英语论文开题报告格式英语论文开题报告模板

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英语论文开题报告及封面格式

英语论文开题报告及封面格式英语论文开题报告范文及封面格式大学生活要接近尾声了，学生们要开始做毕业设计了，在做毕业设计之前指导老师都会要求先写好开题报告，那么大家知道正规的`开题报告怎么写吗？下面是小编为大家整理的英语论文开题报告范文及封面格式，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptivetendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.。

英语论文开题报告范文（精选7篇）

英语论文开题报告范文（精选7篇）古人曾说，理论是实践的眼睛，为了总结一个阶段的工作或学习。

我们需要撰写报告，报告可以提升经济效益。

以下是的编辑收集整理的“英语论文开题报告范文”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！英语论文开题报告范文【篇1】从语用角度分析香港粤语和英语混用现象论文开题报告从语用角度分析香港粤语和混用现象本科生毕业论文开题报告表论文名称中文从语用角度分析香港粤语和英语混用现象英文Analysis of the Mixing Phenomenon of Hongkong Cantonese and English from the Perspective of Pragmatics学生姓名欧焕仪英语专业年级2010级指导教师邹明洁职称单位毕业论文写作时间2014年2月日至2014 年5 月日一、The meaning of topic and related literature reviewThe positive effect of mixing use of Hongkong Cantonese and English. Cantonese is one of the most energetic languages in the world and there are nearly 120 million people speaking Cantonese. Apart from Mandrian, Cantonese is the languagein the Chinese language that have perfec writing system and successful development as functional language. It can be divided into Hongkong Cantonese and Cantonese of Guang style. However, with unique charm, Hongkong Cantonese plays an important role in the development of Cantonese. There was a long British colonial history of more than 150 years before the return of Hongkon, which have made great impact on Hongkong, no mattter at the aspect of economic, politics or culture. This has emerged into people's daily life and people are customed to the mixing use of Hongkon Cantonese and English. Under this kind of special circumstance, English, as a strongly inclusive language, was classifed as the offical language in Hongkong. On thecontrast, Cantonese can be regarded as a kind of weak language which is still necessary for the communication. During the daily communication, these two languages have intimate contact with each other, leading the frequently unconscious insertion of English into the dialogue which is very common nowadays. That is exactly the most obvious difference between Honkong Cantonese and Guang Cantonese.Purposed of research The ultimate goal of code-switching is to accomplish the conversation. This is thesis aims at analysing the mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English from the perspective of pragmatic. We collect linguistic data from Hongkong song and movie etc. Honkong citzens usually create new Hongkong English vocabulary through transliteration and free translation.二、Main research problem, short-term target and difficultes you may encounterMain research problem：1. The reson and necessity of this mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English2. The negative effect of confusing language use by mixing phenomenon3. Discussion of the difference and similarities on vocabulary and grammar of Hong Kong Cantonese and English4. Realization of the practicablity of this mixing phenomenon from the perspective of pragmatic5. Prediction of development direction of mixing use of Hong Kong Cantonese and EnglishShort-term Target:1. Basic knowledge of relevant pragmatic principle and theory2. The difference and similarities of Hong Kong Cantonese and English3. Sample analysis of mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and EnglishDifficult：1. One-sided analysis of Hong Kong Cantonese and English2. Can not complete the analyse the principle and phenomenon3. Not sure about the development direction of Hongkong Cantonese and English三、Theoretical frame andMethod of ResearchTheoretical frame:1. The comparsion between vocabulary and grammar2. Cooperative principle of GriceMethod of Research：1. Questionaire survey2. Literature surveyWe systemeticaly study both the realistic and historical condition of mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English by analysing any related data, with intergrated use of scientific method such as conversation survey and questionaire survey. By collecting and sorting out lots of data including Honkong movie and songs and articles, we can easilyget the knowledge about code-switching rule of Hong Kong Cantonese and English.四、Outline and writing scheduleOutline0. Introduction0.1 General ideas on mixing phenomenon of Hong Kong Cantonese and English ;0.2 Brief review of their mixing;0.3 Thesis structure.1. Research Review1.1 Previous research on Hongkong language policy1.2 Previous mixing phenomenon research base on pragmatic principle1.3 Previous research on pragmatic theory1.4 Achievements and deficiencies of mixing use of Hongkong Cantonese and English2. Theoretical Framework 2.1 Cooperative Principle 【Proposed by Grice】2.1.1 An Overview of cooperative Principle2.1.2 Relationship within the cooperative Principle2.2 Applicability of cooperative principle in analysing mixing phenomenon3. Case Analysis3.1 The application of cooperative principle in analysing mixing phenomenon3.1.1 Analysis of the difference between Hongkong cantonese and English3.1.2 Duscission of the intergration of these two language3.2 Take example of supporting the good side of mixing ues of HK cantonese and English3.3 Discussion4. Conclusion4.1 conclusion of the practical effect of mixing ues of HK cantonese and English 4.2 assumption of the positive development of these two languageOveral time will be 4 months（Start from February 2014.）Schedule：Draft setting before 13st March, 2014. Thesis revision before 17th April, 2014; Final thesis before 8th May 2014; Thesis defense preparation from 8th to 28th May, 2014.五、The early reference（≥10，including book and article）MU Xiu-rong, The Comparative Study of The Pragmatic Failure between Chinese and English on the Basis of Politeness Principle. School of Foreign Language in Lanzhou Jiaolong University, 2011.Zhao YaoDong,An Analysis of Pragmatic Failure in Interculture Communication.Hong Kong Baptist University. 2012.Liu Shao-zhong, Studies of Negative Pragmatic Transfer in Interlanguage Pragmatics, Foreign Languages College Guangxi Normal University, 2002李婷，从语音相近探英语中粤语译词的文化渗透现象，广西，外国语言文学研究，2011何源，语码转换及其交际功能，陕西，《时代报告（学术版）》2012年1月（上）供稿陈启霞，香港粤语与英语的混用现象及“两文三语” 的语言政策，云南，临沧师范高等专科学校学报，2011李楚成，香港粤语与英语的`语码转换，香港，外语教学与研究（外国语文双月刊）2003易勇，粤语英语混用对英语习得的影响及对策分析，广东，重庆三峡学院学报，2013——,新编语用学概要，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999.——,语用学讲稿，南京：南京师范大学出版社，2003.——, 对比语言学，许余龙，上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2001六、指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日七、学院论文评审委员会意见盖章年月日英语论文开题报告范文【篇2】一、论文题目：classroom：interaction：and：oral：english：teaching二、研究现状：对于课堂互动与教学之间的关系，国内的研究主要集中在：(1)构建主义模式：它是以构建主义理论为基础的互动模式，司洪海在《构建主义理论与英语口语教学》中从对现有教学模式的“”入手，探讨将构建主义引入英语课堂教学的必要性、可行性及其意义和作用。

