2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题357英语翻译基础AB卷
2015年宁波大学考研初试真题之357英语翻译基础B卷2015年考研真题
会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。扫街 在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意 识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞， 古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想， 大约也就在这些深沉的地 方。 秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么 地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平 可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比 南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下 起雨来了。一层雨过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又青了，太阳又露出脸来了。(40%） 2. 谁说我们这一代人都是忧国忧民呢？大学时代，有那么多同龄人选择过自己的日子：整天打 麻将的、通宵跳舞的、到处找顺眼伴侣的、出了国酒誓死不归的、吃喝玩乐无所不为的„„不管 哪个时代，认真地心怀家国社会的总是少数，那少数中学而有成的，又是少数；学而有成海对家 国之思持之以恒而且加以实践的，更是少数中的少数。社会的进步，是这些少数执著的人锲而不 舍的推动，发挥影响而造成的。大多数的人，就搭了进步的便车，顺势前行。 不必谈社会制度的进步，即使只是一个灯光迷炫、乐鼓沸腾的酒吧舞场，也不会凭空而来。 在舞场存在以前，有人努力过，使这样的狂欢文化被容许而不是被取缔。然后，在“狂欢”的背 后，必须有人制定法规，有人做消防检查，有人处理噪音，有人组织音响，有人筹备乐队，有人 清理垃圾，有人设计下水道„„（35%）
宁波大学
2015
年攻读硕士学位研究生
入 学 考 试 试 题(B 卷) (答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 适用专业: 英语翻译基础 英语笔译 科目代码： 357
宁波大学《861英汉互译》考研专业课真题试卷
2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题862日汉互译A卷
入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 日汉互译科目代码：862 适用专业:日语语言文学一、次の日本語を中国語に訳しなさい。
（75点）１、（２５点）蟷螂狩りは鼠狩り程の大運動でない代わりにそれ程の危険がない。
夏の半から秋の始めへかけてやる遊戯としては尤も上乗のものだ。
其方法を云うと先ず庭へ出て、一匹の蟷螂をさがし出す。
時候がいいと一匹や二匹見付け出すのは雑作もない。
さて見付け出した蟷螂君の傍へはっと風を切って駆けて行く。
するとすはこそと云う身構をして鎌首をふり上げる。
蟷螂でも中々健気なもので相手の力量を知らんうちは抵抗する積もりで居るから面白い。
振り上げた鎌首を右の前足で一寸参る。
振り上げた頸は柔らかいからぐりゃ横へ曲る。
此時の蟷螂君の表情が頗る興味を添える。
おやと云う思い入れが充分である。
所を一足飛びに君の後ろへ廻って今度は背面から君の羽根を軽く引き掻く。
あの羽根は平生大事に畳んであるが、引き掻き方が烈しいと、ぱっと乱れて中から吉野紙の様な薄色の下着があらわれる。
君は夏でも御苦労千万に二枚重ねで乙に極まって居る。
此時君の長い首は必ず後ろに向き直る。
ある時は向かってくるが、大概の場合には首丈ぬっと立てて立って居る。
此方から手出しをするのを待ち構えて見える。
先方がいつ迄もこの態度で居ては運動にならんから、あまり長くなると又ちょいと一本参る。
これ丈参ると眼識のある蟷螂なら必ず逃げ出す。
それを我無洒落に向かってくるのは余程無教育な野蛮的蟷螂である。
２、（２５点）ぶうと云って汽船がとまると、艀が岸を離れて、漕ぎ寄せてきた。
船頭は真っ裸に赤ふんどしをしめている。
野蛮な所だ。
「おれ」は「船頭」が「真っ裸」で仕事をしている姿をみて、着いたばかりの土地に対して、「野蛮な所だ」と決めつけている。
裸体に近い姿で社会生活を送ることに対して、「野蛮」のレッテルをはる感受性は、明らかに、欧米列強の生活習慣を前提にした形で、アジアやアフリカに対する植民地的侵略を展開した欧米の侵略者たちが、「文明」の名において、支配を正当化するときに発動されたものである。
宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年
宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Translate the following two passages into English:(总题数：2，分数：75.00)1.如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。
它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。
你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。
生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。
创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我”。
至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。
有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。
更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。
我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。
仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢?倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。
倘无此奢求，则只要活得自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。
（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：If to be righteousness is said to be an ethical way of life and to seek interests is an utilitarian one, to keep your temperament, in my opinion, is an aesthetic way of life. It advocates doing everything at will and everyone should maintain his natural temperament. You are neither dependent on the doctrine nor the possession, but on your true self. The meaning of life lies neither in contribution nor possession but creation. To create is to develop actively your true temperament and give you a feeling of satisfaction after your inner power is released. Different from contribution which is made to shoulder responsibility, creation intends to help you fulfill your true self. And creation is distinct from possession. Take writing as an example, to write to possess is to get the fame and status while to write to create is to get the pleasure of writing itself. The person who has natural temperament would like to seek emotional communication when dealing with others, with a focus on the taste of appeal when possession is concerned. More importantly, when others are chasing interests, he can feel leisurely comfortable towards the outer world. I don"t mean the insouciance of those intellectuals and officials in the feudal China or the innate conservatism of the peasant, but a sentiment of being free of material. As for writing again, I do not understand why a writer should be prolific? A short poet is enough for you to be well-known for eternity. If you don"t care about that, you can just take writing as a way of getting leisure. [解析]如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么。
宁波大学2019年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
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宁波大学 2019 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码： 357 总分值： 150 科目名称：
英语翻译基础
2. Wedding cake Since cakes represent fertility, Ancient Romans would bake wheat cakes and break them over the bride’s head. Soon it became customary to stack these wheat cakes one on top of another, as tall as they could go. The bride and groom were challenged to kiss over the tower without knocking it over. If successful, they’d enjoy a lifetime of good fortune as a couple.
