英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结

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语法：虚拟语气和倒装句

虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。

2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。

难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。

例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。

If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。

二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。

同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。

2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。

虚拟语气和倒装句讲解

一、主句和从句主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。

如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。

这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。

二：关于虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。

其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。

例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。

(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。

(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。

(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

英语虚拟与倒装用法

虚拟句用法．．．．．虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。

如：If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(b e用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if，句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。

英语虚拟语气知识点

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高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)

高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。

虚拟语气和倒装

as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态动词
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry. 没有电，就没有现代工业。
（2）通过上下文，句中往往有 otherwise, or等词。如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you. 我昨天很忙，要不然我就来看你了。
the world.
单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词
Young as he is, he knows more than you.
Hardly …when, No sooner….than,（只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）
neither… nor…（两个都倒）
not only…（只倒前面）
当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。
Little work was done yesterday
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.
倒装
倒装的目的：语法结构的需要：通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。例如： There is a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。 Where are you going? 你上哪去？

英语虚拟语气语法总结

英语虚拟语⽓语法总结虚拟语⽓语法总结1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式倒装结构1）Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. 2）Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.3）Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.2．虚拟条件句的特殊⽤法A. 混合虚拟条件句条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发⽣.If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。

）If I were you, I wouldn’thavemissed the film last night.（从句述说现在，主句述说过去。

）If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。

）If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。

）If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver.（从句述说现在，主句述说已发⽣。

）B. 含蓄虚拟条件句虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for…etc例如：1）I couldn’t have won the competition without your encouragement.2）With your assistance (=If we had your assistance), we might finish the plan earlier3）Butfor you advice, I wouldnotbe able to do this work.4) Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’thavemade such a stupid remark.C. 虚拟条件句中的表⽰结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上仍然存在。

倒装、虚拟语气讲解

倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1) Why can't I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。

虚拟语气、倒装

英语虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟条件句。

名词性虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理1、条件从句与现在事实不一致如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意：If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command，三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格

虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。

让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

(事实：我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

(事实：不知道)If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

(事实：没有带钱)If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。

(事实：没有努力)If I were you，I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。

(事实：我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用

英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊句式，用来表达非事实、假设、愿望等情况。

虚拟语气通常与条件句或从句连用，可以用于表达建议、命令、愿望、假设等多种情况。

与虚拟语气相关的一个用法是倒装句，它在语法结构上具有一些特殊的规则。

本文将介绍英语语法中虚拟语气和倒装句的使用。

一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反的假设或条件。

常见的虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与过去事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与将来事实相反的假设（用一般过去时表示）等。

例如：- If I were you, I would invite him to the party.（与现在事实相反的假设）- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（与过去事实相反的假设）- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（与将来事实相反的假设）2. 虚拟命令、建议和要求虚拟命令、建议和要求用于表达愿望、建议或要求。

常用动词有advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request等。

例如：- I recommend that he study more.（我建议他多学习。

）- The teacher insisted that the students finish their homework.（老师坚持要求学生完成作业。

）3. 虚拟愿望虚拟愿望用于表达对于现在情况的不满或对于将来情况的期望。

通常使用“希望”（wish）来引导宾语从句。

例如：- I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。

）- I wish it would stop raining.（我希望停止下雨。

）二、倒装句倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构，它的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。

语法虚拟语气、倒装、强调句篇

五、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

一、条件句中的虚拟语气从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来①过去式/ were（常用）②were to do（可能性小）③should + V. (原)（可能性大）would / should / might / could + V. (原)现在过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + V. (原)过去had done would / should / might / could + have done（1）与将来事实相反：e.g. If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.（2）与现在事实相反：e.g. If he were free, he would help us.（3）与过去事实相反：e.g. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.2. 条件句中的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。

e.g. Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well.若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。

Had I been there, I would have asked her the question.如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。

虚拟语气和倒装

If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break.
Attention: 1. if的省略如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 Should it rain/Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 2. 条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 -Why didn’t you attend the party yesterday? -I would/should have, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job. You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.）
例如： If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there.
If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.

语法精讲_虚拟语气和倒装

完全倒装： In the stillness of the evening could be heard the ringing of a distant bell. 在静夜里可以听见远处的钟声。 On one side of the square stands the Great Hall of the People. 在广场的一边矗立着人民大会堂。
部分倒装句
用hardly, scarcely, no sooner… than,
never, seldom, at no time 等词开头的句子。 Scarcely(hardly)had he gone when the ceiling fell. 他一走，天花板就掉下来了。 Seldom does he come to see his grandma.
用于错综时间条件句
当条件句的动作和主句动作的时间不一致；
相应调整时态表示对不同时间的虚拟 Eg：If I were you, I wouldn’t have made such mistake yesterday. If he hadn’t made such mistake yesterday, he will won the race today.
虚拟语气的使用
用于非真实条件句
（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句
用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句 In case，lest引导状
语从句 Would rather,would sooner, would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句 If only 引导的句子中

【划重点】英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集

英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集：语法复习一、虚拟语气和倒装句知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。

虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。

虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。

句型结构：If +主语+hadbeen/done⋯. ，主语+should/could/might/would + have done ⋯.1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might havemade all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helpedhim.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would+do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If + 主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf + 主语+should doIf + 主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose tobe a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had 或should 可以去掉if 以后用倒装句语序。