英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版

英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版ProposalTitle: A Study on C-E translation of Scenic Spots Introductions of Guangzhou from the Perspective of Eco-translatology Rationale and Significance of the Proposed StudySince the 21st century, along with economic globalization, transnational tourism also gets rapid development. China，as a big country with full tourist resource, with the successful hosting of the 20xx Guangzhou Asian Games, Guangzhou will usher in more and more foreign tourists. How to better convey the information in the travel material, how to best introduce Chinese culture to foreigners by Chinese tourism as more as possible, it is closely related to the translation quality of scenic spots introduction. Scenic spots introduction is an important way for the tourists to get tourist attractions information, proper scenic spot introduction can make the tourists to obtain the necessary background knowledge, deepen their understanding of the scenic spot culture connotation and good translation of scenic spots introduction. It can make foreign friends better understand Chinas culture, also good for the spread and communication of culture. To select the perspective of Eco-translatology, using the methods and principles of Eco-translatology to study the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou, will have a lot to the guiding role of the English translation for the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou..Literature Review (Background)Current researches on tourism translation are more concentrated on analysis of the translation of right or wrong,such as spelling missing errors, grammar mistakes, misnomer, encumbrance, expression repeated language, cultural misunderstanding existing in the tourist translation. Theoretical research from the macro level is still in its infancy. The deficiency of theoretical discussion directly led to the weakness of translation practice and cultivation of translation talents. In the study of tourism translation, there are more research on attractions name, signboard, scenic spots culture, scenic spots introduction and slogan and so on. Among them, for the study of scenic spots introduction, most domestic scholars study it from the perspective of the functional translation theory or skopos theory, but there are just a few people studying it from the perspective of Eco-translatology. According to Li Xiangwu, Chen ping(20xx), they take the translation of skopos theory as the guiding principle, then analyzed the scenic spots translation errors paradigm, aimed to improve the quality of tourist attractions in Chinese-English translation. Analysis is comprehensive. And ZhaiXiaoYi, she explored translation of tourist attractions introduction text from the perspective of the functional theories. Through the analysis of the text content and rhetoric of travel sites attractions introduction, she was tried to explain the enlightenment of functional theories for Chinese travel website text. The context was detailed, but overall, it still stays in text translation error analysis, and putting forward effective strategies. Eco-translatology is a new emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes the translatology mix with the ecology and mutual infiltration. Hou min (20xx), under the guidance of Eco-translatology, through discussing problems in the translational eco-environment of tourism translation in Shanxi, put forward the subjects of translation of tourism culturetranslation environment and internal adaptation and multidimensional response strategy, etc. Analysis is very detailed, but example is insufficient. Guo Fen (20xx), guided by the Eco-translatology, from the three-dimension transformation method of translation, the translator duty and afterwards punishing mechanism to explore the ecological translation theory guidance of translation of scenic spots introduction, it is very detailed, but not enough in-depth. In recent years, scholars studies in the tourism translation with the perspective of the ecological translation theory have been gradually increased, but under the perspective of Eco-translatology, the scenic spots introduction translation studies is relatively less. Scenic spots introduction can reflect a regions history and culture, good translation of scenic spots introduction will be better carry forward the Chinese culture. It can let the foreign friends understand China better.Research QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou Existing problemsCan the Eco-translatology have the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in GuangzhouMethodology and Data CollectionMethodology: First, field investigation, collecting data, and then under the perspective of Eco-translatology, doing the contrast analysis of the scenic spots introduction in both Chinese and English version.Data collection：The data collected to support the thesis are mainly from field investigation. The data will be chosen in the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou. The data will be collected by photographs, some typical data will be picked out and classified and then illustrated from the perspective of Eco-translatology.Theoretical FrameworkEco-translatology: Professor Hu Gengshen argued and built a translation theory of adaptation and selection, the theory may be defined as a means of ecology of translation studies, think that the translation activities should through language, culture communication and three dimension transformation, its principle is multi-dimensional adaptation and adaptive selection, the best translation is integration to adapt to the selectivity of the highest translation.Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study1. Introduction1.1 Rationale and Significance1.2 Research Questions1.3 Research Methods1.4 Organization of the Dissertation2. Research Review2.1 Previous research on Tourism Translation2.2 Previous research on Chinese to English translation of scenic spots introduction.2.3 Previous research on Eco-translatology2.4 Achievements and deficiencies3. Theoretical Framework3.1 Eco-translatology3.1.1 An Overview of Eco-translatology3.1.2 Transaltion Principle and Method of Eco-translatology3.2 Applicability of Eco-translatology4. Case Analysis4.1 Analysis of the information with Eco-translatology in the process of Chinese to English translation of scenic spotsintroduction4.2 Take some examples to analyze the translation while applying the method of Eco-translatology4.3 Discussion5. ConclusionTentative Conclusion and Potential DifficultiesTentative Conclusion: The Eco-translatology has the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou.Potential Difficulties:1. Not familiar to the Eco-translatology2. Data collection will not be very easy and the example that can fit the theory will not be easy to find.ReferencesNelson, R.Winter,S.An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge/London: Duck University Press,1982 Newmark, P.. Approach to translation. Oxford: Pergamon, 1982。

