第九章 定语从句的翻译(课堂讲练)

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中考定语从句讲解与练习精选全文完整版

中考定语从句讲解与练习精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版中考定语从句讲解与练习一、定语从句的概述在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词;引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。

定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词(先行词)之后。

例1:The boy who is reading a story book is my brother. 那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。

在这句话中,who is reading a story book.是定语从句。

它修饰、限定the boy,the boy是先行词,引导定语从句的who是引导词。

二、定语从句的分类:定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况,与先行词的关系非常密切,翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面;如果去掉,则整个句子的意思含混不清。

A doctor is a person who looks after people's health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人。

2. 非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用,译为汉语时常不译作定语,而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。

它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,既使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚。

非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开,如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。

Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.昨天,吉米动身到加拿大去了,他曾在那儿呆了两年。

三、定语从句的引导词引导定语从句的词称为引导词,它一方面连接先行词和定语从句;别一方面又在定语从句中充当句子成份,引导词一般不能按照疑问代词或疑问副词的意义进行翻译,一般情况下应译为“……的”。

定语从句的引导词可为分为关系代词和关系副词。

初中英语 --- 定语从句讲练(答案不全)

初中英语  ---  定语从句讲练(答案不全)

定语从句定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起定语的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部或部分内容。

定语从句分限制性定语参加和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句与它修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,他们之间没有逗号。

非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性,与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

定语从句一般放在被修饰的词之后。

由关系代词或关系副词引导。

1.关系词及其作用2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况(1)当先行词是everything,anything,something,nothing,all,none, little, few等时。

Is there anything that you don’t need? 有没有你们不需要的东西?(2)当先行词被every, any ,all,some, no, little,few, much等修饰时。

I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi. 我想看周星驰演的所以电影。

(3)当先行词被the only, the very 等修饰时。

This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。

(4)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen.这是我见到过的最漂亮的花。

(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。

They talked about the peoples and the book that interested them. 他们谈论了让他们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。

(6)当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which is the hotel that you like best. 你最喜欢哪家宾馆?3.只能使用关系代词which的几种情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。

定语从句与名词性从句讲练

定语从句与名词性从句讲练

定语从句与名词性从句讲练一.定语从句定义:放在名词或代词或先行句后的修饰他们的从句,常翻译为“什么的”。

引导词:that(人或物)/which(物)(主语或宾语);who(主/宾语),whom(宾语),whose(…的,做定语,指人或物)== the +名词of which(物)/whom(人);状语:where(前面的名词为地点),when(前面的名词为时间),why(放在reason的后面),as(主语,宾语,表语);介词+which/whom。

结构:1.名词/代词(先行词)+引导词+句子的其他成分;2.句子(先行句),引导词+句子的其他成分。

例句:1.The house that/which(主语)belongs to my uncle(定语从句) dates back to the Tang Dynasty.2.I will tell you the fact that/which(宾语) he told me.(定语从句中的宾语常省掉)3.I still remember the factory where(状语) we worked last summer.4.The reason why(状语) he was late was unknown.5.Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer.6.The earth goes around the sun,which/as is known to everyone.重点:一.区别that/which:只能用that的情况:1.先行词为不定代词everything,one,much,something…2.先行词前有little,much,the only/very/best…;3先行词有人和物时;4.先行词在主从句中都做表语。

只能用which的定语从句:放在介词后面和在非限制性定语从句中。

unit9 定语从句及课文解析

unit9 定语从句及课文解析

Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to一.单元重点词组:1.既然那样,假使那样的话________that ________2.坚持,固守____________to3.充足,大量____________of4. 关闭;停止运转____________off5.偶尔地,间或once in a______________6.考虑,思考_____________about7.依靠,取决于_________on 8.使…高兴_______...up 9.尽某人最大的努力______one’s_______ 10.及时______time 准时_________time 11.害怕______afraid of 12.乐器__________instruments 13.因…而著名be _____________for (2种) _____________14.查阅它们_______them_______ 15.总计in____________ 16.在某人的一生中during one’s______________ 17.到…结束时____________the end of 18.伴随…,同…一起______________with 19.空闲时间_________time 或_______time 20.为此,由于这个原因_________the reason 21. 不同种类的different _____________of 22.拉二胡_________ ________erhu 23.民间音乐___________music 24. 继续做某事_______________ 25. 伴着音乐跳舞________________________二.重点语法定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫_________.被修饰的词叫先行词. 定语从句放在先行词的____面。

