峨眉山风景区英语公示语常见误译指正
功能翻译视角下峨眉山旅游景区公示语汉英翻译失误探析
功能翻译视角下峨眉山旅游景区公示语汉英翻译失误探析作者：唐瑞来源：《黑龙江教育学院学报》2016年第11期摘要：在这个全球经济一体化的世界，越来越多的外国旅客怀着对中华悠久历史的向往来到中国各大旅游景区，这对旅游景区公示语的英译工作提出了更高的要求。
以功能目的翻译理论为理论依托，以旅游名山峨眉山景区公示语翻译为示例，解读理论，分析个例，并在此基础上提出规范景区公示语译文的对策。
关键词：功能翻译；公示语英译；峨眉山景区中图分类号：H315.9文献标志码：A文章编号：10017836（2016）11012403引言公示语是一种实用性文体，它广泛地在人类生活的各个方面进行应用，展示给广大民众。
它被认为是一种交际的工具，通过公示语，人们可以快速获取有用的信息[1]。
随着四川与世界之间交流和联系的日益频繁，作为向世界展示四川旅游形象的一扇窗口，越来越多的四川旅游景区的公示语都通过汉语和英语的双语形式进行展示。
但是，大部分旅游景区公示语的英译都存在或多或少的问题。
因为景区的公示语是游客获取旅游地信息的重要来源，因此，公示语英译的失误会让外国游客对旅游景区信息产生误解[2]，极大地影响了当地旅游文化的传递。
本文将功能翻译理论运用于公示语的英译中，对四川峨眉山旅游景区公示语英译的失误进行评析，并提出改善公示语英译的对策。
一、功能翻译理论概述功能翻译派理论起源于20世纪70年代，其代表人物为德国的语言学家赖斯。
在其1971年出版的《翻译批评的可能性与限定》一书中，功能派翻译理论雏形得以初步展现。
赖斯认为，广大译者应当“把翻译行为所要达到的目的”作为一种崭新的模式应用在翻译创作中。
传统的翻译理论往往强调译文与原文的一一对应，即“等值观”[3]。
而目的论则彻底推翻了这种翻译规则，它将译文的预期功能作为翻译的根本目的，并以此作为选择最佳的翻译策略的依据。
根据翻译的目的论，译者的翻译行为由翻译最终需要达到的目的决定。
弗米尔在老师赖斯的帮助下继承并发展了赖斯的理论。
旅游景区汉英公示语的meiyong
Chapter Two Literature ReviewBefore a thorough review of literature available on the topic, let’s examine two examples, 1) 爱护文物，人人有责 (The Great Wall, App 1)A: Everybody should protect cultural relics.B: Please help to protect the cultural relics.2) 美景深藏蔚竹庵 (Mount Laoshan, App 2)A: Beautiful sights are hidden in the Weizhu Nunnery.B: For beautiful sight, please come to Weizhu Nunnery.Example 1) is a public sign at Badaling. Example 2) is a public sign in the Mount Laoshan in Qingdao. The first example calls for travelers to protect the cultural relics; the second advices travelers to visit the sight. Version A of both examples may be proper if they are used elsewhere. However in scenic spots, they are not regarded as quite satisfactory. Version As did not arouse enough attention of target readers (foreign travelers). That is they fail to exert the same effect on a target reader as the original (source text) on a source text reader (Chinese traveler). Although version Bs are different from the original in sentence structure and tone, they read more attractive. And they almost have the same functions as that of the source text. According to different purposes, the above two examples can be translated in different ways. English public signs in scenic spots are in the service of target readers. Their reaction should be taken into prime consideration. Translations in functional approach can best serve target readers. So the functional approach to translation is the key theory discussed in this thesis.2.1 Review of the Functional ApproachChristiane Nord defines “functionalism” as follows,Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation in this way. Although what will call Skopostheorie has played a major role in the development of this trend; a number of scholars subscribe to functionalism and draw inspiration from Skopostheorie without calling them anything like “skopos”. We shall thus be looking at functionalism as a broad approach, trying to distinguish between its parts wherever possibleand necessary (Nord, 2001: 1)From what Nord defines in her book, we may understand that functionalism is a broad concept, pooling together a variety of scholars and theirs approaches to translation. Functional approach includes the German school with Katharina Reiss as the founder, British scholar Peter Newmark and his semantic vs. communicative translation as well as American scholar Eugene. A. Nida and his functional equivalence.In the German school the best known names are Katharina Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer and Christiane Nord. As founder of Skopostheorie, Reiss first established a general relationship between translation strategies and text functions. Reiss’s student Vermeer put forward the concept of Skopostheorie. He defines that every translation is directed at an intended audience, since to translate means “to produce a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances”. (Nord, 2001: 12). Later on Nord put forward the rule of “Function plus Loyalty” with regard to the limitation of Skopostheorie and the problems of radical functionalism.Peter Newmark suggests three main textual functions: informative, expressive and vocative. Different text types require different translation strategies. Semantic translation is used for expressive texts; communicative translation is used for informative and vocative texts. Of vocative texts he put forward the focus of translation is the readership. In translating informative and vocative texts, the translator is supposed to produce a version which is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership both in content and language and he /she is justified to improve the original text if it is poorly translated. (Newmark, 1981: 42) This provides useful guidelines for the translation of public signs, which fall in to the categories of informative and vocative texts.According to Eugene Nida, the governing principle of dynamic equivalence is to “reproduce in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style” (Nida and Taber, 2004: 12) He explains it is essential that the target text functions in the same manner as the source text. The