英汉语篇的衔接与翻译.
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此外，英语还是贸易语言，并取代了原来 法语和德语的位置而成为许多国家的第二 语言。
▪ 英语中的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇 中经常为词汇衔接
Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credits. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bill, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged, the card-holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.
（一）照应
▪ 照应指的是语篇中一个成分作为另一个成 分的参照点。其作用是在代词和上下文中 的名次之间建立起语意联系，从而为读者 提供一种连贯的构架。
▪ 明确照应对象，准确体现照应对象
In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.
第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译
一、语篇的衔接
▪ 语篇的衔接(cohesion)与连贯(coherence)是 语篇分析中一对相辅相成的概念。从语篇 生成的过程来看，都是组成语篇必不可少 的条件，都是语篇的重要特征。
▪ 衔接是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手 段的统称，是语篇表层的可见语言现象。 通常语篇在其语言层次的成分都表现出一 定程度的衔接，以帮助语篇更好地实现意 思的连贯。
It will be appreciated that you give your reply as soon as possible. 请尽快回复，不胜感激。
▪ 指示照应构成时空概念
According to an Asian woman’s website poll, more than half of the respondents suggested that the new economy dress code should be comfortable. Even employers agree with that.
▪ 衔接手段的功能
In the last 20 years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, (however,) have at the same time grown faster. (And so) The standard of living hasn’t improved. (What’s more) The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. (As a result,) There has been no gain in the productivity of land labor.
信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商 品、获得服务。信用卡经零售商店、银行 和信用卡公司发给经过认可的客户。银行 或信用卡公司结清客户的帐单，按月给客 户开列其消费清单，收取前款的利息。这 些金融机构的利润来自所收取的高额利息、 持卡人支付的认购费以及接受信用卡消费 的单位缴纳的代理费。
▪ 英语的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇中 有时不译
▪ Most of those who have watched enviously from the sidelines sense that gravity will assert itself soonerLeabharlann Baiduof later. Many of the online gamblers who have earned a fortune in paper profits betting their savings on shares in Yahoo. Amazon and the rest will never get their money out. For the very features that have led to a near-vertical climb of internet share prices also favor its precipitous collapse.
根据亚洲一女性网站的调查，半数以上的 调查对象认为新经济时代的着装标准应以 舒适为主。即使公司方面也同意这一观点。
（二）省略和替代
▪ 省略可以分为：动词性省略、名词性省略 合分句性省略。 1. 名词性省略
In future trade, the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrial…and the developing nations. 在将来的贸易中，一个要注意观察的重要 趋势是工业化国家与发展中国家之间的关 系。
▪ 大多数曾嫉妒的旁观者观察到，重力迟早 是要发挥作用的。许多把赌注放在雅虎、 亚马逊和其他网络股上并曾赢得账面利润 的投机者将来肯定无法把钱从股市里拿出。 因为那些使网络股股价直线上升的原因同 样也是导致网络股股价暴跌的因素。
二、衔接手段
1. Reference 照应 2. Ellipsis and Substitute 省略和替代 3. Conjunction 连接词语 4. Lexical cohesion 词汇衔接
▪ 英语中的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇 中经常为词汇衔接
Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credits. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bill, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged, the card-holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.
（一）照应
▪ 照应指的是语篇中一个成分作为另一个成 分的参照点。其作用是在代词和上下文中 的名次之间建立起语意联系，从而为读者 提供一种连贯的构架。
▪ 明确照应对象，准确体现照应对象
In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.
第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译
一、语篇的衔接
▪ 语篇的衔接(cohesion)与连贯(coherence)是 语篇分析中一对相辅相成的概念。从语篇 生成的过程来看，都是组成语篇必不可少 的条件，都是语篇的重要特征。
▪ 衔接是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手 段的统称，是语篇表层的可见语言现象。 通常语篇在其语言层次的成分都表现出一 定程度的衔接，以帮助语篇更好地实现意 思的连贯。
It will be appreciated that you give your reply as soon as possible. 请尽快回复，不胜感激。
▪ 指示照应构成时空概念
According to an Asian woman’s website poll, more than half of the respondents suggested that the new economy dress code should be comfortable. Even employers agree with that.
▪ 衔接手段的功能
In the last 20 years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, (however,) have at the same time grown faster. (And so) The standard of living hasn’t improved. (What’s more) The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. (As a result,) There has been no gain in the productivity of land labor.
信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商 品、获得服务。信用卡经零售商店、银行 和信用卡公司发给经过认可的客户。银行 或信用卡公司结清客户的帐单，按月给客 户开列其消费清单，收取前款的利息。这 些金融机构的利润来自所收取的高额利息、 持卡人支付的认购费以及接受信用卡消费 的单位缴纳的代理费。
▪ 英语的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇中 有时不译
▪ Most of those who have watched enviously from the sidelines sense that gravity will assert itself soonerLeabharlann Baiduof later. Many of the online gamblers who have earned a fortune in paper profits betting their savings on shares in Yahoo. Amazon and the rest will never get their money out. For the very features that have led to a near-vertical climb of internet share prices also favor its precipitous collapse.
根据亚洲一女性网站的调查，半数以上的 调查对象认为新经济时代的着装标准应以 舒适为主。即使公司方面也同意这一观点。
（二）省略和替代
▪ 省略可以分为：动词性省略、名词性省略 合分句性省略。 1. 名词性省略
In future trade, the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrial…and the developing nations. 在将来的贸易中，一个要注意观察的重要 趋势是工业化国家与发展中国家之间的关 系。
▪ 大多数曾嫉妒的旁观者观察到，重力迟早 是要发挥作用的。许多把赌注放在雅虎、 亚马逊和其他网络股上并曾赢得账面利润 的投机者将来肯定无法把钱从股市里拿出。 因为那些使网络股股价直线上升的原因同 样也是导致网络股股价暴跌的因素。
二、衔接手段
1. Reference 照应 2. Ellipsis and Substitute 省略和替代 3. Conjunction 连接词语 4. Lexical cohesion 词汇衔接