：The first stage: choosing the candidatesThe second stage: the campaigning stageThe third stage: votingThe forth stage: meeting the states capitalsLecture3:EconomyThe U.S economy is the current economic, industrial and technological giant.The largest developed country and the only superpower in the worldMixed economy:Emphasizing the private ownership(私有制).Federal government will regulate businesses.Private business produce the most goods and services.Economy system :free enterprise system.Type of business: Proprietorship(独资), cooperation and partnerships.History of American economy:The colonial period:Colonies are settled to escape religious persecutions and business ventures.After the settlement of the new England in1620,The English investors turn over colonial charter to the settlersSubsequently, the settlers established secondary industries formed a clear regional patterns of development.Since the America gained its independence:(词汇自己衔接)The constitution establish the nation as a unified market.Alexander Hamilton’s economic development strategyThe Industrial Revolution ：the boom of the cotton cloth production and textile industry(棉布生产和纺织业的繁荣)During that period of time, the south were dependant on the north for capital and manufactured goods.The Second Industrial Revolution gave birth to an explosion of new discoveries and inventions.In the 20 century :The U.S experienced a period of prosperity in the early of 20 century.Underwent Great Depression in the 1930s.President Roosevelt’s New Deal （massive intervention of the government ）saved itseconomy.略看：历届总统经济政策：Regan administration---new monetarist policiesGeorge Bush H.W----slow recession.Clinton----RecoveryAppearance of the new tycoonCurrent American economy:Agriculture：favorable natural condition.Successful agriculture mode （investment, labor method）and modern technology of farming .Remain to be the foundation of the economyManufacturing industry : America formed an industrial system with large productivity(northeastern is the lead region)Service industry:Financial services :banking, real estates and law servicesPublic welfare services:sheltering and retail servicesTop high-tech industryAdvanced space technology, information technology and computing.Lecture 4: Thirteen Colonies and the Independence War Pilgrim fathers:Columbus discovered the new world in1492.The discovery of new world epoch-making: people come to realise the world is round.Pilgrim Father(English separatists and other colonists) landed on north America on Dec 21th,1620 to escape religious persecutions. Forefather’s day Dec 21th(Mayflower).Thanksgiving day:For celebrating their first harvest of the forefathers.Fourth Thursday of November.Thirteen colonies:Those colonies were separately charted and governed by the Great Britain and finally became independent by signing the Declaration of Independence, which led the American Revolutionary War and the establishment of the U.SThe first colony was Virginia.The independence war:A series of armed conflict between the Great Britain and its 13 colonist for the colonists trying to gain their Independence and the uncontrollable contradictions. The shot of Lexington marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary WarThe Second Continental Congress:Held in Philadelphia ,May 10th , 1775Assume the functions of a national governmentFounding continental Army and NavyAppointed George Washington as the commander-in-chief of America forces. Printing paper money and open diplomatic relations.On fourth of the January,1776 approved the Declaration of IndependentThe Declaration :Consisting two parts：1.Justifing the rights for people to rebel against a government that denied theirnatural rights2.Indicting the King George for his cruel tyranny.Significance :Upholding the principle of equality and freedom of all manThe principle that people have the right to revolt.Independent DayJuly 4thThe course of the independence war:It dragged on for seven yearsThe victory of Saratoga became the turning point of the war.With the Assistance of French, Spain and Holland the war quickly ended.The Treaty of Paris put an end to the war and bring about the Independence of the 13states.Lecture 5:The American Constitution and Civil War.The American