target readers are able to respond to it in substantially the same manner as the source text readers respond to the original text.In the following passages, the German school and Peter Newmark’s theory would bediscussed in detail.2.2 The Functional Approach2.2.1 Katharina Reiss and Her Text Typology TheoryIn 1971, Reiss in her book Possibilities and Limits of Translation Criticism developed a model of translation criticism based on the functional relationship between source and target texts. To her target text should be equivalent to source text in terms of conceptual content, linguistic form and communicative function. From this point we can see that she still took equivalence as the basis. However, in practice “she knew that real life presents situations where equivalence is not possible and in some cases, not even desired. (Nord, 2001: 9) Especially, when the target is intended to achieve a purpose or function other than that of the original. “In such a situation, she thinks that the functional perspective takes precedence over the normal standards of equivalence. Then translation critic can no longer rely on features derived from source-text analysis but has to judge whether the target text is functional in terms of the translation context”. (Nord, 2001: 9)Reiss is also aware that it is the overall text type, rather than the subdivisions that decide the type of equivalence to be sought and the translation strategy to be followed. If the text function is to provide information, then content must be preserved at all cost, and any “flourishes of style” can safely be sacrificed to that purpose, so that the translation method will be “plain-prose”. When there is a conflict between the functions of the ST and the TT, Reiss uses an “author-adapted” translation method to produce the same or at least a similar effect.She further divides text into three main types as content-focused text, form-focused text and appeal-focused text. Reiss generalizes her typology theory in the following form, (Reiss, 2000: 26)language function representation expression persuasion language dimension logic esthetics dialoguetext type content-focused(informative) form-focused(expressive)appeal-focused(operative)Content-focused text emphasizes content and the form is comparatively less important. When such a text is translated, the original information should be retained as intact as possible and the linguistic form of the translation should be adjusted to the target language conventions. For expressive text, form plays a vital role. Authors of form-focused texts such as literary prose and poetry often employ some formal elements to attain the original aesthetic effect. They should use similar form in translation to produce corresponding impression. The third type is appeal-focused text. This type intends convey information or provoke certain reaction. The translation must undergo certain adaptation to match the target language and the target culture.However there is not a pure informative, expressive or persuasive text. Reiss states that “…a further point should be clarified. If we draw a distinction between content-focused and from-focused text, this is not to imply that content-focused text do not have a form. Just as there can be no form of communication without some kind of content, there can be no kind of content that does not have some form.” (Reiss, 2000: 28) This is quite applicable for C-E translation of public signs which fall somewhere between informative and evocative (operative) text.Reiss’s text typology shed light on C-E translation of public signs. As one of foreign publicity material, public signs are classified as both the informative and evocative (operative) texts. Typology theory is particular valuable for the translators of public signs. They are encouraged to shift from the locking chains imposed by source text. The translators can hold a balance while selecting appropriate strategies to cope with various translation problems.2.2.2 Hans. J. Vermeer and His SkopostheorieSkopos is a Greek word for ‘purpose’. According to Skopostheorie, the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (skopos) of the overall translation action. (Nord, 2001: 27)Skopostheorie first assumes that translation must be a purposeful human activity. The purpose has three explanations: the translator’s purpose; the communicative purpose of the translated text; and the purpose to reach by exploiting certain special translation method. Usually the communicative purpose is the main purpose of the translated text.Skopostheorie also defines an intratextual coherence and intertextual coherence. Intratextual coherence implies a translation should be acceptable when it is coherent with the norms of the target culture. A communicative interaction can only be regarded successful if the receivers interpret it as being sufficiently coherent with their situation. (Nord, 2001: 32) For intertextual coherence, a translation is expected to bear some kind of relationship with the corresponding source text. Intertexual coherence should exit