英语长句的翻译方法
中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法
中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法长句在中级口译考试中科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁,在翻译长句时,首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为,无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点和表达方式,正确地译出原文的意思,不必拘泥于原文的形式。
下面是yjbys 小编为大家带来的中级口译考试英语长句翻译方法的知识,欢迎阅读。
长句的翻译英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念,而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句,作层次分明的叙述。
因此,在进行英译汉时,要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异,将英语的长句分解,翻译成汉语的短句。
在英语长句的翻译过程中,我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
例如:例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84 年考题)分析:该句子由一个主句,三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成,共有五层意思: A. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱;D. 加热水;E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。
上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致,因此,我们可以通过顺序法,把该句翻译成:即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我们工。
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。
汉译英长句的翻译方法
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时,可以采用以下几种方法:1.分割句子:将长句分割成较短的句子,每个句子表达一个完整的思想,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句:我昨天去了图书馆,借了一本关于历史的书,然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译:I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句:将长句中的一部分转换为从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词(如that, which, who, when, where等)引导从句。
例句:她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议,这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译:She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句:将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词(如that, which, who, whom等)引导定语从句。
例句:我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩,他总是很友好。
英文翻译:I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略:可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息,使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句:我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影,然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译:I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法,根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度,可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
英语长句的翻译技巧
It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些 因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发 展到较高的水平。
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们 提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问 题显得越来越重要了。
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; ① they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, ② if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. ③(全部倒置)
With the fear of, largely imaginary, plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位,他似乎完全丧失了自 信,但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。
英语长句的翻译技巧(部分)
Part of speech conversion method
要点一
总结词
要点二
详细描述
转换原句中某些词的词性来优化译文。
在翻译长句时,有时需要对原句中的某些词进行词性转换 ,以使译文更加符合目标语言的语法规则和表达习惯。例 如,在英语中常用名词表达抽象概念,而中文则更倾向于 使用动词。因此,在翻译过程中,可以根据需要将名词转 换为动词或其他词性,以使译文更加流畅自然。需要注意 的是,在进行词性转换时,要确保不改变原句的含义和逻 辑关系。
When translating English long sentences with flexible word order, it is essential to analyze the sentence structure carefully and determine the intended meaning of each word and phrase.
04
Translation Practice of English Long Sentences
Example 1: Application of Splitting Method
总结词
将长句分割成短句进行翻译
详细描述
对于结构复杂、信息量大的长句,可以采用 分割法,将长句分割成若干短句,分别进行 翻译,然后再将这些短句重新组合成完整的 译文。这种方法有助于降低翻译难度,提高
Example 3: Application of Reverse Order Method
总结词
调换原文句子成分的顺序进行翻译
详细描述
在处理长句时,有时需要调换原文句子成分的顺序进行 翻译,以适应目标语言的表达习惯和语法规则。这种方 法称为逆序法。逆序法常用于处理含有多个从句或复杂 修饰语的长句,通过调整语序使译文更加自然流畅。
英语长句翻译方法
英语翻译过程中,英语长句的译法大致可采取以下四种方法来进行。
一、顺序法有的英语句子虽长,但它所叙述的动作基本上是按时间顺序、地点顺序或逻辑关系安排的,这与我们中国人的思维方式相吻合,因此,翻译时可依从原文语序。
例: In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said,when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.分析:此句不算很长,但主句宾语a boy 细藤结大瓜似地带着一个非限制性定语从句直贯句尾,而从句中又有宾语从句that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 此宾语从句中的划线部分又是一个原因状语从句,整个句框形成三级从句;宾语从句中的谓语动词said 与它的宾语从句之间又为一时间状语when I spoke to him 所隔。
翻译时若要体现这纷繁复杂的语法关系简直难以行文,因而译文按照原文的顺序,将所发生的事情依序道来,虽未复现原文中诸从句与其被修饰语的关系,但原文的思想内容无一遗漏,叙述脉络清晰,符合逻辑关系和汉语行文习惯。
译文:在非洲,我遇到了一个男孩,他哭得伤心极了,我问他时,他说他饿了,两天没有吃饭了。
二、逆序法有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不尽相同甚至恰恰相反,这就要求我们在翻译时须逆着原文,从后面译起。
例: Is it our sound and considered judgment that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll- playing?分析:原文为了句子结构的平衡用形式主语“it”代替冗长的主语从句,而汉语中没有相同的句子结构,译文逆着原文的顺序先译主语从句的内容再译主句框架,将原文的意义表达得一清二楚,口气语势也与原文一般无二。
英语:长句的翻译
2.逆译法
英语长句的特点是重点内容在前,次要内容在后,而汉语 表达恰恰相反。因此,可先译出全句的后一部分,然后再 依次向前译,即逆译法。 Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么不规则,一 旦用超声波处理后,都可以被洗得干干净净,甚至干净得 像新机器零件一样。 (这是一个包含有时间状语从句,让步状语从句的复杂句。 按照汉语表达习惯,说明情况在先,处理方式在后,出现 的结果则置于最后,故用逆序法翻译)
3.分译法
有些长句结构复杂,包含多层意思,翻译时可以 在理解基础上大胆拆分原文的结构。 Manufacturing process may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 制造过程可分为单件生产和批量生产。单件生产 就是生产少量的零件,批量生产就是生产大批相 同的零件。 (该句包含两个动名词复合结构。汉译时拆分成 三个短句,意思清楚,difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility that these techniques find their way to the commercial marketplace.