英语毕业论文开题报告（范文5篇）

英语毕业论文开题报告（范文5篇）本站小编为你整理了多篇相关的《英语毕业论文开题报告(范文5篇)》，但愿对你工作学习有帮助，当然你在本站还可以找到更多《英语毕业论文开题报告(范文5篇)》。

第一篇：英语毕业论文开题报告一、选题的背景与意义：（一）课题研究来源在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。

（二）课题研究的目的本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。

（三）课题研究的意义艾米莉・勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期著名小说家和作家，是著名的勃朗特姐妹之一，也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。

她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。

通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉・勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉・勃朗特对自然的偏爱。

小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉・勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的`爱情观的冲突。

这种冲突正是基于艾米莉・勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。

英国文学史上著名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。

并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等著名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉・勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。

而且，艾米莉・勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。

作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉・勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。

因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的著作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉・勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。

只有了解艾米莉・勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。

英文开题报告作文模板范文

英文开题报告作文模板范文英文回答：Title of the Dissertation Proposal。

1. Introduction。

Briefly introduce the topic of the dissertation, its significance, and the research questions to be addressed.2. Literature Review。

Review relevant literature to establish the theoretical and empirical foundation for the research.Identify gaps in knowledge and explain how the dissertation will address them.3. Research Methodology。

Describe the research design, methods, and data collection procedures.Justify the choice of methodology and explain how itwill enable the researcher to answer the research questions.4. Expected Outcomes。

State the expected outcomes of the research, including the contributions to knowledge and implications for theory and practice.5. Timeline。

Outline the proposed timeline for completing the dissertation.6. References。

英文论文开题报告模板

英文论文开题报告模板英文论文开题报告模板IntroductionIn this report, I will present a template for an English research paper proposal. The proposal serves as a roadmap for the research project, outlining its objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It is a crucial step in the research process as it helps to ensure that the study is well-planned and feasible. This template can be used as a guide to structure and organize your own research proposal effectively.1. Background and SignificanceIn this section, provide a brief overview of the topic or problem you intend to investigate. Explain why it is important and relevant in the field of study. Discuss any previous research or theories that have been conducted on the topic and highlight the gaps or limitations in the existing literature. By doing so, you establish the rationale for your research and demonstrate its significance.2. Research ObjectivesClearly state the research objectives that you aim to achieve through your study. These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). For example, if your research topic is about the impact of social media on mental health, your objectives could include assessing the relationship between social media usage and depression rates among young adults and investigating the role of online support groups in promoting mental well-being.3. Research QuestionsFormulate research questions that align with your objectives. These questions should guide your investigation and help you gather the necessary data to answer them. It is important to ensure that your research questions are focused and concise. Using the previous example, a research question could be: "Does excessive use of social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, contribute to higher levels of anxiety among teenagers?"4. MethodologyDescribe the research methodology you plan to employ to answer your research questions. This section should include details about the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. Explain why you have chosen a particular methodology and how it will help you address your research objectives. For instance, if you plan to conduct a quantitative study, explain how you will collect survey data and analyze it using statistical software.5. Expected OutcomesDiscuss the anticipated outcomes of your research. What do you hope to discover or contribute to the field? Will your findings confirm or challenge existing theories? It is important to be realistic about what can be achieved within the scope of your study. Highlight any potential limitations or constraints that may impact the validity or generalizability of your results.6. TimelineProvide a timeline outlining the various stages of your research project. This willhelp you stay organized and ensure that you complete your study within a reasonable timeframe. Break down the research process into smaller tasks, such as literature review, data collection, data analysis, and report writing. Assign specific deadlines to each task and allocate sufficient time for revisions and unforeseen delays.ConclusionIn conclusion, this template provides a structured framework for writing an English research paper proposal. By following this template, you can effectively communicate your research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. Remember to tailor the template to your specific research topic and adhere to any guidelines or requirements provided by your academic institution. Good luck with your research!。

