★英语句子成分与五种基本句型
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1.主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性)Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。
如:It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2.谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
以上两个句型可以互换: He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中,有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义, 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末,有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释英语句子分为简单句和复合句。
一个简单句中只有一个主谓结构。
复合句是由主句和从句构成,有至少两个主谓结构。
复合句的基础是简单句。
所以,学好简单句格外重要。
一. 简单句的五种基本句型。
1.主语+ 谓语Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
(Li Ming是主语;works是谓语。
)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
(The accident是主语;happened是谓语)Spring is coming.春天就要来了。
(Spring是主语;is coming是谓语。
)2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
(Li Lei是主语,helps是谓语,me是宾语。
)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
(She是主语,plans是谓语,to travel是宾语。
)I don’t know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该干什么。
(I是主语;don’t know是谓语,what I should do next是宾语。
)3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
(This kind of food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。
)He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(He是主语,looked是系动词,worried是表语。
)4. 主语+ 谓语+ 双宾语Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
英语五种基本句型及句子成分 网络
英语句子成分及五种基本句型I.句子成分主语:句子要说明的人或事,或者是动作的执行者,通常位于句首,可以由名词,代词,数词,to do, doing,短语,名词化的形容词,从句等充当。
To complete the project within 2 months was a great challenge.It is necessary to master English is international trade today.Living in that island country for months was a forgettable experience.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Generally speaking, the young are thirsty for knowledge.That they failed in the match is entirely understandable.Whether we will go depends on the weather.谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征,即主语所执行的动作,通常紧跟在主语之后。
动词,动词短语,情态动词+动词原形,动词+不定式,联系动词+表语都可做谓语。
I appreciate your timely help indeed.The plan takes off at 10 o’clock.She could read Latin and Greek when she was ten.Our teacher looked rather pleased.宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词或介词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式, 动词ing,句子等。
Water can be used to produce electricity.Have you told them anything about the accident?I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day.I expect to see you in Qinghua University next year.I wonder whether I should stay here or not.表语:表语是说明主语身份,职业,性质,状态或特征的句子成分,只能接在系动词之后。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分和五个基本句型
名 词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 (五)定语 是修饰___ 前 饰的名词之_____ ;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰 的名词之_____ 后 。
名词 They are woman workers. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格 形容词 adj Mary is a beautiful girl.. 数词 The play has three acts. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式 This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
七)宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之 外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。
They elected me captain of the team. 名词 We try to make our country strong. 形容词 We found everything in good order there.介词短语 I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式 I saw him going upstairs. 现在分词 doing They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1)The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 2)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 3)Few students like taking exams. 4)He forgot to close the door. 5)I hope I can speak English fluently.
英语句子成分大全
英语句子成分大全英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
下面是小编为你整理的有关英语句子成分大全,欢迎阅读!英语五种基本句型列式如下:一: S V (主+谓)二: S V P (主+系+表)三: S V O (主+谓+宾)四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。
五种基本句型和句子的主要成分
五 S+ V+ O +OC (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补 足语) 1.I find the job difficult. 2. His words made me angry. 3. We elected him monitor. 4. I found the door closed. 5. I feel him to be honest. 6. She let him in. 7. I heard the child crying for a long time.
What she has said didn’t mean that she wanted to hurt you.
三 S + V + P (主语+系动词\ be+ 表语) 1.I am honest. 2. His sister becomes a teacher. 3. The food goes bad. 4. The man is out of work. 5. The boy grows stronger. 6. The girl is in the building.
7. The problem is that we have not enough time.
What I want to know is when we can go back home.
常见的系动词:
go\ grow\ stay\ feel\ look\ sound\ taste\ keep\remain
8. I didn’t notice him come in. 省略to 的动词有: 一感觉:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三 使役:have, make, let 四看见:notice, see , watch, observe.
英语基本五大句型以及成分讲解
15
• 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等,如:
st night she didn’t go to the dance
party because of the rai(n.原因状语) 3.I shall go there if it doesn’(t 条r件ai状n.语) 4.Mr Smith lives on the third fl(oo地r点. 状语) 5.She put the eggs into the basket with
(宾语从句)
整理课件
14
• 宾语种类:
• (1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:
Lend me your dictionary, please.