英汉长句的翻译
2.3.4 时间状语从句提前 It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood. 一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型,再往下学似乎 就越来越难了,这其中的原因,也许教师比学生 更容易理解。
English-Chinese Trans Nhomakorabeaation
英译汉的长句翻译
1. Knowing about Translation
原序和换序译法 拆分译法 重组法
2. Translation Practice
英语重形合,句子结构可以借助各种 连接手段加以扩展和组合构成复杂的长句。 这类长句可由若干分句、子句、多种短语 及词组构成。而汉语多意合,连词运用得 较少,结构较为自由,以短句居多。因此 正确处理长句的翻译是确保译文忠实、通 顺的重要环节。
2.3.2 目的状语从句提前
A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly, and be well versed in the definitions, formulas as well as the technical terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study .
浅析英语长句的翻译方法
浅析英语长句的翻译方法在学习英语的过程中,经常会遇到一些比较复杂的长句,对于这些长句的翻译方法也是需要一些技巧和方法的。
在处理英语长句的翻译时,我们需要考虑句子的结构、语法以及上下文的语境等因素,下面就来浅析一下英语长句的翻译方法。
一、理解句子的结构在进行长句翻译之前,首先要对句子的结构有一个清晰的认识。
英语句子的结构一般为主谓宾结构,而复杂句的结构可能更为复杂,涉及到定语从句、状语从句等各种从句结构。
在进行翻译时需要理解句子的主要成分,找出句子的主谓宾关系,了解各个从句之间的逻辑关系,这样有助于更准确地理解和翻译句子。
二、把握句子的逻辑关系在翻译长句时,需要注意把握句子各部分之间的逻辑关系,包括并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等。
这些逻辑关系是句子的重要组成部分,也是翻译的重要依据。
在进行翻译时,需要根据句子的逻辑关系合理地组织语言,使译文更加清晰和连贯。
三、注重上下文的语境在翻译长句时,需要注重句子所处的上下文语境。
上下文语境可以帮助我们更好地理解句子的含义,找出更合适的译文。
有时候,直译可能并不能表达出原文的含义,需要根据上下文的语境合理地调整译文,使其更符合原意。
四、避免逐字逐句翻译在翻译长句时,尤其需要避免逐字逐句翻译。
因为英语和中文的语法、词序、习惯用法等方面有很多不同之处,逐字逐句翻译可能导致译文不通顺、不地道。
需要根据句子的含义和逻辑关系进行整体把握,选择恰当的表达方式,灵活运用各种翻译手法,使译文更加贴近原文,表达得更加准确和流畅。
五、勤学苦练,多积累经验翻译是一门需要不断学习和积累的艺术。
在翻译长句时,我们需要不断地积累词汇、语法知识,增加对语言的理解和运用能力。
也需要多进行实践,多翻译一些长句,不断总结经验,提高翻译能力。
处理英语长句的翻译并不是一件容易的事情,需要我们对句子的结构有清晰的认识,把握句子的逻辑关系,注重上下文的语境,避免逐字逐句翻译,同时不断学习和积累经验。
希望通过以上浅析的方法和技巧,能够帮助大家更好地应对英语长句的翻译,提高翻译能力。
浅析英语长句的翻译方法
浅析英语长句的翻译方法英语长句翻译是翻译工作中的一个难点,因为英语语言多用从句表达复杂的意思,而从句往往包含大量的修饰成分和复杂的语法结构,使得翻译时需要灵活运用各种翻译方法和技巧。
下面就对英语长句的翻译方法进行简要分析。
1. 分析句子结构: 在翻译长句时,首先需要分析原句的结构和语法,确定主干和从句、定语、状语等,以此为基础进行翻译。
例如:原句: The teacher, who is from England, is teaching us English, which is very popular all over the world.翻译:这位来自英格兰的教师正在教我们英语,这门语言在全世界非常流行。
2. 利用逗号和破折号: 英语中经常使用逗号和破折号分隔不同成分,翻译时可以利用这些标点符号协调长句的表达。
例如:3. 运用简化等效原则: 英语语言中,有些次要的修饰成分可以简化或省略,翻译时可以根据语境选择简化或省略译法。
例如:原句: The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.翻译:我昨天买的书很有趣。
4. 转换句式: 有些长句可以通过转换句式,改为简单句或者需要表达的语言习惯来使其更易理解。
例如:原句: As soon as I finish my work, I will call you back.翻译:我完成工作后立即给你回电话。
5. 建立逻辑关联: 在翻译长句时,需要建立逻辑关联,尤其是对于具有并列或递进关系的长句。
例如:总之,翻译英语长句需要系统的语法知识、扎实的译文功底和灵活运用翻译技巧。
通过分析句子结构、利用逗号和破折号、简化等效原则、转换句式和建立逻辑关联等方法,可以更准确地表达原文的含义。
英语长句翻译的技巧
英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安,因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话,温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡,而且当我摇了摇头时,我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。