全英文开题报告范文

全英文开题报告范文英语论文开题报告是英语专业毕业生完成毕业论文中最重要的一环。

为大家整理的全英文开题报告范文，希望大家喜欢。

一、选题依据及意义(不少于300字).English,especiallyEnglishreadingandwriting,hasbeeaneffectiv emeanstogetaccesstoallkindsofinformationandanindispensablem eansofinternationalmunication.Asamatteroffact,Englishwritin garevitaltoourindividualdevelopmentbecauseithasbeenappliedm oreandmoreinbothourEnglishstudyandfuturework.However,accordingtomypersonalwritingexperienceandteachingpr acticeexperienceinBobaiMiddleschool,Ifoundthatthestudents'E FLwritingabilityisnotsoencouragingandsatisfactoryinseniorhi ghschoolsthoughtheyhavelearnedEnglishforseveralyearsinprima ryandmiddleschool.NotafewofthemdoverypoorinapplyingEnglisht oexpresstheirideas,thoughts,feelings,etc.inEFLwriting.Someo fthemevencannotproduceasinglecorrectsentenceintheirposition s.Thosestudentsmayactuallyhavesomethingtowrite,buttheyjustc annotexpressitcorrectlyandappropriatelyinEnglish.Ononehand, theydonotgraspsufficientactivevocabulariestoexpressthemselv es.Ontheotherhand,theylacksenseofsentencestructureandpositionstructuretodeveloptheirposition.Thelastbutnotleast,theydon'tknowhowtoapplythematerialstheyhavereadtoimprovetheirwrit ingabilitythoughtheyhavereadalot.Therefore,it'snecessaryandurgenttofindaneffectiveandpractic alapproachtosolvethepoorperformanceinthestudents'EFLwriting andimprovetheirwritingability.Manyscholarshaveprovedthatthe reisastrongrelationshipbetweenreadingandwriting.Fromreading towritingcaneffectivelyenlargethestudents'amountofvocabular y,cultivatetheirsenseofsentencestructureandpositionstructur e,enrichtheirwritingmaterialsandpromotetheirabilityinusingw ordsandsentences.Therefore,fromreadingtowritingapproachishi ghlyadvocatedinimprovingEFLwritinginseniorhighschools.二、研究目标与主要内容(含论文(设计)提纲，不少于500字).1.研究目标：AccordingtotheNewCurriculumStandardsforseniorhighschools,li stening,speaking,readingandwritingarefourbasicskillsandrequ irementsforthestudents.However,thestudents'EFLwritingabilit yinseniorhighschoolsisnotsopleasantandencouraging.Thepreval entEFLwritingapproaches(theproductapproachandtheprocessappr oach)inseniorhighschoolsdonotdomuchgoodtoimprovestudents'writingability.Thisstudyaimstoparethesetwoapproacheswithfromr eadingtowritingapproachandshowtheadvantagesofapplyingfromre adingtowritingapproachinseniorhighschools.Fromreadingtowritingapproachadvocatesthatwritingshouldbeint egratedwithreadingsothatthestudentscanenlargetheirvocabular yinreading,learnhowtouselanguageappropriately,howtoapplythe irbackgroundknowledge,howtoarrangethesentences,howtanizethe position,howtoachievecoherenceandunityandhowtoactivatetheir mindwhenwriting.Inthisway,thestudentscanimprovetheirwriting abilityeffectivelyandefficiently.Therefore,thethesistriesto analyzethepresentreadingandwritingsituationinseniorhighscho ols,expoundthenatureofreadingandwriting,discussthenecessity andfeasibilityofreadingtowritingapproach,showtheapplication ofreadingtowritingapproachinEFLwritingpracticeandprovetheef fectivenessandpracticalityofreadingandwritingapproach.2.主要内容(提纲)：1.Introduction2.ThepresentsituationofEnglishwritinginseniorhighschools3.Thenatureofreadingandwriting3.1Thenatureofreading3.2Thenatureofwriting4.Therelationshipbetweenreadingandwriting4.1Readingpavesthewayforwriting4.2Writingpromotesreading5.Thenecessityandfeasibilityofreading-to-writing5.1Thenecessityofreading-to-writing5.2Thefeasibilityofreading-to-writing6.Theadvantagesofapplyingreading-to-writingapproach 6.1Thedefinitionofreading-to-writingapproach6.2Aparisonofreading-to-writingapproachwithproductapproacha ndprocessapproach7.Theapplicationofreading-to-writingapproach7.1Theprinciplesofapplyingreading-to-writingapproach 7.1.1Payingequalattentiontoreadingandwriting7.1.2Payingequalattentiontointensivereadingandextensiveread ing7.2Theselectionofgoodreadingmaterials7.3Waysofadaptingreading-to-writingapproach7.3.1Pre-writingreading7.3.2Writingfromreading7.3.3Post-writingreadingandrewriting不想长大三、研究方法和手段。

英文论文开题报告模版

In conclusion, this research proposal aims to advance our understanding of the impact of social media on mental health. By conducting a comprehensive and rigorous investigation, this study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field and provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
The first section of the research proposal will provide an introduction to the topic, outlining the background and significance of the study. It will review existing literature on the topic and identify the gaps in the current understanding of the relationship between social media and mental health. This section will also present the research questions and objectives of the study.
英文论文开题报告模版
As a student, I understand the importance of having a clear and effective research proposal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media on mental health. With the increasing popularity of social media platforms, there has been a growing concern about the potential negative effects on mental well-being. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between social media usage and mental health, with a focus on the psychological mechanisms underlying this association.

开题报告英文模板doc

开题报告英文模板篇一：开题报告英文版模板Proposed Title for Dissertation：（Times New Roman 四号加粗）On Domestication and Foreignizationfrom the Perspective of Intercultural Communication（Times New Roman加粗小三号, 居中）I. Background（Times New Roman加粗四号）文本部分全部使用Times New Roman 小四号字体；1.5倍行距；缩进使用tab键本部分些个人选择所领域的原因和背景。

英文例子只是为了让学生能对字号和行距要求有一个直观的理解。

Over the last ten years, the implications of research into language acquisition (Crook & Gass, 1993) and the results of Prabhu?s task-based teaching experiment in India (Willis, 1990) have led to an increasing interest in the potential of task-based teaching of languages. However, this approach seems not easy to apply in Mainland China and Hong Kong due to the large class EFL teaching in those areas and a general lack of the environment in practicing thetarget language (Tsang, XX).Recent years have shown an explosion of interest in using computers for language teaching and learning. With the advent of multimedia computing and the Internet, ?the role of computers in language instruction has now become an important issue confronting large numbers of language teachers throughout the world? (Warschauer & Healey,1998). In the growing field of foreign language teaching to university students in large EFL class, then, the Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) approach may appear to be an almost obvious choice. Nevertheless, the research into an integrative use of the task-based language (TBL) approach and CALL has be(本文来自：小草范文网:开题报告英文模板)en rather sparse in China.II. Research Questions and Its SignificanceThis dissertation aims at finding an answer to the question of what is the most appropriate way of teaching Chinese university students in large EFL class. The research begins with the hypothetical premise that CALL may solve some problems in large EFL class teaching,and it highlights aspects around using tasks in CALL approach. In doing so, the researcher hopes to gain some insights into the CALL approach and to contribute in some way to the improvement of English language teaching (ELT) in China.研究意义可参照中文版本Ⅲ. Literature Review本选题在国内外研究的现状，内容参照中文版本IV. Difficulties and Initiatives of the Research 内容参照中文版本V. Outline of the Proposed Structure of the Dissertation1. Introduction论述当今…的现状，从而引出本课题的研究重点，选题意义，简要说明本文的文章结构和布局。

