动词不定式与动名词的用法比较

动词不定式与动名词的用法比较

动词不定式和动名词是英语非谓语动词的两个重要部分，有不少的初学者不容易分清这两者之间的用法区别。本文结合大量的实例，简要介绍一下动词不定式和动名词在用法上的一些区别。

一、作主语

1、不定式作主语：动词不定式可直接用作主语, 句子的谓语动词常用单数。

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

对于主语较长的不定式，可以用it作形式主语。例如：

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

How long did it take you to finish the work

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.

It seemed impossible to save money.

It's kind of you to help me with my English.

2、动名词作主语：动名词也可直接用作主语，或者用it 作形式主语。例如：

Learning without practice is no good.

It's no good reading in dim light.

It's no use sitting here waiting.

It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.

There is no saying what will happen next.

3、动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1) 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，或者表示将要进行的动作。而动名词作主语经常表示抽象的一般性的动作。例如：

It's no good for you to eat so much fat. (有具体的人for you)

It's no good eating too much fat. (泛指)

(2) 不定式的逻辑主语常用of, for 表示；动名词逻辑主语则常用物主代词、名词、代词表示。例如：

It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. (of you)

It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. (your)

The doctor suggested them having their health check-up once a year.

二、作宾语

1、不定式作宾语

(1) 以下动词后, 一般只用不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect,

fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等。

I decided to ask for my money back.

I decided that I would ask for my money back.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.

(2) 不定式可先用it 做形式宾语。

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

He feels it his duty to help the poor.

2、动名词作宾语

(1) 以下动词后, 一般只用动名词作宾语, 如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep,

imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off 等。

I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.

You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.

(2) 介词后只能接动名词做宾语

I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.

What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech

(3) 少数特殊结构中只用动名词做宾语。它们可以看作是省略的介词的形式。例如：

have difficulty (in) doing sth.

have no trouble (in) doing sth.

lose no ti me (in) doing sth.

prevent/stop…(from) doing sth.

there is no use (in) doing sth.

3、不定式与动名词做宾语的区别

(1) 动词后是接不定式还是动名词作宾语，主要是根据使用习惯。有些动词后一般只接不定式作宾语，而另一些则只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。

(2) 介词后只能接动名词作宾语；还有少数结构后只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。

(3) 在need, want, require 等后表示被动意义时，不定式要用被动语态，而动名词不需要。例如：

My bike needs to be repaired.

My bike needs repairing.

(4) 英语中，有些动词动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，意义区别不大，如：begin, continue, start,