between source and target text. (Nord, 2001: 32) Intertextual coherence is considered subordinate to intratextual coherence and both are subordinate to the skopos rule. (Nord, 2001: 33)The theory prescribes a mode of thinking that will allow the translator to explore new approaches to the task of producing a successful target text. The theory particularly emphasizes target-orientation of translation. And it also stresses the translation situation which always determines the translation strategies to be used.This rule is intended to solve the eternal dilemmas of free vs. faithful translation, dynamic vs. formal equivalence, good interpreters vs. slavish translators and so on. It means that the skopos of a particular translation task may require a ‘free’ or a ‘faithful’ translation, or anything between these two extremes, depending on the purpose for which the translation is needed. (Nord, 2001: 29)Skopostheorie bears on C-E translation of public signs. Nord points out that “a text is made meaningful by its receiver and for its receiver.” (Nord, 2001: 31) The reaction of target readers’ should be taken into prime consideration. That is translation of public signs should be target-reader oriented.2.2.3 Christiane Nord and Her “Functions plus Loyalty”Christiane Nord further develops functional theory in the early 1990s and puts forward a rule of “Functions plus Loyalty”.Nord indicates that “My personal version of the functionalist approach stands on two pillars: function plus loyalty. Function refers to the factors that make a target text work in the intended way in the target situation. Loyalty refers to the interpersonal relationship between the translator, the source-text sender, the target-text addresses and the initiator. (Nord, 2001: 126). She holds that the translator should be responsible bilaterally for the target reader aswell as the original author. The translator should respect the source text producer and try to adjust the purpose of the target text and the source text author’s intention. The notion of loyalty not only means conveying the content and style of the source text, but also proposes necessary adaptation based on the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text, such as in the case of pragmatic translation. (Chen Xiaowei, 2006: 17) The principle of loyalty limits the range of justifiable target-text functions for one particular source text and raises the need for a negotiation of the translation assignment between translators and their clients. (Nord, 2001: 126). Thus the loyalty principle reduces the probability of “radical” functionalism. It is also an answer to those critics who argue that the functional approach leaves translators free to do whatever they like with any source text.The combination of function plus loyalty further improved the Skopostheorie. It grants translators some liberty in the translation process to achieve the intended function of the target text. Meanwhile it also keeps them from going far away from the original author’s intention. Moreover, Nord also proposes her documentary and instrumental translation. Documentary translation and instrumental translation are different in their emphasis on the source text and the target text. The former focused on source text, translators try to keep the language features or culture of the source text in the translated version, so this strategy is used with the classic works or serious literature. The latter resembles domestication translation, which produces equivalent effect by cultural adaptation; the target readers generally can not feel the text is a translation. The criterion for judging whether it is documentary or instrumental translation is that “the target audience is supposed to be aware or not they are reading a translation” (Nord, 2001: 50)According to Nord’s theory, translators of Chinese public signs should always bear in mind the priority of target text readers. Public signs should be translated according to the specific target functions. However it does not mean that translators have the right to change the functions at will. Any translation, regardless of its different specific purposes, should be based on the source texts.2.3 Peter Newmark and His Semantic vs. Communicative TranslationPeter Newmark’s major contribution to functionalism is his semantic translation versuscommunicative translation. “Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original” (Newmark: 1981: 39)It is quite obvious that communicative translation focuses on producing similar effect on the target readers. On the contrary, semantic translation remains within the original language convention and culture. He proposes that semantic translation is used for expressive texts and communicative translation for informative and vocative texts. That is in translating expressive texts, the expressive components should be rendered completely, original culture tend to be transferred intact and even badly and/or inaccurately written passages must remain so. However, for informative and vocative texts, the translator should focus on