Constitution:The Constitutional Convention(制宪会议)Washington(elected as chairman), James Madison and other predominant figures discussed issues on federalism James Madison became “the father of the constitution”.Content :Representation : equal number of Senators, representatives based on population Structure of the government：a strong central government divided into 3 branches. Establishing federalism. (constitution day Sep17,1787)Causing disagreement between the federalist and the anti-federalist.Ten amendments were add to the constitution, known as “The Bill of Rights”.First general election: First President Washington.Significance of the US Constitution:Designed to unite all the people and prevent abuse of power by government officials Dividing the federal government into 3 separate but interdependent part: legislature, judiciary and executive.Becoming the first written constitution in modern sense upholding the principle that government should serve the people.Guaranteeing the unalienable human rights with the adoption of the Bill of Rights ,people’s supremacyupholding equality and political liberalism .The Era of Expansion:Louisiana Purchase became the first major event in American expansion.The Monroe doctrine: show “America for Americans “in foreign policy.Initiating Mexican American War annexed the entire southeast and CaliforniaThe civil war :The American civil war was fought in the united states between the Union and the Confederate States of the America from 1861 until 1865.The only war fight on America soil by Americans.Causes:Economic reason: contradictions between the two different existing economic systemsPolitical reason: the independence of the states.Immediate cause :The dispute over Negro slavery finally led to the session of the southern sates Abraham Lincoln:On Feb 4,1861,Abraham Lincoln took the office and insisted that slavery was evil and should be ultimately abolished.1862,he announced the Emancipation Proclamation, providing all slaves in the rebellion states freedom and setting the stage for the ultimate abolition to slavery. Gettysburg---turning point of the war.Lincoln deliver the famous Gettysburg Address, proposing the 3 principles of an ideal: government of the people, by the people and for the people.Assassinate , Lincoln memorialAftermath(result) :Victorious Union government sought to end the slavery and guarantee a permanently unbreakable union.The Confederate surrendered, the U.S stayed as a whole countrySlavery was totally abolished through the 13 and 14 amendment to the constitution, which swept the obstacles to the development of the U.S capital production.。
2024版年度《英美概况教案》PPT课件
美国文化与社会
第一季度
第二季度
第三季度
第四季度
多元文化
美国是一个由多民族组 成的国家，拥有丰富多 彩的文化传统。不同民 族和种族的文化在这里 交融，形成了独特的美 国文化。
社会制度
节日与庆典
美国的社会制度以自由、 平等和民主为核心价值。 其教育、医疗、社会保 障等制度相对完善，为 居民提供了较好的生活
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交际策略运用指导
礼貌用语
教授学生使用得体的礼 貌用语，以建立良好的
人际关系。
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非语言交际
了解并运用肢体语言、 面部表情、眼神交流等 非语言交际方式，增强
交际效果。
交际技巧
学习并掌握倾听、表达、 提问、回应等交际技巧，
提高沟通效率。
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解决交际障碍
教授学生如何应对语言 障碍、文化冲突等交际 问题，以化解误会和矛
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网络资源，如官方网站、学术论坛等， 提供更多关于英美的信息和讨论平台
旅游指南和游记分享，激发学生对英 美的兴趣和好奇心，促进跨文化理解。
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THANKS
感谢观看
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英国课程设置
注重传统学科的教学，如文学、历史、哲学等，同时增加职业 教育和技能培训课程。教学方法以学生为中心，注重启发式教 学和讨论式教学。
2024/2/2
美国课程设置
更加灵活多样，包括社会科学、自然科学、艺术等多个领域。 教学方法强调实践性和创新性，注重培养学生的团队协作和问 题解决能力。
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教育改革与发展趋势分析
条件。
美国有许多重要的节日 和庆典活动，如独立日、 感恩节、圣诞节等。这 些节日和庆典不仅丰富 了美国人的文化生活， 也吸引了众多游客前来
英美概况第三章 Chapter 3 ppt
举下议院,举行大选
2. New words
ecclesiastical: adj. of or relating to a
church, especially as an organized
institution. 基督教的;(与)教会(有关)的
suffrage: n. The right or privilege of
3. Brief Introduction
3.1 The House of Lords Key points The House of Lords debates legislation, and has some power to amend or reject bills The house of Lords is the highest court in the United Kingdom hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. The procedures of the Lords are more informal than those of the Commons, and their role in saving the Commons a great amount of time is widely recognized.
