被动语态讲解、练习题及答案

被动语态

英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如：

The flowers and grass should be watered .(____语态)

We should water the flowers and grass .(____语态)

◆一构成

1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) → The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态)

2.被动语态有以下8种：

一般现在时：be(am / is are) +过去分词Trees are planted in spring .

一般过去时：be(was / were) +过去分词The house was built last year .

现在进行时：be(am / is are) + being +过去分词The car is being repaired .

过去进行时：be(was / were) + being +过去分词

现在完成时：have / has + been +过去分词The light has been turned off .

过去完成时：had + been +过去分词

一般将来时：will be +过去分词Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .

含情态动词的：情态动词+ be +过去分词My homework can be finished in two hours .

3.被动语态常用于以下场合：

①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。

②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by +动作的执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。

※只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，没有被动形式。

◆二主动语态变被动语态的步骤

通常遵循以下三个步骤：

1．把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2．把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。

3．将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。

主动语态：Many people speak English . 这里还需要连线！

被动语态：English . is spoken by many people .

如：Lu Xun wrote this book .→ This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的。

People are cutting down many trees now .→ Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。

◆三主动语态和被动语态的转换

1.双宾语的被动形式

双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法：

①如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如：His teacher gave him a

book .→He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→I have been bought a present .

②如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那么动词后要用介词to / for，这个介词是由与其搭配的动

词决定的。如：His teacher gave him a book .→A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→A present has been bought for me .

※常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等，这些词与介词to搭配；buy / make / draw等，这些词与介词for搭配。

2.动词短语的被动语态

许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：

①We should speak to old men politely .→Old me n should be spoken to politely .

②He always takes care of his sister .→His sister is always taken care of (by him).

③She turned off the radio .→The radio was turned off (by her).

3. 省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态

在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如：

①He made the girl stay at home .→The girl was made to stay at home .

②We often hear her sing in the room .→She is often heard to sing in the room .

③The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the

boss).

4. 主动形式表被动意义