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Early Container Shipping
It is said that while sitting at a dock waiting for cargo he trucked in to be reloaded onto a ship, McLean realized that rather than loading and unloading the truck, the truck body itself, with some minor modifications, could be the container that was transported.
History of Container Shipping Break bulk and “General Cargo” was labor intensive, subject to damage from weather and slow to load/unload.
The cargo was handled many times, making damage and „lost‟cargo inevitably.
History of Container Shipping
Early Container Shipping
During the early days of cargo shipping, containers were lashed to the deck. Later, containers were placed below deck. Eventually full container or cellular-built vessels were designed that are now the mainstay of the cargo revolution.
Early Container Shipping
History of Container Shipping
Malcom McLean invented the shipping container in the 1930s in New Jersey, and later founded Sea-Land Service, Inc.
History of Container Shipping The pallet was the next evolutionary stage in containerization. Although an improvement over break bulk, there were still problems. Advantages • Quicker • More load per lift • Less damage to cargo • No special shore equipment needed. Disadvantages • Expensive • Not all cargo can be palletized • Broken stowage • High investment
History of Container Shipping
The first sea-freight
The concept of shipping cargo in containers was not new; the German company Schenker AG, made its first sea freight container shipments in 1931.
History of Container Shipping
Early Container Shipping
In 1956, ocean-borne containerization is introduced with the shipment of Sea-Land containers aboard the Ideal-X from Port Newark, New Jersey, to Houston, Texas.
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History of Container Shipping
After this successful voyage, Sea-Land began a program to fully containerize C-2 vessels by constructing cells within the mid-body of the ship to hold containers, as well as providing the capability to carry containers above deck. The first such vessel to be fully containerized was the GATEWAY CITY, which sailed from Port Newark for Miami, Houston, and Tampa on October 4, 1957. Capacity: 226 Containers Speed: 15 Knots. In Miami, cargo was delivered to the consignee only 90 minutes after the Gateway City docked.
Container History
History of Container Shipping Before containerships, cargo was painstakingly moved in cargo nets. The name for this type of cargo movement, “break bulk”, seems appropriate.