To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等,例 如:
4.To(不sw定i式m )in the river is a great
pleasure.
(动名词)
5.Smoking does harm to th(e 名h词ea化lt的h形. 容词)
整理课件
4
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
概述
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、 组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英 语句子结构的基础。 在所有句子中,谓语动词是最重要的,根据谓语动词与其 它成分的不同搭配,我们可以将句子归纳为以下五种基本 句型:
基本句型一: 基本句型二: 基本句型三: 基本句型四: 基本句型五:
表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后。)一般由名词、 形容词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词、 副词、介词短语、名词从句充当。 如: Time is money. They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从 机场打个的即可。 My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 This dog is frightening. 这条狗令人害怕。(说明狗的特征) This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态) The sun is up.太阳升起来了。 This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。
谓语:谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为 非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表 动作)和连系动词(表状态)和不及物动词。 例: We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
英语句子的成分和五种基本句型
英语句子的成分和五种基本句型谓语可能有的成分宾语补语修饰语1.必须的成分——主语和谓语(1)主语主语是一个句子的主题,一般位于句首。
单词、短语、从句均可用作主语。
Birds can fly.Reading a lot is good for us.What he said is surprising news.(2)谓语谓语一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当。
I enjoy reading.We don’t have to put up with pollution.2.可能的成分——宾语、补语(表语、主语补足语和宾语补足语)与修饰语(定语和状语)宾语宾语是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语。
所以宾语并非是所有句子都必须有的成分。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可以作宾语。
We love our country.I have decided where to go.I don’t think his father knows English.(2)表语表语表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
表语位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等均可以作表语。
I am a teacher.My ideal job is to be an English teacher.This is how the story goes.(3) 主语补足语用来补充说明主语的,可由名词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词等充当。
As time went by, I was made smaller.No one is known to have escaped.(4)宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的,可由名词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词等充当。
He kept us alive.Of course, I expect you to take me.(5)定语用来说明人或事物的品质或特征。
句子成分及简单句五种基本句型
句子成分及简单句五种根本句型一、句子成分英语句子成分包括:主语〔Subject=S〕、谓语〔Predicate=P〕、表语〔Predicative〕、宾语〔Object=O〕〔宾语分为间接宾语Indirect Object=IO和直接宾语Direct Object=DO〕、定语〔Attribute〕、状语〔Adverbial Modifier〕、宾语补足语〔Objective complement〕、同位语〔Appositive〕等。
1. 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么〞或“是谁〞,是句子的中心。
作主语的词有:名词〔n.〕、代词〔pron.〕、不定代词〔idefinite pron.〕、动词不定式〔to do sth〕、动名词〔v-ing〕、或具有名词性质的短语以及主语从句〔Subject clause〕。
主语位于谓语前或句首。
(1) Lucy is a student. (名词作主语)(2) He is my brother. (代词作主语)(3) Something is wrong with my bike.(不定代词作主语)To learn English well is not easy (动词不定式作主语)Smoking is bad for your health.(动名词作主语)What we should do is not yet decided.(主语从句作主语)2. 谓语谓语说明主语“做什么〞或“怎么样〞,是主语的动作或状态。
谓语或谓语局部里主要的词必须是动词。
谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须要保持一致。
谓语要放在主语后面。
(1) His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)(2) We study hard.(行为动词作谓语)(3) don’t study hard.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(4) She can speak English.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)3. 宾语宾语是动作或行为的对象或承受者。
英语句子成分及5种基本句型
We study English. (vt) The little girl dances well. (vi) He goes to school everyday. (vi)
什么可以作谓语?
The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. 名词化的形容词
What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem.
主语从句及复合结构
什么是谓语?
这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
S
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
V (不及物动词)
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
him her husband you her him him me
a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.
