英美文学史OSCAR_WILDE
英国文学oscar wilde
1970
2009
2005
童话集
* 《快乐王子和其他故事》（The Happy Prince and Other Tales， 快乐王子和其他故事》 ， 1888年） 年 收录童话： 收录童话： 快乐王子（ 《快乐王子（The happy prince）》 ） 夜莺与蔷薇（ 《夜莺与蔷薇（The nightingale and the rose）》 ） 自私的巨人（ 《自私的巨人（The selfish Giant）》 ） 忠实的朋友（ 《忠实的朋友（The devoted friend）》 ） 了不起的火箭（ 《了不起的火箭（The remarkable rocket）》 ） * 《石榴屋》（A House of Pomegranates，1891年） 石榴屋》 ， 年 收录童话： 收录童话： 少年国王（ 《少年国王（The young king）》 ） 西班牙公主的生日（ 《西班牙公主的生日（The birthday of the infanta）》 ） 渔人和他的灵魂（ 《渔人和他的灵魂（The fisherman and his soul）》 ） 星孩（ 《星孩（The star-child）》 ）
Bosie
20世纪末，在遭到毁誉近一个世纪以后，英国终于 给了王尔德树立雕像的荣誉。1998年11月30日， 由麦姬·汉姆林雕塑的王尔德雕像在伦敦特拉法尔加 广场附近的阿德莱德街揭幕。雕像的标题为“与奥 斯卡·王尔德的对话”，同时刻有王尔德常被引用的 语录：“我们都在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望 “我们都在阴沟里， 空。”(We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.) 王尔德的审判是英国司法史上最引人注目的案件之 一，也是同性恋平权运动史上被引用最多的案件之 一。在同性恋不再被视为异端、被普遍接受的20世 纪末、21世纪初，他成了同性恋社群的一个文化偶 像。
unit13 Oscar Wilde
His Education
(1) Wilde studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874 (2) He was awarded a scholarship in Magdalen college, Oxford from1874 to 1878. There he fell under the influence of the critic Walter Pater. Pater preached “Art for Art’s sake”. He became renowned for his brilliant conversations. His exotic appearance---long hair, knee breeches and lily in hand---led to his nickname: apostle of Aestheticism.
Quotation
"Men become old, but they never become good." -- ―Lady Windermere's Fan‖ "Women are meant to be loved, not to be understood." -- ―The Sphinx Without a Secret‖ "One should always be in love. That is the reason one should never marry." -- ―A Woman of No Importance‖
His Career
In 1882, Wilde was invited to make speech in America. He stayed a year in America. The tour proved to be a huge success.
Oscar Wilde
---- Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde, 1854－1900），出生于爱尔兰都柏林市，先后在都柏林三一学院和牛津大学学习。
他是19世纪唯美主义在英国的代言人，“为艺术而艺术”的倡导者，认为生活是丑恶的，只有美才具有永恒的价值。
王尔德的唯美主义作品主要有小说《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray，1891）和诗剧《莎乐美》（Salome, 1893）。
从19世纪90年代起王尔德开始创作风俗喜剧，获得极大成功，把英国戏剧复兴推向一个高潮。
他的剧作《温德米尔夫人的扇子》（Lady Windermere's Fan, 1892）、《一个无足轻重的女人》（A Woman of No Importance, 1893）、《理想的丈夫》（An Ideal Husband, 1895）、《名叫认真的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895）等都广受欢迎。
此外，他的诗作和童话故事也得到读者的喜爱。
事业如日中天时，王尔德因与他人的情感纠纷入狱服苦役两年。
监狱生活毁了他的健康，除了《里丁狱之歌》（The Ballad of Reading Gaol, 1898）外，他再无其他杰作问世。
1900年1月30日王尔德孤独地死在法国巴黎。
王尔德的作品早在“五·四”运动前就被介绍到中国来，在我国文学近代化过程中起过一定推进作用Sample paragraphs: HIGH above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.快乐王子的雕像耸立在城里一个高高的柱子上。
Oscar wilde 一生英语
Sayings
Wilde's tomb
• · are all in the gutter，but some of we us are looking at the staring. • · 我们都在阴沟里,但仍有人在仰望星空
•
Plays
The Duchess of Padua，1893年 《帕都瓦公爵夫人》 Salomé，1893年 《莎樂美》 （原著用法語 寫成） A Woman of No Importance,1892年 《無足 輕重的女人》 （1893年Theatre Royal Haymarket首演
Poetry
Lord Alfred Douglas and Oscar Wilde
His Works
Novel The Picture of Dorian Gray，1891年 《道林· 格雷的畫像》 Fairy Tale The Happy Prince and Other Tales，1888年 《快樂王子和其他故事》 A House of Pomegranates，1891年 《石榴屋》
His homosexual tendencies brought into
open by his involvement with Alfred（阿俄伏雷德） Douglas（哥拉丝）. In 1895, Marquess（候爵）of Queensberry（困丝波里）, father of Alfred, accused （控告）Wilde of sodomy（同性恋）. While in prison he wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol and De Pro fundis, which recorded （记录）his humiliation（耻辱） and despair. Released from prison in 1897 and penniless（贫穷）, he went to France and die within three years; he was forty-six.
