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一般将来时 4.They held a sports meeting last week. 一般过去时 5.Are you doing your homework ? 现在进行时
已学习过的时态
名称 时间 一般现在时 平时，经常
现在进行时 正在进行
动词形式 1.v原形 2. v三单
am/is/are+v-ing
2.转换成be+名词
join the army
join the Party go to school
be a soldier be a Party member be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词 die leave close be dead finish be over begin
注：瞬间动词在完成时态的否定式中可以接一段时间 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
常用的瞬间动词有：
come ，go, die, become begin, borrow, join, buy arrive, finish, return, leave, open, close
注：对for或since引导的时间状语 提问，必须用how long, 不能用 when.
I have been in Fuzhou for two months. →How long have you been in Fuzhou?
Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. →How long has Linda studied Chinese ?
一、现在完成时的构成
have/has+动词的过去分词（done）
二、基本句式构成
1.肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。 I have seen the film. 2.否定句: 主语+have/has+not +过去分词+其他。 I haven't seen the film. 3.一般疑问句 Have/has+ 主语+过去分词+其他? Yes, 主语+have/has. / No, 主语+have/hasn’t. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
练习：用for 或since 填空
1. 2. 3. 4. ______ two years ______ two years ago ______ last month _______1999
5. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
6. We haven’t seen each other ____ a long time.
巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换 “开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”
1 begin 2 leave 3 go be on be away from be off 6 return 7 join 8 die 9 buy 10 arrive be back be in be dead have be here
3）ABC型（三种都不一样） fly-flew-flown break-broke-broken take-took-taken write-wrote-written
4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become
另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。 1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy borrow have catch (get) a cold have a cold be
keep come/go /become
1.will/shall+v原形 一般将来时 即将，计划 1.will/shall+v 原形 2.be going to going +v原形 to +v原 2.am/is/are 形 1.v-ed （规则动词） 一般过去时 过去（与现 1.v-ed （规则动词） 在无关） 不规则动词 2.2. 不规则动词 过去进行时 过去某一时 was/were+v-ing was/were+v-ing 间，在进行
.
2. since+
(1) 过去的时间点 (2) 时间段+ago (3) 从句 （一般过去时）
Linda has studied Chinese since 2007.
Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. Linda has studied Chinese since she was 4 years old.
判断正误：
1.我买了这台电脑五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.
7. Jerry has worked here __ he came to China.
五、延续性动词和非延续性动词
动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词， 延续性动词可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性 动词则不行。 非延动词又叫瞬间动词或短暂性动词词，它可以有现在完 成时态，但不可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用；如果要 接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
(从3年前开始,持续到现在还在学) He has lived in Fuzhou since 2006.
（2006年开始住在福州，持续到现 在还在福州。）
注：此种用法中表示持续 动作或状态的动词必须是 延续性动词（否定句除外）
forቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ和since的用法
1. for+时间段
He has studied English for 3 years
⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.
练习:
1.He died 10 years ago. — He ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. —He _____the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. —He _____the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. — He_____here since three days ago. 5. The film began 30 minutes ago. — The film ____ for 30 minutes.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
练习
改为否定句和一般疑问句并作肯否回答
I have opened the window
三、动词的过去分词
动词的过去分词有规则形式 和不规则形式两种，规则形式 同过去式的规则形式。不规则 形式需特殊记忆，可分为四类： AAA型、ABB型、ABC型和ABA型。
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词
1）AAA型（三种形式都一样） cost-cost-cost hit-hit-hit put-put-put set-set-set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught find-found-found stand-stood-stood
I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
4 borrow keep 5 come be here
类似的转换还有
open --- be open finish--- be over get married---be married catch a cold---have a cold arrive/reach---be in/at
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 不能说“He has left for three years.”
练习
写出下列动词的过去分词
• • • • • • • • • 1.wake ______ 2. sell ________ 3. ride _______ 4. choose ______ 5. think _______ 6. drive ______ 7. bring ______ 8. teach ______ 9. throw ______ 10. pay _____ 11. see ___ 12. eat _____ 13. give _______
四、现在完成时的用法 及其时间状语
1、表示过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现
在造成的影响或结果， (汉语中常用“已经”、 “过”、“了”等表达） 常与already, yet ， never, ever, just, before等时间状语连用。
They have already left. (他们已经离开了，人不在这里 )
现在完成时
• 现在完成时的构成 • 现在完成时几种基本句式的构成 • 动词的过去分词 • 现在完成时的用法及其时间状语 • 延续性动词与非延续性性动词 • 与一般过去时的用法比较 • have /has been to，have / has gone to，have / has been in的用法区别
I have never heard of him. (我从来没有听说过他。对这个人一无所知)
2、表示过去已经开始，持续 到现在的动作或状态，常与 for+时间段、since+过去的时 间点、so far等连用。
•
I have learnt English for three years.
我已经学了三年的英语。
be asleep
be open
be on
be away fall sleep
be closed open
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school
join the army
be in school
be in the army
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
判断下列句子的时态
1.She works in a factory. 一般现在时
2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 过去进行时 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.
