英国文学选读unit3培训课件
3英国文学第三次课件
2. Features of renaissance
★ It is a reviving curiosity for the classical literature. -- admire the Greek and Latin works; ★ It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
English literature in the Renaissance Period
1.Poetry in the Renaissance period 1.1 Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542) He is the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
3.3 Shakespeare‘s contemporary and successor
Ben Jonson (1572-1637) was a forerunner of classicism in English literature and the Poet Laureate of James I., he is chiefly remembered for his comedies Volpone, or the Fox, The Alchemist.
Key points:
★ Chaucer‘s
major works; ★ Understanding The General Prologue in his ―The Canterbury Tales‖; ★ Chaucer‘s contribution to the English literary; ★ Major writers and their works in Renaissance Period.
英国文学史及选读Part III Geoffrey Chaucer.PPT
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I. Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – October 25, 1400) was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat courtier (朝臣), and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative (框架叙事;框架叙述) The Canterbury Tales.
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Three periods of Chaucer's literary activity → Italian Period
Major works of the second period include The House of Fame, recounting the adventures of Aeneas after the fall of Troy; The Parliament of Fowls, which tells of the mating of fowls on St. Valentine's Day and is thought to celebrate the betrothal of Richard II to Anne of Bohemia; and a prose translation of Boethius ‘(波埃修斯) De consolatione philosophiae (《哲学的慰藉》).
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Three periods of Chaucer's literary activity → Italian Period
英国文学Unit3 FrancisBacon
• Bacon’s Essays • What is essay?
– As a form of literature, the essay is a composition of moderate length, usually in prose, which deals in an easy, cursory way with the external conditions of a subject, and, in strictness, with that subject, only as it affects the writer.
• The essay was invented by Montaigne.
– Montaigne introduced the fashion of writing briefly, irregularly, with constant digressions and interruptions, about the world as it appears to the individual who writes. – Bacon offers his views on a whole smorgasbord of topics ranging from Truth, Death,' Adversitie', Marriage & the single life, Love, Boldness, Superstition, Friendship, Health, Ambition, Youth, Beauty to Anger & Fame.
• Pope called Bacon • "the wisest, brightest, and meanest of mankind." • His famous saying, "knowledge is power", is found in the Meditations.
英国文学选读课件Unit 3 Francis Bacon
VI Useful on-line references for further study
I Bacon’s position and contribution
II A brief introduction to Bacon's Essays
1. Actual size • a collection of essays • the first published book in 1597 with 10 essays • a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays • the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.
• about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons.
2. Discourse analysis
• Bacon's point of view: - wives and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.
and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
英美文学选读课PPT Lecture three
24 stories (two unfinished)
The General Prologue
“The General Prologue” is usually regarded as the greatest portrait gallery in English literature.
Decameron
The Black Death (1348-1350)
Decameron
10 young men / women, each one of them tells a story for each day. In ten days, they tell 100 stories.
The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer’s Literary Achievements
• Master of the English language Make English as the literary language of the country.
Questions for Preview
• What is Renaissance? • Why did Renaissance come into being at the end of the 15th century? • What is humanism?
The Mature Period
• The Canterbury Tales • Frame-story: a narrative structure that contains other, usually shorter, narratives. Other famous frame stories are Boccaccio’s Decameron and The Arabian Nights.
《英国文学选读u》PPT课件
the pillory, he was cheered as a hero with flowers rather than
pelted(投掷) with stones. This experience was a turning point in
the career of Defoe. His prison experience and his further
• Another fact about Defoe is that he knew about prison life. In 1702, when proposals for increasing discrimination against dissenters(持 异 议 者 ) were introduced, Defoe published an anonymous pamphlet, “The Shortest Way with the Dissenters”, advocating the most extreme measures to eradicate(根除) the dissenters. This offended both the Whigs(辉格党) and the Tories(托利党). He was tried, found guilty of seditious(煽动叛乱的) libel(诽谤), fined and sentenced to stand three days in the pillory(颈手扣，枷锁) in three different parts of London. Hardly had the sentence been announced when Defoe wrote his “Hymn(赞美诗) to the Pillory”—a set of doggerel(打油诗) verses ridiculing his prosecutors. He had it
英国文学选读课件
Tue
The Canterbury Tales and The Decameron
(for discussion)
❖ Number of tales: a prologue and 24 tales (120
tales planned)
Chaucer’s position and contributions
Three titles: ❖The father of English poetry; ❖The father of English fiction; ❖The father of English realistic literature
prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe; and
lastly Troilus and Criseyde (rhyme . royal)
Two terms related to the second period
❖Heroic couplet
Couplet is a style of poetry defined as a complete thought written in two lines with rhyming ends. The most popular of the couplets is the heroic couplet.