三、汉英篇章翻译（ຫໍສະໝຸດ 0 分）世界历史发展告诉我们，人类文明进步历程从来没有平坦的大道可走，人类就是在同困难 的斗争中前进的。再大的困难，都不可能阻挡人类前行的步伐。遇到了困难，不要埋怨自己，不 要指责他人，不要放弃信心，不要逃避责任，而是要一起来战胜困难。历史是勇敢者创造的。
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二、英汉篇章翻译（70 分）
2. 中美贸易摩擦 4. 中国人民政治协商会议 6. 网络购物 8. 人口密度 10. 电子商务 12. translation quality 14. target language 16. change of part of speech 18. consecutive interpreting 20. the cognitive process of translation
2014年宁波大学考研真题357英语翻译基础
考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译I. Translate the following two passages into English (75 points):1. 如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。
它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。
你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。
生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。
创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我”。
至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。
有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。
更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。
我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。
仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢？倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。
倘无此奢求，则只要活得自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。
（40%）2. 在“我”和“我们”之间，是以“他人”作为连接点的。
“我”因“他人”而成为“我”；“我们”因“他人”而成为“我们”。
当“我们”过度地强化、放大“我”，而舍弃“他人”的时候，“我”便处于四面受敌的孤立无援之中。
在我们的传统习性中，“他人”这一概念，更多的情况下，只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。
我们的成语中曾有“以邻为壑”一词，可以佐证；有“只扫自家门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜”的谚语，可以证言。
即便在集体主义理想教育最为鼎盛之时，“他人”不仅未能成为国人的自觉意识，“他人”反而意味着告密、背叛、异己、危险、离间等等。
暨南大学2014年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：翻译考试科目名称：英语翻译基础考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Word Translation (30 points)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate 30 technical terms, abbreviations or proper names, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English, within 60 minutes. You should write down your translations on the Answer Sheet.Section A English to Chinese (15 points)1.CFO2.NATO3.American Gis4.G-7 nations5.Boy Scouts of America6.The Ivy League7.Lobby8.MIR Space Station9.Nasdaq10.New Deal11.Chic12.tertiary industry13.Selfie14.Paparazzi15.MicroblogSection B Chinese to English (15 points)1.拆迁2.调控房价3.教育公平4.安居工程5.农村留守人口6.行政问责制7.赈灾8.养老保险考试科目：英语翻译基础共三页，第页。
2014年宁波大学博士研究生入学考试英语试卷(A卷)
2014年宁波大学博士研究生入学考试
英语试卷（A卷）
（考试时间：180分钟）
招生专业：__________ 研究方向：__________
考生姓名：__________ 准考证号：__________
考生注意事项
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2.答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“准考证号”
等信息。
3.答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡的第一页上，要求
用2B铅笔将选择的答案涂黑。
如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔在答题
卡的第二页上作答。
字迹要清楚。
4.考试结束后，将答题卡和试卷一并交给监考人员。
宁波大学2014 年攻读博士学位研究生
入学考试试题(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 考码：专业名称:
第11 页，共11 页。
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2018年宁波大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2018年宁波大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语互译（2×20＝40分）说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。
请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。
1. 脸部识别技术【答案】face recognition technology2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问【答案】a state visit to China by the president of the United States3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划【答案】the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China5. 激发创新活力【答案】stimulate innovation vitality6. 社会主义核心价值观【答案】the core values of socialism7. 不忘初心【答案】stay true to the mission8. 房地产市场【答案】real estate market9. 经济全球化【答案】economic globalization10. 软实力【答案】soft power11. translation process【答案】翻译过程12. functional equivalence【答案】功能对等13. source language【答案】源语14. communicative translation 【答案】交际翻译15. target text【答案】目标语16. domestication【答案】归化17. informative text type【答案】信息文本类型18. literary translation【答案】文学翻译19. translator’s subjectivity【答案】译者主体性20. the invisibility of the translator【答案】译者的隐形二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60分）Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.What a load of over-achievers!Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures?In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. Init, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about o ther places where lilies far more splendid were found in great abundance”. The listening lily, in turn, becomes troubled. Seeing its own unsplendid existence in comparison to the bird’s fantastic tales of other and better lilies, the lily begins to doubt whether it deserves to call itself a lily at all.In the distress of comparison, the troubled person may go at last so far that in view of the difference he forgets that he is a man. In despair, he conceives himself so different from other men, that he even conceives he is different from what is meant by being a man, just as the lily was so inconspicuous