名家资料英文介绍：奥斯卡·王尔德 Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), Irish poet and dramatist whose reputation rests on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere's Fan温夫人的扇子(1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重要性(1895). Among Wilde's other best-known works are his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安•格雷的画像(1891) and his fairy tales especially "The Happy Prince."Wilde was born on October 16, 1854 in Dublin to unconventional parents - his mother Lady Jane Francesca Wilde (1820-96), was a poet and journalist. His father was Sir William Wilde, an Irish antiquarian古物研究者,收集古物者（antiques）, gifted writer, and specialist in diseases of the eye and ear. Wilde studied at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh (1864-71), Trinity College, Dublin (1871-74) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1874-78).In 1878 Wilde received his B.A. and in the same year he moved to London. His lifestyle and humorous wit soon made him the spokesman forAestheticism(唯美主义), the late 19th century movement in England that advocated art for art's sake. He worked as art reviewer (1881), lectured in the United States and Canada (1882), and lived in Paris (1883). Between the years 1883 and 1884 he lectured in Britain. From the mid-1880s he was a regular contributor for Pall Mall Gazette and Dramatic View. In 1884 Wilde married Constance Lloyd (died 1898), and to support his family Wilde edited in 1887-89 Woman's World. In 1888 he published The Happy Prince and Other Tales, fairy-stories written for his two sons. Wilde's marriage ended in 1893. He had met a few years earlier Lord Alfred Douglas, an athlete and a poet, who became both the love of the author's life and his downfall.Wilde made his reputation in the theatre world between the years 1892 and 1895 with a series of highly popular plays. Lady Windermere's Fan (1892) dealt with a blackmailing divorce driven to self-sacrifice by maternal love. In A Woman of NoImportance一个无足轻重的女人(1893) an illegitimate son is torn between his father and mother. An Ideal Husband (1895) dealt with blackmail, political corruption and public and private honor. The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) was about two fashionable young gentlemen and their eventually successful courtship. Before his theatrical success Wilde produced several essays. His two major literary-theoretical works were the dialogues "The Decay of Lying"谎言的衰朽(1889) and "The Critic as Artist"作为艺术家的批评家(1890).Although married and the father of two children, Wilde's personal life was open to rumors. His years of triumph ended dramatically, when his intimate association with Alfred Douglas led to his trial on charges of homosexuality (then illegal in Britain). He was sentenced to two years hard labor for the crime . Wilde was first in Wandsworth prison, London, and then in Reading Gaol. During this time he wrote De Profundis (1905), a dramaticmonologue and autobiography, which was addressed to Alfred Douglas.After his release in 1897 Wilde in Berneval, near Dieppe. He wrote "The Ballad民谣of Reading Gaol 监狱"累丁狱之歌, revealing his concern for inhumane prison conditions. Wilde died of cerebral meningitis(脑膜炎) on November 30, 1900, penniless, in a cheap Paris hotel at the age of 46.Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), Irish poet and dramatist whose reputation rests on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere's Fan(1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). Among Wilde's other best-known works are his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891) and his fairy tales especially "The Happy Prince."Wilde was born on October 16, 1854 in Dublin to unconventional parents - his mother Lady JaneFrancesca Wilde (1820-96), was a poet and journalist. His father was Sir William Wilde, an Irish antiquarian（antiques）, gifted writer, and specialist in diseases of the eye and ear. Wilde studied at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh (1864-71), Trinity College, Dublin (1871-74) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1874-78).In 1878 Wilde received his B.A. and in the same year he moved to London. His lifestyle and humorous wit soon made him the spokesman for Aestheticism(唯美主义), the late 19th century movement in England that advocated art for art's sake. He worked as art reviewer (1881), lectured in the United States and Canada (1882), and lived in Paris (1883). Between the years 1883 and 1884 he lectured in Britain. From the mid-1880s he was a regular contributor for Pall Mall Gazette and Dramatic View. In 1884 Wilde married Constance Lloyd (died 1898), and to support his family Wilde edited in 1887-89 Woman's World. In 1888 hepublished The Happy Prince and Other Tales, fairy-stories written for his two sons. Wilde's marriage ended in 1893. He had met an few years earlier Lord Alfred Douglas, an athlete and a poet, who became both the love of the author's life and his downfall.Wilde made his reputation in the theatre world between the years 1892 and 1895 with a series of highly popular plays. Lady Windermere's Fan (1892) dealt with a blackmailing divorce driven to self-sacrifice by maternal love. In A Woman of No Importance (1893) an illegitimate son is torn between his father and mother. An Ideal Husband (1895) dealt with blackmail, political corruption and public and private honor. The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) was about two fashionable young gentlemen and their eventually successful courtship. Before his theatrical success Wilde produced several essays. His two major literary-theoretical works were the dialogues "The Decay of Lying" (1889) and "The Critic as Artist" (1890).Although married and the father of two children, Wilde's personal life was open to rumors. His years of triumph ended dramatically, when his intimate association with Alfred Douglas led to his trial on charges of homosexuality (then illegal in Britain). He was sentenced to two years hard labor for the crime . Wilde was first in Wandsworth prison, London, and then in Reading Gaol. During this time he wrote De Profundis (1905), a dramatic monologue and autobiography, which was addressed to Alfred Douglas.After his release in 1897 Wilde in Berneval, near Dieppe. He wrote "The Ballad民谣of Reading Gao 监狱l", revealing his concern for inhumane prison conditions. Wilde died of cerebral meningitis(脑膜炎) on November 30, 1900, penniless, in a cheap Paris hotel at the age of 46.。
Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡 王尔德)
• Wilde full confidence and extraordinary talent, though his old age is very down and out, but his artistic achievements still makes him the world's classic artists. His fairy tale also won the readers the favor Wilde and therefore known as the “fairy tale prince.”
Oscar Wilde's sayings
王尔德语录
love
• The only difference between a caprice(随意) and a life-long passion is that the caprice lasts a little longer. • 逢场作戏和终身不渝之间的区别只在于逢场作戏稍微长一些。 • When one is in love, one always begins by ving one’s self, and one always ends by deceiving others. • 恋爱总是以自欺开始，以欺人结束。 • The very essence of romance is uncertainty. • 浪漫的精髓就在于它充满种种可能。
• Wilde lived through legend（传奇）, because the gay lover Alfred Douglas (Lord Alfred Douglas) for up to four years in prison contacts were reported. Left England to settle in France after his release until November 30, 1900 due to meningitis（脑膜炎） in Paris hotel Alsace (Alsace) died.
奥斯卡王尔德世纪末英国最具才华的作家
奥斯卡王尔德世纪末英国最具才华的作家奥斯卡·王尔德：世纪末英国最具才华的作家奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末至20世纪初英国最具才华的作家之一。
他以其犀利的才智、机智的幽默和对社会道德的挑战而闻名于世。
在他的短暂而辉煌的生涯中，他创作了一系列深刻和引人入胜的剧作、小说和散文，成为英国文学史上的经典人物。
本文将探讨王尔德的生平与作品，揭示他是如何成为世纪末英国最具才华的作家的。
生平与背景奥斯卡·王尔德于1854年10月16日出生在都柏林一个受人尊敬的家庭中。
他在都柏林的贵族学校接受教育，并在牛津大学学习古典文学。
在校期间，他表现出非凡的才华和对文学的热爱。
他的第一本书是以拉丁文写成的诗集，引起了一些关注。
毕业后，他迁居伦敦，开始了他的文学生涯。
作品与成就作为一位多产的作家，奥斯卡·王尔德涉猎广泛，涵盖了戏剧、小说和散文等多个领域。
他最知名的作品是剧作《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray），这是一部关于美、堕落和道德的经典之作。
这部小说以其惊人的描写和对人性的深刻洞察力而成为文学界的杰作。
除了《道林·格雷的画像》，奥斯卡·王尔德还写了其他一些备受赞誉的剧本，如《重要的人物》（The Importance of Being Earnest）和《万王之王》（The King of the Golden River）。
这些作品展示了他出色的幽默感和对社会伪善的批判。
与作品一样，奥斯卡·王尔德本人也是个极具魅力的人物。
他以他的风格和外表成为了当时社交场合的焦点。
他善于与人交往，并能够在他的言辞中融入机智的幽默。
然而，他的生活并不尽如人意。
1895年，他因为与男性有染的指控而被判入狱两年。
这件事对他的创作和声誉造成了巨大的打击。
遗产与影响奥斯卡·王尔德的才华和影响力不仅体现在他的作品中，也体现在他对文化和社会观念的塑造上。
OscarWilde英文简介