九年级英语定语从句全面的定语从句讲解和练习,好 课件 北师大版全册

九年级英语定语从句全面的定语从句讲解和练习,好 课件 北师大版全册

He works in the shop The shop sells books. He works in the shop that/which sells books.
This is the book. I’m looking for the book. This is the book that/which I’m looking for.
Mary lives in the room. Its window faces South. Mary lives in the room whose window faces South.
定语从句高考点例析
考点一:that和which
以下情况,引导词用that,不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything ,anything, nothing , all , much , little。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用 that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
3.用法
关系代词:who (whom)I
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. The man who my brother likes most is Yao Ming
2. whom指人,作宾语
The girl that I met is Lucy.
A plane is a machine that can fly. Reader is the magazine that I like most.

《定语从句的翻译》课件

《定语从句的翻译》课件

名词修饰
用来限定或说明名词的具体 内容
位置
一般是在先行词后面,由关 系词引导
举例
我住在一个很漂亮的城市, 这个城市有许多著名的景点。
定语从句的作用
定语从句可以使句子更加具体,更加清晰,更加精确,使句子的表述更丰富多彩。例如:“买了3 个苹果的那个人是谁?”
1
具体化
可以使句子更加具体、精确、丰富
2
举例
先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
定语从句的引导词
用于引导定语从句的关系代词分为:who, whom, whose, which和that五种,其中which和that还可作为关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句。例如:“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who • whom • whose • which • that
宾语的定语从句。
查看练习题答案
检查答案和解析
继续练习
多加练习,熟能生巧
定语从句在口语和写作中的运用
在现代汉语口语和写作中,定语从句运用广泛,是表述语言的重要工具。例如:“那个坐在你后面的人,今天 上午迟到了吗?”
用于口语和写作
定语从句的运用广泛
表述更丰富多彩
为语言表述增加了更多的方式
定语从句的实际应用场景
英汉之间的翻译需要更多的思考
关系代词在定语从句中的作用
关系代词除了引导定语从句外,还在定语从句中充当成分。例如:“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who/that:在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 • whom/that:在定语从句中作宾语。 • which/that/whose:在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
• 注意是否需要重复先行词。 • 注意特殊用法,如省略关系代词、使用whose等。 • 注意关系代词的正确使用。

人教新目标英语九年级下册Unit9 定语从句讲解练习(共18张PPT).ppt

人教新目标英语九年级下册Unit9  定语从句讲解练习(共18张PPT).ppt

(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(3) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

THE END 17、一个人如果不到最高峰,他就没有片刻的安宁,他也就不会感到生命的恬静和光荣。2021/1/122021/1/122021/1/122021/1/12
谢谢观看
这里有人要和你说话。
要 点:
定语从句放在先行词之后,由关系代 词或关系副词 引导,关系词放在先行词和从
句中间。 关系代词:who, whom, that, which, whose 关系副词:when, where, why e.g. He is a man whom we should all learn from.
什么是定语从句:
概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从
句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某
一名词或代词,修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词。
e.g. Do you know the man (who came
to see Xiaowang this morning? )
定语从句
名 词 = 先行词
代词
e.g. There is somebody here (who wants to speak to you. )