（不要以恶为师，而要以恶为鉴。）
—the end of Act IV, Othello
❖Rhyme Royal: A form of verse which consists of stanzas of seven ten-syllable lines in iambic pentameter, riming a b a b b c c. It was first used by Chaucer, and was also the form chosen by Shakespeare in his narrative poem Lucrece (1594).
英国文学史及选读课件 3 Geoffrey Chaucer
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1372- 1386: The House of Fame --《名誉堂》 Troylus and Criseyde --《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》 The Legend of Good women -- 《良妇传说》 The Parliament of Fowls-- 《百鸟堂》
The heroic couplet
a couplet对句;双韵 of rhyming iambic pentameters抑扬五音步 often forming a distinct rhetorical as well as metrical韵律的 unit. (A couplet is two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.) iambic[诗]短长格, 抑扬格, 抑扬格诗 pentameters五音步诗行;五音步之诗
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died on the 25th of Oct. 1400 and was the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey斯 . 敏斯特(西敏寺)大教堂
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2. Chaucer’s representative works:
Scotland and created and preserved by the people.
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2. Types:
ntastical Lyrical Humorous
Ballads
《英国文学选读u》课件
从古典悲剧到现代荒诞派戏剧。
英国文学在世界文学中的地位
对欧洲文学的影响
英国文学在欧洲文学史上占有重要地 位，是欧洲文学的重要组成部分。
对世界文学的影响
英国文学对世界文学产生了深远的影 响，许多世界著名作家都受到了英国 文学的影响和启发。
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英国文学作品赏析
莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》
总结词
人文主义思想的悲剧体现
莎士比亚、伊丽莎白时代文学等 。
英国文学的历史背景
18世纪文学：启蒙运动、 现实主义小说等。
维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄 更斯等。
浪漫主义时期：拜伦、雪 莱等。
现代主义文学：詹姆斯·乔 伊斯、T.S.艾略特等。
英国文学的主要流派
诗歌
从古典主义到浪漫主义、现代主义和后现代主义 。
小说
从现实主义到魔幻现实主义、奇幻小说等。
念，拓展视野，增强跨文化交流能力。
英国文学作品中所传达的人性关怀、道德观念和审美追求，有
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助于个人提升自身修养和审美水平。
对社会观念的影响
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁和时代精神的演变，对于理解历史和 社会发展具有重要意义。
英国文学作品中所探讨的社会问题、道德困境和人性挣扎，引发人们对现 实问题的关注和思考。
《英国文学选读》PPT课件
目录
• 英国文学简介 • 英国文学作品赏析 • 英国文学中的主题和人物 • 英国文学的影响与启示 • 英国文学的未来发展
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英国文学简介
英国文学的历史背景
01
古代文学
古英语文学，以英雄史诗《贝奥 武甫》为代表。
中世纪文学
02
03
文艺复兴时期
骑士传奇、教会文学和市民文学 等。
英国文学Chapter 3 ppt
II. The Elizabethan dramatists who influenced Shakespeare
A. University wits “大学才子”
Robert Greene (c. 1560-1592) John Lyly (c. 1554-1606) Thomas Nashe (1567-1601) Thomas Lodge (c. 1558-1625) Thomas Kyd (1558-1594) George Peele (1556- c. 1597) Christopher Marlowe (1564-93)
The 2nd period (1595-1600)
History plays: King John (c. 1595) Richard II (c. 1595) Henry IV (c. 1597) Henry V (c. 1598)
Shakespeare’s comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream (c. 1595) The Merchant of Venice (c. 1596) The Merry Wives of Windsor (c. 1599) Much Ado about Nothing (c. 1599) As You Like It (c. 1599) The 1st tragedy: Julius Caesar (c. 1599)
B. Christopher Marlowe (1564-93)
hristopher Marlowe’s life
Acknowledged as the greatest tragedy writer before Shakespeare. A son of a shoemaker Receives education at the University of Cambridge with MA Suspected as a secret agent of the government Stabbed to death in a pub as the victim of a political murder
Chapters 3-4 英国文学简史ppt(English Literature)
➢ The works of the first period are generally happy and cheerful
➢ Henry IV, Love’s Labor’s Lost, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It
Philip Sidney
(1554-1586)
➢ Educated at Oxford and was widely read. ➢ A good number of his poems appear in Arcadia. ➢ Astrophel and Stella contains his best poetic
• Introduction • Works
King James Bible
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Introduction ➢ The most popular and most widely
respected writer in all English literature ➢ Born on April 26, 1564 in Stratford on Avon; died on April 23, 1616 and buried at Stratford ➢ He excelled in the literary fields of poetry and drama
English Drama: A Sketchy Account
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件英国文学Unit 3 English Poets
（注解：第五节描写久别重逢的喜悦，老朋友握手相聚，举 杯高歌，对往日的共同回忆消除了世事的沧桑和彼此境遇变 化带来的隔膜，有的只是对过去时光的无限怀想和对友谊的 无比珍重。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
And surely ye’ll be your pint-stowp, And surely I’ll be mine, And we’ll take a cup o’ kindness yet, For auld lang syne!