论文开题报告英文版

论文开题报告英文版Title: The Significance of a Research ProposalIntroduction:A research proposal is an essential component of any academic research project. It serves as a blueprint for the study, outlining the research questions, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. This article aims to discuss the importance of a research proposal and its key elements.1. Background and Rationale:The research proposal begins with providing a background and rationale for the chosen topic. This section highlights the significance of the research problem, the gap in existing literature, and the potential contributions of the study. It helps establish the context and justifies the need for the research.2. Research Questions and Objectives:The research questions and objectives form the core of a research proposal. These are the specific queries that the study aims to address and the goals it intends to achieve. The questions should be clear, concise, and aligned with the research problem. The objectives should be measurable and realistic, providinga roadmap for the research process.3. Literature Review:A comprehensive literature review is crucial in a research proposal. It demonstrates the researcher's understanding of the existing body of knowledge related to the topic. By critically analyzing previous studies, the literature reviewhelps identify gaps, controversies, and areas for further investigation. It also establishes the theoretical framework that will guide the research.4. Methodology:The methodology section outlines the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques to be employed. It explains how the research questions will be answered and how the objectives will be achieved. The methodology should be appropriate for the research problem and should address potential limitations and ethical considerations. This section ensures the study's credibility and reliability.5. Expected Outcomes and Significance:In this section, the researcher discusses the anticipated outcomes of the study. These may include new insights, practical applications, or theoretical advancements. The expected outcomes should be realistic and aligned with the research questions and objectives. Additionally, the researcher highlights the significance of the study, emphasizing its potential impact on the academic field or society.6. Timeline and Budget:A research proposal often includes a timeline and budget section. The timeline provides an overview of the research process, indicating the duration of each phase, such as literature review, data collection, and analysis. The budget estimates the financial resources required for the study, including equipment, participant compensation, and research assistance. These sections ensure thefeasibility and practicality of the research.Conclusion:A well-crafted research proposal is essential for any academic research project. It provides a clear direction, justifies the research, and ensures the study's rigor. By addressing the key elements discussed in this article, researchers can develop a comprehensive and persuasive research proposal that increases the chances of project approval and success.。