3. Brief Introduction
2.1 The Origin of the Monarchy
Key points Restored in 1660; Charles I’s son enthroned Formally established through Glorious Revolution in 1688; limited constitutional monarchy
英美概况 英国部分 第三章ppt
A 1 Husbands & Wives
Redefinition and adjustment of needs and values The effects of newlyemerging work patterns
A 1 Husband and Wives
Decision Making
英美概况ppt英美国家概况ppt英国概况ppt英美文学选读ppt英美饮食文化ppt英美文化ppt英美文学ppt英国ppt英国介绍ppt英国文学简史ppt
Chapter 3 Family & Relationship (2)
Families
All happy families are alike, but every unhappy one is unhappy in its own way. Leo Tolstoy (18281910), Anna Karenina, I, (1876)
Focal questions
How do you think the roles of men and women have changed in Britain over the post-war period? How can you explain these changes? What is the allocation of decision-making in modern British families? Why? What do you think has caused the ―generation gap‖? Is there any remedy for this? What is the living situation of old people in Britain? Do you think, generally speaking, they are living happy lives?
英美概况课件unit3
5. Who is William the Conqueror?
Unit 3: People of Britain
Mixed people Why British people are called mixed people? ----products of invasion and immigration from different ethnic groups in the course of history ----ethnic origin have been complicated by intermarriage and relocation
The British Identity?
Jews
Later arrivals
Gypsies
Later Arrivals
16th and 17th centuries, large numbers of refugees from Europe, add to the agricultural population After 1700, there was no more large immigration into Britain
2. The Celts
3. Roman Britain (55 BC---410 AD)
《英美概况教案》PPT课件
《英美概况教案》PPT课件目录•英美国家概述•英国概况•美国概况•英美教育体制比较•英美旅游资源推荐•总结回顾与拓展延伸PART01英美国家概述地理位置与自然环境地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围；美国位于北美洲中部，北与加拿大接壤，南靠墨西哥湾，西临太平洋，东濒大西洋。
自然环境英国地形以平原为主，气候温和多雨，四季分明；美国地形复杂多样，气候类型丰富，包括温带大陆性气候、温带海洋性气候、地中海气候等。
历史发展与文化传承历史发展英国历史悠久，经历了罗马入侵、中世纪封建制度、文艺复兴、工业革命等重要时期；美国历史相对较短，但发展迅速，经历了独立战争、西进运动、南北战争、两次世界大战等关键事件。
文化传承英国文化以绅士文化、下午茶文化、皇家文化等为代表，具有深厚的文化底蕴；美国文化以自由、民主、创新为核心，融合了世界多元文化。
政治制度及特点政治制度英国实行君主立宪制，国家元首为女王，政府首脑为首相；美国实行总统共和制，国家元首和政府首脑均为总统。
政治特点英国政治稳定，政府更迭较少，政策制定和执行相对缓慢；美国政治竞争激烈，政府更迭频繁，政策制定和执行迅速。
经济实力与产业结构经济实力英国和美国均为世界经济强国，拥有庞大的经济总量和强大的国际竞争力。
产业结构英国经济以服务业为主导，制造业和金融业也较为发达；美国经济以服务业和高科技产业为主导，制造业和农业也占据重要地位。
PART02英国概况公元前55年与54年，罗马将军朱利叶斯·凯撒两次率军入侵不列颠，虽未成功，但对不列颠产生了深远影响。
罗马入侵与不列颠的崛起5-6世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从欧洲大陆迁徙至不列颠，逐渐形成了英格兰的雏形。
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的迁徙与定居1066年，诺曼底的威廉公爵征服英格兰，建立了诺曼王朝，并引入了欧洲大陆的封建制度。
诺曼征服与封建制度的建立1688年，英国爆发光荣革命，推翻了斯图亚特王朝的专制统治，确立了君主立宪制。
英美概况英国地理PPT课件
– Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes cigarette ends
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Wales
Wales
a mountainous country in the west of Great Britain. takeing up less than 9% of
the whole island.
Northern Ireland
• Smallest among the four nations in Britain
▪ Union Jack
The map of the UK
The location of the UK
• Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.
• best kown for flowing through central London • its strategic position at the centre of many events in
British history • a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure
（1770—1850）
Scotland
Scotland
➢A mountainous country ➢three natural zones: The Highlands in the north
the central Lowlands the southern Uplands ➢Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK ➢A country of castles
英美国家概况Unit 3 Political system.推荐下载PPT
Golden State Coach
From Buckingham to Westminster
The Throne in the Upper House
Black Rod
Knock 3 times
• The Queen will then read out the Queen’s Speech, a document about 1,000 words in length prepared by the government.