This is one of the most popular poems all over the world. What are the reasons for the popularity of the poem?
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品欣赏
A Red, Red Rose
这是彭斯根据苏格兰民谣创作的爱情 诗中最有名的一首。
呵，我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子， 奏得合拍又和谐。
（注解：诗人在第一节以两个比喻 形容心上人的美丽可人 ，“红红的 玫瑰”象征心上人的美貌和青春， “甜甜的乐曲”意指心上人的性情 和谐而完美。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I;
罗伯特 · 彭斯（ Robert Burns, 1759— 1796）是苏格兰最伟大的民族诗人。他出身 于贫苦的农民家庭，只上过两年半学。但他 喜欢读书，常在父亲的辅导下学习，自幼培 养了对大自然和诗歌的热爱。彭斯在田间劳 作之余创作了大量诗作。27 岁时，他出版第 一部诗集《苏格兰方言诗集》（Poems, Chiefly inthe Scottish Dialect, 1786）， 受到社 会各阶层的普遍欢迎。次年应邀到爱丁堡访 问，出入名门，并到北部高原旅行。
英国文学选读课件Unit 3 Francis Bacon
cons: selfish: unmarried men's thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.
pros and cons concerning single life
pros: • The best works, and of greatest merit for the public, proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; • much richer, capable of making larger donations to charity; • enjoy liberty, no restraint; • unmarried men, best friends, best masters, and best servants.
IV A close analysis of “Of Studies” V Questions for further exploration
VI Useful on-line references for further study
《英国文学选读》课件
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以培 养个人的审美观念、批判思维和
创造力，提升个人综合素质。
英国文学作品中所描绘的人物形 象和故事情节，有助于引导个人 树立正确的价值观、人生观和世
界观。
对社会观念的反思
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁 和人类文明的进步，促使人们对社会 问题进行深入反思。
英国文学作品中对社会问题的揭示和 批判，有助于激发人们对社会正义和 进步的思考，推动社会变革和进步。
，关注其思想内涵和人文精 神，了解当时的社会变革和
文化思潮。
总结词
注重作品的文学技巧和创新
详细描述
探讨中期文学作品所运用的文学技巧和创 新，如何推动文学的发展，以及在文学史 上的贡献。
总结词
关注作品的情感表达和审美追求
详细描述
分析中期文学作品中的情感表达和审美追 求，如何通过情感和审美来表达作品的主 题和思想。
英国文学的价值
英国文学不仅是文化遗产，也是人类智慧的结晶。它提供了对人性、社会和人 类命运的深刻洞察，启发了人们对生活、道德和人性的思考。英国文学作品还 具有很高的审美价值，为读者提供了丰富的阅读体验。
分析当前英国文学的发展趋势
多元化与包容性
当前英国文学的一个显著趋势是 多元化和包容性。越来越多的作 家来自不同背景，关注各种社会 议题，使英国文学更加丰富多彩
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社会责任与担当
面对当今世界的挑战，未来的英国文学将更加注重社会责任和担当。作
家们将通过他们的作品关注环境保护、社会公正和人权等议题，发挥文
学在社会问题上的舆论引导和思考启迪的作用。
THANKS
感谢观看
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以了解不 同社会背景和文化传统下人们的思想 观念和行为方式，促进跨文化交流和 理解。
新编英国文学选读(上)Chapter3
Chapter3I. Historical background1. The Hundred Years’War between England and France (1337--- 1453)cause: for the French throneresult: awakening of national consciousness in EnglandFrench language gradually replaced by the native tongue2.the peasant uprising of 1381cause: the exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lordsleader: spiritual leader: John BallⅡ.人物一．John Wycliff (1324? –1384): father of English proseFirst figure to demanded to reform the church to do away with the corruption and rottennessTranslated the Bible into standard EnglishA great contribution to English literature and English languageFix a national standard for English instead of dialects二．William Langland (1330? –1400)Works: The Vision of Piers PlowmanForm: allegory--is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching. Double meaning:Abstract qualities or ideas are personified as characters in the story三．Chaucer (1340?—1400)1.Chaucer:【some basic facts】1)Full name:Geoffrey Chaucer2)Birth & death:1340?—14003)Career:A wide range of career as courtier, soldier, diplomat, and civil servant4)Place in British literature:a.“father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of Englandb.Forerunner of humanismc.The first realistic writerd.Master of the English languagee.The first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey【Social significance】Chaucer takes the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, because he affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism. As a forerunner of Humanism, he praises man’s energy, quick wit and love of life. At the same time, his tales expose and satire the social evils at his time.【Weakness】Living in a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. There is nothing revolutionary in his writing, though he lived in a period of peasant uprising, so sometimes , he cracks a rough joke.【Literary Career】1）. The first period (the 1360s-about 1372)He was influenced by the French poetry of the Middle Ages and he translated works from French.Romance of the Rose/ The Book of the Duchess2）. The second period (1372-1386)He was influenced by the great literary figures of early Renaissance in Italy, such as Dante.Troilus and Cryseyde the longest couplet poemThe Parliament of Fowls The House of Fame3）.The third period (1386-1400)He produced his work full maturity free from any dominant foreign influenceThe Canterbury Tales【Contribution】1）Chaucer greatly contributes to the founding of the English literary language. His language now is called Middle English. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.2）Chaucer introduced heroic couplet from France to English poetry, instead of alliterative verse.In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.In The Romance of the Rose, he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet.2.Chaucer’s masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales1)Overview;The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in prose, the rest in verse). The tales are told by a group of pilgrims on their way from Tabard Inn in Southwark to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The Canterbury Tales are written in Medieval English.One day in April, the poet comes to the Tabard Inn in the southern suburb of London. By nightfall, 29 pilgrims arrive at the inn and they get ready to go to Canterbury. Harry Bailey, the host of the Tabard Inn, proposes that each pilgrim should tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back. The best story-teller is to be given a free supper, at the cost of all the rest. The host offers to go with them as their judge and guide. According to the plan, there should be 120 stories, but actually 24 tales are finished.2)Structure;The Canterbury Tales is made up of three parts:（1）The General Prologue;（2）24 tales, two of which left unfinished;（3）separate prologues to each tale with links, comments, quarrels, etc. in between.3)The significance of The Canterbury Tales（1）It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time（2）the dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics stories are cleverly woven together by links between the storiesstories are related to the personalities of the tellers（3）Chaucer’s humourChaucer “the smyler with the knyf under the cloke”（4）Chaucer’s contribution to the English languageHe wrote in the London dialect to prove that English language is abeautiful language and can be handled to express different moodsThus increased the prestige of eh English language.Home work1. What are the artistic features and significances of The Canterbury Tales?。
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• Writing Style of Bacon’s Essays:
• His essays have a literal style peculiar to their own. They are noted for their clearness, brevity and forces of expression. Bacon’s chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few words as possible. His sentences are short, pointed, incisive and often of balanced structure. Many of them have become wise old sayings. Generally speaking, Bacon’s literary style has three prominent qualities: directness, terseness(简洁), and forcefulness.
paragraph. • b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as
his simple language. • c. The simple metaphors have deep implications. • d. The omission makes the essay concise, clear and coherent. • e. The natural flow of parallels makes his logic and philosophical argument
英国文学选读 教学课件
Unit3 Francis Bacon (I561-1626)
Of MarLeabharlann iage and Single Life Of Studies
Francis Bacon (1561—1626)
• Francis Bacon, the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Keeper of the Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.He went to Cambridge University at twelve. He took up law after graduation, and soon became successful. He became a member of the House of Commons(下议院) at the age of twentythree. His alliance with the bourgeoisie(中 产阶级) offended Queen Elizabeth who, up until that time had liked him. When James I came to the throne, Bacon became Lord Chancellor and was made a knight in 1618. In the course of his climbing to the top, however, he made enemies who brought about his final downfall. He died in disgrace in 1626.
convincingly and forceful. E.g. To spend too much time in study… • Crafty man… simple man….
3.Of studies
• a. five parts: purpose of reading • attitudes towards study • principles of studies • study method • study develop your character/effect of study on human character • Style: a.. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one
• Bacon was English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman.
• Bacon’s works may be divided into three groups: the philosophical works; the literal works; and the professional works.
• Bacon was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He published The advancement of Learning (1605)and The New Instrument (1620) . The former deals with the accomplishments of science up to his time. In this work he analyzed the various divisions of knowledge and considered the possible means of advancing them. In the latter Bacon described the method by which knowledge could be universalized.