英语构词法在高考中的应用

请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。 1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. 2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. 3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their
(nature) course.( 08 高考 )
3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09 高考 )
二．转化法： He is a man with broad shoulders. We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08 高考）
技巧点拨： 动词前后、形容词前后可有
，这时，如果所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词
三 . 派生 (Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词 :
eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的
，只改变其
。
happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的
一．合成法：
… Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as
,
并注意名词数的变化。动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。
(1)His (2)He was one of the
(visit) who
2.常见的形容词后缀 - al ; –an ; –ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; –y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous 表示具有 … 的性质 , 或与 …有关
4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10
高考 )
考点精讲：
Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’ttrouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
英语构词法在高考中的应用
本课要点 ： 1.各类词性的正确使用及转化
2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量
考情分析 ：
1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考 )
possible understand legal lucky
polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
2. 请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义 retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook
from the shop without paying for them.
…
shoplifters, who always take away things
What does the word
“ shoplifter ” mean?
A. 商店里的小偷
B. 商店里的推销员
C.商店里的老客户 D .商店里的搬运工
英语构词法主要有三种方法： 一． .合成 (Compounding): 由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子 )+ wife( 妻子 )----housewife( 家庭主妇 )
二 . 转化 (Conversion): 由一个词类转化为另一个词类 : eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.) 浇水
superman coeducation
subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport
(二）后缀 1. 常见的名词后缀 A: 表示人的后缀：
B: 其它常见的后缀：
技巧点拨 ： 动词、介词、 冠词、物主代词等词后一般接
或动名词 ,如果所给单词是其它词类 ,就要将其改为
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
3.常见的副词后缀 : - ly 表示方式 ,程度 : freely ， happily
-ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards
触类旁通： feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free
1
三．派生法（重点） ： （一）前缀 1. 否定前缀： il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-
请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。 balance concern active patient