英语翻译定语从句的译法课件

英语翻译定语从句的译法课件
7
即先译主句,然后将定语从句译成并列分句,有时也可以译成独 立的句子。这时要重复先行词或用代词、副词等来指代先行词或
整个句子。
o If you reach Chicago by train and
spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “ Windy City” .
.
o 你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃三 到五餐肉食,你拿她同她们(英国女 人)比,当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。
14
译成状语从句
o 有些定语从句从形式上看是定 语,但在意义上与主句有着逻 辑状语关系 ,起着主句的原因, 结果, 目的,条件,让步等状 语的作用,翻译时应该按照其 语法功能 ,译成汉语各种相应 的复句。
o 这位女记者想写篇文章,以便能够引起公众对 那起沉船事件的注意。 ( 目的状语)
4. You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.
o 你得小心谨慎,不能得罪老板,因为老板随时
a 前置译法 b 后置译法 c 合成译法 d 译成状语从句
3
前置译法
o 限制性定语从句往往要译成“ … ”这种句 型的前置定语结构,因为限制性定语从句与 所修饰的词关系密切,若分开译则会影响主 句意思的完整。
o 也有一些非限制性定语从句,或因结构较短, 或因与被修饰词关系较为密切,或因拆译后 将会造成译文结构松散,在这种情况下也可 以译成前置定语结构。
o There are many people who want to see the film.

定语从句的详尽讲解和相关练习.doc

定语从句的详尽讲解和相关练习.doc

学习必备定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

定语从句必须放在先行词之后,对其起限定作用。

例句分析: This is Xiao Wang.这是小王。

Xiao Wang gave us a talk yesterday小.王昨天给我们作了个报告。

我们可以将这两个句子合并为:This is Xiao Wang who (that) gave us a talk yesterday.(先行词)(定语从句)定语从句中的 who (that) 是关系代词,在这个定语从句中作定语从句的主语。

因为先行词是人,需用 who 或 that 引导定语从句。

在翻译时 who 不必译为“谁”,应译为“ 的”。

引导定语从句的关系代词,一是放在先行词与定语从句之间引导定语从句;二是在定语从句中充当某个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有:where,when,why一、who,whom,that 引导的定语从句。

这三个代词指人,它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。

1.who 在从句中作主语。

如:This is the doctor who camehere yesterday这.就是昨天来的医生。

2. Whom 在从句中作宾语,可以省略。

如:The man (whom)you saw lasy week has left the town.上周你看见的那个人已离开城镇了。

注意:在从句中着介词宾语时,介词一般可放在whom 之前,也可放在原来的位置上。

在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。

如:a. The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei . →The man whom Iborrowed the book from is Li Lei.我借书的那个南人是李磊。

定语从句的翻译(部分)

定语从句的翻译(部分)
性的的先行词既可以是单个的词,也可能为整个句子, 例如: This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
1. 译成定语“的”字结构
Nations will usually produce and export those goods in which they have the greatest comparative advantage, and import those items in which they have the least comparative advantage. 各国通常都生产和出口那些最具有比较优势的产品,而 进口那些最不具有比较优势的产品。 p. 95
2.译成谓语
翻译此类定语从句应该用溶合法,即将主句和从句溶合 在一起翻译。例如: It is a good machine that can work without power. 再好的机器也要有动力才能开动。 It is a long lane that has no turning. 再长的巷子也会有转弯的。
4. 译成连动式的一部分
为了行文方便,需要把主句、从句中的动词连起来一起翻 译,从而使句子显得连贯,符合汉语的表达习惯。 He took out a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly. 他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。 We will send the boy to Britain, where he can receive better education. 我们将要把这个孩子送到英国去接受更好的教育。