Oscar Wilde英文简介奥斯卡·王尔德，是最伟大的作家与艺术家之一，唯美主义代表人物，下面是店铺给大家整理的Oscar Wilde英文简介，供大家参阅! oscar wilde简介Oscar Wilde (1854 ~ 1900), born in the 19th century in the UK (in the case of Ireland, but then ruled by the British.) One of the greatest writers and artists, with his plays, poetry, fairy tales and fiction famous. Aestheticist figures, the main body of the aesthetic movement of the 1880s and the pioneers of the 90's decadent movement.oscar wilde人物生平Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, a family of outstanding family, is the second son of the family. His father, Sir William Wilde, was a surgeon whose mother was a poet and writer.In 1864, Oscar Wilde was at the Royal College of Putuo in the house of Ennis, and was not particularly popular among the boys. During school, he loves flowers, sunset and Greek literature. Although the teacher was often dismissed as lazy, but he was in the last year of this school is still on behalf of classical literature achievements of the best honor of the Toro Gold Medal.In 1871, the Dublin Trinity College Scholarship was awarded at the age of 17. He met Professor Mahaffi at this school, and the professor had a considerable influence on Wilde's life. Many years later, he recalled that Mahafir was "a very talkative person, an artist who was good at using eloquence and vivid words.After graduating from Trinity College in Dublin, Wilde received a full scholarship from the University of Oxford at Magdalen College in 1874. In Oxford, Wilde was influenced by Walter Pate and John Raskin's aesthetic ideas and touched on theNew Hegelian philosophy, Darwinian theory of evolution and the pre-Raphaelite work, which became a pioneer of his aestheticism The writer established the direction. After the publication of the first "poem", he began to emerge in the literary world, and came to London development. Although the young Wilde has not yet received a literary award, but the clothing eye-catching, talk wit, maverick in London social circles have been a minor celebrity, some magazines and even published his satirical article.In 1875, Wilde traveled to Italy during the summer vacation and wrote one of the early poems "San Miniato", "San Miniato"), but this poem was published only a few years later. In 1877, Oscar Wilde and the other two young people to accompany Mahafhe to Greece to travel, for the Greek natural landscape and exquisite buildings dumped, so linger, delayed class. After returning to Oxford, he was fined £ 45 by the sc hool and the following year was fine for his academic excellence. In 1878, Oscar Wilde in the last year of Oxford in the last year is extremely beautiful, not only academic performance among the best, but also to poetry "La Fenner" to win a school poetry competition. The winning poems were financed by the school and became the first published works by Oscar Wilde. Wilde moved from Oxford to London, claiming to be a professor of aestheticism. In 1880, at this time Wilde has been cut out in the London social circle, "clumsy" magazine began to take his appearance joke. His first play "Vera" in the same year to complete, but no big response, and finally for political reasons did not staged in London. In 1881, by the Gilbert and Sullivan written by the aestheticist humorist "Peas" did not intend to bring a bad reputation for Wilde. Wang Erde poetry published in the same year, may be poet at their own expense.In 1882, Wilde made a wonderful tour in the United States,two years later he and Constance Lloyd (Constance Lloyd) love married, two sons Cyril (Cyril) and Vivian (Vyvyan) also Was born in 1885 and 1886.In 1887, Wilde became the executive editor of a women's magazine called "Women's World" (formerly known as "Lady of the World", Oscar Wilde's renamed), and published some of his novels, comments and poems in magazines. Wilde's works are famous for their rhetoric and beauty. In May 1888, published "Happy Prince and other stories". June 20, 1890, in the newspaper serial novel "Dorian Gray's portrait", lay the status of decadent artists. His first novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, was published in 1891. The opportunity for the creation of the novel was due to the fact that Wilde had visited a famous painter, and the male model of the painter was so young and beautiful. Sigh: "Unfortunately, such a beautiful creature, or a day of aging." The painter replied: Yes ah, if you can make the painting he replaced him like old. Later, Wilde created the novel "The Portrait of Dawn Gray", and Wilde, in order to thank the painter, named his painter in his name, and then he published the prose "The Soul of Socialism" Both of these works are very successful, but the real success for Wilde is his drama works.It can be said that each of his drama works are warmly welcomed, there is a period of time, London stage actually staged him Three of his works are known as the best comedy works since Sheridan's "rumor school".In 1895, Marquess of Queensberry found Lord Alfred Douglas (Nickname "Bosie") and Oscar Wilde for four years and accused of Oscar Wilde and went to Oscar Wilde To the celebrity club to paste the note: "Oscar Oscar Wilde - pretend to be a traitor." Publicly denounced Wilde is a good male "soders" (at that time has not yet born "gay" the term). The allegations madeWilde immediately write to his friend Ross.The Marquis of Queensberry is a tyrannical father, and Douglas has been arguing for a long time, and the angry Alfred Douglas called Wilde immediately appealed to the Marquis to corrupt his reputation. As a result, Wilde's appeal failed, and he was told that "committing acts of gross indecency with other men persons". According to the United Kingdom 1855 harsh criminal law amendments Part 11, Wilde was convicted, in Reading and Bentonville prison served two years of hard labor. In the past two years, Wilde stopped the drama creation, wrote the poem in the prison "song of the prison song" and the letter set "abyss Jane." In these two works, his style has changed, it is difficult to find the impact of aestheticism. During his stay in Wilde, his wife Constance and two children changed their name to Holland, moved to Italy, and most of his friends in the social and literary circles were fearless of him. Only a handful of people such as playwright George Bernard Shaw still stand up to maintain him.On May 1, 1895, the jury could not agree on Wilde's charges, and a juror agreed to bail Wilde. May 7, was released from prison. May 20, the case the second session. May 25, Wilde because of "serious indecent assault", was sentenced to forced labor for two years, first detained in London Bentonville prison, July 4 transfer to London Wandsworth prison, November 20 was transferred from the 30 miles west of London's Reading prison. On September 24 and November 12 of the year, the court conducted two bankruptcy investigations against Oscar Wilde and declared its bankruptcy.Released in 1897, Wilde took to Paris, for the British he was disappointed, no longer have the slightest nostalgia. He had triedto mix with Constance for two children, but Alfred Douglas offered to meet him and said he wanted to rebuild with Wilde, and Wilde chose Douglas. He lived in France during the name of the completion of the "Reading of the song", in 1898 Wilde and Douglas travel to Italy, but the last two still break up, the two together was not as good as the original, after the release of Wilde scenery Then, Douglas began to understand that Wilde was no longer the married and everyone envy of the successful people. But if they had been in love and tired of talking to the far apart, the wayward Douglas had earlier said to Oscar Wilde: "If you are no longer the taller of Oscar, it is no longer interesting.In 1900, Wilde finally changed his Catholicism with the help of his friend and his same-sex lover, Robert Robbie Ross, who was the first gay man of Wilde, Rose's temptation led him to the path of homosexuality, when Rose was 17 and Wilde was 32. Although Wilde was later obsessed with Douglas, but for many years he loved Oscar Wilde and gave him help, and Ross's ashes were in his last wish Together). In the same year on November 30 due to meningitis in Paris, Alsa(Alsace) died, at the age of 46 years old, only when Ross died with another friend to accompany him. Oscar Wilde in the cemetery of Paris, according to his poetry in the "Sphinx" in the image, carved into a small Sphinx.At the end of the twentieth century, after nearly a century later, the British finally gave Wilde a statue of honor. On November 30, 1998, the statue of Oscar Wilde, sculpted by McGee Hamlin, was unveiled at Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square, London. The statue is titled "Dialogue with Oscar Wilde" and engraved with quotes from Oscar Wilde: "We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking At the