• There’s actually no separation of power between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.
• This principle of dividing the functions of government is meant to ensure that there’s no excessive use or abuse of power by any small group of people.
Think about these questions before we start:
➢1. What are the main functions of Parliament?
➢2. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?
➢3. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?
➢4. How did the Labor Party come into being?
英美概况Lecture 3
1.Causes of the decline(p.28-29)
• After the Second World War, Britain’s economy was in an unfavorable position. • 1) Being in debt; • 2) The end of the empire; • 3) Large military spending; • 4) industry survived after the war • 5) relatively low rates of investment • 6) A catching-up by Germany and Japan;
among the West European countries) • 3) The worker’s takehome pay increased
by 20 percent. • 4) Profitability of industrial companies was
high.
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Bad result of Thatcher’s economic policy
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II. Economic decline
• After World War II, the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty and economic decline.
• Absolute Decline or Relative Decline?(P29)
• 1) Widened gap between the poor and the rich;
• 2) High Unemployment; • 3) High crime rates; • 4) Unsatisfactory social services.
英美概况 ppt课件
chapter four: Family and life, media (1 week)
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Books for References
• 丁国声. 致用英语-英语国家概况[M]. 外语教学与 研究出版社, 2008.
• 来安方. 英美文化与国家概况[M]. 复旦大学出版社, 2008.
244,820 square kilometers.
• The UK is a member of the European Union (EU).
• one of the five permanent membership of the UN Security Council.
• a founding member of NATO.
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Different Names for Britain
• Why is England or the UK sometimes called Britain? 'When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles - but never England.' "England" is sometimes, wrongly, used in reference to the whole United Kingdom, the entire island of Great Britain (or simply Britain), or indeed the British Isles. This is not only incorrect but can cause offence to people from other parts of the UK.
英美概况-introductionPPT课件
2020/10/13
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Class Arrangement
1. Student Presentation (You need to start at the latest from the 2nd week on)
2. Brief Introduction of Class Contents 3. Textbook explanation (Language points) 4. Lecture: Focus on specific topics/issues (ppt,
关于需要回答的问题和期末考试
1、问题基本来自课本，包括课本原文内容（4W and 1 H and M），练习中的问题，也有少部分是我提出的额外问题。这些问 题在我提供的presentation topic list里头同学们没有选择的话题。 这些是额外的assignment, 所以能够回答出来，也就有额外的
Britain? How do we conduct the course?
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Necessary? Yes, and absolutely.
1. Britain is one of the most important and advanced countries in the world, politically, economically and culturally. We need to learn from Britain to benefit from its beneficial experience.
3、前面四周同学如果对自己的presentation 不满意，而且在期末结 束前如果有多余的时间，可以选择重新做presentation，提高自己 的总体成绩，因为你们才开始来学习如何做presentation。当然如 果时间充裕，其他同学也可以考虑给予这个机会。内容为主（不要 照抄网上内容，需要用你自己的话来表达，大家才能较好理解，不 要为了完成任务而做），熟练程度、肢体语言、是否脱稿、目光交 流、语音语调、语法准确度都是考核因素。老师给出的是global assess2m02e0/n10t/。13 完成之后，可以来问自己的成绩，也可以进行申辩。7
英美概况英文课件美国政治
Federal system “Checks and balances” Respect for the Constitution
Introduction to British and American Culture
The Federal System
Definition
Power is shared between the central government and the state government
Introduction to British and American Culture
The Constitution
a single political document in1787 7 articles The Constitution follows three principles:
The Republican Party
The second largest party More conservative Ideology
A small government and free market Letting business compete with little or no government regulation in the marketplace Advocates strong national defense
Chapter 3 Politics
Part Two The Political System of the United States
Introduction to British and American Culture
英语国家概况Chapter 3【优质PPT】
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.2 Queen
Queen Elizabeth II
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.2 Queen
• from 705 to 666 (Mar. 1, 2004)
▪Final court of appeal—Supreme Court
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.4 The House of Commons
Countries
2.1.3 The House of Lords
❖The main legislative function of the House of Lords:
❖ Examine and revise bills from the House of Commons
The House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.3 The House of Lords
❖The Lords Spiritual (上议院神职议员)
大三上学期英美概况British-History市公开课获奖课件省名师示范课获奖课件
❖ Roman Christianity St. Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
The Norman Conquest
❖Origin: northern France ❖Its country--- Normandy ❖The Norman Conquer England in 1066 ■ the war between William and Harold in
1066 ■ the death of Edward ■ the battle of Hastings ■ William the conqueror, the first Anglo-
successful Roman invasion of Britain ❖ Left—Germanic attack in
Rome, forcing all Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending the Roman occupation of the island.
