高考英语宾语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中三种虚拟语气
虚拟语⽓1.b e型虚拟（基本是套路）2.w ere型虚拟3.if条件句及主句虚拟形式⽤法⽤法1)表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤b e型虚拟，常⻅的词如下：d e m an d,d es i re,i ns i s t,or d er,as k,co mm an d,p ro p ose,reco mm en d,sugges t,p re f er,re q u i re,re q ues t等最常⻅的形式是这类动词后⾯接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤(s h oul d）+动词原形来虚拟2)表⽰主观看法，常表⽰“某事是必要的、重要的。
怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“it i s+名词/形容词+th a t 从句”结构中，常⻅的形容词包括：a dvi sab le,d es i ra b le,essen ti al, imp era tiv e, imp or t an t, necessar y, o b l i ga t or y,p ro p er, di s p ensa b le, imp oss ib le,na t ural,sur p r i s i ng等明智的、可取的、必要的、必要性的、重要的、必需的、强制性的、适当的、可有可⽆的、不可能的、⾃然的、令⼈惊讶的3）表⽰“恐怕,担⼼,以免，万一”等,例如：if,les t,i n case,f orf ear th a t等，后 ⾯的从句⽤(s h oul d)+动词原形来虚拟 注意：这⾥的if不是引导条件句，⽽是表⽰“以防”、“万一”4)b e型虚拟还⽤于表⽰“祝愿”的特殊结构，通常是M a y+主语+动词原形 例： M a y y ou b e h a ppy. ⼏乎不考，了解即可~与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式（b e⽤w ere⽽不⽤w as)（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/w oul d/coul d/ mi g ht+动词原形与过去事实相反：（从句谓语动词）h a d+过去分词（主句谓语动词） s h oul d/ w oul d/coul d/mi g ht + h a v e+过去分词与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）1.s h oul d+动词原形2.动词过去式3.w ere t o+动词原形（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/ w oul d/ coul d/mi g ht +动词原形形式：s h oul d+动词原形，s h oul d 可以省略If it s h oul d ra i n t o m orro w, w e w oul d s t a y a t h o m e.If I w ere t o go t o th e m oon one d a y, I coul d see it with myo w n e y es.If y ou mi sse d th e fi l m t on i g ht, y ou w oul d f eel sorr y.If I h a d go t th ere earl i er, I s h oul d/coul d h a v e m e t h er.如果我早到那⼉，我就会⻅到她。
高考英语二轮专题语法系列--虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
(4) It worries me that…
如：
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？
2. 英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为
believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。如：
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊，对于要高考的同学们来说，那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿，简单来说，就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说，“要是我当时好好学习，现在就不会这么发愁了”，这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反，从句就得用“if ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were）”，主句呢，就得用“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨，说：“老师，要是我现在有超能力，一下子就能记住所有单词，那英语考试就不愁啦！”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词”，主句就得变成“主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
我记得有一次，一个同学考完试后懊悔地说：“哎呀，要是我考试前多做几道数学题，这次就不会错那么多了！”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的，从句可以是“if ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形；if ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形”，主句依然是“主语＋would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
想象一下，有同学说：“要是明天世界末日，今天我就啥也不学，尽情玩！”虽然这事儿不太可能，但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说，wish 后的宾语从句，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用 would/could ＋动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说：“真希望我现在是个学霸，啥题都会做！”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中，“It is ＋形容词（或过去分词）＋that”结构中，如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等，从句的谓语动词要用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中，虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点，也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况，它的用法多样，且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来，咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时（be 动词用 were），主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
例如：If I were you, I would take the job （如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。
）2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
比如：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam （如果你学习更努力些，你就会通过考试了。
）3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式：① should ＋动词原形；② were to ＋动词原形；③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
举个例子：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home （要是明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
）二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“would ／ could ＋动词原形”。
例如：I wish I were as tall as you （我希望我和你一样高。
）2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest（建议）、advise（建议）、insist（坚持要求）、order（命令）、demand（要求）等，从句谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
英语语法：宾语从句中用虚拟语气的10种类型
英语语法：宾语从句中用虚拟语气的10 种类型宾语从句用虚拟语气的10 种类型一、I wish 后的宾语从句动词wish 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去实行时; 若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have + 过去分词; 若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+ 动词原形。
如：I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn 't smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist 的宾语从句，从句谓语由“ should+ 动词原形” 构成，其中的should 在美国英语中通常能够省略。
如：I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist 后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气; 若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
比较：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
2023届高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
例：1. i wish (that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. when she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. now that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. when we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。
