第十一课时 主谓一致和特殊句式.doc
特殊句式与主谓一致
专题十二
特殊句式与主谓一致
特殊句式在近几年高考中是常考的内容，学 习时必须弄清以下几点 (1)全部倒装和部分倒装如何使用。 (2)强调句的基本结构：一般疑问式、特殊疑问式。 (3)强调结构与定语从句的混合使用。
②“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句作状语放在句首，主句 要采用部分倒装。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他 回来时，我们才查明了真相。
③“so＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面所说 的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物；“neither/nor＋助动词/be 动 词/情态动词十主语”，表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他 人或物。 I am watching TV. So is she.我在看电视。她也是。 My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I．我父母昨晚没看电视，我也没看。
[答案] injured
2．Let us have a go，__________you?
[答案] will
3．It was at the street__________Mary met him.
[答案]
that
4．__________was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
21版：主谓一致和特殊句式(步步高)
主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致考点一语法一致原则由and 连接的两个名词作主语“a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
“a(n)/the＋名词单数＋and＋a(n)/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
通常由两个部件组成的物品如a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
单句语法填空1．The teacher and poet often gives(give) lectures around the city.2．The teacher and the poet have(have) just arrived.3．Every boy and every girl has(have) the right to receive education in our country.4．Bread and butter is(be) not to his taste.5．Is(be) fifty pounds enough?6．Two-thirds of the books are(be) about science.7．Only 30% of the work was done(do) yesterday.8．Nobody but Jim and Mike is(be) on the playground now.考点二意义一致原则谓语动词必须用单数的情况表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解
主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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高考英语 特殊句式 高中英语中主谓一致的用法复习课件 牛津版
单数形式的名词与谓语动词的一致 之 “两个形容词+一个单形名词”
在“两个形容词+一个单形名词”结构中，单 数名词如有复念（即代表两个事物），则 用复数动词
The red and the white rose are both beautiful.
English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.
致 八、代词与动词的一致 九、数词与动词的一致
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一、单数形式的名词与谓语动词的 一致之单形集体名词
1.单形集体名词被视为一个整体时，用作单数名词 Our family has a reunion every year.
2. 单形集体名词被视为若干个体时，则要求复数动 词 His family are waiting for him.
• 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语 动词用单数。
The crowd were surrounding the government official. Maths is hard to learn.
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三、就近原则
• 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 最靠近它的主语。 例如： There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
3. 含单数概念的复形名词要求用单数动词 His works (工厂)is rather small.
4. 表时间，距离，钱额的复数名词用单数动词
Ten years is a moment in history.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum. 5. 外来的复形名词要求用单数动词
完整版英语语法主谓一致
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语（1 为复数，谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为（2 复数，谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
3（并列主语的谓语一致1.Andand连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。
（1）两个单数名词用Tom and Jack are close friends. 连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割）两个单数名词用and（2 的整体时，谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，and等限定的单数名词由many a，no（3）被every，each，后一个限定词可以省略。
many …………andno……and……no, many a，……every ……and every，each……and……each 。
aEach boy and (each) girl has an apple.连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种）一个单数名词被几个用4and（名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数）由and连接的两个（5 （言行不一致）What he says and does do not agree.What he says and does does not concern me.谓语动词常和邻近连接的并列主语，2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor 的主语一致。
高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第11讲 特殊句式和主谓一致课件 北师大版
park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许 他这样做。
3．so/not 构成替代省略 英语中还常常用 so/not 等来代替省略的肯定内容或 否定内容，so/not 多跟在 I'm afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe 等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似 的用法，如：if so/if not 等。
3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的 so, such 连 同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时， 主句要用部分倒装。
So suddenly did he catch the disease that
the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，
Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off.