that it was questionable if it was really a lily.In other words, it’s not just painful to doubt. T o measure success in any way but from the inside is to rock the foundations of your identity.Most of us are already busy enough trying to get by. We are busy with the practical tasks of everyday living, doing and redoing, learning and changing, and sometimes staying the course. We might compare our performance on an examination, or a recent grant proposal; but to compare ourselves against others in the totality of being a successful adult is odious and futile.Many of us are not the kind of successful that’s easy to see. Many of us who have enjoyed financial success were extremely fortune, but perhaps not so lucky in love. Many of us understand now that no matter how hard you work or how brilliant y ou might be, luck has far more to do with “success” than one mightimagine.【参考译文】中年，失业，单身，破产，我与许多大学同学们相比是一个完完全全的失败者。
宁波大学翻译硕士英语2016—2020年考研真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 x 1% = 30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.1. The ________ of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely unjustified.A. populationB. popularityC. populaceD. populism2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies in that region, _____ were surprising.A．as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which3. Although some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate ______ writing a businessletter.A. in the event ofB. in the light ofC. in case ofD. in terms of4. ______ his undoubted innocence, the accused man appeared extremely nervous.A. HoweverB. DespiteC. Even thoughD. Although5. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are split and viewed in rapid _______ to createthe illusion of movement and continuity.A. sequenceB. successionC. transmissionD. conveyance6. Operations which left patients ________ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feelingrelaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. abandonedC. injured D deserted7. His honeymoon expense is rather high in _______ to his income.A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation8. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got __________ and we had to call the fire brigade toput it out.A. out of handB. out of orderC. out of placeD. out of way9. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.A. partialB. beneficialC. preferableD. liable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语10. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his _____ as he developed his own techniques.A. descendantsB. predecessorsC. successorsD. ancestors11. I’m one of the students _____ never late for school.A. that isB. who areC. who amD. who is12. The visitors, men and women, old and young, had walked for many hours. ________ of them got very tired,but _______ of them would stop to take a rest.A. All…neitherB. Both… noneC. All…noneD. Both….everyone13. I do not understand how the arranged marriage could ________ work out in the more traditional societies.A. frequentlyB. conceivablyC. naivelyD. precisely14. I wondered what her ____ to the news would be.A. impressionB. reactionC. commentD. opinion15. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilledworkers.A. take placeB. take overC. take downD. take the place of16. How do you ____ for coming late for the meeting?A. explainB. excuseC. describeD. account17. The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions____ world civilization.A.toB. towardsC. withD. in18. After _____ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached verdict.A. 10 minutes ofB. 10-minutes ofC. 10 minute’sD. 10 minutes19. The student was very excited when he ____ his teacher in this important lecture.A. assistedB. insistedC. resistedD. persisted20. A funny moment in the show is _____ the bad guy falls into a pile of wet cement.A. asB. thatC. whileD. when21. Understanding this article is ____ a seven-year-old child’s capacity.A. onB. upC. downD. beyond(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. Jill would rather that his girl friend ____ in the same department as he does.A. studiedB. should studyC. studyD. had studied23. Bob had been ____ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for a long time before he sat up.A. laidB. lyingC. lainD. laying24. There are signs ____ Internet are becoming more and more popular with teenagers.A. thatB. whoseC. whatD. which25. She had no objection to ____ the airplane ticket which would send her to Geneva.A. to takeB. takingC. of takingD. to taking26. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ____ forit.A. as much twiceB. much as twiceC. as twice muchD. twice as much27. He _______ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act28. ______ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on29. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ ourthinking.A. upon which to baseB. which to base uponC. which to be based onD. to base on which30. Some areas, ____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.A. due toB. but forC. in spite ofD. with regard toPart II. Reading Comprehension (40%)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 ×1%=20%)Directions: There are seven passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide onthe best choice and write on the Answer Sheet.