stars.)oscar wilde写作特点fairy taleAlthough Wilde's tragic fairy tale works regardless of the story is hidden behind the same sex or the opposite sex of the affair, his language used to modify the language of love almost a flashy beauty, but this beauty for the secular love of the ultimate disillusionment and disappearance of the matter , To be able to achieve the perfect only love of Christ and supreme art. As Wilde himself says, "the purpose of art is not simply real, but complex beauty." He presents a tragic story of aestheticism in a unique narrative way, creating an unspeakable beauty.Compared to the tragic fate of the Greek tragedy, Shakespearean drama humanist lonely pain, Hemingway's never-ending tragedy heroic spirit, he narrates is the beauty of life and sorrow - the ordinary life of love, the spirit of the world Beauty, and the destruction of the two to the great pain of the human mind, highlighting the divine salvation and fate of Christ. Wilde did not repeat the prince and the princess happy to live a hundred years of cliche, do not express good and good evil evil report of the good wishes, only a kind of indifferent tone to describe the tragedy, with the characters staggered perspective and vision Let the reader hear the long sigh of the fish, the nightingale last life if the hairspring song, the dwarf mourn cry and his heart rupture sound. As an implied author, he has always been silent on the story of the characters, so that Christ's death in the call to become a farewell tragic fate of the best end of the ceremony. He repeatedly inquired about the contradictions and paradoxes that existed in life in an imperfect fairy tale, and fascinated the difficulties and complexities of the real society, showing his perfect and pure pursuit of art, love and life in atortuous way and using his own works Predicted his unique line of life: walking in the hedonism and sensibility of the edge, swinging between the material and the spirit of love both desire and despair, dying in the lonely converted to the Catholic Church, into the embrace of Christ, and he The tragedy of the characters in general, get his true peace of mind.PoetryAestheticism is not only the inheritance and development of romantic poetry, more importantly, its innovation. The most famous slogan of the aesthetic movement is "art for art", which is one of the reasons why this literary movement can develop in the middle and late stages of Victorian Victorian feud. In 1895 Wilde was jailed for the so-called "guilty conscience", even though his inspiration was not affected during his sentence. In a classic work entitled "From Deep", he wrote more than once that "I am a symbol of art and culture in this era," and even muttered in his mouth before his death, Beauty, only the beauty is like this. "Wilde's dedication to art, the rebellion and innovation of the practice of traditional poetry, the poem "Riding Prison Songs" is the best embodiment. "Lyon Prison Song" by Oscar Wilde in prison after the start of creation in 1897 and completed in 1898, is his last great poem. The whole poem is divided into six parts, a total of 660 lines, six lines a poem, which he changed the traditional narrative lines, expressed the feelings of other prisoners, especially described the evil university, moral decay and prison system of non-human abuse The This poem is to commemorate the situation of a royal guard soldier who will be hanged for murdering his wife. In this poem, he tried to use the words that could better express his thoughts, seemingly felt andimprovised, and in fact included the examination and judgment of the whole society, which was inseparable from his two years of prison life Relationship. In the whole poem, he used the repetitive rhetorical means, the slight syllable changes. In verses 443 and 444, "fear is striding forward in front of us; terror is treading behind us", which increasingly adds to the horrific atmosphere that is creepy. This poetic realistic description of the situation so that readers feel the same, really achieve the purpose of aesthetics.FictionWilde created a lot of work in his life. He is rich in materials, covered a wide range. There are reviews, fairy tale, there is drama. But his novel is only one - "the portrait of Dorian Gray" (1890). In this novel, Wilde in this novel, with rich imagination, bizarre plot, beautiful writing, full of philosophical language, exposing the British high society of spiritual emptiness and moral sink, intertwined with good and evil, beauty and ugliness, soul The tragedy of the destruction of the flesh, the image of the author's own outlook on life, morality and art. This novel, with a unique artistic conception of the visualization of the "art first" theory. The painter Bessel does not create portraits for fame and fortune, because of his pursuit of "beauty" in the process, in the portrait into their own "all effort", so that the portrait has an unusual "beauty" and peculiar vitality. The author through such an arrangement to explain: only the implementation of "art for art and art" to create the works of art can be counted as eternal lofty perfection to the works of art. It is reflected in the "aestheticism", "art for art" and other views, with Marxist-Leninist view of literature and art is certainly not biased, but we should see that this time the intellectuals trying to escape the capitalist systemUnder the evil of the kind of naive idea, can be considered that this is a negative reaction to the capitalist system.DramaWilde's great achievement in the drama is the language of the dialogue dialogue, and every word is worth considering. Wilde is a brave playwright, his humorous language reveals the decay and chaos of the upper class society. Many famous aphorisms even come from some negative roles, which makes the conversation even more interesting, but also makes the characters more full and true shape. It is the use of rhetorical devices that make Wilde's play meaningful and flourishing.For Wilde, contradictory rhetoric fully embodies his witty language style. He uses a pair of semantics, opposite words are used together to express more complex thoughts and feelings or to explain a meaningful philosophy. The magical effect of contradictory rhetoric is to reveal the complex psychological contradictions and philosophy of life in the inner world. "In the" ideal husband ", Mabel Chilton said:" I really like London! This has been fully proved, the whole city is a beautiful fool and outstanding madman. "Muller said she loved London and it was well proved, but her argument was that London was full of beautiful fools and outstanding madmen." Beautiful "," fool "," outstanding "," madman " The contradictory statements reveal Wilde's irony to the upper classes.In the fourth act of Mrs. Windermere's fan, when Windermere misunderstood Mrs. Olin and satirical, Mrs. Olin said, "I am in the fourth act of Mrs. Windermere's play. Dear Windermere, the first act of courtesy, after the German character! "(My Dear Wintermiere. Eloquel moarls!) The use of the first rhyme so that Mrs. Olin's answer is decent and humorous, showing herdemeanor.The comparison is also a technique commonly used by Oscar Wilde. By using the control, Wilde's language is more fluent, the role is more vivid, more prominent. In the final scene of Mrs Windermere's fan, when the Duke of Windermere evaluated his wife, she said to her wife, "My dear, you and she belong to two different worlds, there is no evil in your world." Replied: "Arthur, do not say that this is our common world, good and evil, evil and innocence, are co-exist." Through the control, a profound reflection of the change of Windermere's attitude reflects the Her thought was mature, her eyes had been evil Lady Olin helped her, to prevent her elope with the lover and to maintain her original perfect marriage, after all this, she no longer with simple good and evil to look at this world, but To treat yourself with others in an inclusive manner.。
oscar wilde
A gifted poet, playwright, and wit, Oscar Wilde was a phenomenon in 19th century England. He was illustrious for preaching the importance of style in life and art, and of attacking Victorian narrow mindedness. The main achievements in the literary fairy tale, poetry, fiction, drama and so on
The End
* 短篇故事集： 《坎特维尔之鬼》(The Canterville Ghost) 《模范百万富翁》(The Model Millionaire) 《没有秘密的斯芬克斯》 （The Sphinx Without A Secret) 《亚瑟· 萨维尔勋爵的罪行》 (The Arthur Savile’s Crime)
* 意图集（INTENTIONS）： 《笔秆子、画笔和毒药 》（Pen 、Pencil And Poison); 《身为艺术家的评论者》（The Critic As Artist); 《谎言的衰朽》(The Decay Of Lying); 《面具下的真实》（The Truth Of Masks).