《定语从句的翻译》课件

《定语从句的翻译》课件
语言中的成语或固定短语既用于口头也见于书面。既 体现出该语言的特点又反映其民族特色。译时应全面理解 原文的含义和掌握深层的语气,将成语或固定短语自然、 恰当地运用其中。
另一种理论认为该地区的地 形是造成船只和飞机失踪的罪魁 祸首。
Many people have found these explanations difficult to believe.
后置法的应用可以将原文从句的关系代词按 顺序重复出来,也可以省略,或者将从句处理为 独立的句子。
He saw in front that white-haired old woman, whose eyes flashed red with anger. 他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老太太, 眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。(省略)
• 限制性定语从句翻译 – 前置法 – 后置法 – 融合法 – 转换法
定语从句是在英语中广泛 使用的语言现象。一般认为定 语从句在性质上有限制性和非 限制性定语从句之分。对定语 从句翻译的变通处理,通常体 现在对从句位置、类型和关系 的调整上。因此,在翻译定语 从句时,要根据句子承担的交 际功能和上下文语境来灵活处 理。这里先谈及限制性定语从 句的处理方法。
His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than what is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere. 与前一种人相反,另一种 人习惯于干得比他应该干 的要多,付给他多少报酬 他都乐于接受,这种人哪 里都很罕见。
如果从句结构较长、关系复杂,或译成汉语 前置定语词组太啰嗦而且不符合汉语表达习惯, 译者可以译成后置的并列分句。但是应注意分析 修饰和限定关系,安排符合原句意义表达的逻辑 关系。 A good deal went on in the farm which he — her father — did not know. 农庄里发生了许多事情,他 ─ 她 的父亲 ─ 并不知道。(并列)

_Unit9 SectionA 定语从句专项讲解课件人教版新目标英语 九年级全一册

_Unit9 SectionA 定语从句专项讲解课件人教版新目标英语 九年级全一册
结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
关系词
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词: when, where, why
关系代词: 指物:that which 指人:who (主/宾格) that whom(宾格)
✓当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导. Th_e_m__a_n _wh__o__l__iv_e_s_n_ex_t_t_o_u_s _is_a__
Is there anythin来自 that I can do for you?
He answered few questions that the teacher asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
I’ve just received the card. This is the card ( which / that ) I’ve just receiv
(作宾语) Practise:
1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.
2. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.
2. The e-mail _w_h__ic_h_/_t_h_a_t_ I received yesterday was from my sister.
3. I hate people ___w_h_o__/_t_h_a_t___ talk much but do little.

定语从句(中文附练习).ppt

定语从句(中文附练习).ppt

4、“名词(或代词)+介词+关系代词”结构 当“介词+关系代词”在定从中作定语时,用 此 特殊结构表达。这种结构中的介词常用 of ,表示 “所有的”,该介词位置不可改变,关系代词不 可 省。 Our school has eighty teachers, thirty of whom are women. (或of whom thirty) They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south. (或of which the door;或whose door) There are many books on the desk, some of which belong to Tim.
3当定语从句不是修饰一个确定的名词或代词而是修饰整个句子或其中一部分时用which意思是andthis
定语从句
一、关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as, but (否定关 系代词) 1、代表定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,即先行词。 2、在从句中担任一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语 定语。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. There is no one of us but wishes to go. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 二、关系副词 when, ere, why
相当于定语从句中相关的一个副词或介词短语。在定
语从句中作状语。
This is the place where I once lived. 比较:This is the place (that/which) I once visited. 需要注意的几个问题 一、限定性定语从句:是辨认先行词所代表的人或 物所 不可缺少的定语。不可去掉,否则意思不清 楚。关系代词在 从句中作宾语时,可以省略。主从句之间无逗号分开。从 句与先行词关系密切。 Those students who don’t pass the end-of-term exam may not join the English Group. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.