❖This is the last invasion of England by foreigners.
1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city of London.
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--UK’s exports to China: power generating equipment for oilfields, auto fittings, container ships, air ground equipment, foodstuffs, tobacco manufacturing equipment
Lecture 3
National Economy
Group Work
• Work in groups of four or five. Each one gives the presentation she/he is resposible for:
--industry --agriculture --transport & communication --Thatcherism • Listen to others and ask a question when you don’t
in U.K.? 6. What is “British Disease”? 7. Make comments on Thatcherism.
Contents
• 1. General Survey • 2. Company Law and Framework of Industry • 3. Industries • 4. Agriculture • 5. Transportation and Communication • 6. British Disease and Thatcher’s Medicine • 7. Cities
--gradually became self-sufficient after the first oil was brought ashore from the North Sea in 1975
--net exporter of oil
--oil reserves belong to the state, oil production under government control,private oil companies have a large stake in Middle East oil production
understand. Discussion is a must. • A summary of the British economy is to be handed in
next time. Group members take turns in writing a summary. The summary writer should put her/his name on the page/s she/he hands in, for the summary will be graded.
• comprehensive industial system based on a large number of skilled workers, scientific management, advanced technology
• London as a financial centre of the world (economy) • Long coastline with many fine harbours (foreign trade) • Favourable climate (agriculture and husbandry)
QuestiΒιβλιοθήκη ns1. Why is U.K. a trading nation? 2. What are the major industries in U.K.? And
their respective characteristics? 3. What role did the textile industry play? 4. What’s the characteristic of agriculture in U.K.? 5. What’s the transportation & communication like
• The UK is a trading nation:
--limited domestic market
--inadequate home supply of raw materials
--import & export
• Britain’s major trade partners are industrial countries. Sino-British trade has been expanding for years:
2. Company Law and Framework of Industry
• The UK is a market economy. Its economic system is known as capitalism which protects private ownership and free enterprise. It provides the investment climate for capitalist production through competition.
• nulear power --first nuclear power station built in 1956 --more than 15 nuclear power stations by now • iron & steel industry --largest manufacturing industry --major steel-producing nation, exporting a large
• forms of industrial orgazinations:
--company
--corporation
--incorporation
--limited liability (Ltd.) company
--unincorporated private business
• State-owned enterprises :
--over ¾ of UK’s GDP
• Monopoly
--the English law defines a monopoly as “a situation where at least a quarter of a particular kind of goods or service is supplied by or to a sigle person, or more people acting in the same manner”
--sick industry, falling output and consumption since WWI
• oil production
--no land-based oilfields
--almost wholly dependent for its oil supplies on imports in the past
--public trasportation , water supply, production of coal, steel, electricty, oil
--less than ¼ of UK’s GDP
• Private businesses:
--agricultural, manufacturing, distributive, financial, service induatries
than half of its domestic consumption --the British Steel Corporation & privatization
• motor vehicle industry --1/3 cars for export --leading world producer/exporter of agricultural tractors --most auto companies owned by foreign investors --famous brands: Austin Morris, Range Rover, Dodge,
• coal-mining
--Coal Act of 1938 made coal resources property of the state in 1942
--Coal Industry Nationalization Bill nationalized the coalmining industry
Rolls Royce • new industries --microprocessors, computers, biotechnology, other
high-tech industries --europe’s largest collection of foreign-owned chip
proportion of its steel to US and EU nations --main steel-producing areas: Yorkshire, Wales,
Scotland, West Midlands --not self-sufficient in iron ore, importing more
--passed laws to fight against monopolies and to prevent monopolies from distorting the role of market forces