the accuracy of message and the main function of the source text, trying to produce an equivalent effect on target readers.He also proposes that different texts require different translation criteria and methods. He points out that for informative and vocative text the core is the accuracy of information and the readership. Accessibility and comprehensibility of the translation is very important as the reader does not anticipate difficulties or obscurities and would expect a generous transfer of foreign elements into his own culture as well as his language where necessary. (Newmark, 1981: 39)Peter Newmark’s theory also shed light on C-E translation of public signs. The translator is supposed to use language forms which read naturally to the target reader and he/she is entitled to improve the original text if it is badly and/or inaccurately written. Public signs should not be translated mechanically without an eye to the effect of the target texts on the target readers. Newmark’s semantic vs. communicative translation share some similarities with Nord’s documentary vs. instrumental translation. Semantic and documentary translations remain with the original linguistic and cultural conventions, while communicative and instrumental translations are target language oriented. But their difference is also quiet obvious. Nord holds that the skopos of the translation determines the choice of translation strategies, while Newmark proposes that the choice of translation methods is determined by the source text. However in translation practice, the methods of translation are not determined by the functionof the source text, but that of the target text. Very frequently the translation involves substantial adaptation of the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text.2.4 Enlightenments of the Functional Approach on C-E Translation of Public SignsAccording to Newmark’s typology (Newmark, 1981: 15), the features of public signs can be summarized from the functionalist point of view in the following graph.Functional analysis of Chinese public sings and English public signsNotes:1. Cpb: Chinese public signs; Epb: English public signs2. Culture, “low” means there are not many culture elements in public signs.3. Politeness, “low” means the public signs which do not read polite.The above graph gives us a general idea of the features of Chinese public signs and English public signs from the functional approach. Chinese public signs and English public signs are both in the service of their respective target readers. For most public signs, the source text and the target text share the same functions, informative, evocative or a combination of the two. There are other public signs: the function of the target text is different from that of the source text. An evocative public sign may be translated into an informative one or vice versa.This is because Chinese and English are different in language conventions and cultural traditions. Chinese public signs and English public signs differ in the ways they appeal to their respective readers. The source text readers (Chinese travelers) are prone to be affected by flowery expressions; while the target readers (foreign travelers) prefer more concrete information.Chinese public signs are therefore more descriptive. The language used is ornate and figurative, containing many flowery expressions like idioms or poems or quotations of famous persons’ remarks. English public signs are more informative. They read simple and concise. The language is plain and factual. When translating Chinese public signs into English, translators are usually required to apply various translation strategies, such as literal or liberal translation or adaptation.The main point of Skopostheorie is: it is the prospective function or skopos of the target text, not the source text that determines the translation process. Translators of public signs should apply various translation strategies in order to produce a version that will arouse the same effect on target text readers as that of the source text does on the source text readers.2.5 SummaryIn this part the writer discusses functional approach and its enlightenments on C-E translation of public signs. Reiss’s typology, Vermeer’s Skopostheorie, Nord’s function plus loyalty and Newmark’s semantic vs. communicative translation are the key theories involved in this chapter. According to the functional approach, it is the intended function of the target text that determines the overall translation process including the selection of translation strategies. The source text can’t be neglected either, as it serves as the main source of information. Translators of public signs should be aware of the status of target text readers. And the translations should always fulfill the need of target readers. The following chapter further explores the features and functions of public signs, giving us an insight on how functional approach applied to C-E translation in this area.Chapter Three A Functional Analysis of Public Signsin Scenic SpotsThe functional approach