英语论文 《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝的悲剧成因分析

contents

Abstract.............................................................................................................................. I 内容摘要.......................................................................................................................... II 1. Introduction. (1)

1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles (1)

1.2 About Thomas Hardy (2)

1.3 Background of the Novel (3)

2. Two Deep Stratification of the Tess’ tragedy in the ovel (4)

2.1 Family and Society Caused Tess’s Tragedy (4)

2.2 Hypocritical Capitalism Morals View and Unequal Legal System (5)

2.3 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (6)

3. Characters Analysis in the Novel (6)

3.1 Tess’s Character (7)

3.2 Alec’s Characters (9)

3.3 Clare’s Characters (10)

Conclusion (13)

Bibliography (14)

Abstract

Literature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England; Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. His novel reflected the real society. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. This paper will discuss the causes of Tess tragedy in terms of environment and characters that Tess involved.

Key Words：Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Family Environment; Moral ethic; Character

内容摘要

文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。越来越多的学者开始从文学的角度研究一个国家的经济，政治和文化根源。悲剧是小说创作的手法之一。托马斯．哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他最为有影响力的一部巨著。哈代的悲剧小说《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映了其当时的社会现实。小说成功地塑造了女主人苔丝的形象，无情地揭露了资产阶级社会虚伪的伦理道德。该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造成的，是一个时代思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的结果。除此之外，这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，因为她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。所以，作为普通人的苔丝与当时社会的抗争是无助的，最终会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，被沦为社会的牺牲品。本文试从女主人公苔丝所处的环境和人物性格两个方面，探讨导致其悲剧的成因。

关键词：苔丝的悲剧；社会环境；家庭背景；伦理道德；人物性格