英语专业论文开题报告范文精选5篇

英语专业论文开题报告范文精选5篇开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。

这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。

开题报告要怎么写呢?小编精选了一些关于开题报告的优秀范例，一起来看看吧。

英语专业论文开题报告1，研究****及其意义:长期以来，由于多年根深蒂固的传统的教授语言的方法束缚，高中英语阅读教学在很大程度上仍脱离了"培养阅读能力"这一主要任务，成了专为应试服务的逐句翻译和烦琐的语法分析.其现状主要表现为:阅读课过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解，而忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养;重教师的导向，而轻学生的主体性和人文精神的培养.其结果是，不仅忽略了课堂提问在阅读教学中的促进作用，学生在课堂上囫囵吞枣，死记硬背，简单地模仿句型，而且学生普遍存在对整篇*的综合理解，阅读速度慢，缺乏分析问题，解决问题的能力以及积极参与阅读教学的兴趣，阅读课堂呈现单调乏味的现象.这种现状已经阻碍了阅读教学的进一步发展.根据新课标的精神，高中阶段英语教学的目的是"初中英语教学的基础上发展听，说，读，写的基本技能;侧重培养阅读能力"且新编的人教版高中英语教科书以阅读课为中心，突出了高中阶段阅读教学的中心地位，体现了"高中阶段英语教学侧重培养阅读能力"的原则.有此可见，英语阅读教学作为高中英语教学的侧重点，其目的不仅是要让学生学会语言知识，获取*提供的信息，领悟*的内涵，更重要的是使学生掌握阅读的方法和技能，逐步培养语言学习能力.而课堂提问则关系到英语阅读教学的质量，是阅读教学过程得以顺利进行的关键.课堂体温，是一种教学活动过程.通常是教师提出问题，引导学生运用已经学过的知识，回答教师提出的问题，提高分析能力，从而获得新知识的方法，是阅读课堂教学中使用频率的一种教学手段.这也正是顺应了新课标中所倡导的那样，在阅读教学中注重素质教育，鼓励学生积极参与教学活动，通过感知，体验，实践，参与和合作探究等活动方式，来完成阅读教学的任务和实现英语阅读教学目标.同时，通过课堂提问在阅读教学中的运用，也充分体现了阅读教学"以学生为中心的教学思路，突出学生主体，尊重个体差异"的基本理念.据此，为改变传统阅读教学的模式，我们在进行阅读课堂教学时，在阅读前教师可以提出一系列问题，让学生带着问题有目的地去阅读能激发他们的好奇心和求知欲，提高他们的阅读能力.sefc教材所提供的*内容广泛，体裁丰富，其中以叙述和论证体为主，教师应根据不同的文体设计不同的问题，体现出不同体裁的特点.教师还应把课堂作为学生英语实践活动的舞台，把课文内容作为话题，组织学生进行讨论，议论，评价，延伸和借鉴等言语实践活动，从而发挥学生在阅读教学中的主体作用，培养其积极的思维能力和创造能力.而且，国外一些语言学家早在20世纪60年代初就从不同角度探讨研究第二语言的阅读过程，创立和丰富了外语阅读教学理论.语言学家卢利亚认为:"复杂的阅读理解至少有三个环节组成区分单词的确切意义;把握词与词之间的句法关系以及由词组成的复杂的结构."他的话指出了阅读理解过程中语言知识的重要性.1967年goodman借助心理语言学的观点，提出了崭新的阅读理论，他认为阅读是一个复杂的心理语言活动过程，是作者，语言信息，和读者三方面共同作用的结果.随着心理学，心理语言学，应用语言学和篇章语言学研究的发展，人们对阅读理论的探讨不断深入.20世纪80年代初，carrol等人提出了"现代图式理论".它强调了读者的文化背景知识在阅读理解过程中所起的作用.目前，在国内对英语阅读教学的研究，人们有着各自不同的看法.尤其是在阅读教学模式方面，则主要存在着两种不同的意见:一种是"自下而上"的模式，认为阅读教学的基本路子是先教单词，再讲句子，ZUI后扩展到全文.另一种是"自上而下"的模式，强调"reading is a psycholingual guessing game"此外，国内的阅读教学理论也认为，阅读过程是一个主动的，有目的的，有创造性的心理过程.倡导教师在阅读教学中应该使学生始终处于积极主动的状态，通过对整篇*的整体把握来获取*信息，掌握语言知识，培养其阅读能力.随着国内外对阅读教学过程的不断深入，阅读教学在英语教学中的重要性将会变得显著突出.如何在阅读教学中激发学生的学习兴趣，如何使其能创造性地解决课文话题所引出的与现实生活密切相关的问题，从而提高学生的阅读水平，由应试向素质教育转变，将成为一个备受注目的亟待解决的大问题.本课题拟在外语教学法的范畴内，通过探讨如何运用课堂提问技巧，一方面为学生能够根据问题更快，更准确地把握对*的综合理解，更好地获取*的内在信息起到了积极的促进作用，另一方面，由于本课题的内容在目前的英语阅读教学中出现很少，而本课题的研究将弥补这一方面的不足，也为广大教师在阅读教学中所采用的教学技巧提供了一项参考.它的理论意义和实践意义将会十分显著.2，研究目标:针对课文内容的不同，在阅读课堂教学的各环节中精心设计问题，为引导学生能够积极参与阅读教学，使其能够带着疑问对*进行阅读，并向学生提供尽可能多的直接使用语言的机会，让学生回答问题，分析问题或就某一问题进行讨论，帮助学生在有限的课堂中限度地获取*的内在信息，提高其阅读速度，分析问题和解决问题的能力，从而改善阅读课堂教学的质量.3，研究的内容:主要探讨如何在阅读课堂教学的各个环节中设计课堂提问来吸引学生的阅读兴趣，尽可能地引导学生变被动为主动，积极参与阅读教学，在活跃的课堂教学环境中提高学生的阅读能力.本课题研究主要解决以下几个问题:(1)，对阅读课堂教学的现状进行分析，提出通过精心设计课堂提问来改善阅读教学的必要性.(2)，根据阅读教学过程中的实际情况，探索和总结适合于阅读教学的课堂提问的技巧特征.(3)，总结和探索在阅读课堂教学中适当运用课堂提问的技巧能否有利于优化阅读课堂教学的各环节.4，研究的方法和手段:(1)，方法:调查法，归纳总结法，例证法，教学观摩法，查阅文献资料法.(2)，课题的研究手段主要是以实际应用为主，兼以完善这一理论研究.5，研究的进度安排:统一按照院系领导和指导老师的安排，并结合论文写作的实际情况，认真完成论文协作的每项步骤.参考文献:1. 程晓堂，郑敏.英语学习策略[m]. 上海: 外语教育与研究出版社，XX2. 桂诗春.新编心理语言学[m]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社，XX3. 胡春洞，王才仁.英语阅读论[m]. 南宁: 广西教育出版社，19984. 束定芳，庄智象.现代外语教学---理论，实践与方法[m]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社，1996年10月第1版5. 施建萍.高中英语阅读教学中的五种问题设计[j].中小学英语教学与研究，XX(2): 41.6. 迟克晓.设计创新问题优化教学环节培养创新思维[j].广西教育学院学报，XX(7): 128.7. 沈正南.高中"开放式"课堂教学初探[j].中小学外语教学，XX(4): 11.8.何文琴.高中英语课堂提问艺术初探[j].中小学英语教学与研究，XX(2):18.9.杨李花.高中英语阅读教学中的问题设计[j].天津教育，XX(11): 54.10.范煜华.精心设计课堂问题提高课堂教学效率[j].中小学外语教学，XX(6): 22.11.余冰清，谢建珍.充分利用新教材培养学生阅读能力[j].中小学外语教学，XX(6): 21.12.孙曼丽.高中阅读课导入与小结的创新教学设计[j].中小学外语教学，XX(9): 21.13. 周春敏.谈谈高中英语任务型课堂教学设计[j].中小学英语教学与研究，XX(5): 20.14. 林松青.创设教学活动情境培养学生创造个性[j].基础教育外语教学研究，XX(9): 56.15. 葛文山，朱俊爽.浅谈课文教学中问题的设置[j].中小学外语教学，XX(3): 6.16. 朱惠芳.研读《英语课程标准》调整阅读教学策略[j].中小学英语教学与研究，XX(9): 24.17. 杜星.讨论式教学在sefc教材中的运用[j]，中小学英语教学与研究，XX(3):13.18. 鲁芬芬.高中英语阅读课教法探讨[j]，中小学外语教学，XX(11): 17.英语专业论文开题报告题目：A Brief Analysis of the Significance of Optimism in Pollyanna研究目的和意义：拉伯雷曾经说过:生活是一面镜子，你对它笑，它就对你笑;你对它哭，它就对你哭。

英语本科生论文开题报告标准格式(完整版)