Modern Dramatists
-----Oscar wilde(奥斯卡.王尔德)
董丽芳
Oscar Wilde (1856-1900) : Wilde's father was a doctor and his mother was a poet, both high quality arts and culture, to exert a crucial influence on his inspiration in literature and arts. In the Oxford University student, Oscar Wilde by his teacher Ruskin (fairy tale "The River King," the authors), together with their own talent and began trying to create.
Oscar Wilde
Comedies of society
Main articles: Lady Windermere's Fan, （ first performed on 20 February 1892 at St James Theatre, packed with the cream of society） A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband
奥斯卡•王尔德，十九世纪与萧伯纳齐名的 大才子，剧作家、评论家、诗人、散文家， 出生于爱尔兰，是英国唯美主义文学的代表 人物，“为艺术而艺术”的倡导者之一。
Apprenticeship of an aesthete: 1880s Debut in society
代表作品： 1.小说《道林· 格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray，1891年） 2.骇世之作《狱中记》De Profundis 最为著名。
Oscar Wilde（1854—1900）
奥斯卡· 王尔德
Wilde.Oscar, the celebrated Irish born wit , novelist , playwright , poet , and critic , was the chief proponent of the aesthetic movement, based on the principle of "Art for Art 's Sake".
De Profundis (letter) 狱中记
O.Wilde在狱中给自己的同性恋密友道格拉斯(Lord Alfred Douglas) 即Bosie的长信。
First part: Wilde's account of time with Douglas; Second part: Christ as a romantic artist
英国文学 Oscar Wilde ppt课件
the school of “ Art for Art’s Sake”. 1895 he was arrested and sentenced to jail for
homosexuality. After 2 years of imprisonment, he emigrated to France and
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Literature of 90’s
• In the late Victorian Age , there was an overall change of attitude in literature. The writers of the 1890’s are sometimes styled "Late Victorians" and sometimes "the first of the moderns".
PPT课件
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Oscar Wilde : Life / writing
(17 years of success in Britain and in America ) A Critic of literature and of society:
The Decay of Lying (1889) The Soul of Man Under Socialism (1891)
A Novelist: The Portrait of Dorian Gray (1891)
PPT课件
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Oscar Wilde : Life / writing
﹡As one of the greatest Playwrights of the Victorian Era: Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892) A Woman of No Importance (1893) Salome (1893) An Ideal Husband (1895) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
Oscar_Wilde
◎朱广春奥斯卡·王尔德：英国唯美主义先锋作家/人物志Life Style Track 4Oscar Wilde:The Pioneer Writer of British Aestheticism 他是著名的作家、诗人、戏剧家，是十九世纪与萧伯纳齐名的英国才子。
回顾他的一生，匆匆四十六年，在巅峰处跌落谷底，在病痛中走向人生的终点。
然而，他留下的妙言警句却仍然被后人征引，作品更是成为不朽的经典。
正如余光中所说，他的锦心绣口，微言大义，历经一百多年犹能令他的广大读者与观众惊喜甚至深思。
他就是英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者——奥斯卡·王尔德。
Oscar Wilde (1854–1900), was an advocate of the British aestheticism art movement, and a famous writer, poet and playwright. He has been regarded as one of the greatest British writers and artists of the 19th century.Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1854. His father was a surgeon and his mother was a writer. He received a good education in his childhood, and began to 1)emerge in the literary world after publishing his first book Poetry Anthology .Wilde entered Magdalen College, University of Oxford in 1874. During this period, he was influenced by the aesthetic concepts of Walter Pater and John Ruskin, and was exposed to the works of the Neo-Hegelian philosophy, Darwin’s theory of evolution, and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood movement, which laid the foundation for his later becoming a pioneer writer of aestheticism.In 1888, his first collection of fairy tales, The Happy Prince and Other Tales, was published, which included The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Selfish Giant, The Devoted Friend, and The Remarkable Rocket , causing an immediate sensation. These works not only attracted children, but also stirred up a lot of waves in the/人物志Life Stylehearts of adults. They were deeply moved by its beautiful language and 2)exquisite beauty. Beauty has always been the theme of Wilde’s fairy tales, existing against 3)ugliness. In The Happy Prince, the prince and the little swallow, in The Nightingale and the Rose, the nightingale, are all 4)embodiments of beauty and carriers of beauty, and Wilde attributes the ultimate beauty of humannature to ultimate love.In 1891, his first novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray,was published. In the same year, another collectionof his fairy tales, A House of Pomegranates, wasreleased, which included The Young King, TheBirthday of the Infanta, The Fisherman andHis Soul, and The Star-child, bringing himgreat fame. However, what truly earned him areputation was his theatrical works. His threeworks were once 5)simultaneously performedon the London stage. The most famous one isThe Importance of Being Earnest, which is acomedy that satirizes the mainstream societyat that time. Therefore, he and GeorgeBernard Shaw are called the “two flags” ofmodern British drama.1) emerge v. 浮现；显露2) exquisite adj. 精美的3) ugliness n. 丑陋4) embodiment n. 化身5) simultaneously adv. 同时地/人物志Life Style Wilde’s life was full of ups and downs. In the Victorian era at the end of the 19th century, there was a fierce conflict between the old and new fashions in the British upper class, and Wilde’s free style quicklymade him a victim of this conflict. In May 1895, he was convicted and sentenced to 2 years in prison. In November 1900, he died of illness at a hotel in Paris at the age of 46.In November 1998, after nearly a century of disrepute, the United Kingdom finally erected a bronze statue in honor of Oscar Wilde in Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square, London. Under the bronze statue is written what he said, “We’re all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.”In October 2007, according to Reuters, a British television channel called UKTV announced the list of “Most Intelligent British People” selected by the public through voting. Wilde received over 20% of the votes and was elected as the most intelligent master in the hearts of the public.In October 2013, The Guardian reported that in the fifth edition of the Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations , Oscar Wilde became the writer with the most quoted quotations.Reading these words by Wilde,have you felt that he was too muchof a maverick in the history of Englishliterature?Disobedience is man’s original virtue.To love yourself is the beginning of lifelong romance.Be yourself; everyone else is already taken....奥斯卡·王尔德（1854—1900），英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者，著名的作家、诗人、戏剧家，被誉为19世纪英国最伟大的作家与艺术家之一。
英语文学-Oscar-Wilde-奥斯卡-王尔德介绍
The pictures of the three main Characters
Dorian Gray 道林 格雷
Basil Hallward 巴兹尔 霍尔华德
Lord Henry 亨利
Main Plot 主要情节
The novel tells of a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Basil is impressed by Dorian's beauty and becomes infatuated with him, believing his beauty is responsible for a new mode in his art. Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basil's, and becomes enthralled by Lord Henry's world view.