二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我加强了信心。
三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于头一天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。
英语长句翻译的五种方法
英语长句翻译的五种方法科技英语具有逻辑性强、构造严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法构造复杂,层次重叠。
因此,进展长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
英语长句汉译时主要采用以下五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the position of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in position,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是根本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches ofthe profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric and gas power engines and machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和部门提供的产品。
长句的翻译
长句翻译汉语是以分析形式为主的语言,句子结构比较松散。
有时一个句子里存在不少并列成分,但并没有连接词把其中的逻辑关系明显地表现出来。
英语是以综合形式为主的语言,句子结构比较严谨,各个句子成分之间的逻辑关系需要明确彰显。
两种语言在语法结构上的差异加大了长句翻译的难度。
(1)原序对译即顺译法。
这种方法多用于单一主语的长句,但要分清句中的信息重心。
汉语的信息重心在许多情况下不体现在形式上,而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
而英语句子很注重信息的主次之分,主要信息放在突出位置,次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
所以汉译英时,应该把汉语隐性主次关系发掘出来,译成英语的主次表达方式。
通常,汉语中表示“结果、行为动作、推论结论、本质、目的”的部分会译成英语的主句或谓语部分;汉语中表示“时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、方法、手段、状态、说明、解释、非本质、修饰、否定”的部分,在英语中则以从句或非谓语动词的形式体现。
例1:原文:当他活着一天,总要尽量多工作、多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。
(2005年真题)译文:As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.例2:原文:…一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,顿感被打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。
(2003年真题)译文:Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.例3:原文:我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片喧闹。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
(2)Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
(2)Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
长句的翻译
School programs will be much more responsive to what the child is capable of thinking, which will minimize over-challenge and under-challenge.
组、独立分句或融合为主语的一部分。
例如:The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.
译文:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这使人们觉得有些乱。
采用前置法,使限制性定语从句成为汉语中做定语的词组。
译文:当我们嫉妒一个成绩更好的学生时,我们正在自我诋毁。
英语中,逻辑顺序通常是:结果在先,原因在后;推论在先,条件在后;事实在先,让步在后。汉语则相反:先因后果,先条件后推论,先让步后转折。因此,翻译时应注意按照汉语习惯调整语序。
例如:
In August1974,the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.
例如:
The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit.