直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知 道水供给为什么会被切断。
2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行 部分倒装。
Was it in the park that he met our new
teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问 词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
注意：强调句型也可用于宾语从句中，但 注意语序要用陈述句语序。
高考英语第二部分语法核心突破第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式练习含解析
第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式李仕才[感悟高考]1.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷)A.whoB.whereC.whichD.that答案 D [句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
根据关键词It was 开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。
故选D。
]2.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017· 江苏卷)A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案 C [先行词是The publication Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。
句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
]3.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津卷)A.regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards答案 B [句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。
根据动词短语regard...as...把……看做……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
高中英语语法：主谓一致-讲解与练习
主谓一致Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is true.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.What I say and do has nothing to do with you.★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine.The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.2.―单数名词+ and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
高中英语课件专题十一 主谓一致与特殊句式
The old are taken good care of here. 在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。 (4)a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复 数，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后名词的数以及其表示的意 义；quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动 词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. ＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的 形式要与先行词保持一致。
I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure.
我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。 (5)“many a 或 more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时， 即使有 and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
(2)主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引 起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 (3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词 用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人 或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。
高考英语 语法 特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)课件
解析： 解析 ：
考查省略。句意为：教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶， 考查省略 。 句意为 ： 教授看到我们 ， 虽然很惊讶 ， 但还
是热情地欢迎了我们。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。 项为谓语动词形 是热情地欢迎了我们。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。 B项为谓语动词形 式 ， 故 排 除 ； 分 析 句 子 结 构 可 知 though 后 面 省 略 了 主 语 和 谓 语 the professor was，而surprising表示事物的性质和特征，不符合语境；D项 ， 表示事物的性质和特征， 表示事物的性质和特征 不符合语境； 项 在结构上不正确。 表示人的心理感受，故答案为C项 在结构上不正确。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案为 项。 答案： C 答案：
3．(2011·烟台检测 ． 烟台检测)He is rather difficult to make friends with，but 烟台检测 ， his friendship，________，is more true than any other. ， ， A．once gained ． C．after gaining ． B．when to gain ． D．while gaining ．
2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将 /was 提前， 特殊疑问句的结构 ．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前， /was提前 从句” 是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。 疑问词＋is/ ＋ ＋ 从句 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ Why was is that you didn’t come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？
英语语法——特殊句式与主谓一致
Thispairof shoesismine.
Fivepairsof shoeshavebeen sold out in the morning.
主谓倒装句中
谓语与它后面的主语一致
Therecomesthe bus. Suchwerehis words.这就是他的原话
population“人口”
谓语用单数
The population of Canada is 29 million.
有分数修饰，谓语最好用复数
Just under a third of the population now are smoking.
(4)主语为抽象名词news；学科名词maths, physics；专有名词James, the United States；游戏运动名词billiards台球
谓语用单数
The United States was founded in 1776.成立
Physics is very interesting.
clothes, goods, works(著作),the Olympic Games
谓语用复数
The expensive clothes were made specially for the beautiful princess.
Is there anything wrong with your bike?
Everything is ready for the sports meeting.运动会
不定式、动名词做主语
谓语用单数
To teach is to learn.教学相长Playing with fire is dangerous.