fits better in public signs translation as discussed in the previous chapter. The definition of a public sign, its categorization and the features are mainly discussed in the following paragraphs from the functional perspective.3.1 Definitions of Public SignsPublic signs are also called public notices, slogans, the languages of public notices, expressions on public signs.According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English1a sign is “a piece of paper, metal etc. in a public place with words or drawings on it that gives people information, warn them not to do something etc. e.g. a road sign, a no-smoking sign.”A Pubic sign can be defined as a piece of paper, metal or billboard in a public place with words or drawings on it that provides information or arouse people’s attention.The counterparts of public signs in Chinese are: 公示语、标志、标示语、告示语、标语、标牌语、标识. The most widely used one is “公示语”.Public signs and other related definitions in Chinese are as follows,1) 标语：用简短的文字写出的具有宣传鼓动作用的口号。
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析旅游景点的公示语是吸引游客、指引游客、提供服务信息的重要方式之一。
然而，由于各种原因，有时候公示语中会出现语用失误，导致信息传达不清或者引起误解。
本文将从四个方面分析旅游景点公示语中的语用失误，并给出例析。
一、信息不准确或不全面旅游景点公示语应该准确地传达相关信息，但由于一些原因，有时候信息会出现不准确或者不全面的情况。
例1：公示语中的信息偏差正确的公示语：景区入口在左边。
错误的公示语：景区入口在右边。
说明：这种情况可能是由于公示语编写人员的疏忽或者错误的引导线路导致的。
这样的错误可能会让游客走错方向，浪费时间和精力。
例2：公示语中的信息不全面正确的公示语：请注意保护环境，不乱扔垃圾。
错误的公示语：请注意保护环境。
说明：公示语中缺少具体的指引行为，容易让游客产生模糊的理解，降低了公示语的指引效果。
二、表达方式不当旅游景点的公示语宜以简洁明了的方式表达信息，有时候由于表达方式不当，导致信息的传达不清。
例3：公示语中的表达冗长正确的公示语：请尊重他人，不要在公共区域大声喧哗，以免影响他人休闲。
错误的公示语：请在公共区域遵守安静的规定，以免在公共区域大声喧哗影响到其他正在休闲的游客。
说明：公示语应该简洁明了，能够让游客快速理解和遵守。
过于冗长的表达方式会让游客没有耐心去读完公示语，从而降低了公示语的效果。
例4：公示语中的表达太过严肃正确的公示语：请勿进入危险区域。
错误的公示语：闲人免入，违者后果自负。
说明：公示语应该以友善、劝导的方式表达，而不应该使用过于严肃或威胁的言辞。
这样的表达方式容易引起游客的反感，破坏景区的形象。
三、语气不恰当公示语的语气应该要恰当，既能够传达信息，又能够表达出景区的热情和服务态度。
有时候，公示语的语气不恰当会引起误解、产生负面影响。
例5：公示语中的语气强硬正确的公示语：请勿饲喂野生动物。
错误的公示语：绝对禁止饲喂野生动物，否则请离开景区。
说明：过于强硬的语气容易让游客感觉不受尊重，产生负面情绪。
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析在旅游景点中，公示语是极其重要的，可以指引游客前往正确的区域，更好地了解景点的信息和规定。
在一些景点的公示语中，有时可能出现语用错误，这可能会给游客带来误解或造成不良影响。
以下是一些旅游景点公示语的语用失误例子及分析。
1. “Welcome to our sightseeing area, do not feed the animals, we are not responsible for any accidents caused by feeding.”（欢迎来到我们的观光区，不要喂动物，我们不对喂食引起的任何事故负责。
）分析：这句话使用了“我们不负责”的说法，给人留下景区管理者不负责的印象。
更好的表述方式是“请勿喂食动物，为了您的安全和动物的健康，请遵守规定。
”2. “Do not litter, put garbage into the trash cans.”（不要乱扔垃圾，把垃圾放入垃圾桶。
）分析：这句话中没有明确规定游客应该在何处寻找垃圾桶。
更好的表述方式是“请勿随地乱扔垃圾，垃圾桶位于景区的各个角落，请勿难找。
”3. “Please do not climb the fence, there are electric wires on it, which may cause electric shock.”（请勿攀爬栏杆，栏杆上有导电线，可能会导致电击。
）分析：这句话没有强调电击的严重性，建议改为“栏杆上有导电线，请勿攀爬以避免发生电击事故，因此为了您的安全，请不要攀爬。
”4. “The restroom is located on the left, please keep quiet while entering.”（厕所位于左侧，请进入时保持安静。
）分析：这句话中没有明确规定游客应该如何保持安静，更好的表述方式是“请进入时保持安静，避免影响其他游客和附近的居民。
汉语公示语的英译原则及误译类型分析
汉语公示语的英译原则及误译类型分析作者：王鼎来源：《校园英语·下旬》2017年第07期【摘要】进入二十一世纪以来，英语越来越成为中国人热衷的交际外语之一，且在日常生活中占有很大比例。
一方面，国际性的交流与合作以英语为主，另一方面，随着中国实施“走出去”战略，这就迫切需要一批批外语精通，专业扎实的人才，把中国的自然，人文，地理，经济，等介绍给西方人。
本文选取实用场景英语作为研究视角，通过对汉语公示语的英译原则进行简要说明，典型误译类型分析，以期达到对现实场景标牌，指示，布告，等信息的翻译有一定的理解与把握。
与此同时，对当下一些汉语公示语的错译，乱译，等不负责任的译者行为和做法进行分析，以期给未来从事翻译的工作者提供参考与借鉴。
在从事汉译英的实践中，要了解彼此的文化，对翻译材料进行深度梳理，再翻译，否则，翻译的译文不仅达不到交流的目的，在行家里手面前也会使得自己的译文啼笑皆非。
【关键词】汉语公示语英译原则误译类型分析一、汉语公示语的定义与功能公示语：公开和面对公众，告示、指示、提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形信息。
公示语应用于日常生活的方方面面，因此也直接影响到我们生活的方方面面。
公示语在实际应用中具有指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性四种突出的应用功能。
中国文化博大精深，译者实难把源语词汇所承载的文化韵味等原汁原味地移植到另一种截然不同的文化和语言中来。
对一些表现中国传统文化及中国特有事物的词语最好音译，采用音译法把这些特有的事物移植到译语中去。
比如饺子（jiaozi）、风水（fengshui）、功夫（gongfu）、气功（qigong）、关系（guanxi）、太极（taichi）、阴（ying）、阳（yang）等。
这些词由于长期使用，已融入英语之中，已被外国人所接受。
因此例1中的豆腐可翻译为 Tofu。
而另一些具有中国文化特色的空缺词如秀才（xiucai）、胡同（hutong）、炕（kang）等则需要在直译的基础上采用注释补偿的方法来弥补文化失真问题。
旅游景区解说牌英语译文错误多
旅游景区解说牌英语译文错误多庄严瑰丽的钟楼是古城西安的重要文化旅游景点之一，每年吸引约10万名国内外游客参观。
然而，解说牌上的英文却有些错误，意思含混不清，令外国游客扫兴。
记者近日在钟楼参观时发现，写在钟楼大钟来历的短短三句话中，语法、拼写、用词和标点符号错误至少有6处。
在介绍钟楼的英文解说牌上，“Ch ina”（“中国”）写成了“ch ina”（“瓷器”）。
差之毫厘，谬以千里。
齐白石等著名画家作品的译名也出现多处错误。
“红叶”译成了“Ma g p ie”（“喜鹊”），有的复数变成了单数，“ch icks”（“雏鸡”）译成“y ous ch ri m p s”，令人啼笑皆非。
这些译文差错看似微不足道，实则大大损害了西安作为国际旅游城市的形象。
“从英文解说词准确、流畅与否，可以看出工作人员的态度是否认真。
读着漏洞百出的英语，我觉得很不好受，感觉没有得到足够的尊重。
”美国游客、纽约市某大学教授拉尔夫﹒迈尔对记者说：“解说词中错误太多，这使我们外国游客无法充分欣赏这里的一景一物，对这座名胜古迹的印象也因此受到影响。
”这位年逾花甲的美国教授昨天为找出这些英文错误足足花了近一个小时。
他说：“在中国，很多旅游景点的英语解说都有错误，或不够标准地道，这其实反映出中国的旅游文化服务还不够完善。
”他建议，只要请几个英语专家对译文进行修改润色，这个问题很快就能得到解决。
他说，西安有世界一流的历史人文景观，也应该有世界一流的旅游文化服务。
据钟楼有关负责人介绍，这些解说牌４年前就竖起来了，由本单位的英语解说员充任翻译。
据了解，迄今已有不少人对译文提出异议，单位也知道存在这一问题，但没有及时进行纠正。
文化旅游充满审美和文化意义，文化旅游者非常重视文化旅游场景中的文化感觉，这种感觉体系是以其感官的证明为基础的。
和观念文化相比，文化旅游场景中的感觉是一种更具体的文化，文化旅游者依据心中存在的众多的感觉素材——看得见的、有声有色、可以感知的、逼真的——来审视、评价文化旅游场景中的各种文化景观。
导游资格证考试——峨眉山景区概况+景点介绍