新九年级英语暑假讲义(人教版)第09讲定语从句-(学生版+解析)

新九年级英语暑假讲义(人教版)第09讲定语从句-(学生版+解析)

第09讲定语从句【学习目标】1.理解定语从句的含义2.认识定语从句的功能和作用3.掌握五个关系代词和三个关系副词的用法【基础知识】一、定语从句(一):1、含义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的,当定语的从句叫定语从句。

2、分类定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1).限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,如: I was a top boy that everyone likes me.2).非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,若省去,意思仍完整。

如:Michael Jackson, who is the greatest singer in the world, passed away in 2010.3、先行词与关系词1)、被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

例如:I like the house which we live in.先行词关系词定语从句2)、关系词关系代词指人:who作主或宾语, whom在句中作宾语指物:which作主语,宾语指人或物:that作主语、宾语、表语,whose作定语关系副词指时间:when作时间状语指地点:where作地点状语指原因:why 作原因状语4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。

二、定语从句(二)1.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。

1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。

There is nothing that I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。

UNIT9语法定语从句讲练九年级全册英语教学精美课件(人教版)

UNIT9语法定语从句讲练九年级全册英语教学精美课件(人教版)
先行词是物 关系代词用that/which 在从句中作宾语,可以省略 He prefers music(that he can sing along with.) He prefers music(which he can sing along with.)
He prefers music(he can sing along with.) Do you still remember what kind of musicians Xu Fei likes?
探究二:关系词(引导词)的用法
关系词引导定语从句, 指代先行词, 并在从句中作一定成分, 如作主语、宾 语或状语等。用来引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose。本单元我们重点讲解that, who和which引导的定语从句。
探究二:关系词(引导词)的用法
1. China is a country which/that has a long history.
2. This is the book which/that my mother bought me yesterday.
3. The man who/that is standing by the door is her brother.
Review
Observe the underlined parts.
Presentation Grammar
定语从句
1.定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词 或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
She prefers friends who are outgoing. I still remember the summer holiday that we spent together.
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第九章定语从句的翻译(课堂讲练)本章教学目标:掌握定语从句基本的翻译技巧并灵活运用。

课堂讲练:定语从句(ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE)有限制性定语从句(RESTRICTIVE)与非限制性定语从句(NON- RESTRICTIVE)区分,就意义讲,限制性定语从句与先行词(ANTECEDENT)的关系密不可分,用于限定先行词,非限制性定语从句则用于补充说明、描述或解释先行词。

只将定语从句简单翻译成“的”,显然无法解决全部汉译问题。

可供选择的翻译方法有:一、前置法(将定语从句直接翻译翻译为汉语句子中的前置定语,也称为顺译方法)例1、1)、The Credit Agreement made between and by Party A and Party C shall come into force on the day on which the Collateral Management between and by Party A and Party B is executed .参考译文:甲丙双方签订的信贷协议在甲乙双方的质押物管理协议签署之日生效。

2)、Individual rights and freedom are assured in the Constitution and are listed in the first 10 amendments called the “Bill of Rights”, which were added in 1791.参考译文:个人权利和自由在宪法中得到保障,并在1791年载入增添的(或载入1791年增添的)最初10项修正案,统称为“人权法案“。

3)、Any Proprietary Information obtained by the Joint Venture or a Party may be disclosed only to the designated employees of the Joint Venture or that Party whose duties so require for the implementation of this Contract.参考译文:合营企业或一方获得的任何专有信息,只能披露给合营企业或该方指定的雇员,为合同执行, 其职责要求其知悉这些信息(或:只能披露给为合同执行其职责要求其知晓这些信息的合营企业或该方指定雇员)。

小结:不论限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句都可使用前置法,采取前置法的标准是定语从句本身结构较为简单,在中心词前面加上定语从句不会导致修饰语过分冗长,以致于不符合汉语阅读习惯。

4)、Confidential information obtained in entry into and performance of this Contract shall be kept by Parties hereto in a safe place with access only to such Parties’ employees or agents who need to know said information for the purposes hereof and have irrevocably undertaken in writing that they will keep said information confidential.(思考:该句能否使用前置方法翻译?)参考译文:合同方应将在订立和履行本协议过程中获得的机密信息保存在安全的地方,可以接触到此类信息的人,仅限于为实施本合同需要知悉该信息,并且已经书面保证对该信息保密的合同方的雇员或代理人(---的地方,仅有为实施本合同需要知悉该信息,并且已经书面保证对该信息保密的合同方雇员或代理人能够知悉)。