报告编号：YT-FS-4808-80英语本科生论文开题报告标准格式(完整版)After Completing The T ask According To The Original Plan, A Report Will Be Formed T o Reflect The Basic Situation Encountered, Reveal The Existing Problems And Put Forward Future Ideas.互惠互利共同繁荣Mutual Benefit And Common Prosperity英语本科生论文开题报告标准格式(完整版)备注：该报告书文本主要按照原定计划完成任务后形成报告，并反映遇到的基本情况、实际取得的成功和过程中取得的经验教训、揭露存在的问题以及提出今后设想。

文档可根据实际情况进行修改和使用。

1、研究来源及其意义：长期以来，由于多年根深蒂固的传统的教授语言的方法束缚，高中英语阅读教学在很大程度上仍脱离了"培养阅读能力"这一主要任务，成了专为应试服务的逐句翻译和烦琐的语法分析。

其现状主要表现为：阅读课过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解，而忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养;重教师的导向，而轻学生的主体性和人文精神的培养。

其结果是，不仅忽略了课堂提问在阅读教学中的促进作用，学生在课堂上囫囵吞枣，死记硬背，简单地模仿句型，而且学生普遍存在对整篇文章的综合理解，阅读速度慢，缺乏分析问题，解决问题的能力以及积极参与阅读教学的兴趣，阅读课堂呈现单调乏味的现象。

这种现状已经阻碍了阅读教学的进一步发展。

根据新课标的精神，高中阶段英语教学的目的是"初中英语教学的基础上发展听，说，读，写的基本技能;侧重培养阅读能力"且新编的人教版高中英语教科书以阅读课为中心，突出了高中阶段阅读教学的中心地位，体现了"高中阶段英语教学侧重培养阅读能力"的原则。

英语课题开题报告模板（精选7篇）

英语课题开题报告模板（精选7篇）英语课题模板篇1一、课题提出的背景：随着新课改的不断深入，对小学英语教学也提出了新的挑战。

英语新课标要求教师积极探索并采取有效的学习方式，小组合作学习便是其中的一种，许多老师都运用在自己的课堂教学中，取得了显著的成效。

但由于受到一些因素的制约，比如班额大成员的，经常顾此失彼，部分合作学习习惯不好，最终造成合作学习流于形式，合作学习的有效性大打折扣。

英语新课标要求教师避免采取传授语言知识的教学方法，提倡任务型教学途径和小组合作学习。

作为当代主流的“小组合作学习”，不仅仅是一种学习方式，更是学会如何与他人互相交流合作，例如学会模仿、倾听、尊重等等，从而培养学生良好的学习习惯和团结互助的精神。

课题提出的意义：《语文课程标准》在“课程性质和地位”中明确指出：“语文是重要的交际工具，是人类文化的组成部分。

工具性与人文性统一，是语文课程的基本特点。

”“语文课程应致力于学生语文素养的形成与发展。

语文素养是学生学会其他课程的基础，也是学生全面发展和终身发展的基础”。

口头语言作为最基本、最便捷的交际工具，担负起个人社会交际的重任。

因此，作为培养未来社会人才语言素质的小学语文教学，应该重视培养学生的口语交际能力。

二、课题研究设计研究目标与预期目标通过本课题的研究，形成一整套提高学生合作学习有效的方法和策略，并在实践中提高小组合作学习的有效性。

首先建立结构合理、互帮互助的合作小组，即科学合理的分组，包括固定分组和动态分组。

再次，明确小组分工，培养独立思考、认真倾听、有序表达、积极参与与合作的习惯，接着，科学选择小组合作学习的内容，拓展创新任务，进行方式多样的科学评价。

从而培养学生的创新精神与合作意识，形成良好的心理品质，促进学生个体的发展。

三、课题研究安排第一阶段：准备学习阶段（20xx.12）依据区教研室的评审意见，认真做好研究的起步工作：学习有利于本课题的研究理论资料，进行理论储备，搜集学生信息，做出合理分组。

毕业论文开题报告英文

毕业论文开题报告英文Title: An Introduction to My Graduation ThesisIntroduction:As I embark on the journey of writing my graduation thesis, I would like to take this opportunity to present a brief overview of my research topic, its significance, and the methodology I plan to adopt. This report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of my thesis, highlighting its objectives, research questions, and expected outcomes.1. Background:In this section, I will provide a contextual framework for my research topic. I will discuss the current state of knowledge in the field, highlighting key studies and theories that have laid the foundation for my research. Additionally, I will identify any gaps or limitations in the existing literature that my thesis aims to address. 2. Research Objectives:In this section, I will outline the primary objectives of my research. I aim to clearly define the purpose and scope of my study, emphasizing the specific goals I hope to achieve through my research. This will help readers understand the significance and relevance of my thesis in the broader academic context.3. Research Questions:This section will focus on the research questions that will guide my study. I will present a series of well-defined and focused questions that will serve as the backbone of my research. These questions will be designed to explore thevarious aspects of my research topic and provide a framework for data collection and analysis.4. Methodology:In this section, I will describe the methodology I plan to utilize in my research. I will discuss the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques that I will employ. Additionally, I will explain the rationale behind my chosen methodology and highlight its suitability for addressing the research questions.5. Expected Outcomes:This section will discuss the anticipated outcomes of my research. I will outline the potential contributions my thesis can make to the existing body of knowledge, as well as its practical implications. By presenting the expected outcomes, I aim to demonstrate the significance and value of my research to both academia and relevant stakeholders.6. Limitations and Challenges:In this section, I will acknowledge the limitations and challenges that I may encounter during the research process. It is essential to address any potential obstacles or constraints that may impact the validity and reliability of my findings. By acknowledging these limitations, I aim to ensure transparency and enhance the credibility of my research.Conclusion:In conclusion, this report has provided an overview of my graduation thesis,including its background, research objectives, questions, methodology, expected outcomes, and limitations. Through this report, I hope to have conveyed the importance and potential impact of my research. I am excited to embark on this academic journey and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in my field.。

英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文

英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文（一）1、毕业论文题目论文题目用中英文撰写，汉语在前，英语在后。