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Passage 1In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe, fresh from his course in playwright at Harvard, joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University. I had never before seen a man so tall as he, and so ungraceful. I pitied him and went out of my way to help him get adjusted to his work and to make him feel at home．His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness. They spoke of his ability to describe a simple event in such a manner as to have them roar with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears，of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name, of his habit of writing three pages of comment on a student’s one-page composition, and of his astonishing ease in expressing in words anything he had seen or heard or tasted or felt．Indeed, his students made so much of his powers of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself. My opportunity came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine-o’clock classes．Upon arriving at the university that day, I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office. He made no protest when I asked him to come with me out into the hall, and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around．He stepped in, remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out. “Tell me what I see,” I said as I took his place in the room, leaving him in the hall with his back to the door. Without the least hesitation and without a single error, he gave the number of seats in the room, identified those which were occupied by boys and those occupied by girls, named the colors each student was wearing, pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard, spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor, and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the windows．As I rejoined Wolfe, I was speechless with amazement. He, on the contrary, was wholly calm as he said. “The worst thing about it is that I’ll remember it all．”1．Which of the following statements is true of Thomas Wolfe?A．He failed to finish his course at Harvard．B．He began teaching right after his graduation．C．He regarded New York University as his home．D．He had a polite manner．2．What did the author think of Thomas Wolfe?A．He was not satisfied with his job．B．He felt uncomfortable in his work．C．He was not good at teaching．(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语D．He was unfamiliar with his students．3．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Wolfe’s students praised his power of observation．B．The author performed an experiment on Wolfe’s ability．C．Wolfe’s students asked the author to have a test of their ability．D．Wolfe did not feel angry when he was tested．Passage 2Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long.4. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A. They are victims of family violence.B. They are of an inferior social group.C. They use quite a lot of body language.D. They live on charity and social welfare.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语5. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A. Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B. How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C. How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D. What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.6. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A. However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B. She shouldn't disappoint the African-American community.C. However hard she tries, she can't expect to please everybody.D. She will give priority to African-American women's concerns.Passage 3The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail-oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form.So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) outlined a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." Another technique is the use of three-part lists. Dr Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was "education, education, education".These techniques can be used like tools - they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriter's toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语7. According to the passage, all of the following are techniques often used in political speech except ________.A. contrastB. alliterationC. metaphorsD. three-part lists8. Which of the following is NOT a skill required of a good public speaker?A. confidenceB. ConvictionC. knowledgeD. a deep voicePassage 4There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He's very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant's confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.Now, the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, "Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I'll