例：1. i wish (that可省略，下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
宾语从句的虚拟语气
宾语从句的虚拟语气一、宾语从句复习宾语的位置上放了一个句子，叫做宾语从句e.g He says that he will come.先找谓语，谓语是says,谓语后面是宾语，宾语上有个句子，所以是宾语从句。
he will come 是从句，连词that前面的谓语是句子的核心谓语，he says是主句。
二、虚拟语气语法中有两种语气，一种是我们平时使用的陈述语气，用于陈述事实。
另一种是虚拟语气，用于表达强烈的情感，如命令；或者用于表达主观意愿，如建议、要求、命令、愿望等。
表示命令的词：order，demand，command表示要求：request，require，insist（坚持要求）表示建议：suggest，propose表示愿望：desire主句谓语为以上的动词时，使用虚拟语气即主句谓语无论使用什么时态，从句谓语使用should+动词原形e.g.He demanded we should go to the cinema.先找谓语，谓语是demanded,谓语后面是宾语，宾语上有个句子，所以是宾语从句。
we should go to the cinema从句，连词that前面的谓语是句子的核心谓语，he demanded是主句。
主句谓语为demanded，表示命令，从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语为should+动词原形e.g.I suggest we should have a break.先找谓语，谓语是suggest,谓语后面是宾语，宾语上有个句子，所以是宾语从句。
we should have a break是从句，连词that前面的谓语是句子的核心谓语，I suggest是主句。
主句谓语为suggest，表示建议，从句使用虚拟语气，从句谓语为should+动词原形三、主语从句的特殊形态(1)It is/It was+形容词+that+句子e.g.It is certain that he will attend the meeting.他肯定会参加会议certain是形容词，it’s certain that后面加了一个句子，从句主语是he,谓语是will attend(2)It is/It was+名词+that+句子It is a miracle that he survived.他能活下来是个奇迹a miracle是名词，It is a miracle that后面加了一个句子，从句主语是he,谓语是survived(3)It is/It was+过去分词+that+句子It is reported that the murderer has been caught.杀手抓住了reported是过去分词，It is reported that后面加了一个句子，从句主语是the murderer,谓语是has been caught，使用了现在完成时，表示动作已经完成。
202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义
千里之行，始于足下。
202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法如下：1. 在宾语从句中，表示建议、要求、命令等意义时，宾语从句常用虚拟语气。
例如：- I suggest that he (should) study harder.（我建议他努力学习。
） - They demanded that the government (should) take action immediately.（他们要求政府立即采取行动。
）2. 表示假设、愿望或建议时，常用“should + 动词原形”作虚拟语气。
例如：- If I were you, I would tell the truth.（如果我是你，我会说实话。
）- I wish I could go on a vacation.（我希望能去度假。
）- It is important that she should arrive on time.（她能准时到达很重要。
）3. 在条件从句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况，常用虚拟语气。
例如：- If I were you, I would quit the job.（要是我是你，我会辞职。
） - If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（要是她学得更努力，她就能通过考试了。
）4. 在主语从句中，表示说话人的建议、命令等，常用虚拟语气。
例如：- It is necessary that we (should) take action now.（现在我们必须采取行动。
）- It is important that everyone (should) be prepared for the meeting.（每个人都要为会议做好准备很重要。
）第1页/共2页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
需要注意的是，有一些情况下虚拟语气的用法与陈述语气相同，例如“if”引导的条件状语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况时，可以使用“与过去事实相反的虚拟语气”或“与现在和将来事实相反的陈述语气”。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句编辑一、I wish后的宾语从句动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have + 过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should);若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。
注意如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that从句中的动词形式不变。
如：I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn ' t smoke.我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come dow n. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车将会来。
I wished I had n't spe nt so much mon ey. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“ should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如：I in sisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He in sisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose in sisted that he be prese nt. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective in sisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型一、I wish后的宾语从句动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或w ould / c ould+hav e +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用wou ld (c oul d)＋动词原形。
如：I wis h I coul d be ofsome use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’tsmoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wishprices w ould com e down.我希望物价能降下来。
I wis h the tr ain woul d come.我希望火车会来。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insi st的宾语从句，从句谓语由“sh ould+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如：Iinsisted that he(should) stay.我坚持要他留下。
He insi sted tha t I (sho uld) gowith the m. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose ins isted th at he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
Thedetectiv e insist ed thathe shoul d have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词ins ist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
高考英语语法全解-insist等引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法（附精选例题+习题和解析）
⾼考英语语法全解-insist等引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语⽓的⽤法（附精选例题+习题和解析）insist等表⽰命令、建议、要求类动词引导的从句中的虚拟语⽓的⽤法虚拟语⽓⽤在表⽰命令、建议、要求等⼀类动词后⾯的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表⽰"建议" 或"坚持要某⼈做某事时"，即它们⽤于其本意"暗⽰、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句⽤陈述语⽓。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong.例如：The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为insist 后的从句谓语要⽤“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语⽓。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、定义：虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1）表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2）表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3）表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4）※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