目的是限定毕业论文的大致范围和方向，即论题。

应力求简明扼要，引人注目。

一般不超过15—20字。

必要时可使用副标题。

2、本选题的研究目的以中学英语教学法方向为例，则须说明要解决英语教与学，理论与实践等方面的哪些问题，这些问题应是在教学实践中比较突出又难以解决的问题;或是前人从未解决的，并且能填补某一领域的空白的问题。

3、本选题在国内外同行业中的研究现状国内外学者对该选题曾作过哪些方面的相关研究，本课题在国内外研究中处于何等地位?是属于未开拓的领域，还是在前人已经研究过的基础上作深层次的研究?国内外有哪些论文、论著涉及到本选题的内容?4、研究本选题的动机及意义提出本选题的根据是什么?为什么提出这个选题?本选题的研究有什么意义?从理论的角度看，本选题有哪些方面的突破，其价值取向是什么?本选题与相关领域之间的关系如何?对英语教学会起什么作用?从实践的角度看，本选题是否有助于英语教师和学生把握教与学的动向，使人们在英语教与学的过程中少走弯路，是否有利于提高英语教学质量?5、本选题研究的主要观点、内容、重点和难点本选题研究有哪几个重要观点，其特点是什么?研究的重点在哪几个方面?研究的难点在何处?怎样从理论与实践出发，对英语教学进行更深入的理论探讨?如何结合英语教学实际对改进英语教学作对策思考?本选题有哪几个新观点?是否填补了国内外同行业研究中的空白?6、本选题的撰写框架框架可用提纲形式表述，一般构成如下：引言：提出问题、摆明观点。

论点：分析问题与阐明自己的观点。

大致包括：问题的原因及危害性;解决问题的重要性和必要性;从理论上来论证问题的解决方法，并联系教学实际阐述解决问题的策略与做法。

另外，利用实际数据作为论据，证明方法的有效性。

结论：通过对问题的分析论证，其结果如何?对人们在英语教与学中有何指导意义?有哪些方面需要继续研究的?它还有什么不足之处?参考书目：参考书目一般是英文参考书在前，中文参考书在后，以字母拼音顺序排列。

英语论文开题报告（精选6篇）

英语论文开题报告（精选6篇）英语论文开题报告模板范文英语论文开题报告（精选6篇）转眼间充实的大学生活即将结束，马上就要开始最难熬的毕业设计阶段，而我们做毕业设计之前指导老师都会要求先写好开题报告，我们该怎么去写开题报告呢？下面是小编为大家收集的英语论文开题报告（精选6篇），欢迎阅读与收藏。

英语论文开题报告1一、题目来源其他，专题研究二、研究目的和意义随着我国的教育改革，素质教育始终是一个热门话题。

《基础教育阶段新英语课程标准》明确指出，培养学生的自主学习能力是素质教育的一个重要方面。

但是，在实际的中学英语教学中，大多数同学缺乏自主学习能力，没有有效的自主学习策略，本文通过对自主学习的研究，提出一些有效的英语自主学习的策略，使学生从被动的接受知识转为主动去学习知识，从而做到真正的会自主学习。

三、阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称[1] Benson, P. and Voller, P.Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning [M].London: Longman.1997,[2] Breen, M.P .and Mann, S. Shooting arrows at the sun: perspectives on pedagogy for autonomy. In P.Benson and P.Voller (Eds) Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning [M]. London: Longman. 1997.[3] Boud, D. (ED.).Developing Students Autonomy in Learning [M]. London: Kogan.1988.[4] Candy.Self-direction for Life-long Learning [M]. California: Jossey-Bass.1981.[5] Dickinson, L. Self-instruction in Language Learning [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1987.[6] Gardner and Miller. (Eds.).Tasks for Independent Language Learning [M].Alexandria. 1996.[7] Holec, H. Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning [M], Oxford: Pergamon.1981.[8] Jones.Strategic teaching and learning: cognitive instruction in the content areas [M]. Alexandria, VA: Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development.1987.[9] Nunan, D. ‘Designing and adapting materials to encourage learner autonomy’. In P.Benson&P.Voller (eds) Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning [M]. London: Longman.1997.[10] O’Malley, J.M.and Chamot, A.V. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [M]. London: Macmillan.1990.[11] Sinclair, B. “Learner autonomy: the next phase” In Sinclair, B.et al. (eds).Learner Autonomy, teacher Autonomy: Future Directions [M]. London: Longman.2000.[12] Voller, P. Does the teacher has a role in autonomous learning? In P.Benson and P.Voler (eds) Autonomyand Independence in Language Learning [J].1997.London: Longman, 98-113.[13] Vygotsky, L.S.Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Mental Processes [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.1978.[14] Wenden, A. Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy: Planning and Implementing Learner Training for Language Learners [M], Hertfordshire, UK:Pretice Hall International.1991.[15] Wenden, A. Learner Strategies for Autonomous Learning [J]. 1998.Great Britain:Prentice Hall.xi:347[16] Wenden.A.In cooperating learner training in theclassroom. In A.Wendenand J.rubin (Eds.) Learner strategies in language learning [J],159-68. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: prentice-Hall.1987.[17] 文秋芳.英语学习策略论[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.1995.[18] 武和平.元认知及其与外语学习的关系[J].国外外语教学[J]第二期.2000.[19] 王立非.第二语言学习策略研究：问题与对策[J].国外外语教学第四期.2001.[20] 英语课程标准研制组.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)解读[M].江苏：江苏教育出版社.2004.[21] 刘润清，胡壮麟.外语教学中的科研方法[M].北京：北京外语教学与研究出版社.1999.四、国内外现状和发展趋势与研究的主攻方向1.国内外现状和发展趋势自主学习，又称自我调节的学习，一般是指学习者自觉确定学习目标、选择学习方法、监控学习过程、评价学习结果的过程。