be alone. How lonely I'll be!"Thus, he asked the 4th wife, "I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No way!" replied the 4th wife and she walked away without another word. The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant's heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, "I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No!" replied the 3rd wife. "Life is so good over here! I'm going to remarry when you die!" The merchant's heart sank and turned cold.He then asked the 2nd wife, "I always turned to you for help and you've always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?" "I'm sorry, I can't help you out this time!" replied the 2nd wife. "At the very most, I can only send you to your grave." The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.Then a voice called out : "I'll leave with you. I'll follow you no matter where you go." The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved,(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语the merchant said, "I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!"Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives:a. The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it'll leave us when we die.b. Our 3rd wife is our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.c. The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we're alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.d. The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure. Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps it's a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now rather than to wait until we're on our deathbed to lament.9. What is the implied meaning of the sentence that describes his first wife as “so skinny, almost like shesuffered from malnutrition.” (paragraph 8)?A. His first wife was growing old.B. His first wife had an eating disorder.C. He failed to nourish his spirit.D. He failed to protect his wealth.10. From the passage, we can conclude that ________.A. A life devoted to business is a worthy life.B. One should only have a single wife.C. The second wife is callous.D. Death shows us what is most important in life.Passage 5We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively in order to have the ability to become leaders. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks , and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is suitable. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.11. We can know from the passage that the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A. approvingB. disapprovingC. questioningD. inactive12. According to the passage, mixed-ability teaching ________.A. has both merits and demeritsB. Discourages the children who are left behindC. enables the bright children to learn betterD. fails to acknowledge the gap between top and bottom students13. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A. Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.B. Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activitiesC. Group work gives pupils the chance to learn to work together with others.D. Group work supply pupils with the chance to learn to be good organizers.Passage 6I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! " By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.14. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.15. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the authorA. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语16. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man_______A. hurt the author's feeling.B. gave the author a deep impression.C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.D. inspired the author.17. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach.D. Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.Passage 7Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and continuous work record can apply for a credit card. If you have a credit card, you buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by changing the cost to your account. You can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company of the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your bill. This is very convenient for customers. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft.Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company ―a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installment.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语customers if they charge more than they can pay for. Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash is actually passed on to all consumers in higher prices. In this way, the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.18. According to the passage, nearly everyone can apply for credit cards if he or she can prove to be ________.A. a dependable and honest personB. a person with an income and work experienceC. a person with work experience but no regular incomeD. a person with a regular income and an unbroken work record19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a channel for the credit card company to make a profit?A. Membership fees for credit card users.B. A heavy fine for overdue payments.C. Service charges for stores that accept credit cards.D. Service charges for card users who pay back over a period.20. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ________.A. persuade people to use credit cardsB. warn people of the danger of using credit cardsC. explain how credit card business worksD. explain how to use credit cardsSECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 ×2%=20%)Directions: In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the question with NO more than ten words in the space provided on Answer Sheet.Passage 11. What is the students’ opinion of Thomas Wolfe?。
2019年宁波大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题和答案
2019年宁波大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题和答案一、词语互译（每小题2分，共40分）说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。
请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。
1. 人民的获得感【答案】people’s sense of gain2. 中美贸易摩擦【答案】Sino-US trade friction3. 共享经济【答案】sharing economy4. 中国人民政治协商会议【答案】t he Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)5.春运【答案】Spring Festival travel rush6. 网络购物【答案】online shopping7. 信息社会【答案】information society8. 人口密度【答案】density of population9. 外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy10. 电子商务【答案】e-commerce11. domestication【答案】归化12. translation quality【答案】翻译质量13. communicative translation【答案】交际翻译14. target language【答案】目标语15. source text【答案】源文本16. change of part of speech【答案】词性变化17. intralingual translation【答案】语内翻译18. consecutive interpreting【答案】交替传译19. dynamic equivalence【答案】动态对等20. the cognitive process of translation【答案】翻译的认知过程二、英汉篇章翻译（70分）Have you ever been a flower girl, a bridesmaid, or caught the bouquet at a friend’s wedding? All of these customs are expected at modern weddings, but these wedding traditions actually date back to ancient times. In fact, different cultures have created their own wedding customs. Many of these customs have stood the test of time and have evolved into the wedding traditions we are familiar with today.1. Wedding veil This wedding tradition dates ba ck to the origin of arranged marriages. Traditionally, the groom’s family would not allow him to see his bride until the wedding. This is because if he didn’t like her looks, there was a chance that he might not agree to marry her. Therefore, the veil was used to conceal the bride’s appearance up until the very moment in which they were to be married.2. Wedding cake Since cakes represent fertility, Ancient Romans would bake wheat cakes and break them over the bride’s head. Soon it became customary to stack these wheat cakes one on top of another, as tall as they could go. The bride and groom were challenged to kiss over the tower without knocking it over. I f successful, they’d enjoy a lifetime of good fortune as a couple.3. Groomsmen The tradition of having groomsmen as part of the wedding, comes from the ancient tradition of kidnapping the bride. Before a couple could get married, a man had to employ his fellow friends or warrior companions to help him fight off other warriors and prevent the bride’s family from finding the couple. The groom’s main warrior companions would be the equivalent of the “best man” at a wedding.【参考译文】你曾经做过花童，伴娘，或者在朋友的婚礼上接过花吗？所有这些习俗都是现代婚礼的习俗，但这些婚礼传统实际上可以追溯到古代。
宁波大学考研真题357英语翻译基础初试试卷(A卷)硕士研究生专业课考试试题(2018年)
宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：357 总分值：150 科目名称：英语翻译基础一、词语互译（2×20＝40分）说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。
请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。
1. 脸部识别技术2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问3. 供给侧改革4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划5. 激发创新活力6. 社会主义核心价值观7. 不忘初心8. 房地产市场9. 经济全球化10. 软实力11. translation process 12. functional equivalence13. source language 14. communicative translation15. target text 16. domestication17. informative text type 18. literary translation19. translator’s subjectivity 20. the invisibility of the translator二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60分）Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.What a load of over-achievers!Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures?In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. In it, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about other places where lilies far more splendid were found in great第0 页共 2 页。
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)【圣才出品】
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1. CBD【答案】中央商务区(Central Business District)2. NYSE【答案】纽约证券交易所（New York Stock Exchange）3. Royal Swedish Academy of Science【答案】瑞典皇家科学协会4. Chicago Board of Trade【答案】芝加哥交易所（世界最大的谷物交易所）5. stakeholder【答案】利益相关者6. multi-polar world【答案】多极世界7. economic aggregate【答案】经济总体数字；经济活动总量8. GPS【答案】全球定位系统9. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织10. an irrevocable letter of credit 【答案】不可撤销信用证11. shareholding system【答案】股份制12. extensive deforestation【答案】过度砍伐13. sustainable development【答案】可持续发展14. 技术传播【答案】technology transfer15. 全球价值链【答案】Global Value Chains16. 国际货币基金组织【答案】International Monetary Fund (IMF)17. 国有企业【答案】state-owned business18. 诚实守信【答案】Honest and Trustworthy19. 碳排放【答案】carbon emission20. 虚拟经济【答案】Virtual Economy21. 准据法【答案】applicable law22. 边际成本【答案】marginal cost23. 高速公路【答案】expressway24. 诺贝尔文学获奖者【答案】The Nobel Prize winner25. 金砖四国【答案】BRIC（Brazil Russia India China）26. 创意产业顾问【答案】a consultant of Creative Industries27. 另有说明除外【答案】except where otherwise provided28. 石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)。