二、峨眉山景区√1.景区概况【参考用时：1 min 30 s】Mount Emei is located in the southwest of Sichuan Basin, 168km far from Chengdu with an area of 154 square kilometers. About 20 million years ago, crustal evolution of the Himalayan movement creates not only the Himalayas, but also the magnificent Mount Emei whose highest elevation is about 3.1 km. Mount Emei is an attractive tourist resort 【旅游胜地】whose five characteristics are grand, beautiful, peculiar, dangerous, profound【雄秀奇险幽】. Also, Mount Emei is a famous buddhist mountain【佛教名山】and is the main ashram of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva 【普贤菩萨主道场】. Thus, Mount Emei is also called the kingdom of plants, animal paradise as well as geological museum【植物王国，动物乐园，地质博物馆】.2.景点介绍【参考用时：4 min】Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to know some useful tips to make sure you are safe during the hiking process. There are a lot of monkeys here, so you really need to be careful about your snacks, especially the colorful ones, and your ornaments like sunglasses, necklace and even your watch. It is a good way to hide all of your snacks or ornaments in your bag. Remember, do not stay alone, which means you'd better follow the main group to protect yourselves from attacking. OK, let's go.【景点1】First of all, I will take you to visit Baoguo Temple【报国寺】. There are many ancient buildings, and most temples are relatively concentrated, which is distributed in low mountainous area of Mount Emei. Baoguo temple is definitely the most famous one, which is built in Min dynasty, more than 400 years so far. Next to the Temple there are two national class A protected plant Alsophila【沙椤】, which are the oldest ferns【蕨类】on Mount Emei. This plant can date back to the time of dragon and is called living fossil.【景点2】Another famous temple is named Wannian Temple【万年寺】, which has been rebuilt 5 times along 1600 years history from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. Here, I want to tell you an interesting legend story. There are 108 stone stairs in Wannian Temple, which represents 108 kinds of troubles in one's life. It is said that if you go pass the 108 stone stairs, all your troubles will be trampled underfoot and you will live your rest life in a smooth way.【景点3】The last one temple I need to point out is Huazang Temple【华藏寺】，which is nearly at the top of Mount Emei. Here, the most exciting part is to arrive at Jinding. If you are lucky enough, you may see the Buddha's light. But the probability is really tiny and most people may not have chance to see this beautiful natural landscape.。
旅游景区常用标识翻译
旅游景区（点）常用标识停车场 Parking售票口 Ticket Office游客中心 Tourist Center医务室 Clinic餐厅 Restaurant快餐 Snack Bar商店 Shop厕所 Toilet入口 Way In出口 Way Out导游服务 Tour Guide Service邮政服务 Postal Service游乐场 Playground游船码头 Boat rental办公区 Office Area垃圾箱 Rubbish Receptacle消防栓 Fire Hydrant照像服务 Photo Service残疾人专用 Facilities for Disabled Person小件寄存 Left Luggage公用电话 Public Telephone游客投诉电话 Tourist Complaint Phone游客咨询电话 Tourist Information Phone 紧急救护电话 Emergency Phone禁止吸烟 No Smoking游客止步 Staff Only禁止游泳 No Swimming禁止钓鱼 No Fishing严禁攀登 No Climing请勿践踏草坪 Please Keep off the Lawn爱护文物 Please Cherish the Cultural Relics食品部 Snack Shop酒吧 Bar前台 Front Desk更衣室 Locker Room火警出口 Fire Exit男厕所Men’S Room （Male）女厕所Ladies’ Room （Female）勿扔垃圾 No Littering请勿拍照 No Photograpgy步行梯 Stairs电梯 Elevator自动扶梯 Escalator旅游纪念品商店Souvenir Shop广播室 Broadcasting Room失物招领 Lost and Found火情警报 Fire Alarm团体接待 Group Reception常见的公共标志英文译法2003-12-171、Operation Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开 ( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处。
论公示语翻译中的常见错误
论公示语翻译中的常见错误公示语双语翻译是每个城市对外宣传交流的一种重要途径，能够鲜明得表现出一座城市的软文化实力。
英译公示语时，我们需要了解中英语言文化的差异以及避免社交环境下的语用错误，才能展现出公示语应有的功能。
本文分析了公示语翻译的常见语用错误、过度翻译现象，总结了翻译公示语的方法策略，规范正确的公示语翻译对国家间的文化交流、经济发展的作用不容小觑。
标签：公示语;语用错误;过度翻译;翻译策略一、引言公示语是生活中最常见的“语言”，是一种公开面向公众的，以达到某种交际目的的指示性文字。
在我们的生活中，公示语随处可见，被广泛使用在路标、广告牌、公共场所的宣传语、旅游概况等地方。
公示语是国际化城市、旅游目的地语言环境、人文环境的重要组成部分。
因为公示语在公众和旅游参观者的生活中具有重要意义，所以如果对公示语有任何误解、滥用，都可能产生不必要的麻烦。
翻译不当可能影响到一个城市和地区的形象以及对外交流，并可能对外国游客造成许多不利影响。
在公示语翻译的实践中，必须考虑到文化差异、公示语的特点。
二、汉英公示语翻译常见的错误类型公示语常见的翻译错误类型有：过度翻译，语用失误等。
（一）过度翻译过度翻译是指忽视了翻译的基本原则，尊重原文。
公示语过度翻译的字面表现有：（1）词汇过度翻译Over-translated：翻译超出了原先的信息量，就会显得冗余、重复。
比如说：注意安全CAUTION DANGER;正确译法应该是CAUTION，这一词本身就代表了让人对于危险要小心谨慎，不需要再译出一个重复意义的词。
英汉语言的差异性，通常会造成公示语翻译时词汇层面上的累赘重复（Wordy）。
根据The free dictionary 的释义，此处的Wordy可理解为：包含公示语意义的词汇量超过所需词汇量。
少数单词即可达意，但追求词汇形式的对等而不注重文化语境的要求，采用了生硬重复的译法。
词汇过度翻译常常表现为同义词或叠词、行政区域名称以及某些介词的生硬翻译。
乐山峨眉山风景旅游区公示语翻译指瑕
乐山峨眉山风景旅游区公示语翻译指瑕中国改革开放的不断深化和西部大开发的不断深入，特别是四川省拟定建设大乐山—大峨眉的区域经济发展后，乐山峨眉山将成为西部大开发城市建设的重要城市和交通要道。
乐山和峨眉山是一个以旅游业为经济发展的城市，拥有乐山大佛、峨眉山世界双遗产的城市，每年有数以万计的海内外游客们前来参观。
由于乐山、峨眉山极具对外开放性，乐山和峨眉山市公共场所的路牌、广告等公示语大量使用英、汉双语对照翻译。
公共场所如指示牌、告示语、宣传标语和旅游景点介绍的英语用语不仅对国外友人了解乐山、峨眉山以及对他们在此期间的生活起着至关重要的作用，而且在对外宣称方面发挥着不容忽视的效应；它不仅能提供准确和实用的信息，而且会直接影响到外国朋友对乐山、峨眉山市的第一印象。
同时也是检验城市国际化程度高低的一种衡量指标。
尽管有不少的国际友人曾经在一些媒体上对乐山和峨眉山公共场所标识英语翻译的错误进行了指瑕和更正，但是笔者仍然发现一些值得探讨之处。
有些翻译让人阅后揪心，有的表达方式让人百思不得其解。
那些不正确、不准确的翻译不但给外籍参观者的生活和工作制造了不方便，也给国内外人士造成了不必要的误会和误导，极大地污损了乐山和峨眉山作为对外开放和旅游城市的形象。
本文基于一些英语国家案例分析的基础上，对乐山和峨眉山景区标牌进行了大量的图片采集与整理，旨在做调查研究的过程中，结合翻译学的知识与技巧，发现尚存欠缺的问题或提出一些可行的建议，供政府部门借鉴和采纳。
1 公示语翻译不同的研究者对公示语和公示语的翻译有着不同的释义和界定。
戴宗显和吕和发（2005）指出，公示语是指公开和面对公众、告示、指示、提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、生命、生态休戚相关的文字及图形信息（P.6）。
董亚军、崔艳荣、葛艳荣（2008）在他们的“旅游景区翻译的跨文化交际对旅游业的促进作用”一文中提出景区翻译公示语应遵循以下两个原则：“符合译语语言习惯性原则”和“增强译语的可接受性原则（P.7）。
功能翻译视角下峨眉山旅游景区公示语汉英翻译失误探析
往强调译文与原 文 的一 一对 应 ， 即“ 等值 观 ” Ｊ 。而 目的论
则彻底推翻 了这种翻译规则 ， 它将译文 的预期功 能作为翻译 的根本 目的 ， 并 以此作 为选择最佳 的翻译策 略的依据 。根据
峨眉 山景 区沿途上 ， 有时 我们会见 到这样 的公示语 “ 注
意安全 ， 小心落水 ！ ＇ ＇ 此处 的英语译 文为 “ Ｔ ａ ｋ ｅ ｃ ａ ｒ ｅ ！ Ｆ ａ ｌ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｏ
方面进行应用 ， 展示 给广大民众。它被认为是一 种交 际的工
决定 。
弗米 尔在老师赖斯 的帮 助下继承 并发展 了赖 斯的理论 。
他们共 同撰写 的《 翻译理 论基础概述 》 一 书于 １ ９ ８ ４年 出版。
在这本 书中 ， 弗米尔对“ 翻译 目的论 ” 做 出了进一 步的 阐述。
具， 通过公示语 ， 人们 可以快速 获取有 用 的信 息… 。随着 四
川与世界之间交流和联 系的 日益频繁 ， 作为 向世界展示 四川
他认 为 ， 人类 的所有行 为都是有 意 图和 目的的 ， 而 翻译 作为 人类的一种行为 ， 必 须要依据 一定 的 目的 。因此 ， 译 者所
采用的翻译方法和翻译策 略须 由翻译所需 达到 的最终 目的
一
１ ２ ４ —
落水实则 强调 的是要 多加 防范 ， 以防落 入水 中 ， 而 不是 希望 旅 客落入水 中。因此 ， 此处 的英 文译 文将 “ 小心 落水 ” 翻译 为“ Ｆ ａ ｌ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｗ ａ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｃ ａ ｒ ｅ ｆ ｕ ｌ ｌ ｙ ” 不符合 翻译 目的论 的忠 实法则 ， 违背 了篇 际一 致准 则 ， 因 为 中文 的标 示语 往 往强 调 文字 美 观、 读音押韵 ， 因而很多公 示语在 形式上 都采 用 了对 仗 的手
旅游景区限令禁止类公示语日文译写误译探析
旅游景区限令禁止类公示语日文译写误译探析【摘要】这篇文章探讨了旅游景区限令禁止类公示语日文译写误译的问题。
在常见误译情况分析中，我们发现了一些常见的翻译错误，如语法不对称、用词不当等。
误译原因主要来源于文化差异和语言表达方式不同，需要针对性地解决。
应对策略方面，我们提出了一些应对方法，如加强专业翻译人员的培训和提高对目标语言文化的了解。
通过案例分析，我们展示了一些实际的误译案例并提出了改进建议。
我们总结了一些日文翻译原则，希望能够引起更多人对这一问题的关注，并为该领域的研究提供一定的参考。
本文强调了正确翻译的重要性，未来的研究应该更加注重专业化和深入化的探讨。
【关键词】旅游景区、限令、禁止、公示语、日文、误译、探析、常见情况、原因、应对策略、案例分析、翻译原则、重要性、研究展望1. 引言1.1 研究背景旅游景区限令禁止类公示语在日本旅游行业中非常常见，然而由于语言和文化差异，在翻译过程中经常出现误译情况。
这些误译不仅会影响游客的理解和体验，还可能导致严重的后果。
对于旅游景区限令禁止类公示语的日文翻译误译进行探析具有重要的现实意义。
随着日本旅游业的快速发展，越来越多的游客前往日本旅游，因此对于旅游景区的规则和限令也变得尤为重要。
由于日语和中文之间存在着词汇、语法和表达习惯上的差异，很多限令公示语在翻译过程中容易产生误解。
这不仅影响游客对景区规则的理解，还可能导致一些误解和不必要的麻烦。
通过深入研究旅游景区限令禁止类公示语的日文翻译误译情况，探讨误译的原因和应对策略，可以帮助提高翻译质量，减少误解和不必要的风险。
本文将从常见误译情况分析、误译原因探讨、应对策略探讨、案例分析和日文翻译原则等方面展开研究，以期对这一问题进行深入探讨和研究。
1.2 研究意义旅游景区限令禁止类公示语的日文翻译错误在旅游行业中并不罕见。
这些错误可能导致游客产生误解，甚至对景区形象造成负面影响。
对这些误译情况进行分析并提出应对策略具有重要意义。
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析
旅游景点英译公示语语用失误例析在旅游景点，英文公示语是游客们获取信息的重要途径之一。
由于语言和文化的差异，有时英文公示语可能存在一些语用失误。
本文将通过例析的方式，总结一些常见的旅游景点英译公示语语用失误，供大家参考。
1. 语法错误例如：Welcome to our park. Please not step on the grass.这句话的正确翻译应该是：请不要踩草坪。
在这个例子中，英文公示语中存在语法错误，正确的表达方式应该是“Please do not step on the grass.”。
这是一个典型的语法错误，可能会给外国游客带来困扰或者误解。
公示语应该避免语法错误，以免引起混淆或误解。
这个例子中，英文公示语的翻译虽然没有语法错误，但却存在语意模糊的问题。
在实际使用中，游客可能不清楚“beyond”是什么意思，导致误解或者无法准确理解。
公示语在翻译时应该尽量避免使用模糊或者不清晰的词语，以确保游客能够准确理解。
3. 文化差异例如：喀纳斯秘境欢迎您的到来。
这句话的正确翻译应该是：Welcome to Kanas Paradise.在这个例子中，英文公示语的翻译虽然基本正确，但是在表达上存在文化差异。
中文“秘境”和英文“Paradise”在语境和文化上有所区别，可能会给外国游客造成困扰。
公示语在翻译时应该考虑目标语言的文化和语境，避免因文化差异而引起误解或困惑。
在这个例子中，英文公示语的翻译存在数字单位错误。
中国和西方国家的日期表达方式存在差异，如果未正确转换数字单位，容易引起误解。
公示语在翻译时应该将数字单位转换为目标语言的习惯表达方式，以确保准确传达信息。
这个例子中，英文公示语的表达方式比较生硬，缺乏礼貌和善意。
在英文中，使用“Please do not…”的方式会更显得礼貌和友好，能够更好地得到游客的配合。
公示语在翻译时应该尽量使用礼貌、友好的语气，以取得更好的效果。
景点双语标识英文译法
景区景点双语标识的英文译法(一)A.1警告提示信息表A.1 警告提示信息序号中文名称英文译文1 严禁攀登No Climbing2 严禁倚靠Stand Clear/No Leaning3 严禁攀折No Picking5 严禁携带宠物No Pets Allowed6 严禁中途下车No Drop Off between Stops9 禁止排放污水No Waste Water Discharge10 禁止无照经营No Unlicensed Vendors12 禁止燃放烟花爆竹No Fireworks Allowed/Fireworks Prohibited13 禁止携带易燃易爆物品Inflammables & Explosives Strictly Prohibited14 禁止速降Downhill Skiing Prohibited15 禁止雪道中间停留Don’t Stop on Ski Slope16 禁止由此滑行No Skiing Here17 禁止开窗Keep Windows Closed/Don’t Open Windows18 非机动车禁止入内Motor Vehicles Only19 雷雨天禁止拨打手机Cellphones Prohibited during Thunderstorms20 卧床请勿吸烟Don’t Smoke in Bed21 殿内请勿燃香Don’t Burn Incense in the Hall22 高血压、心脏病患者以及晕车、晕船、酗酒请勿乘坐Drunks, sufferers of hypertension, heart disease and motion sickness not allowed on board.23 防洪通道，请勿占用Flood Control Channel. Keep Clear!24 非游览区，请勿进入No Admittance/No Visitors25 1米以下儿童须家长陪同乘坐Children under 1 meter must be accompanied by an adult.26 酒后不能上船Those under the influence of alcohol not allowed.27 请抬起护栏Please Raise the Guardrail28 请放下护栏Please Lower the Guardrail29 请您不要坐在护栏上边Don’t Sit on Guardrail30 前方弯路慢行Bend Ahead. Slow Down!31 请自觉维护场内卫生环境Please Keep the AreaClean/Please Don’t Litter32 请遵守场内秩序Please Keep Order。
峨眉山景区公示语英译
12级翻译2班实习小组成员:李美萱邓娇娇董晓丽周灵丽、徐玉辉峨眉山景区公示语英译实习期间，在参观峨眉山景区路后，对周边饭店、车站、以及景区的标识牌特别是其英译内容进行分析，我们将景区标识牌分为四类。
景点类、餐饮类、标识语类、以及最后的地道翻译。
在景点翻译中，报国寺景区管理处翻译为scenic management department一个短语中出现两个词性一致的单词，显然是错误的。
经小组成员讨论后，将其修改为scenic area management office 还有汉语拼音错误，四尊(zun)错写为（zhun）。
此外还有一个茶楼的名称为听雨茶楼，但其招牌写着rain tea，这样就让不懂中文的人摸不着头脑，不知道究竟要表达什么意思。
既然是茶楼tea house应该体现出来。
“梦象受孕”翻译为“The Pregnant Elephant in the Dream”，这会被理解为“梦中一头怀孕的大象”，这与原文差距甚大。
但究竟应该怎么翻首先应弄清楚这个典故。
在对有关景点类英译不当内容做了简单的汇总与订正后，我们又从第二个版块开始了纠错与修改。
第一张PPT展示的是对“峨眉山C旅馆”的英译，店章上面显示的是“Emeishan Hostel C”,负责讲解的同学对“hotel”和“hostel”作了区别，分别从词汇的使用范围，适用对象，国外用语习惯这三方面加以区别，还尤为指出，对“峨眉山”一词的翻译需要严格恪守翻译原则，不能想当然地进行翻译，我们将原译文改为了“Mt.Emei Hostel C”。
第二张是对“听雨茶楼”的翻译，原译为“Rain Tea”,我们觉得原译文不能体现出茶楼，这一场所的特定性，故将其改为“Tingyu Tea House”。
接下来我们在拍摄过程中发现了一处尤为明显的有关拼写方面的错误，即对“富嘉源酒店”的英译，店章上的译文为“Fu Jia Yuan Iin”,而通过查证，我们发现酒店，即“Iin”的拼写是完全错误的，正确的拼写应该是“Inn”,这不得不说是当初门店装修时的一大失误。
各类公示语翻译
各类公示语英文翻译汇总旅游景区的标识语翻译1、湖区水深,注意安全。
Deep water! Beware、2、珍惜文物古迹,勿乱刻乱涂。
No graffiti!3、购票中请当面清点票款,门票售出,恕不退款。
Check the change before you leave、No refund for tickets sold、4、游客必须每人持票入内,废票、伪造票不得入内。
Admission by valid tickets only、5、爱护草坪,足下留情。
Keep off the grass、6、心触一片净土,爱博一片蓝天。
Keep the environment clean、7、禁止摆卖。
No venders、8、六点停止入园。
Last admission: 6:009、请按门票所示线路参观Please follow the visitor route indicated on your guide ticket、10、请勿在本区域堆弃垃圾Please refrain from dumpling rubbish in this area、乘车的标识语翻译11、请沿站台过往Pass along the platform please、12、请在乘车前购买好车票Please buy your ticket before you board the train、13、请将机票或登机牌准备好接受安检Please have your ticket or boarding card ready for inspection、14、请协助确保列车准点运行Please help to run trains on time15、请将此座位留给老年人、残疾人与抱孩子的人。