二、后置法(即把定语从句放在先行词之后,作为并列分句翻译出来,根据句子情况,重复或省略关系代词或关系副词)例2、1)、The Buyer shall have the right to make an inspection of the delivered goods under this Contract, which shall be completed within 15 days after the receipt of the aforesaid goods.参考译文:买方有权检查交付的合同货物,该检查应在收到货物的15天内完成(也可以是:买方有权并应在收到货物的15天内完成对合同货物的检查)。

2)、Neither party hereto shall assign this Agreement in whole or in part without the other party’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld by the other Party..参考译文:本协议任何一方不得转让本协议的全部或部分,除非征得另一方事先书面同意,对此,该另一方不得无理拒绝同意。

3)、The licensee shall give the Licensor in writing full particulars of any use or proposed use byany other person, company of a trade name, trademark, or get-up of goods, means of promotion or advertising which amounts to or is likely to amount to infringement of the rights of the Licensor in relation to the Licensed Trademarks or contravention of the Anti-unfair Competition Law as soon as it becomes aware of such use or proposed use.参考译文:一旦获悉任何其他个人、公司使用或拟使用的商品名称、商标、商品装饰、促销或广告手段,构成或可能构成对许可方有关受许可商标权利的侵犯或违反反不正当竞争法,受许可方应以书面形式将详细情况通知许可方。

小结:后置法既可用于限制性定语从句,也可用于非限制性定语从句。

如果定语从句冗长、复杂,如作为前置定语修饰先行词,将使译文的修饰语过于冗长,不符合汉语表达习惯,采用后置法,可以避免这一情况。

有时,在采取重复法重复先行词的时候,可以用“此、其”等代词代替先行词。

三、译成状语从句有时,定语从句在逻辑上与主句之间形成目的、原因、结果、条件或让步关系,此种情况下,可以考虑将其翻译成状语从句。

例3、1)、Party A hereto, who thinks that there exists discrepancy between the particulars of the Goods actually delivered and that of such Goods described in the Delivery Note, shall immediately notify Party B thereof.参考译文:如果甲方认为实际交付的货物的细节与交货单上的描述不一致,应立即通知乙方。

(表条件)2)、The dispute in connection with this contract or arising out of the implementation of such contract, which is complicated, has been solved by arbitration.参考译文:与合同或与合同履行有关的争议,虽然复杂,但已经通过仲裁解决了。

(表让步)3)、If , after the execution of this Contract, the government adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Contract, or which materially and adversely affects a party’s economic benefit under this Contract, the affected party shall notify in writing thereof to the other party.参考译文:如果本合同签订后,政府实行任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例,修改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何规定,或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予新的解释或采用新的实施方法,与本合同发生冲突,或对一方基于本合同享有的经济利益造成实质性的不利影响,受影响一方应书面通知另一方该情况。

(表结果)课后作业:1、Confidential Information includes without limitation information (a) that has been expressly marked as confidential; (b) whose confidential nature has been made known by Parties or Clients; or (c) that a reasonable person under like circumstances will treat keep as confidential.参考译文:机密信息包括但不限于下列信息:(1)、其已被称为“机密”;(2)、其机密性质已为合同方或客户所知;或(3)、有理性的人在同等情况下会将其视作机密信息对待。

2、Should any Party be directly prevented from or delayed in performing this Contract by any event of force majeure and other unforeseen events, the happening and consequences of which are unpreventable and unavoidable, the affected Party shall notify the other Party within fifteen (15) days thereafter.参考译文: 如果任何一方直接因不可抗力事件或其他其发生与后果不可预见、不可避免的意外事件而不能或者延迟履行本合同,受影响的一方应在此后15日内通知另一方该情况。

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