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考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译I. Translate the following two passages into English (75 points):1. 如果说“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。
它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。
你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。
生命的意义不在奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。
创造不同于奉献，奉献只是完成外在的责任，创造却是实现真实的“自我”。
至于创造和占有，其差别更是一目了然，譬如写作，占有注重的是作品所带来的名利地位，创造注重的只是创作本身的快乐。
有真性情的人，与人相处唯求情感的沟通，与物相触独钟情趣的品味。
更为可贵的是，在世人匆忙逐利又为利所逐的时代，他接人待物有一种闲适之情。
我不是指中国士大夫式的闲情逸致，也不是指小农式的知足保守，而是指一种不为利驱、不为物役的淡泊的生活情怀。
仍以写作为例，我想不通，一个人何必要著作等身呢？倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小诗足矣。
倘无此奢求，则只要活得自在即可，写作也不过是这活得自在的一种方式罢了。
（40%）2. 在“我”和“我们”之间，是以“他人”作为连接点的。
“我”因“他人”而成为“我”；“我们”因“他人”而成为“我们”。
当“我们”过度地强化、放大“我”，而舍弃“他人”的时候，“我”便处于四面受敌的孤立无援之中。
在我们的传统习性中，“他人”这一概念，更多的情况下，只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。
我们的成语中曾有“以邻为壑”一词，可以佐证；有“只扫自家门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜”的谚语，可以证言。
即便在集体主义理想教育最为鼎盛之时，“他人”不仅未能成为国人的自觉意识，“他人”反而意味着告密、背叛、异己、危险、离间等等。
这种体制下的集体主义文化，终于导致了“他人即地狱”的严酷后果。
闻“他人”而心颤，近“他人”而丧胆。
也许正是由于对“他人”的恐惧，“文革”之后，“我们”迅速土崩瓦解，“我”自仰天长啸——而“他人”却不得不退出公众的视线，淡化为一个可有可无的虚词，成为公民道德的模糊地带。
（35%）Ⅱ.Translate the following three passages into Chinese (75 points):1. And I want beauty in my life. I have seen beauty in a sunset and in the spring woods and in the eyes of divers women, but now these happy accidents of light and color no longer thrill me. And I want beauty in my life itself, rather than in such chances as befall it. It seems to me that many actions of my life were beautiful, very long ago, when I was young in an evanished world of friendly girls, who were考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译all more lovely than any girl is nowadays. For women now are merely more or less good-looking, and as I know, their looks when at their best have been painstakingly enhanced and edited. But I would like this life which moves and yearns in me, to be able itself to attain to comeliness, though but in transitory performance. The life of a butterfly, for example, is just a graceful gesture: and yet, in that its loveliness is complete and perfectly rounded in itself, I envy this bright flicker through existence. And the nearest I can come to my ideal is punctiliously to pay my bills, be polite to my wife, and contribute to deserving charities: and the program does not seem, somehow, quite adequate. There are my books, I know; and there is beauty "embalmed and treasured up" in many pages of my books, and in the books of other persons, too, which I may read at will: but this desire inborn in me is not to be satiated by making marks upon paper, nor by deciphering them. In short, I am enamored of that flawless beauty of which all poets have perturbedly divined the existence somewhere, and which life as men know it simply does not afford nor anywhere foresee.（40%）2.What is it that we mean by literature? Popularly, and amongst the thoughtless, it is held to include everything that is printed in a book. Little logic is required to disturb that definition. The most thoughtless person is easily made aware that in the idea of literature one essential element is some relation to a general and common interest of man—so that what applies only to a local, or professional, or merely personal interest, even though presenting itself in the shape of a book, will not belong to Literature. So far the definition is easily narrowed; and it is as easily expanded. For not only is much that takes a station in books not literature; but inversely, much that really is literature never reaches a station in books. The weekly sermons of Christendom, that vast pulpit literature which acts so extensively upon the popular mind—to warn, to uphold, to renew, to comfort, to alarm—does not attain the sanctuary of libraries in the ten-thousandth part of its extent. The Drama again—as, for instance, the finest of Shakespeare's plays in England, and all leading Athenian plays in the noontide of the Attic stage—operated as a literature on the public mind, and were (according to the strictest letter of that term) published through the audiences that witnessed their representation some time before they were published as things to be read; and they were published in this scenical mode of publication with much more effect than they could have had as books during ages of costly copying or of costly printing.（35%）入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语翻译基础科目代码：357 适用专业: 英语笔译。