已学习过的时态
名称 时间 一般现在时 平时，经常
现在进行时 正在进行
动词形式 1.v原形 2. v三单
am/is/are+v-ing
2.转换成be+名词
join the army
join the Party go to school
be a soldier be a Party member be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词 die leave close be dead finish be over begin
注：瞬间动词在完成时态的否定式中可以接一段时间 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
常用的瞬间动词有：
come ，go, die, become begin, borrow, join, buy arrive, finish, return, leave, open, close
注：对for或since引导的时间状语 提问，必须用how long, 不能用 when.
I have been in Fuzhou for two months. →How long have you been in Fuzhou?
Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. →How long has Linda studied Chinese ?
一、现在完成时的构成
have/has+动词的过去分词（done）
二、基本句式构成
1.肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。 I have seen the film. 2.否定句: 主语+have/has+not +过去分词+其他。 I haven't seen the film. 3.一般疑问句 Have/has+ 主语+过去分词+其他? Yes, 主语+have/has. / No, 主语+have/hasn’t. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
练习：用for 或since 填空
1. 2. 3. 4. ______ two years ______ two years ago ______ last month _______1999
5. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
6. We haven’t seen each other ____ a long time.
巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换 “开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”
1 begin 2 leave 3 go be on be away from be off 6 return 7 join 8 die 9 buy 10 arrive be back be in be dead have be here
3）ABC型（三种都不一样） fly-flew-flown break-broke-broken take-took-taken write-wrote-written
4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become
另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。 1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy borrow have catch (get) a cold have a cold be
keep come/go /become
1.will/shall+v原形 一般将来时 即将，计划 1.will/shall+v 原形 2.be going to going +v原形 to +v原 2.am/is/are 形 1.v-ed （规则动词） 一般过去时 过去（与现 1.v-ed （规则动词） 在无关） 不规则动词 2.2. 不规则动词 过去进行时 过去某一时 was/were+v-ing was/were+v-ing 间，在进行
.
2. since+
(1) 过去的时间点 (2) 时间段+ago (3) 从句 （一般过去时）
Linda has studied Chinese since 2007.
Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. Linda has studied Chinese since she was 4 years old.
判断正误：
1.我买了这台电脑五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.
7. Jerry has worked here __ he came to China.
五、延续性动词和非延续性动词
动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词， 延续性动词可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性 动词则不行。 非延动词又叫瞬间动词或短暂性动词词，它可以有现在完 成时态，但不可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用；如果要 接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
(从3年前开始,持续到现在还在学) He has lived in Fuzhou since 2006.
（2006年开始住在福州，持续到现 在还在福州。）
注：此种用法中表示持续 动作或状态的动词必须是 延续性动词（否定句除外）
forቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ和since的用法
1. for+时间段
He has studied English for 3 years
⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.
练习:
1.He died 10 years ago. — He ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. —He _____the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. —He _____the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. — He_____here since three days ago. 5. The film began 30 minutes ago. — The film ____ for 30 minutes.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
练习
改为否定句和一般疑问句并作肯否回答
I have opened the window
三、动词的过去分词
动词的过去分词有规则形式 和不规则形式两种，规则形式 同过去式的规则形式。不规则 形式需特殊记忆，可分为四类： AAA型、ABB型、ABC型和ABA型。
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词
1）AAA型（三种形式都一样） cost-cost-cost hit-hit-hit put-put-put set-set-set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught find-found-found stand-stood-stood
I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
4 borrow keep 5 come be here
类似的转换还有
open --- be open finish--- be over get married---be married catch a cold---have a cold arrive/reach---be in/at
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 不能说“He has left for three years.”
练习
写出下列动词的过去分词
• • • • • • • • • 1.wake ______ 2. sell ________ 3. ride _______ 4. choose ______ 5. think _______ 6. drive ______ 7. bring ______ 8. teach ______ 9. throw ______ 10. pay _____ 11. see ___ 12. eat _____ 13. give _______
四、现在完成时的用法 及其时间状语
1、表示过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现
在造成的影响或结果， (汉语中常用“已经”、 “过”、“了”等表达） 常与already, yet ， never, ever, just, before等时间状语连用。
They have already left. (他们已经离开了，人不在这里 )
现在完成时
• 现在完成时的构成 • 现在完成时几种基本句式的构成 • 动词的过去分词 • 现在完成时的用法及其时间状语 • 延续性动词与非延续性性动词 • 与一般过去时的用法比较 • have /has been to，have / has gone to，have / has been in的用法区别
I have never heard of him. (我从来没有听说过他。对这个人一无所知)
2、表示过去已经开始，持续 到现在的动作或状态，常与 for+时间段、since+过去的时 间点、so far等连用。
•
I have learnt English for three years.
我已经学了三年的英语。
be asleep
be open
be on
be away fall sleep
be closed open
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school
join the army
be in school
be in the army
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
判断下列句子的时态
1.She works in a factory. 一般现在时
2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 过去进行时 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.