Please offer this seat to elderly or disabled people or those carrying children、16、请仅在紧急情况下使用Please only use in an emergency、17、请您在返回车前先付费Please pay before returning to your car、18、需要帮助请按按钮Please press for assistance、19、请系好安全带Please wear the seatbelt provided、20、存放时请务必索取行李票。
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峨眉山风景区英语公示语常见误译指正江婷;范先明【摘要】随着我国经济的高速发展与对外开放的力度加大，国际交流日渐增多。
越来越多的外国友人来到中国，中国有名的山水风光自然会吸引许多外国友人的目光。
目前，许多景区都设立了英语公示语，旨在更好地为外来游客提供服务。
文章对峨眉山景区的英文公示语进行了实地调查研究。
研究发现：峨眉山风景区的英文公示语在翻译质量方面尚存在不足。
基于此，文章对该景区内的英文公示语的常见误译进行了分类阐释并提出了改进建议。
%With the rapid development of economy as well as the implementation of the opening up poli-cy,the communication between China and other countries is becoming more and more common. With more and more foreign friends coming to China, China's famous natural scenery attract the attention of many for-eign friends. At present,English public signs can be seen anywhere in the scenic area in China,and these signs can provide better service to people all around the world. This paper, based on the field investigation, studies the English public signs of Mount Emei scenic spot. It shows that English translation of Chinese pub-lic signs in Mount Emei scenic area should be improved. Moreover,it classifies the improper English transla-tion of Chinese public signs in Mount Emei scenic area and supplies the revised translation.【期刊名称】《乐山师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2016(031)003【总页数】5页(P66-70)【关键词】峨眉山;旅游公示语;翻译;错误分析;改译【作者】江婷;范先明【作者单位】广西师范大学外国语学院，广西桂林 541006;乐山师范学院外国语学院，四川乐山 614000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9峨眉山是世界文化与自然双遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家重点风景名胜区，其秀丽的景色每年都会吸引大量的中外游客。
为了更好地服务广大外国游客，景区内设置了许多英文指示标志牌，这极大地方便了母语或第二语言为英语的外籍游客。
英文公示语不仅能为游客提供很多便利，英文版景点介绍也可以帮助更多外国友人了解更多该景点的信息，从而了解更多关于中国的地理、文化、历史、风土人情等方面的知识。
但若公示语翻译错误，不仅会影响游客的游玩兴致，景区作为对外开放的一张名片，有可能影响我国的国际形象。
因此，对于旅游景区内的英语公示语的翻译首先要做到准确翻译，这便是严复提出的“信”“达”“雅”中所讲到的“信”，亦即是，“意义不违背原文，即译文要准确，不歪曲，不遗漏，也不要随意增减意思”［1］5。
关于公示语的定义有很多，比如“‘公示语’指在公众场所向公众公示须知内容的语言，它包括标识、标示、路标、标语、公告警示等这些指示牌、警示信息、公告等，是人们生活中的实用语言，以一种公开和面对公众的形式，以达到某种交际目的特殊文体”［2］325。
戴宗显在“The First Symposium on C&E Signs in a Global Context”（全国首届公示语翻译研讨会）上对公示语的定义如下：“‘public signs’are signs that are shown publicly, offering a kind of warning, direction, notification and other closely related literal or graphical information”［3］20。
蔡专林则指出：“英语旅游公示语尤其典型的文本特点是“用词简洁，措辞精确，广泛使用名词、动名词、动词、短语、词组等”［4］28。
从语言角度来说，不管是景区还是一些公共场合的英语公示语其语言结构都比较简单，是一种简单又实用的文体。
公示语的语言表达特点是简单精炼。
有些公示语用其与生活相关的文字图形信息，公开面对公众，提供指示、警示、提示、标示等信息。
公示语信息能够很好地在各个领域发挥管理、协调、规范等作用，不同种类的公示语有不同的表达内容和实用功能。
在对景区公示语的翻译过程中，因公示语有不同的作用，我们“可以把英语公示语划分为指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性公示语四种”［2］326。
具有指示性功能的公示语旨在为游客提供信息，指示所服务的内容，多为在特定的场合或某些机构使用，翻译时多为名词的形式，比如：“售票处（Ticket）”，“游客须知（Notice）”等。
具有提示性功能的公示语旨在提醒人们怎样做或怎么做才符合相应的规定，同时也可以为游客提供其他信息，如峨眉山景区中猴群聚居处有：“野生猴群出没请勿靠近抚摸，通过时请注意安全结伴而行，并保管好自己的物品（The wild monkeys often appear here，you are suggested to pass the section with more accompanies and look after your personal belongings）”的提示。
具有限制性功能的公示语旨在约束公众的言行，并且该类公示语言辞直接了当，但不失礼貌，如：“进入防火区，请勿吸烟（No smoking within fireproof zone）”。
具有强制性功能的公示语旨在要求公众必须采取某种行为，如：“凭大衣和押金票退押金（Get your deposit backafterreturningthecoatandthedepositreceipt）”。
在公示语翻译或其他翻译活动中，首要的目的是要准确地传达原文所表达的意思，在此基础上，便可追求更高的翻译境界，即应努力使翻译的作品达到“达”和“雅”的水平。
许多翻译家在严复的“信”“达”“雅”的理论指导下，完成了许多优秀的翻译作品。
“可以毫不夸张的说，严复的‘信、达、雅’在中国翻译理论中的影响最大，知名度最高，几乎达到了家喻户晓的程度。
”［5］20这就说明，在翻译过程中，应注意对翻译理论的学习，这样在进行翻译实践的过程中便能够准确使用不同的翻译方法，以达到良好的翻译效果。
于此基础上，通过实地研究，我们对峨眉山风景区英语公示语进行了分析，结果发现：峨眉山景区内的英文公示语主要为游客提供了“衣、食、住、行、游、购、娱”等方面的指示信息，这极大地方便了国内外游客。
以下主要对峨眉山景区内清音阁、雷洞坪、金顶及山道两旁的英文公示语进行错误分析，并试图提出一些改进意见。
对于旅游景区公示语的翻译，在翻译界中有不同的翻译观点，许多译者也根据各种不同的翻译理论，对英语公示语的翻译方法、原则进行了探讨。
如我们普遍熟悉的“归化”（domestication）与“异化”（foreignization）法等。
尤金·奈达（Eugene A. Nida）提出的“‘动态对等’，即‘功能对等，也就是译文读者对译入语的反应程度大体上与原语读者一样’”［6］50，这种观点认为在旅游公示语的翻译中，读者的需求应该得到最大限度的满足，这也就是公示语翻译的首要目的。
而不论有多少种方法，不论这些方法理论有多大的差异，景区内的公示语的翻译都是给外国友人看的，为他们提供便利，因而，在进行翻译的过程中，公示语的简洁性以及是否能准确传达信息应是译者首要考虑的因素。
笔者以实地考察的形式，对峨眉山风景区英语公示语进行了分析，发现景区内英语公示语的翻译主要存在如下问题：公示语中—英翻译错误、中式翻译、用词不准确、公示语译法不统一、拼写错误、语用失误和书写不规范等。
在下文中，主要从以上七个方面，对峨眉山景区内的公示语翻译问题进行探讨。
（一）公示语中—英翻译错误景区的公示语中，我们可以发现一些错译的现象，此类标志语很有可能会为游客提供错误的信息。
景区作为对外开放的一张名片，如果翻译问题严重，则还会影响外国友人对我国学术、翻译水平的质疑。
严复在《天演论·译例言》中提出，翻译需要做到“信、达、雅”。
“信”，即忠实原文的意思，景区公示语在传达信息方面一定要做到准确明了，换而言之，即我们熟悉的彼特·纽马克提出的六种语言功能中的“信息功能”（Informative Function）［7］126。
这就要求我们在进行翻译活动时，一定要传达清楚被翻译文本的意思，使得目标文本在其使用语境中能够正确地发挥其作用。
在研究峨眉山景区的公示语时，笔者发现一些公示语翻译不够准确。
比如作为景区入口的“验票亭”，其英文翻译为“The Ticket Office”，这样的翻译是不准确的，会使外籍游客误以为是“购票亭”，建议改为更合适的“Entrance”。
许多景区内有观光车，能为游客提供许多便利，峨眉山景区内“万佛顶生态观光车”，译为“Monorail train”，译出来更有“单轨列车”的意思，因此建议改为“Tour Bus”。
（二）公示语翻译较为中式景区内许多英文公示语翻译时逐字逐句翻译，类似我们所说的“直译法”（literal translation）”。
这种译法固然在很大程度上保留了原文的形式与内容，但有的公示语的翻译略显冗长，在英语国家，公示语语用原则力求精简，因英文公示语直接服务于外籍游客，我们应减少外籍游客的理解成本①，在公示语翻译方面应遵循英语国家本土原则，力求简洁明了。
如“旅游淡季”和“旅游旺季”，在该景区内分别译为“IN THE SLACK SEASON”，“IN THE BUSY SEASON”。
从译文来看，翻译略显累赘，公示语旨在方便快捷地为游客提供服务，这样的翻译与公示语翻译需简洁这一原则相违背，另外服务类信息在翻译时建议除介词、冠词小写外，其余单词采用首字母大写的翻译规则。