Main works 主要作品
• Novels 小说
The Picture of Dorian Gray(道林·格雷的画像)
• Fairy tales 童话
The happy prince（快乐王子） The nightingale and the rose（夜莺与蔷薇） The selfish Giant（自私的巨人） The fisherman and his soul（渔人和他的灵魂） The star-child（星孩）
• His imprisonment indicates the end of the Aesthetic
Oscar_Wilde (1)1
Photographs of Oscar Wilde & Lord Alfred Douglas
Place: Oxford Date: summer 1893
Date: probably 1892 Place: Oxford Date: summer 1893
In 1900, he died when he was forty-six.,and was buried in Paris.
/faculty/projects/ftrials/wild e/images.html
Titles
•A
novelist, essayist, poet, dramatist
•With Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Sheridan, and known as the four peaks in the history of the British dramas. •A master of Aestheticism in the late nineteenth century •A rare talent in the history of English literature
His tomb was carved into a small sphinx斯芬克斯 according to the image in his collection of poems
Sphinx .
The trials of Oscar Wilde (1895)
Envelope and note that were basis of libel suit
– "There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written or badly written." – "A little sincerity is a dangerous thing, and a great deal of it is absolutely fatal." – "But beauty, real beauty, ends where an intellectual expression begins. Intellect is in itself a mode of exaggeration, and destroys the harmony of any face."
英国文学 Oscar Wilde
His writing features:
He demonstrated a breaking away from the conventional well-made plays of the 1870s
﹡and 1880s. he expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption, their snobbery, and their hypocrisy in his plays. In brilliance of verbal wit, wilde is close akin to George Bernard Shaw.
• The most important literary movement in this final decade, is the Aestheticism, represented by Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde : Life / writing
Born and grew up in Dublin Educated in Dublin’s Trinity College and Oxford. After his graduation in 1878, he settled in London where he
led a gloomy life there. Died in 1900 and buried in Paris.
The Aesthetic Movement:
It is a loosely defined movement in art and in literature in later 19th century Britain. the Aestheticism had its forerunners in John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Oscar_Wilde 简介(身平,作品列表,作品(沙乐美)与(道林格雷的画像)介绍,对作者的评论
Position and Influence
• He advocated massive use of symbols and correspondence between words, colors and music. • In theory, he reconsidered the relation between art and life. • Inheriting Gautier‟s view “art for art‟s sake(为艺术而艺术)”, he advocated that life is the imitation(模仿) of art. • Art used only to celebrate beauty and provide the sensorial pleasures.
Life
• Born in 1856, in Dublin. • Educated at Oxford ,attended Ruskin’s lectures and deeply influenced by his teacher . • In 1882.he went on a lecturetour to American and announced that he had “nothing to declare but genius” • In 1884, Wilde married Constance Lloyd. They had two sons, Cyril (1885) and Viviane (1886).
• 此小说具有很强的唯美倾向，不但文辞绚丽，意象新颖， 有许多带有王尔德特色的俏皮话和幽默，同时更隐约透露 出同性恋意味。 • 本书详细描绘维多利亚时期的伦敦生活，攻击当时有礼却 虚伪的上流社会，并以浮士德式的主人公格雷所犯的“罪 恶”为主题，在当时处于维多利亚时代晚期的英国社会算 是相当特立独行的文学作品。 • 王尔德在本书将自己的聪明才智展现得淋漓尽致，让当时 受到舆论批判、排斥的他，如今终得世人公正的评价。
Oscar Wilde简介
作者简介Oscar Wilde作者生平概述Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the circumstances of his imprisonment, followed by his early death.Wilde's parents were successful Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life. At university Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. He also profoundly explored Roman Catholicism, to which he would later convert on his deathbed. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States of America and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art", and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation, Wilde had become one of the most well-known personalities of his day.At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. He wrote Salome (1891) in French in Paris but it was refused a licence. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London.At the height of his fame and success, whilst his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), was still on stage in London, Wilde sued the Marquess of Queensberry, the father of his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, for libel. The trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest, tried for gross indecency with other men. After two more trials he was convicted and imprisoned for two years' hard labour. In prison he wrote De Profundis (written in 1897 & published in 1905), a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of forty-six.以下为一些作者生平的细节(PS.如果多的话可删除,只留下作者生平概述和两个表格即可)Debut in societyAfter graduation from Oxford, Wilde returned to Dublin, where he met again Florence Balcombe, a childhood sweetheart. She, however, became engaged to Bram Stoker and they married in 1878. Wilde was disappointed but stoic: he wrote to her, remembering "the two sweet years –the sweetest years of all my youth" they had spent together. He also stated his intention to "return to England, probably for good". This he did in 1878, only briefly visiting Ireland twice.Unsure of his next step, he wrote to various acquaintances enquiring about Classics positions at Oxford or Cambridge. The Rise of Historical Criticism was his submission for the Chancellor's Essay prize of 1879, which, though no longer a student, he was still eligible to enter. Its subject, "Historical Criticism among the Ancients" seemed ready-made for Wilde –with both his skill in composition and ancient learning – but he struggled to find his voice with the long, flat, scholarly style. Unusually, no prize was awarded that year. With the last of his inheritance from the sale of his father's houses, he set himself up as a bachelor in London. The 1881 British Census listed Wilde as a boarder at 1Tite Street, Chelsea, where Frank Miles, a society painter, was the head of the household. Wilde would spend the next six years in London and Paris, and in the United States where he travelled to deliver lectures. He had been publishing lyrics and poems in magazines since his entering Trinity College, especially in Kottabos and the Dublin University Magazine. In mid-1881, at 27 years old, Poems collected, revised and expanded his poetic efforts. The book was generally well received, and sold out its first print run of 750 copies, prompting further printings in 1882. Bound in a rich, enamel, parchment cover (embossed with gilt blossom) and printed on hand-made Dutch paper, Wilde would present many copies to the dignitaries and writers who received him over the next few years. The Oxford Union condemned the book for alleged plagiarism in a tight vote. The librarian, who had requested the book for the library, returned the presentation copy to Wilde with a note of apology. Richard Ellmann argues that Wilde's poem "Hélas!" was a sincere, though flamboyant, attempt to explain the dichotomies he saw in himself:To drift with every passion till my soulIs a stringed lute on which all winds can playPunch was less enthusiastic, "The poet is Wilde, but his poetry's tame" was their verdict.Journalism and editorship: 1886–89Oscar Wilde reclines with Poems for Napoleon Sarony in New York in 1882. Wilde often liked to appear idle, though in fact he worked hard; by the late ’80s he was a father, an editor, and a writer.Criticism over artistic matters in the Pall Mall Gazette provoked a letter in self-defence, and soon Wilde was a contributor to that and other journals during the years 1885–87. He enjoyed reviewing and journalism; the form suited his style. He could organise and share his views on art, literature and life, yet in a format less tedious than lecturing. Buoyed up, his reviews were largely chatty and positive. Wilde, like his parents before him, also supported the cause of Irish Nationalism. When Charles Stewart Parnell was falsely accused of inciting murder Wilde wrote a series of astute columns defending him in