2023届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义
虚拟语气如何用（1）对现在状况的虚拟对现在状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用一般过去时，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（2）对过去状况的虚拟对过去状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
（3）对将来状况的虚拟对将来状况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。
should表示的可能性比较大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性比较小。
主句谓语动词用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
（4）错综时间条件句有时条件从句谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
此时主从句动词的形式应通过各自所表示的时间开展调整。
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.假如当时听我劝，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”形式。
）（5）表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词后的宾语从句常用“(should+)动词原形（6）wish后的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示现在的状况，用过去完成时表示过去的状况，用would/could do表示将来的状况。
（7）would rather 后的宾语从句would rather后的从句常用一般过去时形式，表示现在或将来的状况；用过去完成时，表示过去的状况（8）It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, right, essential, vital, etc.) that英语虚拟语气有什么用法一.定义: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的状况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的状况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 根据句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间定义虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)1.表示与现在事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形(should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于全部人称)a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示与将来事实相反的状况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式(be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种状况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 假如条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放到句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的详细时间a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以别的方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在状况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示与过去事实相反的状况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:假如表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来状况, 用should have done表示过去状况a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或期待未来有所改变a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.与名词suggestion建议/ advice 建议/ demand要求/ request要求/ order 命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用( should ) +动词原形a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式a. It is time we got up.九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来状况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去状况动词用过去完成时形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue。
2023届高考宾语从句中的虚拟语气课件
1 “wish”后的宾语从句
▪ (c)表示对将来的不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓 语用过去将来时。
▪ 主语+wish+从句（主语 +would/could/might+动词原形）
▪ I wish I could fly to the moon one day .
（我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去 。）
▪ “if”条件句 ▪ 宾语从句 ▪ 主语从句 ▪ 状语从句 ▪ 表语从句、同位语从句 ▪ 其它
1 “wish”后的宾语从句
▪ (a) 表示对现在事实的假设愿望，从句谓语用 一般过去时或过去进行时。
▪ 主语+wish+从句（主语+过去式+…）
▪ I wish I were as young as you.
▪ 在这类句型中只能用should，不可以用 would， could， might等别的词代替。而 在现代英语中，should 常被省略。
2 表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句
▪ 特殊：动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句 时
▪ 若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或 尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气。 insist—坚持要求；suggest—建议
▪ 主语+wish+从句（主语+had+过去分词 +…）
▪ I wish I had been here last night.
（我要是昨晚在这儿就好了。）
▪ He wishes he hadn’t spent so much money.
（他后悔不该花那么多钱。）
▪ I wish I had learned more.
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高考英语宾语从句中的虚拟语气
一、动词 wish，suggest，order，insist，propose等后面的宾语从句中常使用虚拟语气，此时宾语从句中的动词表示的是一种愿望和要求。
1. wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，要按“后退一步法”处理从句中谓语动词的时态。
[注意]：表示何时的愿望，与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而应根据从句的意义判断。
例如：
I wish I could fly.
我希望我能飞。
（用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的愿望）
I wish I had known it before.
我希望以前就对此事有所了解。
（用过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望，即与过去事实相反的愿望）
I wish you would stay a little longer.
我真希望你能多呆一会。
（用would＋动词原形表示对将来的愿望）
2. 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
这类动词包括：demand，suggest，order，insist，propose等。
这些动词后面的从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。
例如：
He insisted that all of us （should）be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时到那儿。
The teacher suggested that we （should）clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students （should）wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。
[注意]：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
例如：
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
他的表情暗示出他对我为他所做的事非常满意。
He insisted that he was honest.
他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
二、短语would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。
在这种结构中，从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时形式表示虚拟。
例如：
I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.
我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early？
为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床睡觉呢？。