基本句型 五
S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
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句子成分与五种基本句型Sentence Constituents and the Five Basic Sentence Patterns•句子成分句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
汉语里一般的句子成分有六种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七(或八)种:主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语(object),定语(attribute),状语(adverbial),补语(complement),[同位语(appositive)]。
七(或八)种句子基本成分:I saw a tall boy take your book just now.主谓定宾(宾)补状The boy Li Ming is good.主[同位] 表•五种基本句型:1.主+谓;2.主+系+表;3.主+谓+宾;4.主+谓+间宾+直宾;5.主+谓+宾+宾补什么是主语?主语是一个句子的主体,是全句要说明的中心部分。
一般放于句首。
如:Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe.什么可以作主语?Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. (名词)I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? (代词)Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. (数词)To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. (动词不定式)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词)The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. (名词化的形容词)What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. (主语从句及复合结构)什么是谓语?谓语说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样;说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后。
如:We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well.什么可以作谓语?We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. (及物动词vt)My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. (不及物动词vi)She seems tired. (系动词link-v)谓语有哪些表现形式?掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化:1) 人称和数的变化(主谓一致)。
如:I work in a big company. He works in a big company.2) 时态变化。
如:I usually get up at six. I am getting up now. I got up at five yesterday.I will get up at seven tomorrow. I have already got up. I was getting up when he came in.I had got up when he came to my house.3) 语态变化。
如:The children carried school bags. (主动语态)School bags were carried by the children. (被动语态)小结:谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作。
谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化;随着时间的不同而变化;随着与主语的不同关系(主动关系和被动关系)而变化。
谓语有三种不同的形式:1) 动词They planted many trees on the hill .2) 情态动词+动原You must stay at home .3) 系动词+表语The report is very interesting.注意:一般来说,在每一个正确的句子中都必须存在“谓语”部分。
基本句型1:主+谓此句型的共同特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
如:The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
Who cares? 管它呢?What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
例句A世界每天都在改变。
例句B她的舞跳得很好。
例句C月亮升起了。
例句D这支笔书写流利。
系动词:be动词及其它含有特殊意义的动词表感官:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem, appear表变化:become, get, grow, turn表存在:keep, stay, remain什么是表语?表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样。
位于系动词之后。
如:She is happy. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.什么可以作表语?His father is a teacher.(名词)This book is mine.(代词)The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work.(形容词)He is not in.(副词)They are at home now.(介词短语)My job is to teach English.(不定式)Seeing is believing.(动名词)基本句型2:主+系+表此句型的共同特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
如:This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。
Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。
He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
注意:There be表示“有,存在”。
这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词“there‘在那里’”混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示“有(存在)某事物”。
试比较:There is a boy there.那儿有一个男孩。
(前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词“那里”。
)例句A明天是他的生日。
例句B他显得有些疲惫。
例句C这个消息听起来很好。
例句D树叶在春天会变绿。
提醒:下列常见“It...”句型也属于基本句型2。
(1) It is+n./ adj. + to do sth.(2) It is+adj./ n.+for/ of sb.to do sth.1. 每天大声的朗读(read aloud)是很重要的。
2. 跟你聊天真是一场噩梦(nightmare)。
练习:句子结构分析划分下列句子的成分,并指出它们分别属于哪种基本句型。
A mooncake is a delicious and round cake. There are many different kinds of mooncakes.It is a good habit to do morning exercises. It is difficult for him to give up smoking.Trees turn green in spring. He sat there quietly.The apples tasted sweet. The sun rises in the east.什么是宾语?宾语用来表明动作的对象或结果,是动作的承受者。
宾语常用于及物动词之后,称为动词宾语。
介词后面的名词或代词,称为介词宾语。
如:We love China. She plays with a pen. He often helps me. We have finished reading this book. 什么可以作宾语?I like fruits. (名词)Everybody knows her.(代词)---How many chairs do you want? ---I want four.(数词)We should help the old and the injured.(名词化的形容词)I’d like to have some coffee.(动词不定式)I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I think you are right. I really don’t know what to do next.(宾语从句及复合宾语)思考:一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备什么特点呢?基本句型3:主+谓+宾此句型的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
如:Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案?She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
He said "Good morning." 他说:“早上好!”He admits that he made a mistake. 他承认犯了错误。
例句A他时常弹吉他。
例句B我想喝杯茶例句C我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句D我承认伤害了你。
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如:attempt, decide, expect, hope, learn, need, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。