2020广东中考英语第十一节 句子种类、简单句和主谓一致
What exciting news! ( 本句没有主谓,最后一词是news,名词, 故用what )多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
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英语
( D )1.( 2019广东 )
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英语
②how long意为“多长”,提问事物的长度。 使用时要注意与how far的区别。how far强调某两个地点 之间的距离,在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点。how long提 问单个事物本身的长短,与距离无关。如: —How long is the Great Wall?长城有多长? —Around 6,700 kilometers long.约6,700千米长。 —How long is the sofa? 沙发有多长? —It’s two meters long.两米长。
表示两地间距离的短语常见的有five kilometers( 五千米 ), a few miles( 数英里 ), ten minutes’ walk( 十分钟的步行路 程 ), three hours’ ride( 三小时的车程 )等。
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英语
( 3 )how long有两种用法 ①how long意为“多长时间、多久”,提问一段时间,这是其主 要用法。 表示一段时间的短语有:“for+一段时间” 意为“长达……”, 如for four days( 长达四天 );“since+时间点或时间状语从句” 意为“自从……以来”,如since 1968/yesterday/two days ago( 自从1968年/昨天/两天前以来 )等。
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英语
英语特殊句式之主谓一致
高考英语语法复习专题------ 特殊句式一、考点聚焦主谓一致1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
The number of students in our school is 1,700.Mary and Kelly look alike.2、意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The crowd were runing for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。
（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics 等。
3、就近原则。
即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
Either you or I am mad.4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。
①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。
My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。
Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。
主谓一致和特殊句式
1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有 with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including， in addition to 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由 or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与 最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由 there，here 引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动 词用单数。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。 ◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 ◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 二、主谓一致的 3 种特殊情况
高考总复习特殊句式和主谓一致
• 3．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_______his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆(zhònɡ ) qìnɡ)
• 4．_________(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2014北京)
were • 7．did China perform 8.stood a girl
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•强调(qiáng diào)句型与祈使句
• 一、 强调句型 • 1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强
调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，被强调 的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 • 2．如果原句中含有“not…until”，在强调 时间状语时，将主句(zhǔ jù)中的否定词not连同 状语一起提前。
• 1．连词(though，whether，when)＋形容词 • Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll
regret. • 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
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• 2．连词(liáncí)(whether，as if，while)＋介词短 语
• He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.
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• 4．as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表 语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式 为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主 语＋其他(qítā)(though引导的从句也可用正常语 序)。
主谓一致和特殊句式
A. is going to
B. are going to
C. was going to
D. were going to
【解析】选A。考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：史密斯博士
还有他的妻子和女儿们准备今年夏天去北京参观。主语中心
词是Dr. Smith, 表单数, 谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this
read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to
understand.
A. are；are B. is；is
C. are；is
D. is; are
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：像莎士比亚那样的诗人
在世界范围内拥有大量的读者，但是，他的一些作品却很难
你的学生们中的一个去参加。either . . . or. . . . 连接两个主语,
按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。根据one of your students 谓
语应用单数形式，故选B。
13. (2012·江西高考)Never before ______ seen anybody who
can play tennis as well as Robert.
该用单数, 排除A、D两项。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子用一
般现在时, 排除C, 故选B。
6. (2010·湖南高考)Listening to loud music at rock concerts
______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is
A. is
B. are
C. will be
D. was
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意：目前，人们赞成建一座
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第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京卷)A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed答案A[句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。
根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。
] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津卷)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where答案B[去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。
]3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷)A.whoB.whereC.whichD.that答案D[句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。
故选D。
]4.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏卷) A.is B.areC.wasD.were答案C[先行词是Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。
句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
]5.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all－round forms of exercise.(2017·天津卷)A.regardB.is regardedC.are regardedD.regards答案B[句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。
根据动词短语regard...as...把……看作……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A 和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
]6.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津卷)A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that答案D[句意：你等错地方了，长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。
分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。
]主谓一致一、语法一致原则1. 动名词、动词不定式、主语从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
2. 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
3. and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。
A famous writer and poet is to give a talk.一位著名的作家兼诗人将要做一次报告。
4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
在“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。
如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。
It is I who am going to be a pilot.是我将成为一名飞行员。
Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
5. “more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
二、意义一致原则1. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.全班学生都在做实验。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们星球的表面百分之七十都被水覆盖着。
3.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.→With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
A number of students have gone for an outing.许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。
三、就近一致原则1.当or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。
2.在here，there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.教学楼在两排树之间。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil－box.→There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil－box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
特殊句式1 倒装句一、完全倒装完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
这种结构须满足四个条件：1.here, there, out, then, thus等副词置于句首2.谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, rush等表示来去或状态的动词3.主语是名词不能是代词4.谓语动词的时态是一般现在时或一般过去时Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。