the Daily Chronicle.His flair, having previously only been put into socialising, suited journalism and did not go unnoticed. With his youth nearly over, and a family to support, in mid-1887 Wilde became the editor of The Lady's World magazine, his name prominently appearing on the cover. He promptly renamed it The Woman's World and raised its tone, adding serious articles on parenting, culture, and politics, keeping discussions of fashion and arts. Two pieces of fiction were usually included, one to be read to children, the other for the ladies themselves. Wilde worked hard to solicit good contributions from his wide artistic acquaintance, including those of Lady Wilde and his wife Constance, while his own "Literary and Other Notes" were themselves popular and amusing. The initial vigour and excitement he brought to the job began to fade as administration, commuting and office life became tedious. At the same time as Wilde's interest lagged, the publishers became concerned anew about circulation: sales, at the relatively high price of one shilling, remained low. Increasingly sending instructions by letter, he began a new period of creative work and his own column appeared less regularly. In October 1889, Wilde had finally found his voice in prose and, at the end of the second volume, Wilde left The Woman's World. The magazine outlasted him by one volume.Shorter fictionMain articles: The Happy Prince and Other Tales, Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories, The House of Pomegranates, and The Portrait of Mr. W. H.Wilde published The Happy Prince and Other Tales in 1888, and had been regularly writing fairy stories for magazines. In 1891 published two more collections, Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories, and in September The House of Pomegranates was dedicated "To Constance Mary Wilde". "The Portrait of Mr. W. H.", which Wilde had begun in 1887, was first published in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine in July 1889. It is a short story, which reports a conversation, in which thetheory that Shakespeare's sonnets were written out of the poet's love of the boy actor "Willie Hughes", is advanced, retracted, and then propounded again. The only evidence for this is two supposed puns within the sonnets themselves. The anonymous narrator is at first sceptical, then believing, finally flirtatious with the reader: he concludes that "there is really a great deal to be said of the Willie Hughes theory of Shakespeare's sonnets. By the end fact and fiction have melded together. "You must believe in Willie Hughes," Wilde told an acquaintance. "I almost do, myself".The Picture of Dorian GrayMain article: The Picture of Dorian GrayThe first version of The Picture of Dorian Gray was published as the lead story in the July 1890 edition of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, along with five others. The story begins with a man painting a picture of Gray. When Gray, who has a "face like ivory and rose leaves" sees his finished portrait he breaks down, distraught that his beauty will fade, but the portrait stay beautiful, inadvertently making a Faustian bargain. For Wilde, the purpose of art would guide life if beauty alone were its object. Thus Gray's portrait allows him to escape the corporeal ravages of his hedonism, Wilde sought to juxtapose the beauty he saw in art onto daily life.Reviewers immediately criticised the novel's decadence and homosexual allusion, one in the The Daily Chronicle for example, called it “unclean,” “poisonous,” and “heavy with the mephitic odours of moral a nd spiritual putrefaction.”Wilde vigorously responded, writing to the Editor of the Scots Observer, he clarified his stance on ethics and aesthetics in art "If a work of art is rich and vital and complete, those who have artistic instincts will see its beauty and those to whom ethics appeal more strongly will see its moral lesson." He nevertheless revised it extensively for book publication in 1891: six new chapters were added, some overt decadence passages and homo-eroticism excised, and a preface consisting of twenty two epigrams, such as "Books are well written, or badly written. That is all. " was included. Contemporary reviewers and modern critics have postulated numerous possible sources of the story, a search Jershua McCormack argues is futile because Wilde "has tapped a root of Western folklore so deep and ubiquitous that the story has escaped its origins and returned to the oral tradition." Wilde claimed the plot was "an idea that is as old as the history of literature but to which I have given a new form". Modern critics have considered the novel to be technically mediocre: the conceit of the plot has guaranteed its fame, but the device is never pushed to its full.Theatrical career: 1892–95SalomeMain article: Salome (play)The 1891 census records the Wildes' residence at 16 Tite Street, where he lived with his wife Constance and sons. Wilde though, not content with being more well-known than ever in London, returned to Paris in October 1891, this time as a respected writer. He was received at the salons littéraires, including the famous mardis of Stéphane Mallarmé, a renowned symbolist poet of the time. Wilde's two plays during the 1880s, Vera; or, The Nihilists and The Duchess of Padua, had not met with much success. He had continued his interest in the theatre and now, after finding his voice in prose, his thoughts turned again to the dramatic form as the biblical iconography of Salome filled his head. One evening, after discussing depicitions of Salome throughout history, he returned to his hotel to notice a blank copybook lying on the desk, and it occurred to him to write down what he had been saying. He wrote a new play, Salome, rapidly and in French.A tragedy, it tells the story of Salome, the stepdaughter of the tetrarch Herod Antipas, who, to her stepfather's dismay but mother's delight, requests the head of Jokanaan (John the Baptist) on a silver platter as a reward for dancing the Dance of the Seven Veils. When Wilde returned to London just before Christmas the Paris Echo, a newspaper, referred to him as "le great event" of the season. Rehearsals of the play, including Sarah Bernhardt, began but the play was refused a licence by the Lord Chamberlain, since it depicted biblical characters. Salome was published jointly in Paris and London in 1893, but was not performed until 1896 in Paris, during Wilde's later incarceration.Comedies of societyMain articles: Lady Windermere's Fan, A Woman of No Importance, and An Ideal HusbandWilde, who had first set out to irritate Victorian society with his dress and talking points, then outrage it with Dorian Gray, his novel of vice hidden beneath art, finally found a way to critique society on its own terms. Lady Windermere's Fan was first performed on 20 February 1892 at St James Theatre, packed with the cream of society. On the surface a witty comedy, there is subtle subversion underneath: "it concludes with collusive concealment rather than collective disclosure". The audience, like Lady Windermere, are forced to soften harsh social codes in favour of a more nuanced view. The play was enormously popular, touring the country for months, but largely thrashed by conservative critics. It was followed by A Woman of No Importance in 1893, another Victorian comedy: revolving around the spectre of illegitimate births, mistaken identities and late revelations. Wilde was commissioned to write two more plays and An Ideal Husband, written in 1894, followed in January 1895.Peter Raby said these essentially English plays were well-pitched, "Wilde, with one eye on the dramatic genius of Ibsen, and the other on the commercial competition in London's West End, targeted his audience with adroit precision".Queensberry familyIn mid-1891 Lionel Johnson introduced Wilde to Alfred Douglas, an undergraduate at Oxford at the time. Known to his family and friends as "Bosie", he