英语中长句的翻译技巧
英语中长句的翻译技巧英语中长句的翻译技巧1. 何谓长句所谓长句,主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语(主干/句), 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等成分。
例:Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his orher capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
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长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子,这叫分译法。
使用分译法,可以把原句中的一个词,一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子(一)副词1.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上,但没得逞。
2.The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
(副词分译)3.Not surprisingly, he was constantly receiving complaints from all of them about his not givingvalue for money.毫不奇怪,他经常受到来自他们之中的种种埋怨,说他光拿钱不干活。
4.Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.怀特先生没有表露自己的感情,只是察言观色,心领神会,他的特点就是这样。
(二)形容词1.That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。
(形容词分译)2.She is grateful for his defense.他为她挺身而出,她很感激。
3.The guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed.来宾对这种破格礼遇感到高兴,但没有受宠若惊。
4.Suddenly the door bursts and Gorge appears, dirty, disheveled, and bed ragged, with a nasty cut onhis chin.突然,门开了,乔治出现了。
他十分肮脏,衣冠不整,浑身是泥,下巴严重划伤。
5.The elements are less reserved and distinct.宇宙各种元素并不像以前那么含蓄,也不像以前那么截然不同。
(三)名词1.He shook his head and his eyes were wide , then narrowed in indignation .他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
(名词分译)2.It was our mistake to have kept nagging you.我们老是唠叨着催你,是我们不对。
3.The truth is I have someone in my mind some time but I’ve been postponing telling my parents.实际情况是,一段时间以来我已经有了心上人,不过我一直拖着,没有告诉父母。
4.I wanted to laugh at their harmlessness.它们无法作恶了,我真想放声大笑。
二、把原文中的短语译成句子1.I wrote four books in the first three years , a record never touched before .我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。
(名词短语分译)2.She had such a kindly , smiling , tender , gentle , generous heart of her own.她心地厚道,性格温柔可疼,器量又大,为人又乐观。
(单词搭配分译)3.And in their further disputes she always returned to his point ,”Get me a situation –we hate eachother , and I am ready to go .”从此以后他们每拌一次嘴,她就回到老题目,说道:“给我找个事情,反正咱们你恨我,我嫌你,我愿意走。
”(修辞需要词语分译)4.Because of their origions in the public school system , these institutions do respond to the needsand desires of the community .由于社会学院源自公立教育体系,它们必须按照社区的需求去做。
(介词短语分译)5.To compare the weight of different types of objects , we should have to weigh equal volumes of each .要比较两种不同物体的重量,就必须取同样的体积进行称量。
(不定式短语分译)6.Handsome young men must have something to live on, as well as the plain.美男子和凡夫俗子一样,也要有饭吃,有衣穿。
7.Please reply at your earliest convenience.您要是方便,请尽早回信。
8.My parents started at each other in silence for a while.一时间,父母面面相觑,沉默不语。
9.With his failures in life came the fears for the future.他因生活屡遭失败,所以对前途忧心忡忡。
三、把单句译成两个以上的句子1.Then a large group of boys and girls , friends of Tom and Joe , came to the school andstood looking over the fence into the yardwhere they had played together .随后,一大群男孩子和女孩子来到了学校,他们都是汤姆和乔的朋友。
他们站在那里,注视着栅栏外曾经一起玩耍的地方。
(句子并列谓语的后一部分分译)2.Weeks became months .几个星期过去了,几个月过去了。
(简单句分译成并列句)3.And the stranger understood and appreciated.这位生客会意,心里充满感激。
4.He tried to clear his mind and concentrate fully on the film.他竭力摆脱杂念,集中注意力看电影。
四、复合句分译1.In dispute between two states with which one is friendly , try not to get involved .当两国发生争端时,如与两国都友好,第二国则力避卷入。
(定语从句分译成状语)2.At daybreak Tom was awakened by a sound that made him know that he had new thingsto learn about fear.黎明时刻,汤姆被一种声音惊醒了,这声音使他意识到自己面临着新的可怕的事情(定语从句分译成独立句)3.这些国家的共产党和进步党派,正促使它们的政府和我们做生意,以至建立外交关系。
The Communist Party and progressive groupsin those countries are urging theirgovernments to establish trade and evendiplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill.This is help. (汉语长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾进行分译)4.这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白,务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风,务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦朴素的作风。
This must be made clear now in the Party. Thecomrades must be taught to remain modest,prodent and free from arrogance and rashnessin their style of work. The comrades must betaught to preserve the style of plain living andhard struggle. (汉语句中含有从一般或从具体到一般的过度进行分译)5.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow thelatest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programs whichare both instructive and entertaining.,人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。