英语语法中的倒装句和虚拟语气

英语语法中的倒装句和虚拟语气英语是一门语法非常严密的语言，其中倒装句和虚拟语气是比较有代表性的两种语法现象。

它们的运用非常灵活，不但能够丰富语言表达的层次，还能够措辞优美、言简意赅。

下面我们就来探讨一下这两种语法现象的用法与特点。

倒装句所谓倒装句，指的是在语句中将主语和谓语的位置颠倒的现象。

具体来说，有三种情况：1.整个谓语做倒装。

例如：Never had I seen such a beautiful view before.（我以前从没看过这么美的风景。

）Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.（只有通过努力工作，我们才能实现我们的目标。

）注意，这种倒装通常用于强调句子中的某一部分，比如"never"和"only"这样的副词。

在平常的口语和写作中，这种用法并不常见。

2.助动词和主语的位置互换。

例如：Are you going to the party tonight? -> Are you not going to theparty tonight?He has finished the report. -> Has he finished the report?这种倒装在否定句和疑问句中比较常见。

3.只有谓语的一部分做倒装。

例如：Up the hill walked the little girl.（小女孩沿着山坡走了。

）In the garden sat the old man.（老人坐在花园里。

）这种倒装通常在口语和文学作品中出现，英语中很多歌曲和诗歌也会使用这种语法结构。

总体来说，倒装结构让英语句子的语序独特，增加了句子的语言美感和表达效果。

虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语语法中非常重要的一个概念。

虚拟语气主要用来表达一些虚构的假设或者反事实情况，比如愿望、建议、命令、条件句等等。

英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结

虚拟语气英语中的各种语气：1、陈述语气：I like apples 我喜欢苹果。

I don't like apples2、疑问语气：What's your name？Do you like apples?3、祈使语气：Open the door4、虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你，我将会原谅她。

1、与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式，主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形例如；If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner.如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。

2、与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时。

例如；If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test.如果当时我完成了我的作业，我就能够通过我的考试了。

3、与将来的事实相反：主句用：should/could/would/might/+V原形，从句用should do （可能性最大），过去式（可能性一般）were to do （可能性最小）If it should snow tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆个雪人If it snowed tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆个雪人If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，我将对个雪人虚拟语气的倒装形式If I had worked hard, I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作，我就已经完成它了。

Had I worked hard, I would have finished itIf it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanShould it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanIf it were to snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanWere it to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法1、I lifted the chair so that I could be seen 我举起椅子就是为了能被看见（状语从句）状语从句中常见连接词：as if 好像，as though 好像，in order that 为了，for fear that 生怕，In case 万一。

英文虚拟语气句型

英文虚拟语气句型英文虚拟语气句型有多种，以下是一些常见的例子：1.与现在事实相反：If we had time now, we would re ad the book. 如果我们现在有时间，我们会读这本书。

2.与过去事实相反：If I had known your telephone nu mber then, I would have called you. 如果我那时知道你的电话号码，我就会打电话给你。

3.与将来事实相反：If it were to rain tomorrow, the m eeting would be postponed. 如果明天下雨，会议就会推迟。

4.表示建议、愿望、惊讶等：If only I could fly! 我真希望我能飞啊！5.虚拟条件句的倒装：Had we made enough preparatio ns, we would have succeeded. 如果我们做了充分的准备，我们就会成功的。

6.含蓄虚拟条件句：Without your help, we would not have achieved the success. 如果没有你的帮助，我们不会取得这个成功。

7.并列虚拟语气句：He would go to the park if he had time, but he hasn’t. 他如果有时间会去公园，但是他没有时间。

8.宾语从句中使用虚拟语气：I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 我希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。

9.省略if的虚拟语气句型：Were he here now, he wou ld agree with us. 如果他现在在这儿，他会同意我们的意见。

10.had it not been for表示“如果不是”：Had it not b een for the rain, we would have had a pleasant journey. 如果不是因为下雨，我们的旅程会很愉快。

虚拟语气语法总结笔记

虚拟语气语法总结笔记
虚拟语气是一种语法结构，在表示一种假设、愿望、建议、命令或怀疑等情况下使用。

它与现实情况相反，表达一种非真实或假设的情况。

虚拟语气在英语中有多种形式和用法，下面是一些常见的虚拟语气结构和用法的总结：
1. 虚拟条件句：
- 类型1：如果+主语+动词的过去式，主语+would/could/might+动词的原形。

- 类型2：如果+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语
+would/could/might+动词的原形。

- 类型3：如果+主语+had+动词的过去分词，主语
+would/could/might+have+动词的过去分词。

2. 虚拟语气与愿望：
- 表示对现在的虚拟愿望：主语+were/was to+动词的原形。

- 表示对过去的虚拟愿望：主语+had+动词的过去分词。

3. 虚拟语气与建议：
- 表示建议：主语+should+动词的原形。

- 表示命令：主语+动词的原形。

- 表示要求：主语+动词的原形。

4. 虚拟语气与怀疑：
- 表示怀疑：主语+动词的过去式。

虚拟语气在英语中用于正式的书面语、虚拟条件、假设情况、愿望、建议和怀疑等方面。

需要注意的是，虚拟语气的用法在口语和书面语中可能有所不同。

使用虚拟语气时，需要注意动词的时态和语态的变化。

总而言之，掌握虚拟语气的使用可以帮助我们更好地表达假设、愿望、建议、命令或怀疑等情况，使我们的语言更加丰富和灵活。