was a handsome and spoilt young man. An intimate friendship sprang up between Wilde and Douglas and by 1893 Wilde was infatuated with Douglas and they consorted together regularly in a tempestuous affair. If Wilde was relatively indiscreet, even flamboyant, in the way he acted, Douglas was reckless in public. Wilde, who was earning up to £100 a week from his plays (his salary at The Woman's World had been £6, indulged Douglas's every whim: material, artistic or sexual.Douglas soon dragged Wilde into the Victorian underground of gay prostitution and Wilde was introduced to a series of young, working class, male prostitutes from 1892 onwards by Alfred Taylor. These infrequent rendez-vous usually took the same form: Wilde would meet the boy, offer him gifts, dine him privately and then take him to a hotel room. Unlike Wilde's idealised, pederastic relations with John Gray, Ross, and Douglas, all of whom remained part of his aesthetic circle, these consorts were uneducated and knew nothing of literature. Soon his public and private lives had become sharply divided; in De Profundis he wrote to Douglas that "It was like feasting with panthe rs; the danger was half the excitement… I did not know that when they were to strike at me it was to be at another's piping and at another's pay."Douglas and some Oxford friends founded an Oxford journal, The Chameleon, to which Wilde "sent a page of paradoxes originally destined for the Saturday Review". "Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young" was to come under attack six months later at Wilde's trial, where he was forced to defend the magazine to which he had sent his work. In any case, it became unique: The Chameleon was not published again.Lord Alfred's father, the Marquess of Queensberry, was known for his outspoken atheism, brutish manner and creation of the modern rules of boxing. Queensberry, who feuded regularly with his son, confronted Wilde and Lord Alfred about the nature of their relationship several times, but Wilde was able to mollify him. In June 1894, he called on Wilde at 16 Tite Street, without an appointment, and clarified his stance: "I do not say that you are it, but you look it, and pose at it, which is just as bad. And if I catch you and my son again in any public restaurant I will thrash you" to which Wilde responded: "I don't know what the Queensberry rules are, but the Oscar Wilde rule is to shoot on sight". His account in De Profundis was less triumphant: "It waswhen, in my library at Tite Street, waving his small hands in the air in epileptic fury, your father… stood uttering every foul word his foul mind could think of, and screaming the loathsome threats he afterwords with such cunning carried out". Queensberry only described the scene once, saying Wilde had "shown him the white feather", meaning he had acted in a cowardly way. Though trying to remain calm, Wilde saw that he was becoming ensnared in a brutal family quarrel. He did not wish to bear Queensberry's insults, but he knew to confront him could lead to disaster were his liaisons disclosed publicly.The Importance of Being EarnestMain article: The Importance of Being EarnestWilde's final play again returns to the theme of switched identities: the play's two protagonists engage in "bunburying" (the maintenance of alternate personas in the town and country) which allows them to escape Victorian social mores. Earnest is even lighter in tone than Wilde's earlier comedies. While their characters often rose to serious themes in moments of crisis, Earnest lacks the by-now stock Wildean characters: there is no "woman with a past", the protagonists are neither villainous nor cunning, simply idle cultivés, and the idealistic young women are not that innocent. Although mostly set in drawing rooms and almost completely lacking in action or violence, Earnest lacks the self-conscious decadence found in The Picture of Dorian Gray and Salome.The play, now considered Wilde's masterpiece, was rapidly written in Wilde's artistic maturity in late 1894. It was first performed on 14 February 1895, at St James's Theatre in London, Wilde's second collaboration with George Alexander, the actor-manager. Both author and producer assiduously revised, prepared and rehearsed every line, scene and setting in the months before the premiere, creating a carefully constructed representation of late-Victorian society, yet simultaneously mocking it. During rehearsal Alexander requested that Wilde shorten the play from four acts to three, which the author did. Premieres at St. James's seemed like "brilliant parties", and the opening of The Importance of Being Earnest was no exception. Allan Aynesworth (who played Algy) recalled to Hesketh Pearson, "In my fifty-three years of acting, I never remember a greater triumph than [that] first night." Earnest's immediate reception as Wilde's best work to-date finally crystallised his fame into a solid artistic reputation. The Importance of Being Earnest remains his most popular play.Wilde's professional success was mirrored by an escalation in his feud with Queensberry. Queensberry had planned to publicly insult Wilde by throwing a bouquet of rotting vegetables onto the stage; Wilde was tipped off and had Queensberry barred from entering the theatre.Fifteen weeks later Wilde would be inprison.Oscar Wilde’s works。
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Oscar Wilde
8. The Importance of Being Earnest
Wilde’s most enduringly popular play.
Sir John Gielgud, E. Evans and M. Leighton in The Importance of Being Earnest, UK, 1952.
Oscar Wilde
9. The Importance of Being Earnest
• Humour comes from the characters’ false identities.
• Witty dialogues and satire of Victorian hypocrisy.
Oscar Wi of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London and one of the greatest celebrities of his days.
• He suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned after been convicted of “gross indecency” for homosexual acts.
• The Aestheticism Movement sought to free art from this social purpose and find the meaning of art in itself.
• Oscar Wilde believes that art possesses an intrinsic value内在价值 —that it is beautiful and therefore valuable, and thus needs serve no other purpose. His attitude was revolutionary at his time.
«To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all»
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde in a photo by Napoleon Sarony.
Leo wang 2010-10
Oscar Wilde
The Happy Prince and other Tales, 1888 The House of Pomegranates, 1891
The Picture of Dorian Gray, 1891
Lady Windermere’s Fan, 1892 A Woman of no Importance, 1893 The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 Salomé, 1893
A contemporary edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Oscar Wilde
3. Wilde’s aestheticism
• Oscar Wilde adopted the aesthetical ideal: he affirmed “my life is like a work of art”.
• The artist = the creator of beautiful things.
• Art used only to celebrate beauty and the sensorial pleasures.
A contemporary edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
1. Life
• Born in Dublin in 1854. • He became a disciple of Walter
Pater, the theorist of aestheticism. • He became a fashionable dandy.
Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas in the 1890s
3. Wilde’s aestheticism
• Aestheticism was a losely defined movement in literature and art, characterised by the attitude of making “art for art’s sake”. It took place in the late Victoirian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.
Oscar Wilde
13. The Importance of Being Earnest:
irony and Victorian morality
Oscar Wilde
3. Wilde’s aestheticism
In Victorian England, popular belief held that art could be used as a tool for social education and moral enlightenment (Charles Dickens’s works).
• He died in Paris in 1900.
Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas in the 1890s
Oscar Wilde
2. Works
• Poetry: • Fairy tales: • Novel: • Plays:
Poems, 1891 The Ballad of Reading Gaol, 1898